@article{2-s2.0-85179778507,

title = {STUDY OF A LOW-COST METHOD FOR ESTIMATING ENERGY FUEL RESOURCES IN ANTHROPOGENIC SEDIMENTS},

author = { D. Khomenko and I. Jelonek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85179778507&doi=10.2478%2fmspe-2023-0049&partnerID=40&md5=108ba15789f75b4e561a2e7e853fc8ad},

doi = {10.2478/mspe-2023-0049},

issn = {22990461},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Management Systems in Production Engineering},

volume = {31},

number = {4},

pages = {434-441},

publisher = {Sciendo},

abstract = {In 2021, at the request of PJSC "Dnepropetrovsk Coke Plant", city Kamianske, we conducted research at the facility where coke-chemical waste is stored on one of the coal waste collectors. The study area was 9.37 ha. The research subject was anthropogenic formations, which were formed due to the storage of coal-floated sediments on the company's premises. The research aimed to determine the characteristics and analysis of the quantity and quality of coal accumulations, determine the retention of the insulating layer and its composition, and create maps of the quality and capacity of accumulated anthropogenic sediments. The ordering company decided to use both – the latest ground penetration technology and the traditional methods of drilling and laboratory, thanks to which an unusually large number of parameters were obtained and processed during the research process. Similar research was conducted on other industrial facilities, but to a much lesser extent; since we have implemented a combined, comprehensive methodology for the assessment of anthropogenic deposits, because of which the effectiveness of geological research and economic assessment increased, the time of conducting research shortened to 40-45 calendar days, and the cost of such tests decreased five times. At this stage, some things could be improved in the methodology, such as imperfection of the mathematical model and methodology of statistical data processing. These errors will be eliminated during further modelling work under the prepared implementation plan for the tested methodology. © 2023 Author(s).},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85174465500,

title = {Effects of thermal treatment of food using barbecue fuels on ambient air and beach sands within recreation facilities},

author = { S. Kuś and I. Jelonek and Z. Jelonek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85174465500&doi=10.1038%2fs41598-023-45023-4&partnerID=40&md5=43d00e6430744f74134a15020468bcb1},

doi = {10.1038/s41598-023-45023-4},

issn = {20452322},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Scientific Reports},

volume = {13},

number = {1},

publisher = {Nature Research},

abstract = {Organised bathing areas located within leisure facilities, in addition to the function typical of their purpose, allow in most cases the use of their own barbecue facilities. This type of cooking of food before consumption is very popular during leisure time at the waterfront. However, cooking food on a barbecue produces fumes emitted from both the fuel being burned and the food being grilled. In addition, the fat from the grilled food falls on the hearth, contributing to the release of further toxic compounds and, in many cases, together with other exhaust fumes, causing considerable smoke and the summer smog effect. Such cumulative gases emitted by irregularly dispersed barbecues repeatedly irritate the respiratory tract of beachgoers in the area of these devices, and the residue of unburned barbecue fuel contaminates the resting area. Small pieces of charcoal of various textures tend to sink into the sand when exposed to the elements and can pose a risk to young children playing on the beach by causing choking and minor injuries. The study revealed an assumed range of exposure to dust and gases emitted from barbecuing that extended up to 40 m from the hearth. Additionally, it was demonstrated that the thermal processing of food using barbecue fuels could lead to increased contamination of beach sands from the fuel itself and food storage materials. Therefore, taking into account the studies carried out showing the adverse effects of active barbecues on beach sands and, above all, the atmospheric air and directly on beachgoers, administrators of recreational facilities should strive to concentrate these devices at a distance (up to several tens of metres) from beaches and bathing areas. © 2023, Springer Nature Limited.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85168546328,

title = {Interlaboratory study: Testing reproducibility of solid biofuels component identification using reflected light microscopy},

author = { A. Drobniak and M. Mastalerz and Z. Jelonek and I. Jelonek and T. Adsul and N.M. Andolšek and O.H. Ardakani and T. Congo and B. Demberelsuren and B.S. Donohoe and A. Douds and D. Flores and R. Ganzorig and S. Ghosh and A.P. Giże and P.A. Gonçalves and P.C. Hackley and J.J. Hatcherian and J.C. Hower and S. Kalaitzidis and S. Kędzior and W.R. Knowles and J. Kus and K. Lis and G.P. Lis and Be. Liu and Q. Luo and M. Du and D.K. Mishra and M. Misz-Kennan and T. Mugerwa and J.L. Nedzweckas and J.M.K. O'Keefe and Ja. Park and R. Pearson and H.I. Petersen and J. Reyes and J. Ribeiro and G. de la Rosa-Rodríguez and P. Sosnowski and B.J. Valentine and A.K. Varma and M. Wojtaszek-Kalaitzidi and Zh. Xu and A. Zdravkov and K. Ziemianin},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85168546328&doi=10.1016%2fj.coal.2023.104331&partnerID=40&md5=437705b071d6453eaaf41d2816f52333},

doi = {10.1016/j.coal.2023.104331},

issn = {01665162},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Coal Geology},

volume = {277},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {Considering global market trends and concerns about climate change and sustainability, increased biomass use for energy is expected to continue. As more diverse materials are being utilized to manufacture solid biomass fuels, it is critical to implement quality assessment methods to analyze these fuels thoroughly. One such method is reflected light microscopy (RLM), which has the potential to complement and enhance current standard testing, leading to improving fuel quality assessment and, ultimately, preventing avoidable air pollution. An interlaboratory study (ILS) was conducted to test the reproducibility of biomass fuels component identification using a reflected light microscopy technique. The exercise was conducted on thirty photomicrographs showing biomass and various undesired components (like plastics or mineral matter), which were purposely added (by the ILS organizers) to contaminate wood pellets and charcoal-based grilling fuels. Forty-six participants had various levels of difficulty identifying the marked components, and as a result, the percentage of correct answers ranged from 52.2 to 94.4%. Among the most difficult components to distinguish were petroleum products and inorganic matter. Various reasons led to the misidentification, including insufficient morphological descriptions of the components provided to participants, ambiguities of the nomenclature, limitations of the analytical and exercise method, and insufficient experience of the participants. Overall, the results indicate that RLM has the potential to enhance the quality assessment of biomass fuels. However, they also demonstrate that the petrographic classification used in this exercise requires further refinement before it can be standardized. While a new simplified classification of solid biomass fuels components was created as an outcome of this study, future research is necessary to refine the nomenclature, develop a microscopic morphological description of the components, and verify the accuracy of component identification with a follow-up ILS. © 2023 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {2},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85166625524,

title = {Evolution of the facies development of the Knurów deposit (USCB) based on the microlithotypes analysis},

author = { P. Sosnowski and I. Jelonek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85166625524&doi=10.1016%2fj.coal.2023.104329&partnerID=40&md5=a2daed7a0c308c80ad6956b1bce96609},

doi = {10.1016/j.coal.2023.104329},

issn = {01665162},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Coal Geology},

volume = {276},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {This paper presents the first attempt to reconstruct the facies development of the entire Carboniferous coal deposit with an area of 38.50 km2, in the western part of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin based on microscopic microlithotype analysis. For this purpose, eight coal seams in the Knurów deposit were sampled. Samples were taken from all stratigraphic series of exploited seams and exploratory boreholes. This paper reconstructs the transition of environments between eight coal seams extracted in the active Knurów coking coal mine in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin, using microlithotype analysis of the whole seam basis on the fifty coal samples. Facies diagrams proposed in the literature by other researchers were used to reconstruct the depositional environments. The dominant microlithotypes in the coking coal of the Knurów deposit are vitrite (in the range from 19.96 vol% for coal seam No. 504 to 42.96 vol% for coal seam No. 355) and duroclarite (in the range from 20;57 vol% for coal seam No. 410 to 33;65 vol% for coal seam No. 405/1). The distribution of the samples indicates two dominant peat-forming environments. These are telmatic reed moor rich in duroclarite and telmatic forest moor rich in vitrite. This indicates a transitional environment between forest swamp and herbaceous swamp. Thus, the deposit evolved from the paralic to limnic facies. The formation of the river delta caused the progradation of terrestrial environments into the sea and the formation of extensive mires fed mainly by groundwater connected to the river system. Over time, the deposit changed from a reed facies to a forest facies. Periodically, the mires were flooded with waters formed in the proximal lacustrine delta by rising water levels or delta subsidence. The remnants of this phenomenon are interbeds in coal seams resembling macroscopic sapropelic coal rich in the clay matters and gelinite. These are layers containing vitrite in the range of 52.99–59.06 vol% and mineral matter in the amount of 19.76–34.59 vol%. The evolution of the basin proceeded from the paralic to limnic stage. The main factor determining the evolution of the mire was the existing river system with periodically variable activity and intensity. © 2023 Elsevier B.V.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85153081975,

title = {Residential gasification of solid biomass: Influence of raw material on emissions},

author = { A. Drobniak and Z. Jelonek and M. Mastalerz and I. Jelonek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85153081975&doi=10.1016%2fj.coal.2023.104247&partnerID=40&md5=6f0ed35f6ddabdcef9e0c9d8cdc21dde},

doi = {10.1016/j.coal.2023.104247},

issn = {01665162},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Coal Geology},

volume = {271},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {With interest rising in biomass use, biomass gasification has the potential to become an imperative mechanism to deliver clean conversion of various types of solid biomass to gas. But as biomass gasification attracts growing interest, it is important to focus not only on the technological feasibility but also fully understand its environmental impact to eliminate avoidable air pollution. In this study, we investigated relationships between the composition of 14 types of solid biomass fuels and their gasification emissions in a small-scale residential outdoor setting. Our results show that the amount and type of produced emissions are strongly influenced by the gasified feed. Combining chemical and petrographic analysis proved to be a robust quality assessment method of solid biomass fuels, allowing for quick detection of their contaminants. These impurities can be directly correlated with elevated particulate matter emissions, CO, H2S, HCHO, NH3, SO2, NOx, and respiratory tract irritants. These observations show that quality testing of biomass fuels is critical not only for ensuring their high quality but also for predicting avoidable air pollution during their utilization. Although our data revealed relationships between the type of biomass fuel and gasification emissions, in general, our experiments show that small-scale gasification in a residential setting is a safe technology, and potential hazards can be eliminated by using certified fuels and ensuring appropriate distance from the source of emissions. © 2023 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {2},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85181520426,

title = {Estimating solid contaminant levels in beach sands through petrographic analysis, screening evaluation, and optical imaging},

author = { S. Kuś and Z. Jelonek and I. Jelonek and E.M. Sierka},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85181520426&doi=10.24425%2faep.2023.147328&partnerID=40&md5=5db04ab33353a923beefa83c97bd9364},

doi = {10.24425/aep.2023.147328},

issn = {20834772},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Archives of Environmental Protection},

volume = {49},

number = {3},

pages = {50-63},

publisher = {Polska Akademia Nauk},

abstract = {Determining the level of solid pollution in beach sands located near artificial inland water bodies in order to maintain high safety standards is a difficult and expensive task. The tests aimed at determining beach pollution caused by solid wastes through analysis of toxic and chemical concentrations, are time-consuming and usually require several days before the results are available. In addition, the maintenance of the beach area involving beach raking or grooming, and the seasonal replenishment of sand makes it difficult to realistically determine the chemical or bacterial contamination of the tested material. Solid pollutants, such as glass, caps, cans, thick foil, metal, and plastic fragments, pose a greater health risk to beachgoers. The above-mentioned pollutants, especially small ones, are hardly visible on the surface or they are buried at shallow depths. Beach garbage poses a serious threat that can lead to infections from cuts and scratches. These injuries can become infected, further jeopardizing the health and lives of beachgoers due to risks like tetanus, staphylococcus, etc. The authors presented a new petrographic method aimed at assessing the quality of sand by examining the content of solid pollutants. The obtained results allowed us to conclude that the mentioned procedure can be used for a quick quantitative estimation of the content of potentially dangerous and undesirable pollutants in beach sands. Consequently, the method implemented to determent the amount of solid pollutants in beach sands has proven to be a valuable tool for recreational facility administrators, helping them in taking necessary measures to ensure the safety of beach users. Petrographic analysis of beach sands revealed the presence of pollutants of plant origin (0.4–1.8%), plastic (0.1–0.4%), paper (0.1–0.6%), charcoal (0.1–0.5%), glass (0.1–0.4%), metals (0.1–0.4%), rust (0.1–0.3%), ash and slag (0.1–0.3%), and fossil coals (0.1–0.2%). © 2023 Polish Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85136335217,

title = {Facies development of coal seams in the Knurów deposit (Upper Silesia, Poland)},

author = { P. Sosnowski and I. Jelonek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85136335217&doi=10.1016%2fj.coal.2022.104073&partnerID=40&md5=0f0670f6089c04414d46c18db2d11d62},

doi = {10.1016/j.coal.2022.104073},

issn = {01665162},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Coal Geology},

volume = {261},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {This paper presents the first attempt to develop the facies model of the entire coal deposit belonging to the Carboniferous productive sequence located in the western part of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin. To achieve this objective, six seams from the Knurów deposit were examined. The deposit belongs to the largest producer of coking coal in Europe, which is Jastrzębska Spółka Węglowa SA (Polish state-run coking coal producer). The maceral composition, vitrinite reflectance, ash yield content, moisture content, gross calorific value, and volatile matter yield were determined. Coals from the Knurów deposit are classified as ortho-bituminous and meta-bituminous coals. Their average degree of coalification, determined by vitrinite reflectance, is RO = 0.79% to RO = 1.09%. Petrographic indices and the analysis of facies diagrams were used to develop the facies model. It was shown that the facies development and sedimentological evolution of the Knurów deposit were determined by the river system extended to the upper delta plain. In accordance with the stratigraphic succession, the oldest deposits are dominated by the reed facies (mainly Calamites) growing in oxbow lakes and dry streambeds. With the passage of time, the importance of the river system for the development of the paleo-environment decreased. Transitional bogs with mixed plant communities were formed. This started the conversion of wetlands into areas occupied by wet forest. At the end of the sedimentation of the documented coal seams in the Knurów deposit, lowland bogs (fens), which were subject to frequent fires, dominated the landscape. Based on a detailed maceral analysis and facies diagram analysis, a strong correlation between fault occurrence and coal facies developed under paleo-river influence was displayed. The aim of the study is to show environmental changes during deposit formation in the context of geological exploration. © 2022 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {2},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85127503545,

title = {Study on restoring abandoned mine lands to economically usable state using the post-occupancy evaluation method},

author = { A. Chećko and I. Jelonek and Z. Jelonek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85127503545&doi=10.1002%2fldr.4265&partnerID=40&md5=5f927a4dac9435671b99663a9a88ef9b},

doi = {10.1002/ldr.4265},

issn = {10853278},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Land Degradation and Development},

volume = {33},

number = {11},

pages = {1836-1845},

publisher = {John Wiley and Sons Ltd},

abstract = {Abandoned mine lands are a common element of the contemporary landscape. In administrative practice, they are rated low, yet they are of interest to informal users and scientific and cultural communities. The aim of our research was to identify the possibilities of using qualitative research methods, applied in architecture, to create friendly, urban spaces with a universal character in the areas of abandoned quarries. The study was conducted in the Sadowa Góra quarry area in southern Poland, using the post occupancy evaluation (POE) method. The results of the conducted analysis confirm the effectiveness of the POE method in restoring abandoned mine lands to an economically usable state by surveying users' opinions on accessibility, functionality, and visual quality. The applied methodology was used as effective support for the transformation process of post-mining areas and as a tool to optimize the costs of their reclamation and maintenance. © 2022 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.},

note = {3},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85133859724,

title = {A Relative Relationship between Low-Stack Emissions and the Quality of Fuels Used in Heating Boilers and Grills},

author = { S. Kuś and I. Jelonek and Z. Jelonek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85133859724&doi=10.13189%2feer.2022.100306&partnerID=40&md5=303faddec14b5582a97b6575be3c5b89},

doi = {10.13189/eer.2022.100306},

issn = {2331625X},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Environment and Ecology Research},

volume = {10},

number = {3},

pages = {385-391},

publisher = {Horizon Research Publishing},

abstract = {Fuel combustion conditions in modern boilers are currently fully automated. Controlling the combustion process with preset parameters with an appropriate air distribution adapted to the type of fuel ensures maximum use of fuel properties. Combustion of heating materials in such controlled conditions allows to minimally affect the environment of emitted flue gases and solid residues (ashes). Unfortunately, the best boiler with the best regulator will not provide optimal combustion conditions without good fuel quality. Contaminated biomass (pellets; wood chips; wood) with plastic, fossil coal, colored metals not only effectively affects the low emission burden, but also the failure rate of boilers. Analogically, the use of poor-quality solid fossil fuels translates into the formation of smog and sometimes irreparable damage to CO equipment. According to the authors of the study, in which the combination of low and medium power boilers with dedicated tested fuels to a given type of heating installation will ensure maximum reduction of low emissions. In the summer period, we can observe the phenomenon of fog caused by the use of grill fuels to prepare dishes. In case of high insolation and accumulation of devices (grills), e.g., on plots, recreational areas, smog phenomenon may also occur. The more the grills are polluted, the more the combustion fumes are burdensome and harmful for users of both active and passive barbecues. Based on the analysis of flue gases from the combustion of charcoal and charcoal briquettes, it can be stated that their particulate matter emissions, which are mainly responsible for the formation of smog, range from about 110 mg/m3 to 280 mg/m3. It was found that charcoal briquettes show extremely high emission levels for both PM 2.5 and PM 10 and other compounds emitted during the combustion process. Optical analyses performed on fuels used in household furnaces revealed, in the case of the samples analyzed, a low content of additives such as plastics and metals; the only significant and unnecessary component in all the fuels analyzed was the mineral matter. © 2022 by authors, all rights reserved.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85132384409,

title = {Synthetic Analysis of Thematic Studies towards Determining the Recreational Potential of Anthropogenic Reservoirs},

author = { S. Kuś and E.M. Sierka and I. Jelonek and Z. Jelonek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85132384409&doi=10.13189%2feer.2022.100304&partnerID=40&md5=eeff8fe6630a941f388d340d9483b17e},

doi = {10.13189/eer.2022.100304},

issn = {2331625X},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Environment and Ecology Research},

volume = {10},

number = {3},

pages = {355-369},

publisher = {Horizon Research Publishing},

abstract = {Processes associated with surface mining promote the creation of artificial water reservoirs. In most cases, these post mining reservoirs can be adapted for recreational purposes after slight modifications. The authors analyzed the characteristics of inland reservoirs created as a result of opencast mining of diverse types of deposits in terms of the possibility of their best use for recreation and the identification of good management practices. The solutions and methods of monitoring the current status of anthropogenic waters and aquatic ecosystems serving the local community and tourists are briefly presented. The typical conditions for the formation of artificial water reservoirs and the risks associated with the genesis of such reservoirs for users and administrators of these facilities are discussed. The possibilities of managing anthropogenic reservoirs for economic purposes, considering their origin, shape, depth, and water quality, are also presented. The development of recreation infrastructure was discussed, not only the one directly in contact with the water reservoir, but also the one located at a distance, which corresponds to the definition of water-based tourism, which also takes place in the areas surrounding the lakes. Considering the innovative and constructive view on the risks of the use of post-anthropogenic ecosystems, both from the user's and administrator's perspective, we believe that the manuscript will be a useful compilation of knowledge on the subject and could be of value to wide readership. © 2022 by authors, all rights reserved.},

note = {3},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85125908401,

title = {Developing methodology for petrographic analysis of solid biomass in reflected light},

author = { A. Drobniak and I. Jelonek and Z. Jelonek and M. Mastalerz},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85125908401&doi=10.1016%2fj.coal.2022.103959&partnerID=40&md5=c19812b8087be7015bd6c7b8f61f2dc7},

doi = {10.1016/j.coal.2022.103959},

issn = {01665162},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Coal Geology},

volume = {253},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {As concerns about climate change and sustainability rise, biomass utilization has a potential to become one of the pillars of the future energy market. It is therefore critical to assure that solid biomass fuels are of the highest quality and do not contribute to avoidable air pollution. Our research has shown that petrographic analysis of solid biomass in reflected light can quickly and reliably provide information on fuel composition and contamination. As such, this technique has a potential to improve our understanding of raw fuel properties and, in some instances, even predict parameters of their combustion emissions. This paper provides guidelines for conducting microscopic analysis of wood pellets and charcoal-based fuels in reflected light. It presents two preliminary microscopic classifications of solid biomass components and emphasizes the need for training materials, exemplified by recently published photomicrograph atlases. Our research indicates that pairing reflected light microscopy with the currently used standard testing would enhance the quality assessment of solid biomass. To achieve this, the methodology must be promoted, tested for interlaboratory reproducibility, and finally standardized. © 2022 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {6},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85125653399,

title = {Joint analysis using geomechanics, computed X-ray tomography and petrography based on coal samples from a carboniferous basin in Poland},

author = { E. Puskarczyk and P. Krakowska-Madejska and M. Dohnalik and I. Jelonek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85125653399&doi=10.1007%2fs10064-022-02577-3&partnerID=40&md5=82b27fe26309cf3c03386b32d231d1b0},

doi = {10.1007/s10064-022-02577-3},

issn = {14359529},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment},

volume = {81},

number = {3},

publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH},

abstract = {Two coal samples from Polish Upper Silesian Coal Basin with different degrees of coalification were analysed to investigate the influence of coal petrographic parameters on geomechanical tests. The samples were subjected to petrographic analyses such as maceral, microlithotype and vitrinite reflection. Triaxial geomechanical tests were performed, and full stress–strain characteristic was recorded. The P- and S-wave velocities were also measured during the triaxial compression tests, at each stage of the test. The dynamic elastic modulus was determined. Computed X-ray microtomography was conducted in three steps: under initial sample conditions, in a linear portion of the stress–strain curve and after the triaxial compression test. The sample was first scanned (reference image) to determine the geometry of the natural pores and microcracks. The second stage represents the samples after geomechanical testing stopped in the linear portion of the stress–strain curve. The third stage of CT measurements was performed after the triaxial compression test. Samples were analysed with respect to the propagation of cracks and changes in pore space development. CT images obtained at different stages were compared to characterize the specimen’s reaction to stresses. The qualitative and quantitative interpretation was based on comparison of the diameters of pores and cracks, dip angles, strikes, directions and volumes before the test, in the linear portion of the stress–strain curve and after the test. The results indicated a relationship between geomechanical properties and the sum of reactive and inert macerals. It appeared that the coal sample was prone to fracturing in defined plane directions. © 2022, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.},

note = {3},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85146395093,

title = {TERRIGENOUS ORGANIC MATTER AND FORMATION OF SIDERITE IN THE BATHONIAN ORE-BEARING CLAY FORMATION AT GNASZYN, POLAND – A PETROCHEMICAL STUDY},

author = { K. Lis and P.M. Wojtulek and G.P. Lis and I. Jelonek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85146395093&doi=10.14241%2fasgp.2022.09&partnerID=40&md5=d7377bbcfc86a16f432cd51018aff41e},

doi = {10.14241/asgp.2022.09},

issn = {02089068},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae},

volume = {92},

number = {3},

pages = {295-312},

publisher = {Polish Geological Society},

abstract = {The Bathonian Ore-Bearing Clay Formation, outcropping in the Gnaszyn open-pit mine at Częstochowa (Poland), includes several horizons of abundant iron carbonate concretions. The cores of the concretionary bodies commonly contain organic matter (OM), dominated by fragments of wood. These organic particles usually display well-preserved primary structures and occur rarely as more deformed and/or completely degraded frag-ments. Their original structures are frequently replaced by or filled with secondary mineralization, mostly rep-resented by pyrite. The maceral composition of the OM of the wood fragments is dominated by huminite with subordinate inertinite and resinite. Vitrinite reflectance analyses revealed values lower than 0.45%. The total organic carbon content (TOC) displayed variable results between 2% and 18%. Rock-Eval analyses revealed low amounts of hydrogen (< 45 mg HC/g TOC) and relatively high amounts of oxygen (up to 136 mg CO2/g TOC). Analysed samples contained small quantities of free hydrocarbons (S1 peak < 0.26 mg HC/g rock) as well as hydrocarbons, generated during pyrolysis (S2 peak < 7.05 mg HC/g rock). These features are characteristic for immature type IV kerogen of terrigenous origin. However, the maceral composition and frequent occurrence of siderite affecting the Rock-Eval parameters may indicate that the original kerogen belonged to type III. According to previous authors, the OM of terrigenous origin was delivered to well-oxygenated water of the pal-aeo-basin in the Częstochowa area. The present data indicate that intensive biodegradation of this OM at shallow burial depleted the oxygen supply within the sediment, driving the pore water into dys-or anoxic conditions. The activity of microorganisms in reducing iron and/or sulphates became the dominant biodegradation reaction, introducing Fe2+ and HCO3-ions into the system. Negative δ13C values in the cortex of the concretions analysed indicate that the bicarbonate consumed in siderite precipitation was supplied by this microbial activity. The reducing microenvironments developed in the sediment and wood fragments acted as nucleation sites for siderite precipitation. © 2022, Polish Geological Society. All rights reserved.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85118855276,

title = {Emissions during grilling with wood pellets and chips},

author = { Z. Jelonek and A. Drobniak and M. Mastalerz and I. Jelonek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85118855276&doi=10.1016%2fj.aeaoa.2021.100140&partnerID=40&md5=edd454bf36947776e5a94290fb0cf3be},

doi = {10.1016/j.aeaoa.2021.100140},

issn = {25901621},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Atmospheric Environment: X},

volume = {12},

publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},

abstract = {The quality check of grilling wood pellets should be of a critical importance as smoke from their combustion has a direct contact with food, impacts human safety, and pollutes the atmosphere. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to investigate the purity of grilling wood pellets and chips available on the market, analyze the properties of their combustion gases, and determine if a relationship between the fuel composition and emissions during grilling can be established. In this study, we investigated 45 types of BBQ wood pellets and wood chips available for purchase in the USA and Europe. Based on reflected light microscopy analysis, the samples are composed dominantly of biomass, ranging from 87.5 to 99.8 vol % for wood pellets and 96.5 to 99.1 vol % for wood chips, with the average impurities content of 1.7 vol % for wood pellets and 2.2 vol % for wood chips. The undesired components included bark, mineral matter, charcoal, coke, metal, rust, slag, and petroleum products. Our data show that grilling with wood pellets and chips leads to elevated emissions of particulate matter (PM), NO2, SO2, CO, CO2, and formaldehyde in comparison with recommended exposure limits. The average emissions of PM are higher from wood chips than from pellets by approximately 85 μg/m3, and they come mainly from PM2.5; the contribution from PM of 2.5–10 μm in size is rather insignificant. CO2 emissions, on average 2.67% from pellets and 2.27% from wood chips, were elevated comparing with a typical outdoor air level of 0.03–0.05% (300–500 ppm). The level of emissions of individual components also changes during the grilling cycle, and depends on the type of combusted wood, grilling conditions and fuel moisture content. © 2021},

note = {2},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85110476526,

title = {Quantitative assessment of organic and inorganic contaminants in charcoal},

author = { Z. Jelonek and M.J. Fabiańska and I. Jelonek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85110476526&doi=10.3390%2fresources10070069&partnerID=40&md5=97b6e1a7d08030eb124f8f42052c1ebf},

doi = {10.3390/resources10070069},

issn = {20799276},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Resources},

volume = {10},

number = {7},

publisher = {MDPI AG},

abstract = {Thirty‐one batches of commercial charcoal from various regions of Poland and Germany were tested for the presence of 20 toxic elements and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) using gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS). Elements that are toxic to living organisms were determined using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). They were classified as elements representing a very high degree of hazard (As; Cd; Cu; Hg; and Pb), high degree of hazard (Zn; Ba; Cr; Mn; and Mo), moderate degree of hazard (Co; Ni; Sn; and Te), and a low degree of hazard for living organisms and the environment (Ag; Bi; Ce; Se; Sr; and Zr). In regard to the most toxic ele-ments, the highest concentration in the whole tested material was recorded for Cu. In addition, con-siderable amounts of Ba, Mn, and Sr, i.e., elements representing a high or moderate degree of haz-ard, were found in the tested charcoals. Moreover, all charcoals contained a wide range of PAHs, from naphthalene to benzo(ghi)perylene, with concentrations in a range between 12.55 and 3554.11 ng/g charcoal. In total, 25 unsubstituted PAHs were identified in the charcoal extracts. PAHs distributions were dominated by five‐ring PAHs. The results indicate high carcinogenicity with ∑PAHcarc/∑PAHtot close to 1, as well as high TEQ and MEQ values. Thus, prolonged exposure to charcoal and charcoal dust might cause serious health problems. This applies to employees actively involved in the production and transport of charcoal and, to a lesser extent, users of this fuel. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzer-.},

note = {2},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85117950370,

title = {Research results of triaxial geomechanical tests of a coal sample in the light of tomographic tests [Wyniki badań testu wytrzymałościowego próbki węgla w świetle badań tomograficznych]},

author = { M. Dohnalik and P. Krakowska-Madejska and E. Puskarczyk and I. Jelonek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85117950370&doi=10.18668%2fNG.2021.01.01&partnerID=40&md5=f5c3ab5f8b2673c47af173ff457c3da1},

doi = {10.18668/NG.2021.01.01},

issn = {08678871},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Nafta - Gaz},

volume = {2021},

number = {1},

pages = {3-9},

publisher = {Oil and Gas Institute – National Research Institute},

abstract = {The study aimed to check the possibility of using computed tomography to observe fractures in coal samples before and after a triaxial compression test (TRX). The paper presents an innovative use of two specialized laboratory techniques: computed tomography and geomechanical triaxial compression test. Geomechanical tests were performed on a TRX-070, GCTS (USA) measuring triaxial system. A full stress-strain characteristic was recorded. Also, during the triaxial compression tests, the P and S wave velocities were measured and dynamic elastic moduli were determined. The results were compared. The sample was analyzed in two stages: CT measurement performed on raw coal sample (stage 1) and after the TRX test which destroyed the sample structure (stage 2). First, the sample was scanned reflecting the initial pores and microcracks system. The final stage represents the sample after the geomechanical test. A detailed pore structure analysis was performed for each of the stages. As a result of the proposed above-mentioned method, images of the pore structure were obtained after each step. The sample was analyzed for crack propagation and changes in the pore structure. The qualitative and quantitative interpretation was based on the determination of the number of voids, crack diameters, collapse angles, and comparison of the pore structure between the initial state of the sample and after the triaxial test. In the first stage (before the test), the largest object (identified as a microcrack) had a volume of approximately 16 mm3, after the sample was stress-tested (after the sample was destroyed), the largest identified object was about 15 times larger (240 mm3). It appeared that the coal sample was prone to fracturing in defined directions. Comprehensive research has demonstrated the legitimacy of using the proposed methodology to evaluate changes in the sample structure during the triaxial test. © 2021, Oil and Gas Institute – National Research Institute. All rights reserved.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85089147740,

title = {Environmental implications of the quality of charcoal briquettes and lump charcoal used for grilling},

author = { Z. Jelonek and A. Drobniak and M. Mastalerz and I. Jelonek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85089147740&doi=10.1016%2fj.scitotenv.2020.141267&partnerID=40&md5=eac714325f12add19c90a2cd767f60b0},

doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141267},

issn = {00489697},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Science of the Total Environment},

volume = {747},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {Numerous studies have been conducted to assess air pollution and human health risks arising from exposure to outdoor cooking, but limited standards have been implemented around the world to assure fuel quality. While charcoal briquettes and lumps are a popular fuel choice for grilling, almost no data specifying their properties are available to consumers. Because the properties of fuels affect the flue gases, it is critical to understand how the quality of grilling briquettes and lumps translates not only into the quality of the grilled food, but, even more importantly, how their emissions impact human safety and the environment. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the impacts of the quality of charcoal briquettes and lumps on potentially harmful emissions during grilling. To analyze their quality, we used reflected light microscopy to identify a range of contaminants, including biomass, mineral matter, coal, coke, metal, rust, plastics, glues, and synthetic resins, in 74 commercially available products made in Poland, the United States of America, Ukraine, Germany, Belarus, the Czech Republic, and the Republic of South Africa. Our data show that majority of the products analyzed do not meet the existing quality standard EN 1860-2:2005 (E) of less than 1% contaminants, some of these products contain up to 26.6% of impurities. The amount of contaminants correlates with particulate matter, as well as CO and CO2. The contribution of biomass is especially significant because it can be used to predict harmful particulate matter emissions during grilling. The relationship between the composition of charcoal briquettes and lump charcoal and their emissions is particularly strong during the first 15 to 20 min after ignition (when emissions are the highest), therefore, this initial stage is especially unsafe to consumers, and staying away from the grill during this time is recommended. © 2020 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {18},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85082727056,

title = {Assessing pellet fuels quality: A novel application for reflected light microscopy},

author = { Z. Jelonek and A. Drobniak and M. Mastalerz and I. Jelonek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85082727056&doi=10.1016%2fj.coal.2020.103433&partnerID=40&md5=8f432cbf35a4b89e20b12a9d092e5241},

doi = {10.1016/j.coal.2020.103433},

issn = {01665162},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Coal Geology},

volume = {222},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {As the interest in the renewable resources has been increasing worldwide, the wood pellet sector has the potential to become a mainstream fuel of the future in the heat market. This development is especially noted in the European Union countries which consumed 50 % of global wood pellets in 2018. While only about 2 % of the United States energy consumption was derived from wood and wood waste in 2018, the U.S. pellet production continues to grow exponentially due to high demand from overseas markets. The U.S. pellet production was 8.2 million tons in 2018, making the United States the second largest producer of pellets in the world, surpassed only by China. In this growing market, a question has emerged: How can pellet quality be reliably assured? Current standards test the quality of pellets based on a variety of physical and chemical properties. However, some impurities in pellets (glass; plastic; metal; ceramics; coal; and coke) cannot be identified this way. Those impurities can have negative impacts on the environment, human health, and the durability of stoves. A quick and simple way to identify and quantify impurities in pellet fuels such as wood pellets and grilling briquettes is by using petrographic methods. In this study we used reflected light microscopy to identify a range of contaminants including bark, glass, plastic, coal, coke, slag, mineral matter, and metals in 514 commercially available wood pellets made in Poland, Ukraine, Germany, and the United States. Our results demonstrate that optical microscopy could become an effective tool for assessing the purity of wood pellets, and as such, it might be a valuable addition to physical and chemical tests used in the current standards. © 2020 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {7},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85077470990,

title = {Testing reproducibility of vitrinite and solid bitumen reflectance measurements in North American unconventional source-rock reservoir petroleum systems},

author = { P.C. Hackley and C.V. Araujo and A.G. Borrego and A. Bouzinos and B.J. Cardott and H. Carvajal-Ortiz and M.R. López Cely and V. Chabalala and P.J. Crosdale and T.D. Demchuk and C.F. Eble and D. Flores and A. Furmann and T. Gentzis and P.A. Gonçalves and C. Guvad and M. Hámor-Vidó and I. Jelonek and M.N. Johnston and T. Juliao-Lemus and S. Kalaitzidis and W.R. Knowles and J. Kus and Z. Li and G. Macleod and M. Mastalerz and T.R. Menezes and S. Ocubalidet and R. Orban and W. Pickel and P. Ranasinghe and J. Ribeiro and O.P. Gómez Rojas and R. Ruiz-Monroy and J.S. Schmidt and A. Seyedolali and G. Siavalas and I. Suárez-Ruiz and C.V. Vargas and B.J. Valentine and N.J. Wagner and B. Wrolson and J.E. Jaramillo Zapata},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85077470990&doi=10.1016%2fj.marpetgeo.2019.104172&partnerID=40&md5=54b9bdcba5174f1fcac4c519faae175a},

doi = {10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2019.104172},

issn = {02648172},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Marine and Petroleum Geology},

volume = {114},

publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},

abstract = {An interlaboratory study (ILS) was conducted to test reproducibility of vitrinite and solid bitumen reflectance measurements in six mudrock samples from United States unconventional source-rock reservoir petroleum systems. Samples selected from the Marcellus, Haynesville, Eagle Ford, Barnett, Bakken and Woodford are representative of resource plays currently under exploitation in North America. All samples are from marine depositional environments, are thermally mature (Tmax >445 °C) and have moderate to high organic matter content (2.9–11.6 wt% TOC). Their organic matter is dominated by solid bitumen, which contains intraparticle nano-porosity. Visual evaluation of organic nano-porosity (pore sizes < 100 nm) via SEM suggests that intraparticle organic nano-pores are most abundant in dry gas maturity samples and less abundant at lower wet gas/condensate and peak oil maturities. Samples were distributed to ILS participants in forty laboratories in the Americas, Europe, Africa and Australia; thirty-seven independent sets of results were received. Mean vitrinite reflectance (VRo) values from all ILS participants range from 0.90 to 1.83% whereas mean solid bitumen reflectance (BRo) values range from 0.85 to 2.04% (no outlying values excluded), confirming the thermally mature nature of all six samples. Using multiple statistical approaches to eliminate outlying values, we evaluated reproducibility limit R, the maximum difference between valid mean reflectance results obtained on the same sample by different operators in different laboratories using different instruments. Removal of outlying values where the individual signed multiple of standard deviation was >1.0 produced lowest R values, generally ≤0.5% (absolute reflectance), similar to a prior ILS for similar samples. Other traditional approaches to outlier removal (outside mean ± 1.5*interquartile range and outside F10 to F90 percentile range) also produced similar R values. Standard deviation values < 0.15*(VRo or BRo) reduce R and should be a requirement of dispersed organic matter reflectance analysis. After outlier removal, R values were 0.1%–0.2% for peak oil thermal maturity, about 0.3% for wet gas/condensate maturity and 0.4%–0.5% for dry gas maturity. That is, these R values represent the uncertainty (in absolute reflectance) that users of vitrinite and solid bitumen reflectance data should assign to any one individual reported mean reflectance value from a similar thermal maturity mudrock sample. R values of this magnitude indicate a need for further standardization of reflectance measurement of dispersed organic matter. Furthermore, these R values quantify realistic interlaboratory measurement dispersion for a difficult but critically important analytical technique necessary for thermal maturity determination in the source-rock reservoirs of unconventional petroleum systems. © 2019},

note = {14},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85083452123,

title = {The new meaning of solid fuels from lignocellulosic biomass used in low-emission automatic pellet boilers [Nowe znaczenie paliw stałych z biomasy lignocelulozowej stosowanych w niskoemisyjnych automatycznych kotłach na pellet]},

author = { T. Mirowski and M. Jach-Nocoń and I. Jelonek and A. Nocoń},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85083452123&doi=10.33223%2fepj%2f119620&partnerID=40&md5=a6d49a77df972d6d8653a7afde989594},

doi = {10.33223/epj/119620},

issn = {14296675},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Polityka Energetyczna},

volume = {23},

number = {1},

pages = {75-84},

publisher = {Mineral and Energy Economy Research Institute of the Polish Academy of Sciences},

abstract = {The energy obtained from biomass in the global balance of energy carriers is the largest source among all RES. It should be borne in mind that the share of biomass as an energy carrier in the total balance is as much as 14%. The basic sources of renewable energy used in Poland are the wind power industry and biomass. Organic chemical compounds are the source of chemical energy for biomass. The biomass can be used in a solid form (wood; straw) or after being converted to liquid (alcohol; bio-oil) or gas (biogas) form. Pellets, meaning, the type of fuel of natural origin created from biomass compressed under high pressure without the participation of any chemical adhesive substances are recognized as the most common and available grades of biomass. Wood pellets manufactured from sawdust, shaving, or woodchips are the most popular type of pellets on the market. Fuel created in the form of granules is very dense and can be manufactured with low humidity content, which translates into an exceptionally high burn efficiency. The authors of this article burned agro pellets from Miscanthus giganteus without additives and with solid catalyst and conducted a series of tests that determine the impact of boiler settings (blast power; time of feeding; chimney draft) on the process of burning fuel in real conditions. A solid catalyst was used to improve combustion conditions in one of the fuels. The catalyst burns carbon monoxide and reduces nitrogen oxides. The results in the form of observation of selected parameters are summarized in the table. © 2020. The Author(s). This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike International License (CC BY-SA 4.0; http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/), which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided that the Article is properly cited.},

note = {3},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85062829197,

title = {The optimal position of a pumping station in the mining area based on the digital terrain model},

author = { M. Poniewiera and I. Jelonek and W. Błaszczak-Bak},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85062829197&doi=10.2478%2fjwld-2019-0011&partnerID=40&md5=7dd1e50a0fb3e0b1841d3d4fa608de32},

doi = {10.2478/jwld-2019-0011},

issn = {14297426},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Water and Land Development},

volume = {40},

number = {1},

pages = {103-111},

publisher = {Sciendo},

abstract = {The purpose of the work described in the article was to find the optimal location of the pumping station for the mining area Krzyżowice III Hard Coal Mine "Pniówek". Mining exploitation causes lowering of the area and changes in water relations. Hence, it is necessary to perform a gravitational, and if it is impossible, forced outflow of water. Localization of the pumping station should assure removal of excess water and prevent flooding. Not only was the present relief taken into account, but also the entire period of the mine's existence. On the basis of the results of airborne laser scanning a digital terrain model (DTM) was generated. Then a catchment division was made for the entire analyzed area. The article presents the workflow of performing the simulation as the area will be changed due to forecasted mining operations. A practical way to solve the problem of simplifying large amounts of data was also shown. The obtained source materials were developed with the use of the Geolisp software. The system operates in a CAD graphic environment and allows for automation of the most frequently performed works in the field of mining map preparation. The Geolisp cooperates with EDN-OPN program. Thanks to this fact it is possible to combine the obtained results of calculations of predicted deformations of the mining area and the rock mass with the digital map. © 2019 Marian Poniewiera et al.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85057477429,

title = {Petrographic composition of coals and products of coal combustion from the selected combined heat and power plants (CHP) and heating plants in Upper Silesia, Poland},

author = { Z. Mirkowski and I. Jelonek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85057477429&doi=10.1016%2fj.coal.2018.11.014&partnerID=40&md5=382ef2c07f95af82efb2186115c115af},

doi = {10.1016/j.coal.2018.11.014},

issn = {01665162},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Coal Geology},

volume = {201},

pages = {102-108},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {Coal samples and by-products resulting from the combustion process collected from seven combined heat and power (CHP) plants and heating plants located in Upper Silesia, southern Poland, were subjected to petrographic analysis. The coal used as a fuel in these plants was collected from mines of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin; it occurs in a wide range of coalification and has variable quality parameters. The coal is dominated by macerals from the vitrinite group; however, a high content of macerals from the inertinite group has also been observed. Based on petrographic analysis of ash and slags, a highly variable mineral matter content, confirming variable combustion efficiency, has been found. In the case of samples collected from large CHP plants with pulverized and fluidized bed boilers, the mineral matter content is high. The share of mineral matter in combustion products clearly decreases in the case of smaller power plants and heating plants, especially those using grate boilers. The increased content of unburned coal can be explained by the fact that coals of higher rank are often used as fuels in the mentioned plants. The greatest diversity of char forms can be observed in the case of samples collected from small CHP plants. In the case of three samples of slag, collected from small heating plants using grate boilers, additional presence of coke, thermally altered, and unaltered coal has also been found. © 2018},

note = {7},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85081302824,

title = {The quality of wood pellets used in automatic class 5 Ecodesign boilers on the retail market in the context of air protection in Poland},

author = { M. Jach-Nocoń and A. Nocoń and T. Mirowski and I. Jelonek and Z. Jelonek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85081302824&doi=10.33223%2fepj%2f105528&partnerID=40&md5=9ac65e255027614cc5c39cab3a50e028},

doi = {10.33223/epj/105528},

issn = {14296675},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Polityka Energetyczna},

volume = {22},

number = {1},

pages = {127-140},

publisher = {Mineral and Energy Economy Research Institute of the Polish Academy of Sciences},

abstract = {Wood pellets, commonly referred to as biomass fuel, are increasingly used in heating and district heating in the European Union countries, including Poland. Their use in class 5 and/or Ecodesign boilers enables an individual consumer to use energy from renewable sources, reduce the environmental burden by reducing the emission of harmful compounds, and provides a sense of comfort by automating the boiler system. The article presents the current situation in the global wood pellet market, describes the basic quality standards applicable to this fuel during production, and indicates the difficulties in the implementation of programs co-financing the replacement of obsolete coal-fired boilers with automatic class 5 biomass-fired boilers. The research presented in this article is focused on the presence of contaminants in the DIN Plus, EN Plus, and A1 pellets, as well as in non-certified pellets. The analysis has shown that the use of wood pellets containing prohibited substances negatively affects boiler operation and contributes to the formation of slag and the emission of harmful compounds, making the discussed fuel non-ecological. © 2019 Polityka Energetyczna. All rights reserved.},

note = {3},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85053403913,

title = {The organic matter composition of the Devonian/Carboniferous deposits (South Flank of Arbuckle Anticline, Oklahoma, USA)},

author = { M. Kondas and P. Filipiak and M. Paszkowski and A. Pisarzowska and R.D. Elmore and I. Jelonek and M. Kasprzyk},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85053403913&doi=10.1016%2fj.coal.2018.08.010&partnerID=40&md5=2da3ef636abe6431aff6cce35e221a6e},

doi = {10.1016/j.coal.2018.08.010},

issn = {01665162},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Coal Geology},

volume = {198},

pages = {88-99},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {The palynological investigation was carried out on the Woodford Shale and Sycamore Limestone samples from Interstate 35 roadcut section (I-35) on the south flank of the Arbuckle Anticline (Oklahoma; USA). All samples were collected from the 54 m long section. According to palynostratigraphy, the section was tentatively divided into three stages: Frasnian, Famennian and Tournaisian but due to poor miospores representation it was not possible to establish any single miospore zone. All samples were strongly dominated by the amorphous organic matter and by marine palynomorphs, mostly prasinophytes. The analysis of the relative frequency, fluctuations in acritarchs diversity, and morphotype variability generally suggest deposition in an open-marine, deep-water basin. Based on palynofacies analysis, the section was divided into three palynofacies: lowest (fully marine; I), middle (fully marine but closer to the shoreline; II), and the topmost palynofacies (III) which was also marine, but with a weak regressive signal. © 2018 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {1},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85025114939,

title = {Thermal history of the lower Carboniferous Culm Basin in the NÍzkÝ JesenÍk Mts. (NE Bohemian Massif, Czech republic and Poland)},

author = { D. Botor and T. Toboła and I. Jelonek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85025114939&doi=10.14241%2fasgp.2017.002&partnerID=40&md5=88ca37fabbac0e59277898b29049be60},

doi = {10.14241/asgp.2017.002},

issn = {02089068},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae},

volume = {87},

number = {1},

pages = {13-40},

publisher = {Geological Society of Poland},

abstract = {Raman microspectroscopy of organic matter, vitrinite reflectance and fluid inclusion data were used to reconstruct the thermal history in the lower Carboniferous accretionary prism of the Culm Basin in the Nízký Jeseník Mts. (NE Bohemian Massif). The model involves the Variscan (mid–late Carboniferous) burial diagenesis, which was overprinted by a post-Variscan, probably Permian and/or early Mesozoic, thermal pulse(s) in its central and western parts. The latter may have been related to advective heat transport and the circulation of hot fluids. In the siliciclastic rocks of the Culm Basin, the maximum palaeotemperatures varied from ~200 ± 30 °C in the E (in the Hradec-Kyjovice Formation) to ~350 ± 30 °C in the NW (in the Andĕlská Hora Formation). © 2017, Geological Society of Poland. All rights reserved.},

note = {7},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84928818108,

title = {Relationships between quality of coals, resulting cokes, and micro-Raman spectral characteristics of these cokes},

author = { R. Morga and I. Jelonek and K.J. Kruszewska and W. Szulik},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84928818108&doi=10.1016%2fj.coal.2015.04.006&partnerID=40&md5=452772691ff68d3185869be93ededb9f},

doi = {10.1016/j.coal.2015.04.006},

issn = {01665162},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Coal Geology},

volume = {144-145},

pages = {130-137},

publisher = {Elsevier},

abstract = {The research was carried out on 18 single-coal cokes obtained in semi-industrial conditions from different parent coals (Rr=0.84-1.43%). Coke microstructure was investigated by micro-Raman spectroscopy with application of the streamline mode. The obtained Raman spectra are typical for poorly organized carbonaceous material. Correlations were found between the volatile matter content, all maceral reflectance scan, mean random vitrinite reflectance and carbon content of the parent coals, and the full width in half maximum (FWHM) of the D2 and G bands in the Raman spectra of the resulting cokes. There is a non-linear relationship between dilatation and the G band FWHM. Coke reactivity index (CRI) and coke strength after reaction (CSR) are correlated with the D2, G and D4 band FWHMs. Based on the G and D2 band widths, it is possible to predict roughly the CSR and CRI values of cokes. © 2015 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {62},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85027924353,

title = {Petrographic and geochemical investigation of coal slurries and of the products resulting from their combustion},

author = { I. Jelonek and Z. Mirkowski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85027924353&doi=10.1016%2fj.coal.2015.02.005&partnerID=40&md5=ee83a0c4beaaae9083809a02ce265827},

doi = {10.1016/j.coal.2015.02.005},

issn = {01665162},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Coal Geology},

volume = {139},

number = {1},

pages = {228-236},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {Coal slurry is a fine-grained (<. 1. mm) by-product of coal washing. In the past, coal slurries were deposited in settling ponds as a waste. Currently, with the introduction of fluidized bed boilers in the Polish energy sector, coal slurries are used as a fuel.Compared to coal, coal slurries (analyzed in the paper) are characterized by a high content of macerals of the inertinite group, with inertodetrinite dominant. Among macerals of the vitrinite and liptinite groups, a high content of detrial macerals also merit attention. The mineral composition of coal slurries is close to that of coal, although coals are characterized by a slightly higher mineral variability.Unburned organic matter in the ash resulting from burning a mixture of coal and coal slurry is dominated by detritus (<. 10. μm). The high content of detritus in the ash may partially result from a very high content of detrial macerals in coal slurries. A small share of solid forms and inerdoids in the ash reflect the generally reactive nature of the inertinite present in coal slurries.X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy of ash samples reveal quartz, anhydrite, mica, hematite, feldspar, calcite and portlandite in the ash. Metakaolinite, hydrophilite, dolomite, iron oxides, calcium oxide and aluminosilicates occur in smaller quantities. © 2015 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {9},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84906222841,

title = {Standardization of reflectance measurements in dispersed organic matter: Results of an exercise to improve interlaboratory agreement},

author = { P.C. Hackley and C.V. Araujo and A.G. Borrego and A. Bouzinos and B.J. Cardott and A.C. Cook and C.F. Eble and D. Flores and T. Gentzis and P.A. Gonçalves and J.G. Mendonça Filho and M. Hámor-Vidó and I. Jelonek and K. Kommeren and W.R. Knowles and J. Kus and M. Mastalerz and T.R. Menezes and J. Newman and I.K. Oikonomopoulos and M. Pawlewicz and W. Pickel and J. Potter and P. Ranasinghe and H. Read and J. Reyes and G.D.L. Rosa Rodriguez and I.V. Alves Fernandes de Souza and I. Suárez-Ruiz and I. Sýkorová and B.J. Valentine},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84906222841&doi=10.1016%2fj.marpetgeo.2014.07.015&partnerID=40&md5=706065637b6795157db0f7458b850d09},

doi = {10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2014.07.015},

issn = {02648172},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Marine and Petroleum Geology},

volume = {59},

pages = {22-34},

publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},

abstract = {Vitrinite reflectance generally is considered the most robust thermal maturity parameter available for application to hydrocarbon exploration and petroleum system evaluation. However, until 2011 there was no standardized methodology available to provide guidelines for vitrinite reflectance measurements in shale. Efforts to correct this deficiency resulted in publication of ASTM D7708: Standard test method for microscopical determination of the reflectance of vitrinite dispersed in sedimentary rocks. In 2012-2013, an interlaboratory exercise was conducted to establish precision limits for the D7708 measurement technique. Six samples, representing a wide variety of shale, were tested in duplicate by 28 analysts in 22 laboratories from 14 countries. Samples ranged from immature to overmature (0.31-1.53% Ro), from organic-lean to organic-rich (1-22wt.% total organic carbon), and contained Type I (lacustrine), Type II (marine), and Type III (terrestrial) kerogens. Repeatability limits (maximum difference between valid repetitive results from same operator; same conditions) ranged from 0.03 to 0.11% absolute reflectance, whereas reproducibility limits (maximum difference between valid results obtained on same test material by different operators; different laboratories) ranged from 0.12 to 0.54% absolute reflectance. Repeatability and reproducibility limits degraded consistently with increasing maturity and decreasing organic content. However, samples with terrestrial kerogens (Type III) fell off this trend, showing improved levels of reproducibility due to higher vitrinite content and improved ease of identification. Operators did not consistently meet the reporting requirements of the test method, indicating that a common reporting template is required to improve data quality. The most difficult problem encountered was the petrographic distinction of solid bitumens and low-reflecting inert macerals from vitrinite when vitrinite occurred with reflectance ranges overlapping the other components. Discussion among participants suggested this problem could not be easily corrected via kerogen concentration or solvent extraction and is related to operator training and background. No statistical difference in mean reflectance was identified between participants reporting bitumen reflectance vs. vitrinite reflectance vs. a mixture of bitumen and vitrinite reflectance values, suggesting empirical conversion schemes should be treated with caution. Analysis of reproducibility limits obtained during this exercise in comparison to reproducibility limits from historical interlaboratory exercises suggests use of a common methodology (D7708) improves interlaboratory precision. Future work will investigate opportunities to improve reproducibility in high maturity, organic-lean shale varieties. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.},

note = {121},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84908402339,

title = {Relationship between coking coal quality and its micro-Raman spectral characteristics},

author = { R. Morga and I. Jelonek and K.J. Kruszewska},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84908402339&doi=10.1016%2fj.coal.2014.09.013&partnerID=40&md5=e91eebc587fc0bb0b73a781739f0e7f0},

doi = {10.1016/j.coal.2014.09.013},

issn = {01665162},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Coal Geology},

volume = {134-135},

pages = {17-23},

publisher = {Elsevier},

abstract = {Micro-Raman spectroscopy examination of 20 samples of coking coals (Rr=0.84-1.43%) was performed. Spectral parameters were correlated with the basic rank and technological properties of coals. The G band FWHM and the AG/AALL ratio decrease with the volatile matter content (Vdaf) decrease and the all maceral reflectance scan (Rscan) value increase. The correlations between these parameters are stronger than those, between the G band FWHM and the AG/AALL ratio, and the mean random vitrinite reflectance (Rr). Coking properties are weakly related to the Raman spectral characteristics of coal. Based on the Raman parameters G band FWHM and the AG/AALL ratio, it may be possible to evaluate the volatile matter content (Vdaf) and the all maceral reflectance scan (Rscan) value for coking coals. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {48},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84879015379,

title = {Reservoir parameters and maceral composition of coal in different carboniferous lithostratigraphical series of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin, Poland},

author = { S. Kędzior and I. Jelonek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84879015379&doi=10.1016%2fj.coal.2012.08.007&partnerID=40&md5=420892848418269db55cf943382e3ac2},

doi = {10.1016/j.coal.2012.08.007},

issn = {01665162},

year  = {2013},

date = {2013-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Coal Geology},

volume = {111},

pages = {98-105},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {Laboratory tests were carried out on coal samples taken from mine openings of selected coal mines in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin. The analyses involved maceral composition (vitrinite; inertinite and liptinite group) and vitrinite reflectance on the one hand, and reservoir parameters (coal permeability and effective porosity) on the other. The results are compared. Samples with high values of coal permeability are characterized by vitrinite contents of ca 60%, and samples with the lowest permeability by vitrinite contents of 40%. The vitrinite-rich bright coals are brittle and prone to crushing caused by tectonic pressures. Moreover, coal permeability is more strongly anisotropic in the bright coals of the Cracow Sandstone and the Mudstone Series than in the dull coals of the Upper Silesian Sandstone Series. In bright coals, permeability is much along the direction parallel to vitrain layers. Good reservoir parameters such as permeability and effective porosity are crucial for fluid flow through the coal seams and, thus, successful coalbed methane exploitation. In the Upper Silesian Coal Basin, Cracow Sandstone- and Mudstone Series with vitrinite-rich coals should be a good target, though serious geological problems must first be overcome. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {24},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-34249331686,

title = {Liptinite as an indicator of environmental changes during formation of coal seam No. 207 (Upper Silesia, Poland)},

author = { I. Jelonek and K.J. Kruszewska and P. Filipiak},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-34249331686&doi=10.1016%2fj.coal.2006.10.003&partnerID=40&md5=4b17b1d2c186696440ff7f9eefb6586f},

doi = {10.1016/j.coal.2006.10.003},

issn = {01665162},

year  = {2007},

date = {2007-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Coal Geology},

volume = {71},

number = {4},

pages = {471-487},

abstract = {The coal seam No. 207 was a subject of palynological and petrographic studies. According to the results of the vitrinite random reflectance measurements supplemented by moisture and calorific value determinations, the rank of this coal is matching the boundary between sub-bituminous and bituminous coals. The aim was to reconstruct the environmental conditions during the biochemical stage of seam formation, as well as the facies development throughout the seam profile. The maceral (incident and fluorescence mode) and microlithotype compositions (incident light) supplemented by palynological analyses, show that there were two main facies developments. In the authors opinion, they correspond with a phase of ombrogenous, raised bog marked by the presence of crassidurite with Densosporites variabilis and a wet-forest swamp phase represented by vitrite and clarite with more diverse spore assemblage including densospores. Other minor but distinctive sediments, a cannel layer and a reeds facies, both occurring in the lower part of the seam. Above the tonstein horizon, a dry forest type of sedimentation is recognized. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},

note = {6},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}