@article{2-s2.0-85178248440,

title = {Monitoring glacier calving using underwater sound},

author = { J. Tegowski and O. Glowacki and M. Ciepły and M. Błaszczyk and J.A. Jania and M. Moskalik and P. Blondel and G.B. Deane},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85178248440&doi=10.5194%2ftc-17-4447-2023&partnerID=40&md5=76e6bad9e70426a0fed2f7f81f1823f7},

doi = {10.5194/tc-17-4447-2023},

issn = {19940416},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Cryosphere},

volume = {17},

number = {10},

pages = {4447-4461},

publisher = {Copernicus Publications},

abstract = {Climate shifts are particularly conspicuous in glaciated areas. Satellite and terrestrial observations show significant increases in the melting and breakup of tidewater glaciers and their influence on sea level rise and ocean mixing. Increasing melt rates are creating an urgency to better understand the link between atmospheric and oceanic conditions and glacier frontal ablation through iceberg calving and melting. Elucidating this link requires a combination of short- and long-timescale measurements of terminus activity. Recent work has demonstrated the potential of using underwater sound to quantify the time and scale of calving events to yield integrated estimates of ice mass loss . Here, we present estimates of subaerial calving flux using underwater sound recorded at Hansbreen, Svalbard, in September 2013 combined with an algorithm for the automatic detection of calving events. The method is compared with ice calving volumes estimated from geodetic measurements of the movement of the glacier terminus and an analysis of satellite images. The total volume of above-water calving during the 26 d of acoustical observation is estimated to be 1.7±0.7×107 m3, whereas the subaerial calving flux estimated by traditional methods is 7±2×106 m3. The results suggest that passive cryoacoustics is a viable technique for long-term monitoring of mass loss from marine-terminating glaciers. © 2023 Jarosław Tȩgowski et al.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85160435183,

title = {The Response of Tidewater Glacier Termini Positions in Hornsund (Svalbard) to Climate Forcing, 1992–2020},

author = { M. Błaszczyk and M. Moskalik and M. Grabiec and J.A. Jania and W. Walczowski and T. Wawrzyniak and A. Strzelewicz and E. Malnes and T.R. Lauknes and W.T. Pfeffer},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85160435183&doi=10.1029%2f2022JF006911&partnerID=40&md5=dc95001610336e4ec515faf745ffe57a},

doi = {10.1029/2022JF006911},

issn = {21699003},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface},

volume = {128},

number = {5},

publisher = {John Wiley and Sons Inc},

abstract = {Many Arctic marine-terminating glaciers have undergone rapid retreats in recent decades. Seasonal and year-to-year variations in terminus position act on all tidewater glaciers, but the key controls on those changes vary from region to region. Here, we examined seasonal and decadal changes in termini positions of seven tidewater glaciers in the inner part of Hornsund, the southernmost fjord of Spitsbergen (Svalbard Archipelago), based on a variety of data from 1992 to 2020. Combining satellite imagery, basic meteorological data (air temperature; positive degree day index (PDD); liquid precipitation), sea surface temperature (SST), mean temperature in the glacier forefield bays, fast sea ice cover, and bathymetry near the glacier front, we examined the influence of potential controlling parameters on interannual and seasonal variability of the glacier termini. We found regional synchrony between terminus advance/retreat and climate variables. At a regional scale, annual fluctuation changes are related to PDD and SST, while summer fluctuations are linked to PDD, although individual glaciers are shown to have differing sensitivities to potential climate drivers. We also found that the retreat period in Hornsund generally lasts from June to October-December. Onset of the retreat is related to sea and air temperature, and in some cases follows the disappearance of the ice cover. These results indicate that the expected increase in meltwater runoff in Svalbard, the input of relatively warm Atlantic water to the fjord, and the increasing trend of longer summer and warmer winter periods will have implications for glacier velocity and frontal ablation. © 2023. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.},

note = {1},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85147953337,

title = {Comparison of Three Methods for Distinguishing Glacier Zones Using Satellite SAR Data},

author = { B. Barzycka and M. Grabiec and J.A. Jania and M. Błaszczyk and F. Pálsson and M. Laska and D. Ignatiuk and G.T. Aðalgeirsdóttir},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85147953337&doi=10.3390%2frs15030690&partnerID=40&md5=46905b190033ecb0b5adfdc1b88c422e},

doi = {10.3390/rs15030690},

issn = {20724292},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Remote Sensing},

volume = {15},

number = {3},

publisher = {MDPI},

abstract = {Changes in glacier zones (e.g.; firn; superimposed ice; ice) are good indicators of glacier response to climate change. There are few studies of glacier zone detection by SAR that are focused on more than one ice body and validated by terrestrial data. This study is unique in terms of the dataset collected—four C- and L-band quad-pol satellite SAR images, Ground Penetrating Radar data, shallow glacier cores—and the number of land ice bodies analyzed, namely, three tidewater glaciers in Svalbard and one ice cap in Iceland. The main aim is to assess how well popular methods of SAR analysis perform in distinguishing glacier zones, regardless of factors such as the morphologic differences of the ice bodies, or differences in SAR data. We test and validate three methods of glacier zone detection: (1) Gaussian Mixture Model–Expectation Maximization (GMM-EM) clustering of dual-pol backscattering coefficient (sigma0); (2) GMM-EM of quad-pol Pauli decomposition; and (3) quad-pol H/α Wishart segmentation. The main findings are that the unsupervised classification of both sigma0 and Pauli decomposition are promising methods for distinguishing glacier zones. The former performs better at detecting the firn zone on SAR images, and the latter in the superimposed ice zone. Additionally, C-band SAR data perform better than L-band at detecting firn, but the latter can potentially separate crevasses via the classification of sigma0 or Pauli decomposition. H/α Wishart segmentation resulted in inconsistent results across the tested cases and did not detect crevasses on L-band SAR data. © 2023 by the authors.},

note = {1},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85173433313,

title = {Seasonal changes in submarine melting mechanisms controlling frontal ablation of Hansbreen, Svalbard},

author = { M. Ciepły and D. Ignatiuk and M. Moskalik and J.A. Jania and B. Luks and O. Glowacki and K. Wojtysiak},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85173433313&doi=10.1017%2fjog.2023.69&partnerID=40&md5=289810dbd35485e0d4e3e63b90844f87},

doi = {10.1017/jog.2023.69},

issn = {00221430},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Glaciology},

publisher = {Cambridge University Press},

abstract = {We describe the annual pattern of frontal ablation driven by submarine melting mechanisms at the Hansbreen terminus: these are reflected in the intensity and spatial distribution of calving events. Analysis of time-lapse images of the Hansbreen front in conjunction with oceanographic and meteorological data shows that calving intensity is driven primarily by seawater temperature. Regression analysis also highlights the importance of air temperature, which we take to be a proxy for surface ablation and subglacial discharge. This, combined with seasonal changes in ice cliff tortuosity and the increasing significance of wave motion outside the ablation season, enabled us to determine seasonal changes in the mechanisms of ice cliff undercutting by submarine melting. While submarine melting controlled by estuarine circulation primarily drives frontal ablation in summer, wave-driven melting at the waterline is more important outside the ablation season. During winter, ice cliff undercutting by melting is suspended by low seawater temperature, negligible subglacial water discharge and sea-ice cover. The most intense frontal ablation, recorded in summer, was related to higher sea temperature and vigorous estuarine circulation. Copyright © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The International Glaciological Society.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85164364683,

title = {Progress toward globally complete frontal ablation estimates of marine-terminating glaciers},

author = { W.H. Kochtitzky and L. Copland and W. van Wychen and R. Hock and D.R. Rounce and H. Jiskoot and T.A. Scambos and M. Morlighem and M.D. King and L. Cha and L. Gould and P.M. Merrill and A.F. Glazovsky and R. Hugonnet and T. Strozzi and B.P.Y. Noël and F.J. Navarro and R. Millan and J.A. Dowdeswell and A.J. Cook and A. Dalton and S.A. Khan and J.A. Jania},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85164364683&doi=10.1017%2faog.2023.35&partnerID=40&md5=5c98994876d6764405f77e506ff82269},

doi = {10.1017/aog.2023.35},

issn = {02603055},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Annals of Glaciology},

publisher = {Cambridge University Press},

abstract = {Knowledge of frontal ablation from marine-terminating glaciers (i.e.; mass lost at the calving face) is critical for constraining glacier mass balance, improving projections of mass change, and identifying the processes that govern frontal mass loss. Here, we discuss the challenges involved in computing frontal ablation and the unique issues pertaining to both glaciers and ice sheets. Frontal ablation estimates require numerous datasets, including glacier terminus area change, thickness, surface velocity, density, and climatic mass balance. Observations and models of these variables have improved over the past decade, but significant gaps and regional discrepancies remain, and better quantification of temporal variability in frontal ablation is needed. Despite major advances in satellite-derived large-scale datasets, large uncertainties remain with respect to ice thickness, depth-averaged velocities, and the bulk density of glacier ice close to calving termini or grounding lines. We suggest ways in which we can move toward globally complete frontal ablation estimates, highlighting areas where we need improved datasets and increased collaboration. © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The International Glaciological Society.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85159260040,

title = {Surges in Three Svalbard Glaciers Derived from Historic Sources and Geomorphic Features},

author = { P. Zagórski and K. Frydrych and J.A. Jania and M. Błaszczyk and M. Sund and M. Moskalik},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85159260040&doi=10.1080%2f24694452.2023.2200487&partnerID=40&md5=271ab95a17c817b59a9d529a953a5fad},

doi = {10.1080/24694452.2023.2200487},

issn = {24694452},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Annals of the American Association of Geographers},

volume = {113},

number = {8},

pages = {1835-1855},

publisher = {Taylor and Francis Ltd.},

abstract = {Surge-type glaciers in Svalbard are common and have been studied extensively. Whereas active phases of surges were observed and thoroughly investigated recently, data on surges in the past are limited. They are essential, however, to assess the duration of the surge cycle, to determine relation to climatic impulses, and to better understand triggering factors and the mechanism of this phenomenon. Three glaciers located in Recherchefjorden, NW Wedel Jarlsberg Land (Svalbard) were studied because they undergo the same regional climate conditions but differ by the basin’s size and morphology front types. The article employed different types of data, including geomorphological records, cartographic, graphic, and bibliographic sources. These sources permitted the determination of the location of the termini of glaciers and the quantitative and qualitative description of the rate of changes determined with computer analysis and statistical compilation. Such analysis of other data sources enabled the reconstruction of glaciers’ behavior in the past. Glacier surges in the study area correspond with this type of phenomenon in Svalbard. The results obtained showed a certain synchronization of surges in the 1820s and 1830s, the 1880s, the first half of the twentieth century, and particularly the last decade. © 2023 by American Association of Geographers.},

note = {1},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85139659172,

title = {The unquantified mass loss of Northern Hemisphere marine-terminating glaciers from 2000–2020},

author = { W.H. Kochtitzky and L. Copland and W. van Wychen and R. Hugonnet and R. Hock and J.A. Dowdeswell and T.J. Benham and T. Strozzi and A.F. Glazovsky and I. Lavrentiev and D.R. Rounce and R. Millan and A.J. Cook and A. Dalton and H. Jiskoot and J. Cooley and J.A. Jania and F.J. Navarro},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85139659172&doi=10.1038%2fs41467-022-33231-x&partnerID=40&md5=b978820682a9427ffed433c0cb030ed1},

doi = {10.1038/s41467-022-33231-x},

issn = {20411723},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Nature Communications},

volume = {13},

number = {1},

publisher = {Nature Research},

abstract = {In the Northern Hemisphere, ~1500 glaciers, accounting for 28% of glacierized area outside the Greenland Ice Sheet, terminate in the ocean. Glacier mass loss at their ice-ocean interface, known as frontal ablation, has not yet been comprehensively quantified. Here, we estimate decadal frontal ablation from measurements of ice discharge and terminus position change from 2000 to 2020. We bias-correct and cross-validate estimates and uncertainties using independent sources. Frontal ablation of marine-terminating glaciers contributed an average of 44.47 ± 6.23 Gt a−1 of ice to the ocean from 2000 to 2010, and 51.98 ± 4.62 Gt a−1 from 2010 to 2020. Ice discharge from 2000 to 2020 was equivalent to 2.10 ± 0.22 mm of sea-level rise and comprised approximately 79% of frontal ablation, with the remainder from terminus retreat. Near-coastal areas most impacted include Austfonna, Svalbard, and central Severnaya Zemlya, the Russian Arctic, and a few Alaskan fjords. © 2022, The Author(s).},

note = {8},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85130054615,

title = {Holocene ice-free strait followed by dynamic Neoglacial fluctuations: Hornsund, Svalbard},

author = { A. Osika and J.A. Jania and J.E. Szafraniec},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85130054615&doi=10.1177%2f09596836221088232&partnerID=40&md5=cdfd64745ba2fcf45d2e2e2ed421500e},

doi = {10.1177/09596836221088232},

issn = {09596836},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Holocene},

volume = {32},

number = {7},

pages = {664-679},

publisher = {SAGE Publications Ltd},

abstract = {The recession of the Hornbreen-Hambergbreen glaciers (Hornsund; Svalbard) will lead to the formation of a strait between the Greenland and Barents Seas within a few decades. We provide evidence for the earlier existence of this strait, in the Early–Middle Holocene and presumably since 1.3 ka cal. BP until glacier advance 0.7 ± 0.3 ka or earlier. Radiocarbon dating of mollusc shells from the ground moraines in the Hornbreen forefield indicate the existence of the marine environment at the contemporary glacierized head of Hornsund since 10.9 ka cal. BP or earlier due to glacier retreat. The gap in the radiocarbon dates between 3.9 and 1.3 ka cal. BP and the published results of 10Be exposure dating on Treskelen suggest the strait’s closure after glacier advance in the Neoglacial. Subsequent re-opening occurred around 1.3 ka cal. BP, but according to 10Be dates from Treskelen, the strait has again been closed since ca. 0.7 ± 0.3 ka or earlier. The oldest known surge of Hornbreen occurred around 1900. Analysis of Landsat satellite images, morphometric indicators characterizing the glacier frontal zones and previous studies indicate one surge of Hambergbreen (1957–1968) and five re-advances of Hornbreen in the 20th century (after 1936; between 1958 and 1962; in 1986–1990; 1998–1999; 2011). While the warmer Holocene intervals might be a benchmark for the effects of future climate change, glacier dynamics in post-Little Ice Age climate warming seems to be an analogue of glacier retreats and re-advances in the earlier periods of the Holocene. © The Author(s) 2022.},

note = {1},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85130244205,

title = {A decade of glaciological and meteorological observations in the Arctic (Werenskioldbreen, Svalbard)},

author = { D. Ignatiuk and M. Błaszczyk and T. Budzik and M. Grabiec and J.A. Jania and M. Kondracka and M. Laska and Ł. Małarzewski and Ł. Stachnik},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85130244205&doi=10.5194%2fessd-14-2487-2022&partnerID=40&md5=8056e47ce7607db329b08a2602f71612},

doi = {10.5194/essd-14-2487-2022},

issn = {18663508},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Earth System Science Data},

volume = {14},

number = {5},

pages = {2487-2500},

publisher = {Copernicus Publications},

abstract = {The warming of the Arctic climate is well documented, but the mechanisms of Arctic amplification are still not fully understood. Thus, monitoring of glaciological and meteorological variables and the environmental response to accelerated climate warming must be continued and developed in Svalbard. Long-term meteorological observations carried out in situ on glaciers in conjunction with glaciological monitoring are rare in the Arctic and significantly expand our knowledge about processes in the polar environment. This study presents glaciological and meteorological data collected for 2009-2020 in southern Spitsbergen (Werenskioldbreen). The meteorological data are composed of air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, short-wave and long-wave upwelling and downwelling radiation on 10gmin, hourly and daily resolution (2009-2020). The snow dataset includes 49 data records from 2009 to 2019 with the snow depth, snow bulk density and snow water equivalent data. The glaciological data consist of seasonal and annual surface mass balance measurements (point and glacier-wide) for 2009-2020. The paper also includes modelling of the daily glacier surface ablation (2009-2020) based on the presented data. The datasets are expected to serve as local forcing data in hydrological and glaciological models as well as validation of calibration of remote sensing products. The datasets are available from the Polish Polar Database (https://ppdb.us.edu.pl/; last access: 24 May 2022) and Zenodo (10.5281/zenodo.6528321; Ignatiuk; 2021a; 10.5281/zenodo.5792168; Ignatiuk; 2021b). © 2022 EDP Sciences. All rights reserved.},

note = {6},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85130215194,

title = {Hydrogeological Model of the Forefield Drainage System of Werenskioldbreen, Svalbard},

author = { K. Stachniak and S.S. Sitek and D. Ignatiuk and J.A. Jania},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85130215194&doi=10.3390%2fw14091514&partnerID=40&md5=89e806fc545c2eaed1e13fa1228643f2},

doi = {10.3390/w14091514},

issn = {20734441},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Water (Switzerland)},

volume = {14},

number = {9},

publisher = {MDPI},

abstract = {The significant recession of Arctic glaciers caused by climate warming is expanding their proglacial zones. Thus, their importance for the hydrology of glacierised basins is growing. In contrast to the surface waters in such areas, the role of groundwater in the hydrological balance of Svalbard catchments is poorly known. This paper presents the hydrogeological conditions and groundwater flow within the permafrost active layer in the forefield of the Werenskioldbreen glacier basin (44.1 km2), 61% of which is glacierised. Based on field studies of groundwater in the 2017 ablation season and laboratory analyses of the hydrogeological properties of proglacial sediments, a three-dimensional groundwater flow model (FEFLOW) for part of the glacier forefield (4.8 km2) was developed. The main results show the components and characteristics of the groundwater balance and indicate the preferential groundwater flow paths. The volume of water retained in the sediments of the marginal zone is 1.0073 mln m3. The maximum potential free pore space that could be filled by water is 2.0689 mln m3. The calculated groundwater discharge for average conditions is 6076.9 m3 d−1, which is about 2% of the total seasonal catchment runoff from the main glacial river. The results of the spatial analysis for the groundwater depth and the groundwater flow directions are also presented. There need to be further detailed studies of hydrogeological processes in glacial basins in Svalbard in order to develop existing knowledge. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.},

note = {2},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85101556111,

title = {Factors Controlling Terminus Position of Hansbreen, a Tidewater Glacier in Svalbard},

author = { M. Błaszczyk and J.A. Jania and M. Ciepły and M. Grabiec and D. Ignatiuk and L. Kolondra and A. Kruss and B. Luks and M. Moskalik and T. Pastusiak and A. Strzelewicz and W. Walczowski and T. Wawrzyniak},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85101556111&doi=10.1029%2f2020JF005763&partnerID=40&md5=1ef236ce438063f6bcd65406aff0dd64},

doi = {10.1029/2020JF005763},

issn = {21699003},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface},

volume = {126},

number = {2},

publisher = {Blackwell Publishing Ltd},

abstract = {The mechanism of glacier recession and its climatic controls are complex processes that differ across the Arctic region. Here, we investigate factors influencing front variations of Hansbreen, a glacier terminated in Hornsund fjord (SW Svalbard). We apply remote sensing data to observe glacier front fluctuations between 1992 and 2015 and compare them to atmospheric and oceanographic data, sea water depth at the terminus and surface velocity. Rate of subglacial meltwater discharge approximated by the seasonal positive degree-day index (PDD) together with sea thermal conditions appear to be the main factors responsible for the fluctuations of the front of Hansbreen, while water depth at the front plays a secondary role. Taking into account ocean and air thermal conditions, the studied period has been divided into warm, cold and moderate years. The glacier retreated considerably throughout a bedrock overdeepening in the very warm period 2012–2014. This recession coincided with a slower ice flow due to intense subglacial runoff and increased submarine melting. The long-term retreat was interrupted by glacier advances in colder years, regardless of water depth at the front. The slower recession rate was the combined effect of decreased subglacial melting and increased glacier movement associated with lower subglacial runoff. Although the seasonal PDD is a good indicator of the front fluctuations, the duration of the retreat and advance periods are strongly correlated with the sea surface temperature. Expected climate warming and an increase of water temperature in the West Spitsbergen Current will stimulate further recession of Hansbreen in future. © 2020. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.},

note = {8},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85091253817,

title = {Changes of glacier facies on Hornsund glaciers (Svalbard) during the decade 2007–2017},

author = { B. Barzycka and M. Grabiec and M. Błaszczyk and D. Ignatiuk and M. Laska and J.O.M. Hagen and J.A. Jania},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85091253817&doi=10.1016%2fj.rse.2020.112060&partnerID=40&md5=b5780b8e8884ddd39b23acc4e892b50e},

doi = {10.1016/j.rse.2020.112060},

issn = {00344257},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Remote Sensing of Environment},

volume = {251},

publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},

abstract = {Changes in glacier facies (glacier zones), such as firn or superimposed ice (SI), are good indicators of glacier response to climate change. They are especially important for fast-warming Svalbard, where only a few glaciers are under glaciological mass balance monitoring. This paper presents a first study of changes of glacier facies extent for three tidewater glaciers located in southern Spitsbergen (Svalbard) and it is based on both satellite remote sensing and terrestrial data analysis, covering two time spans: 2007–2017 for Hansbreen and 2012–2017 for Storbreen and Hornbreen. Satellite remote sensing analysis include unsupervised classification of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data from both decommissioned (ENVISAT ASAR) and modern satellite missions (RADARSAT-2; Sentinel-1). The results of the SAR classification are compared to the information on glacier zones retrieved from terrestrial data, i.e. shallow cores and visual interpretation of 800 MHz Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) profiles. In addition, a novel application of the Internal Reflection Power (IRP) coefficient as an objective method of distinguishing glacier zones based on GPR data is discussed. Changes in glacier facies areas over time are analysed, as well as their correlation to Hansbreen's mass balance. The main finding of the study is that firn and SI of Hansbreen, Storbreen and Hornbreen significantly decreased over the study period. For example, due to continuous negative mass balance between 2010 and 2017, the contribution of firn area to Hansbreen's total area decreased ca. 14% (cumulative firn area loss during that time: ~45%) whereas since 2012 SI has not been distinguished as a vast area on this glacier. In addition, an east–west gradient of firn area loss was observed as a result of differences in local climate conditions. Therefore, for the common time span (i.e. 2012–2017) Hansbreen recorded a ca. 12% loss of firn contribution to glacier area whereas Hornbreen recorded ca. 9%. Finally, application of the IRP coefficient as an objective method of glacier zones discrimination by GPR data gave very good results, so the method is recommended for future analysis of glacier zones instead, or as a support, to popular visual interpretation of the GPR profiles. © 2020 Elsevier Inc.},

note = {5},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85081964757,

title = {Microbial communities from subglacial water of naled ice bodies in the forefield of Werenskioldbreen, Svalbard},

author = { S. Sułowicz and K. Bondarczuk and D. Ignatiuk and J.A. Jania and Z. Piotrowska-Seget},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85081964757&doi=10.1016%2fj.scitotenv.2020.138025&partnerID=40&md5=05556fab5373c731310fc10a0763a5d6},

doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138025},

issn = {00489697},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Science of the Total Environment},

volume = {723},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {We assessed the structure of microbial communities in the subglacial drainage system of the Werenskioldbreen glacier, Svalbard, which consists of three independent channels. Dome-shaped naled ice bodies that had been forming and releasing subglacial water in the glacial forefield during accumulations season were used to study glacial microbiome. We tested the hypothesis that the properties of the water transported by these channels are site-dependent and influence bacterial diversity. We therefore established the phylogenetic structure of the subglacial microbial communities using next generation sequencing (NGS) of the 16S rRNA gene and performed bioinformatics analyses. A total of 1409 OTUs (operational taxonomic units) belonged to 40 phyla; mostly Proteobacteria, Gracilibacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria and Parcubacteria were identified. Sites located on the edge of Werenskioldbreen forefield (Angell; Kvisla) were mainly dominated by Betaproteobacteria. In the central site (Dusan) domination of Epsilonproteobacteria class was observed. Gracilibacteria (GN02) and Gammaproteobacteria represented the dominant taxa only in the sample Kvisla 2. Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) of beta diversity revealed that phylogenetic profiles grouped in three different clusters according to the sampling site. Moreover, higher similarity of bacterial communities from Angell and Kvisla compared to Dusan was confirmed by cluster analysis and Venn diagrams. The highest alpha index values was measured in Dusan. Richness and phylogenetic diversity indices were significantly (p < .05) and positively correlated with pH values of subglacial water and negatively with concentration of Cl−, Br−, and NO3 − anions. These anions negatively impacted the values of richness indices but positively correlated with abundance of some microbial phyla. Our results indicated that subglacial water from naled ice bodies offer the possibility to study the glacial microbiome. In the studied subglacial water, the microbial community structure was sampling site specific and dependent on the water properties, which in turn were probably influenced by the local bedrock composition. © 2018},

note = {12},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85086330995,

title = {Reconciling Svalbard Glacier Mass Balance},

author = { T.V. Schuler and J. Kohler and N. Elagina and J.O.M. Hagen and A.J. Hodson and J.A. Jania and A.M. Kääb and B. Luks and J. Małecki and G. Moholdt and V.A. Pohjola and I. Sobota and W.J.J. Van Pelt},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85086330995&doi=10.3389%2ffeart.2020.00156&partnerID=40&md5=6548e5b0908cb1284060344aefb2183d},

doi = {10.3389/feart.2020.00156},

issn = {22966463},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Frontiers in Earth Science},

volume = {8},

publisher = {Frontiers Media S.A.},

abstract = {Since the first estimates of Svalbard-wide glacier mass balance were made in the early 2000s, there has been great progress in remote sensing and modeling of mass balance, existing field records have been extended, field records at new locations have been added, and there has been considerable environmental change. There is a wide spread in the available estimates of both total mass balance and surface or climatic mass balance, but there is overall agreement that the glaciers on Svalbard have been losing mass since the 1960s, with a tendency toward more negative mass balance since 2000. We define criteria to select data that are representative and of high credibility; this subset shows a more coherent evolution and reduced spread. In addition, we combine individual field mass balance records collected by different groups into a single dataset that samples glaciers across Svalbard and a range of different size classes. We find a close relationship between measured specific surface mass balance and size of the glacier, in such a way that smaller glaciers experience more negative surface mass balances. A qualitatively similar relationship between the accumulation area ratio and glacier area is found for all glaciers in the Svalbard, suggesting that the relation derived from glaciological records is not only an artifact caused by the limited number of samples (n = 12). We apply this relation to upscale measured surface mass balance for a new estimate for all glaciers of Svalbard. Our reconciled estimates are −7 ± 4 Gt a–1 (2000–2019) for the climatic mass balance, and −8 ± 6 Gt a–1 for the total mass balance. The difference between the two represents the sum of frontal ablation and the combined uncertainty, which together amount to ca. −2 ± 7 Gt a–1. While this is consistent with a previous estimate of Svalbard-wide frontal ablation, the uncertainties are large. Furthermore, several large and long-lasting surges have had considerable and multi-year impact on the total mass balance, and in particular on calving rates, emphasizing the need for better-resolved and more frequently updated estimates of frontal ablation. © Copyright © 2020 Schuler, Kohler, Elagina, Hagen, Hodson, Jania, Kääb, Luks, Małecki, Moholdt, Pohjola, Sobota and Van Pelt.},

note = {40},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85065706353,

title = {Quality assessment and glaciological applications of digital elevation models derived from space-borne and aerial images over two tidewater glaciers of southern spitsbergen},

author = { M. Błaszczyk and D. Ignatiuk and M. Grabiec and L. Kolondra and M. Laska and L. Decaux and J.A. Jania and E. Berthier and B. Luks and B. Barzycka and M. Czapla},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85065706353&doi=10.3390%2frs11091121&partnerID=40&md5=626b9c5b2afcde929d4332920b85ce35},

doi = {10.3390/rs11091121},

issn = {20724292},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Remote Sensing},

volume = {11},

number = {9},

publisher = {MDPI AG},

abstract = {In this study, we assess the accuracy and precision of digital elevation models (DEM) retrieved from aerial photographs taken in 2011 and from Very High Resolution satellite images (WorldView-2 and Pléiades) from the period 2012-2017. Additionally, the accuracy of the freely available Strip product of ArcticDEM was verified. We use the DEMs to characterize geometry changes over Hansbreen and Hornbreen, two tidewater glaciers in southern Spitsbergen, Svalbard. The satellite-based DEMs from WorldView-2 and Pléiades stereo pairs were processed using the Rational Function Model (RFM) without and with one ground control point. The elevation quality of the DEMs over glacierized areas was validated with in situ data: static differential GPS survey of mass balance stakes and GPS kinematic data acquired during ground penetrating radar survey. Results demonstrate the usefulness of the analyzed sources of DEMs for estimation of the total geodetic mass balance of the Svalbard glaciers. DEM accuracy is sufficient to investigate glacier surface elevation changes above 1 m. Strips from the ArcticDEM are generally precise, but some of them showed gross errors and need to be handled with caution. The surface of Hansbreen and Hornbreen has been lowering in recent years. The average annual elevation changes for Hansbreen were more negative in the period 2015-2017 (-2.4 m a-1) than in the period 2011-2015 (-1.7 m a-1). The average annual elevation changes over the studied area of Hornbreen for the period 2012-2017 amounted to -1.6 m a-1. The geodetic mass balance for Hansbreen was more negative than the climatic mass balance estimated using the mass budget method, probably due to underestimation of the ice discharge. From 2011 to 2017, Hansbreen lost on average over 1% of its volume each year. Such a high rate of relative loss illustrates how fast these glaciers are responding to climate change. © 2019 by the authors.},

note = {22},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85062637380,

title = {Role of discrete water recharge from supraglacial drainage systems in modeling patterns of subglacial conduits in Svalbard glaciers},

author = { L. Decaux and M. Grabiec and D. Ignatiuk and J.A. Jania},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85062637380&doi=10.5194%2ftc-13-735-2019&partnerID=40&md5=68346ba9038705ecf26e26722e064c1f},

doi = {10.5194/tc-13-735-2019},

issn = {19940416},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Cryosphere},

volume = {13},

number = {3},

pages = {735-752},

publisher = {Copernicus GmbH},

abstract = {As the behavior of subglacial water plays a determining role in glacier dynamics, it requires particular attention, especially in the context of climate warming, which is increasing ablation and generating greater amounts of meltwater. On many glaciers, water flowing from the glacier's surface is the main source of supply to the subglacial drainage system. This system is largely influenced by the supraglacial drainage system, which collects meltwater and precipitation and rapidly delivers it to discrete points in the glacier bed via moulins and crevassed areas, called water input areas (WIAs). Models of patterns of subglacial conduits mainly based on the hydrological potential gradient are still regularly performed without taking into account the supraglacial drainage system. We modeled the pattern of subglacial channels in two glaciers located in Svalbard, the land-terminating Werenskioldbreen and the tidewater Hansbreen during the 2015 melt season. We modeled a spatial and a discrete water recharge in order to compare them. First, supraglacial catchments were determined for each WIA on a high-resolution digital elevation model using the standard watershed modeling tool in ArcGIS. Then, interpolated water runoff was calculated for all the main WIAs. Our model also accounts for several water pressure conditions. For our two studied glaciers, during the ablation season 2015, 72.5 % of total runoff was provided by meltwater and 27.5 % by precipitation. Changes in supraglacial drainage on a decadal timescale are observed in contrast to its nearly stable state on an annual timescale. Nevertheless, due to the specific nature of those changes, it seems to have a low impact on the subglacial system. Therefore, our models of subglacial channel are assumed to be valid for a minimum period of two decades and depend on changes in the supraglacial drainage system. Results showed that, for Svalbard tidewater glaciers with large crevassed areas, models of subglacial channels that assume spatial water recharge may be somewhat imprecise but are far from being completely incorrect, especially for the ablation zone. On the other hand, it is important to take discrete water recharge into account in the case of land-terminating Svalbard glaciers with limited crevassed areas. In all cases, considering a discrete water recharge when modeling patterns of theoretical subglacial channels seems to produce more realistic results according to current knowledge. © Author(s) 2019.},

note = {12},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85061674896,

title = {The role of winter rain in the glacial system on Svalbard},

author = { E.B. Łupikasza and D. Ignatiuk and M. Grabiec and K. Cielecka-Nowak and M. Laska and J.A. Jania and B. Luks and A. Uszczyk and T. Budzik},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85061674896&doi=10.3390%2fw11020334&partnerID=40&md5=d7e66db094c7e1118a1ffe687c120fdc},

doi = {10.3390/w11020334},

issn = {20734441},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Water (Switzerland)},

volume = {11},

number = {2},

publisher = {MDPI AG},

abstract = {Rapid Arctic warming results in increased winter rain frequencies, which may impact glacial systems. In this paper, we discuss climatology and precipitation form trends, followed by examining the influence of winter rainfall (Oct-May) on both the mass balance and dynamics of Hansbreen (Svalbard). We used data from the Hornsund meteorological station (01003 WMO), in addition to the original meteorological and glaciological data from three measurement points on Hansbreen. Precipitation phases were identified based on records of weather phenomena and used-along with information on lapse rate-to estimate the occurrence and altitudinal extent of winter rainfall over the glacier. We found an increase in the frequency of winter rain in Hornsund, and that these events impact both glacier mass balance and glacier dynamics. However, the latter varied depending on the degree of snow cover and drainage systems development. In early winter, given the initial, thin snow cover and an inefficient drainage system, rainfall increased glacier velocity. Full-season winter rainfall on well-developed snow was effectively stored in the glacier, contributing on average to 9% of the winter accumulation. © 2019 by the authors.},

note = {16},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85057332619,

title = {Glacier facies of Vestfonna (Svalbard) based on SAR images and GPR measurements},

author = { B. Barzycka and M. Błaszczyk and M. Grabiec and J.A. Jania},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85057332619&doi=10.1016%2fj.rse.2018.11.020&partnerID=40&md5=5bcf2ca301942eb3d2ddb81dd43822db},

doi = {10.1016/j.rse.2018.11.020},

issn = {00344257},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Remote Sensing of Environment},

volume = {221},

pages = {373-385},

publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},

abstract = {The warming climate of the Arctic affects the mass budget of glaciers, and changes in the distribution of glacier facies are indicative of their response to climate change. The glacial mass budget over large land ice masses can be estimated by remote sensing techniques, but selecting an efficient remote sensing method for recognizing and mapping glacier facies in the Arctic remains a challenge. In this study, we compared several methods of distinguishing the facies of the Vestfonna ice cap, Svalbard, based upon Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images and terrestrial high frequency Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) measurements. Glacier zones as determined using the backscattering coefficient (sigma0) of SAR images were compared against GPR data, and an alternative application of Internal Reflection Energy (IRE) calculated from terrestrial GPR data was also used for differentiating the extent of glacier facies. The IRE coefficient was found to offer a suitable method for distinguishing glacier zones and for validating SAR analysis. Furthermore, results of analysis of fully polarimetric Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (ALOS PALSAR) and European Remote Sensing Synthetic Aperture Radar (ERS-2 SAR) images were compared with the IRE coefficient classification. Especially promising method is H-α segmentation, where the glacier zone boundaries corresponded very well with both GPR visual interpretation and IRE classification results. The IRE coefficient's simplicity of calculation makes it a good alternative to the subjective GPR visual interpretation method, where results strongly depend on the operator's level of experience. We therefore recommend for GPR profiles to be used for additional validation of SAR image analysis in studies of glacier facies on the High Arctic ice masses. © 2018 The Author(s)},

note = {7},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85062621972,

title = {Freshwater input to the arctic fjord hornsund (Svalbard)},

author = { M. Błaszczyk and D. Ignatiuk and A. Uszczyk and K. Cielecka-Nowak and M. Grabiec and J.A. Jania and M. Moskalik and W. Walczowski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85062621972&doi=10.33265%2fpolar.v38.3506&partnerID=40&md5=33151800504d66ff86c2fd25c5b8e431},

doi = {10.33265/polar.v38.3506},

issn = {08000395},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Polar Research},

volume = {38},

publisher = {Norwegian Polar Institute},

abstract = {Glaciers draining to the Hornsund basin (southern Spitsbergen; Svalbard) have experienced a significant retreat and mass volume loss over the last decades, increasing the input of freshwater into the fjord. An increase in freshwater input can influence fjord hydrology, hydrodynamics, sediment flux and biota, especially in a changing climate. Here, we describe the sources of freshwater supply to the fjord based on glaciological and meteorological data from the period 2006 to 2015. The average freshwater input from land to the Hornsund bay is calculated as 2517 ± 82 Mt a−1, with main contributions from glacier meltwater runoff (986 Mt a−1; 39%) and frontal ablation of tidewater glaciers (634 Mt a−1; 25%). Tidewater glaciers in Hornsund lose ca. 40% of their mass by frontal ablation. The terminus retreat component accounts for ca. 30% of the mass loss by frontal ablation, but it can vary between 17% and 44% depending on oceanological, meteorological and geomorphological factors. The contribution of the total precipitation over land excluding winter snowfall (520 Mt a−1), total precipitation over the fjord area (180 Mt a−1) and melting of the snow cover over unglaciated areas (197 Mt a−1) to the total freshwater input appear to be small: 21%, 7% and 8%, respectively. © 2019 M. Błaszczyk et al.},

note = {24},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85031328749,

title = {Coast formation in an Arctic area due to glacier surge and retreat: The Hornbreen–Hambergbreen case from Spistbergen},

author = { M. Grabiec and D. Ignatiuk and J.A. Jania and M. Moskalik and P. Głowacki and M. Błaszczyk and T. Budzik and W. Walczowski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85031328749&doi=10.1002%2fesp.4251&partnerID=40&md5=cb31a5efbe9ef9e0be3fcaf6d2c3809e},

doi = {10.1002/esp.4251},

issn = {01979337},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Earth Surface Processes and Landforms},

volume = {43},

number = {2},

pages = {387-400},

publisher = {John Wiley and Sons Ltd},

abstract = {Glacierised coasts undergo faster geomorphic processes than unglaciated ones. We have studied changes of the coastal area in southern Svalbard with the glacier bridge between Torell Land and Sørkapp Land since the beginning of the 20th century. The existence of a continuous subglacial depression beneath the Hornbreen–Hambergbreen glacier system has been debated since the 1960s, with inconclusive results. In this study we assess both the subglacial topography and the bathymetry of Hornsund Fjord and Hambergbukta bay. This included ~40 km of radar surveys over the glacial system and sea depth sounding. The extent of the glaciers from maps and satellite images together with digital terrain models and surface elevation data based on GPS profiling were used to analyse geometry changes of the glacier surfaces. The results confirm the existence of a continuous subglacial depression below sea level (c. 40 m deep) between Hornsund and the Barents Sea. The Hornbreen-Hambergbreen system has changed in shape over the past century, reflecting its dynamic origin and activity, also exemplified by the sequential surges identified since 1899. There was a pre-surge build-up event of Flatbreen causing a surge and subsequent lowering of the Hornbreen-Hambergbreen frontal parts by the 1960s. After, the entire surface lowered, albeit with a delay in the Hornbreen terminal zone. Since the year 2000, Hornbreen terminus has retreated at an average rate of 106 m a−1; ~50% faster than that of Hambergbreen. If the retreat continues at the 2000–2015 average rate, the ice bridge between Hornsund and Hambergbukta will be broken sometime between 2055 and 2065 and the Hornsund strait will separate Sørkapp Land from the Spitsbergen island. The processes and events described in this study, particularly the effects of the glacier surge, may provide a model for changes likely to occur in other coastal glaciated regions experiencing rapid change. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.},

note = {29},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84948750866,

title = {Calving of a tidewater glacier driven by melting at the waterline},

author = { M. Petlicki and M. Ciepły and J.A. Jania and A. Strzelewicz and C. Kinnard},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84948750866&doi=10.3189%2f2015JoG15J062&partnerID=40&md5=3936f171dfb75c3fd10dc2d79a45e444},

doi = {10.3189/2015JoG15J062},

issn = {00221430},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Glaciology},

volume = {61},

number = {229},

pages = {851-863},

publisher = {International Glaciology Society},

abstract = {We present a study of the development of a thermo-erosional notch at the waterline and its influence on calving of Hansbreen, a medium-sized grounded tidewater glacier in southern Svalbard. The study is based on the results of undercut notch melt modelling, based on measurements of sea-water properties, repeated terrestrial laser scans and analysis of time-lapse camera images. There is a strong correlation between observed calving activity and modelled melt rate of the undercut notch. Measured depths of the undercut reach 4m and vary greatly over time. The calving activity of Hansbreen was significantly lower in 2011 than in 2012, due to the persistent presence of the ice pack in Hornsund fjord, which cooled the sea surface and suppressed the wave action. Calving on Hansbreen is controlled by a local imbalance of forces at the front, due to thermo-erosional undercutting at the sea waterline. Calving activity is therefore sensitive to changes in sea-water temperature and wave height. It may be expected that calving rates will rise with increased advection of warm oceanic water to the Arctic.},

note = {31},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84942924769,

title = {Seasonal and interannual variability in runoff from the Werenskioldbreen catchment, Spitsbergen},

author = { E. Majchrowska and D. Ignatiuk and J.A. Jania and H. Marszałek and M. Wasik},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84942924769&doi=10.1515%2fpopore-2015-0014&partnerID=40&md5=c65da3b304e56cf84d374a037d41d9f4},

doi = {10.1515/popore-2015-0014},

issn = {01380338},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Polish Polar Research},

volume = {36},

number = {3},

pages = {197-224},

publisher = {Walter de Gruyter GmbH},

abstract = {The results from a hydrological monitoring program of Breelva basin (Spits-bergen; Svalbard) have been analysed to improve the understanding of the Werenskiöld Glacier system's functioning in the High Arctic. Hydrographs of a 44 km2 river basin (27 km2 of which was covered by a glacier) were analysed for the period 2007-2012. Sea-sonal discharge fluctuations were linked to glacier ablation and meteorological parameters, including atmospheric circulation types. A dichotomy was found in the discharge peaks generation during the hydrologically active season, with the main role played by snow and ice melt events during its first part and the rainfall regime dominating its second part. Foehn type strong winds played a significant role in the generation of ablation type floods (e.g. in August 2011). A simple classification of the runoff regime was applied to the examined six-year period, resulting in the identification of its three types: the ablation type (dominant in 2007 and 2009), the rainfall type (in the years 2011-2012), and the mixed type (during 2008 and 2010). According to publications the river flow season in Spitsbergen begins in June and end with freeze-up in September or at the beginning of October. Recently, this sea-son for Breelva tend to be extended with the mid-May onset and end in the second part of October. A multiannual trend was noted that reflects a growing importance of rainfalls, especially in September. Rainfall waters play a more distinct role in outflow from the Breelva catchment recently. © 2015 Polish Academy of Sciences.},

note = {22},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84894985681,

title = {Statistical analysis of Brepollen bathymetry as a key to determine average depths on a glacier foreland},

author = { M. Moskalik and M. Błaszczyk and J.A. Jania},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84894985681&doi=10.1016%2fj.geomorph.2013.09.029&partnerID=40&md5=db8bc6d306c8e196834d1359cef4a842},

doi = {10.1016/j.geomorph.2013.09.029},

issn = {0169555X},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-01-01},

journal = {Geomorphology},

volume = {206},

pages = {262-270},

abstract = {The study demonstrates the usefulness of statistical analysis to classify valleys because of the influence of the glaciers that formed them, as well as to determine the average depth at their cross-section parallel to the glacier front. Moreover, the usefulness of the analysis of shape of the histogram of depth, the value of skewness and kurtosis, and the relation between the average, median, and mode of depths to classify valleys is shown. The statistical analysis of the normalized shape of the valley cross-sections allowed establishment of the relation between the measured depth, the location of the measurements and the average depth of the valley cross-sections. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {8},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84889663540,

title = {Fluctuations of tidewater glaciers in Hornsund Fjord (Southern Svalbard) since the beginning of the 20th century},

author = { M. Błaszczyk and J.A. Jania and L. Kolondra},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84889663540&doi=10.2478%2fpopore-2013-0024&partnerID=40&md5=f0488969c944f3e2150630bd098bbe89},

doi = {10.2478/popore-2013-0024},

issn = {01380338},

year  = {2013},

date = {2013-01-01},

journal = {Polish Polar Research},

volume = {34},

number = {4},

pages = {327-352},

abstract = {Significant retreat of glaciers terminating in Hornsund Fjord (Southern Spitsbergen; Svalbard) has been observed during the 20th century and in the first decade of the 21st century. The objective of this paper is to present, as complete as possible, a record of front positions changes of 14 tidewater glaciers during this period and to distinguish the main factors influencing their fluctuations. Results are based on a GIS analysis of archival maps, field measurements, and aerial and satellite images. Accuracy was based on an assessment of seasonal fluctuations of a glacier's ice cliff position with respect to its minimum length in winter (November-December) and its maximum advance position in June or July.Morphometric features and the environmental setting of each glacier are also presented. The total area of the glacier cover in Hornsund Fjord in the period of 1899-2010 diminished approximately 172 km2, with an average areal retreat rate of 1.6 km2a-1. The recession rate increased from ~1 km2a-1 in first decades of the 20th century up to ~3 km2a-1 in years 2001-2010. The latest period was more thoroughly studied using optical satellite images acquired almost every year. The importance of glacier morphology and hypsometry, as well as fjord bathymetry and topography is analyzed. Large glacier systemswith low slopes terminating in deeper waters are retreating faster than small steep glaciers terminating in shallower water. A relation between mean annual air temperature and aerial retreat rate of tidewater glaciers was found for long time scales. A sudden temperature increase, known as the early 20th century warming in Svalbard, and an increase in temperatures during recent decades are well reflected in deglaciation rate. Influence of sea water temperatures on calving and retreat of glaciers was considered and is significant in short-time intervals of the last decade. Surge events are non-climatic factors which complicate the record. They are reflected in front advance or fast retreat due to a massive calving depending on the relation between ice thickness and water depth. Despite the influence of many factors, the response of tidewater glaciers to climate change is evident. The average linear retreat rate of all the tidewater glaciers in Hornsund amounted to ~70 ma-1 in 2001-2010 and was higher than the average retreat of other Svalbard tidewater glaciers (~45 ma-1). Thus, glaciers of this basin can be considered as more sensitive to climate than glaciers of other regions of the archipelago.},

note = {116},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84875841457,

title = {Meteorological and glaciological data collecting system in polar region - Infrastructure of Stanisław Siedlecki's Polish Polar Station (SW Spitsbergen) [System gromadzenia danych meteorologicznych i glacjologicznych w obszarach polarnych - Infrastruktura pomiarowa Polskiej Stacji Polarnej im. Stanisława Siedleckiego (SW Spitsbergen)]},

author = { S. Sikora and K. Migała and T. Budzik and P. Głowacki and D. Puczko and D. Ignatiuk and J.A. Jania},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84875841457&partnerID=40&md5=4451377722b22e06f4758f336c2d1473},

issn = {00332135},

year  = {2012},

date = {2012-01-01},

journal = {Przeglad Geofizyczny},

volume = {57},

number = {1},

pages = {35-47},

abstract = {Stanisław Siedlecki's Polish Polar Station (operated by Institute of Geophysics; Polish Academy of Sciences) is located in south-west part of Svalbard. Since the Summer 1978 meteorological and glaciological observation of Hornsund fjord's surroundings are done. Land meteorological station Hornsund operates on the network of WMO (number 01003) and is incorporated into the system measurements and observations conducted by the Norwegian Meteorological Institute (NMI). Every hour information about the basic meteorological elements are automatically sent to the NMI headquarters in Oslo, and every 3 hours this information is complemented with visual observations carried out by the observer. Besides the basic meteorological measurements, the measurements of solar irradiation and precipitation are conducted. At the nearby Hans glacier three Automatic Weather Stations allows continuously monitoring of selected meteorological parameters. Along with metal stakes embedded in the surface layer of the glacier which the position is measured once a month with a differential GPS receiver, AWS forms a meteorological and glaciological data collecting system in polar region. Since 2009, data from this system are available at website: http://www.glacio-topoclim.org free of charge.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84867206955,

title = {The effect of discrete recharge by moulins and heterogeneity in flow-path efficiency at glacier beds on subglacial hydrology},

author = { J.D. Gulley and M. Grabiec and J.B. Martin and J.A. Jania and G. Catania and P. Głowacki},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84867206955&doi=10.3189%2f2012JoG11J189&partnerID=40&md5=47a1255f220608e2815a9fcbaaedfe13},

doi = {10.3189/2012JoG11J189},

issn = {00221430},

year  = {2012},

date = {2012-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Glaciology},

volume = {58},

number = {211},

pages = {926-940},

abstract = {Subglacial conduit systems are thought to consist of dendritic networks that exist at lower pressure than distributed systems and have locations that are determined by theoretical hydraulic potential. On glaciers with moulins, however, meltwater is delivered to glacier beds at discrete points, violating assumptions of uniform recharge needed to calculate potential. To understand how moulins affect subglacial conduit hydrology, we used speleological techniques to map 0.4km of subglacial conduit at the base of a moulin in Hansbreen, Svalbard, and compared our observations with theoretical predictions. The conduit began in an area predicted to lack drainage, crossed equipotential contours at oblique rather than right angles and was locally anastomotic rather than dendritic. We propose Moulin locations, which are determined by the locations of supraglacial streams and crevasses, control locations of subglacial recharge. Because conduits have no direct causal relationship with gradients in effective pressure, this recharge can form conduits in areas of glacier beds that may not be predicted by hydraulic potential theory to have conduits. Recharge by moulins allows hydraulic head to increase in conduits faster and to higher values than in adjacent distributed systems, resulting in an increase rather than a decrease in glacier sliding speeds above subglacial conduits.},

note = {34},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84863797864,

title = {Surface and bed morphology of hansbreen, a tidewater glacier in Spitsbergen},

author = { M. Grabiec and J.A. Jania and D. Puczko and L. Kolondra and T. Budzik},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84863797864&doi=10.2478%2fv10183-012-0010-7&partnerID=40&md5=a30d84525bc8e18b86bb911f30da0e99},

doi = {10.2478/v10183-012-0010-7},

issn = {01380338},

year  = {2012},

date = {2012-01-01},

journal = {Polish Polar Research},

volume = {33},

number = {2},

pages = {111-138},

abstract = {Hansbreen, a medium size tidewater glacier in Southern Spitsbergen (Svalbard) is one of the most intensively studied glaciers in the Arctic. This work presents new digital elevation models of its surface and basal topography based on data collected during GPS/GPR campaigns conducted in the spring seasons of 2005 and 2008, as well as on other recent topographic/bathymetric sources. The mean thickness of the glacier is calculated as 171 m and its volume is estimated to be 9.6 (±0.1) km3. The main feature of the bedrock morphology is a vast depression that is overdeepened below sea level and extends as far as 11 km upstream from the glacier front. This depression is divided into four individual basins by distinct sills that are related to the main geological/tectonic features of the area. The bedrock morphology affects considerably the glacier's surface topography. The influence of bedrock and surface relief on the subglacial drainage system geometry is discussed. Vast depressions on the glacier surface favor concentration of meltwater and development of moulin systems.},

note = {39},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84867888764,

title = {Review article "a. B. Dobrowolski - The first cryospheric scientist - And the subsequent development of cryospheric science"},

author = { R.G. Barry and J.A. Jania and K. Birkenmajer},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84867888764&doi=10.5194%2fhgss-2-75-2011&partnerID=40&md5=2c6447caa5e00f25112488467f2304cf},

doi = {10.5194/hgss-2-75-2011},

issn = {21905010},

year  = {2011},

date = {2011-01-01},

journal = {History of Geo- and Space Sciences},

volume = {2},

number = {1},

pages = {75-79},

publisher = {Copernicus GmbH},

abstract = {The origin of the term "cryosphere" has been traced to the Polish scientist A. B. Dobrowolski in his 1923 book on "The Natural History of Ice" written in Polish. This note commemorates his little recognized contribution to the science, outside of his native country, and summarizes the recent organization of cryospheric research. © 2018 Copernicus GmbH. All rights reserved.},

note = {19},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-78650860342,

title = {Application of a minimal glacier model to Hansbreen, Svalbard},

author = { J. Oerlemans and J.A. Jania and L. Kolondra},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-78650860342&doi=10.5194%2ftc-5-1-2011&partnerID=40&md5=84e0d0284fbdfc58275a9819c9c0f28d},

doi = {10.5194/tc-5-1-2011},

issn = {19940416},

year  = {2011},

date = {2011-01-01},

journal = {Cryosphere},

volume = {5},

number = {1},

pages = {1-11},

abstract = {Hansbreen is a well studied tidewater glacier in the southwestern part of Svalbard, currently about 16 km long. Since the end of the 19th century it has been retreating over a distance of 2.7 km. In this paper the global dynamics of Hansbreen are studied with a minimal glacier model, in which the ice mechanics are strongly parameterised and a simple law for iceberg calving is used. The model is calibrated by reconstructing a climate history in such a way that observed and simulated glacier length match. In addition, the calving law is tuned to reproduce the observed mean calving flux for the period 2000-2008. Equilibrium states are studied for a wide range of values of the equilibrium line altitude. The dynamics of the glacier are strongly nonlinear. The height-mass balance feedback and the water depth-calving flux feedback give rise to cusp catastrophes in the system. For the present climatic conditions Hansbreen cannot survive. Depending on the imposed climate change scenario, in AD 2100 Hansbreen is predicted to have a length between 10 and 12 km. The corresponding decrease in ice volume (relative to the volume in AD 2000) is 45 to 65%. Finally the late-Holocene history of Hansbreen is considered. We quote evidence from dated peat samples that Hansbreen did not exist during the Holocene Climatic Optimum. We speculate that at the end of the mid-Holocene Climatic Optimum Hansbreen could advance because the glacier bed was at least 50 m higher than today, and because the tributary glaciers on the western side may have supplied a significant amount of mass to the main stream. The excavation of the overdeepening and the formation of the shoal at the glacier terminus probably took place during the Little Ice Age. © Author(s) 2011.},

note = {34},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-67949123290,

title = {Tidewater glaciers of Svalbard: Recent changes and estimates of calving fluxes},

author = { M. Błaszczyk and J.A. Jania and J.O.M. Hagen},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-67949123290&partnerID=40&md5=658c48075fbaa626c1489f311726d3e0},

issn = {01380338},

year  = {2009},

date = {2009-01-01},

journal = {Polish Polar Research},

volume = {30},

number = {2},

pages = {85-142},

abstract = {The purpose of this study is to describe the current state of tidewater glaciers in Svalbard as an extension of the inventory of Hagen et al. (1993). The ice masses of Svalbard cover an area of ca 36 600 km2 and more than 60% of the glaciated areas are glaciers which terminate in the sea at calving ice-cliffs. Recent data on the geometry of glacier tongues, their flow velocities and front position changes have been extracted from ASTER images acquired from 2000-2006 using automated methods of satellite image analysis. Analyses have shown that 163 Svalbard glaciers are of tidewater type (having contact with the ocean) and the total length of their calving ice-cliffs is 860 km. When compared with the previous inventory, 14 glaciers retreated from the ocean to the land over a 30-40 year period. Eleven formerly land-based glaciers now terminate in the sea. A new method of assessing the dynamic state of glaciers, based on patterns of frontal crevassing, has been developed. Tide-water glacier termini are divided into four groups on the basis of differences in crevasse patterns and flow velocity: (1) very slow or stagnant glaciers, (2) slow-flowing glaciers, (3) fast-flowing glaciers, (4) surging glaciers (in the active phase) and fast ice streams. This classification has enabled us to estimate total calving flux from Svalbard glaciers with an accuracy appreciably higher than that of previous attempts. Mass loss due to calving from the whole archipelago (excluding Kvitøya) is estimated to be 5.0-8.4 km3 yr-1 (water equivalent - w.e.), with a mean value 6.75 ± 1.7 km3 yr-1 (w.e.). Thus, ablation due to calving contributes as much as 17-25% (with a mean value 21%) to the overall mass loss from Svalbard glaciers. By implication, the contribution of Svalbard iceberg flux to sea-level rise amounts to ca 0.02 mm yr-1. Also calving flux in the Arctic has been considered and the highest annual specific mass balance attributable to iceberg calving has been found for Svalbard.},

note = {164},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-52649115915,

title = {Extreme hydro-meteorological events and their impacts. From the global down to the regional scale},

author = { Z.W. Kundzewicz and J.A. Jania},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-52649115915&partnerID=40&md5=61df305a13e5f8b7c893019ed4875648},

issn = {00167282},

year  = {2007},

date = {2007-01-01},

journal = {Geographia Polonica},

volume = {80},

number = {2},

pages = {9-23},

abstract = {Despite the progress in technology, the risk of weather-related disasters has not been eradicated and never will be. On the global scale, disasters are becoming both more frequent and more destructive, annually causing material losses worth tens of billions of Euros, as well as several thousand fatalities. Furthermore, catastrophic weather events have been the subject of a rapid upward trend, with the value of material damage increasing by an order of magnitude over the last four decades, in inflation-adjusted monetary units. There is now an increasing body of evidence of ongoing planetary climate change (global warming), which has brought about considerable changes where extreme hydro-meteorological events are concerned, and is likely to lead to even more marked changes in the future. Typically, changes in extremes are more pronounced and exert more impact than changes in mean values. Among the extremes on the rise are the number of hot days and tropical nights; the duration and intensity of heatwaves; precipitation intensity (and resulting floods; landslides and mudflows); the frequency, length and severity of droughts; glacier and snow melt; tropical cyclone intensity and sea level and storm surges. In turn, a ubiquitous decrease in cold extremes (number of cool days and nights; and frost days) is projected. Increases in climate extremes associated with climate change are likely to cause physical damage and population displacement, as well as having adverse effects on food production and the availability and quality of fresh water. A discussion of hydro-meteorological extremes and their impacts is therefore provided here in relation to a range of scales, and with the context for adaptation and mitigation also being alluded to.},

note = {8},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-33846352527,

title = {Distribution of snow accumulation on some glaciers of Spitsbergen},

author = { M. Grabiec and J. Leszkiewicz and P. Głowacki and J.A. Jania},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33846352527&partnerID=40&md5=6e794b71d5d00f1e3e672b2754a7b6a0},

issn = {01380338},

year  = {2006},

date = {2006-01-01},

journal = {Polish Polar Research},

volume = {27},

number = {4},

pages = {309-326},

abstract = {We describe the spatial variability of snow accumulation on three selected glaciers in Spitsbergen (Hansbreen; Werenskioldbreen and Aavatsmarkbreen) in the winter seasons of 1988/89, 1998/99 and 2001/2002 respectively. The distribution of snow cover is determined by the interrelationships between the direction of the glacier axes and the dominant easterly winds. The snow distribution is regular on the glaciers located E-W, but is more complicated on the glaciers located meridionally. The western part of glaciers is more predisposed to the snow accumulation than the eastern. This is due to snowdrift intensity. Statistical relationships between snow accumulation, deviation of accumulation from the mean values and accumulation variability related to topographic parameters such as: altitude, slope inclination, aspect, slope curvature and distance from the edge of the glacier have been determined. The only significant relations occured between snow accumulation and altitude (r = 0.64-0.91).},

note = {27},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-20444404687,

title = {Short-term velocity variations on Hansbreen, a tidewater glacier in Spitsbergen},

author = { A. Vieli and J.A. Jania and H. Blatter and M. Funk},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-20444404687&doi=10.3189%2f172756504781829963&partnerID=40&md5=3526ce474f63ffbfc4dc62c2a0d8c525},

doi = {10.3189/172756504781829963},

issn = {00221430},

year  = {2004},

date = {2004-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Glaciology},

volume = {50},

number = {170},

pages = {389-398},

publisher = {International Glaciology Society},

abstract = {Spatial and temporal variations of the flow of Hansbreen, a tidewater glacier in southern Spitsbergen, Svalbard, are investigated. During summer 1999, surface flow velocities were measured in the ablation zone of Hansbreen with a temporal resolution of 3-4 hours. Short events with strongly increased surface velocities and a typical duration of 1-2 days were observed. These "speed-up events" are related to periods of strongly increased water input to the glacier, due to rainfall or enhanced surface melt. A close relation is found between the surface velocities and water pressure recorded in a moulin. However, there are indications from a short time lag between velocity and water-pressure peak as well as from observed vertical surface uplifts that basal motion is related to basal water storage rather than directly to basal water pressure. The observed short-term velocity variations and associated processes on Hansbreen are very similar to those observed on land-based valley glaciers and suggest that the relevant mechanisms and physical processes that control the flow and its temporal variations are similar. In contrast to the flow of land-based glaciers, sliding velocities on Hansbreen are observed to be high all year round and velocities increase towards the calving front.},

note = {55},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-1442311703,

title = {Glacier changes in southern Spitsbergen, Svalbard, 1901-2000},

author = { A. Pälli and J.C. Moore and J.A. Jania and P. Głowacki},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-1442311703&doi=10.3189%2f172756403781815573&partnerID=40&md5=9ead3be3123b85e158e1191d52a5ae03},

doi = {10.3189/172756403781815573},

issn = {02603055},

year  = {2003},

date = {2003-01-01},

journal = {Annals of Glaciology},

volume = {37},

pages = {219-225},

publisher = {International Glaciology Society},

abstract = {High-resolution ground-penetrating radar surveys at 50 MHz on the polythermal glaciers Hornbreen, Hambergbreen and several surrounding glaciers in southern Spitsbergen, Svalbard, are presented and interpreted. Accurate positioning was obtained using differential global positioning system (DGPS). Digital elevation models (DEMs) of the bedrock and surface were constructed. Comparison of DGPS data and surface DEMs with data from the topographic mappings from 1936 oblique stereoscopic aerial photographs and from Mission Russe in 1899-1901 shows that the Hornbreen and Hambergbreen surfaces are about 60-100 m thinner today in the upper part than at the beginning of the 20th century. Hornbreen has retreated by 13.5 km from the central part of the front, and Hambergbreen by 16 km. All the fronts of the nearby east-coast glaciers in this area have retreated. The bedrock DEM shows that the Hornbreen and Hambergbreen beds lie at -25 to 25 m a.s.l. The combination of sub-sea-level fronts and increasing steepness of the glaciers suggests that the low-lying glaciated valley filled by Hornbreen and Hambergbreen may become a partially inundated ice-free isthmus within perhaps 100 years. © International Glaciological Society.},

note = {33},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-0345831975,

title = {The drainage pattern of Hansbreen and Werenskioldbreen, two polythermal glaciers in Svalbard},

author = { A. Pälli and J.C. Moore and J.A. Jania and L. Kolondra and P. Głowacki},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0345831975&doi=10.1111%2fj.1751-8369.2003.tb00117.x&partnerID=40&md5=f3e8ee5f6ac0f5d033ca6618bc096bd4},

doi = {10.1111/j.1751-8369.2003.tb00117.x},

issn = {08000395},

year  = {2003},

date = {2003-01-01},

journal = {Polar Research},

volume = {22},

number = {2},

pages = {355-371},

publisher = {Norwegian Polar Institute},

abstract = {To improve our understanding of Svalbard-type polythermal glacier drainage, hydraulic geometry models of the subglacial hydrology of two contrasting glaciers in Svalbard have been constructed. The models are tested against a uniquely long and rich set of field observations spanning 45 years. Digital elevation models (DEMs) were constructed from bedrock data measured with ground penetrating radar and surface data of two medium-sized polythermal glaciers, Hansbreen and Werenskioldbreen, in south-west Spitsbergen. Hansbreen has a low angle bed with over-deepenings and a calving front, while Werenskioldbreen has steeper bed and terminates on land. Together they are representative of many Svalbard glaciers. The DEMs were used to derive maps of hydraulic potential and subglacial drainage networks. Validation of the models was done using field observations including location mapping and speleological exploration of active moulins, positions of main river outflows, dye-tracing and water chemistry studies, and observations of water pressure inside moulins. Results suggest that the water pressure is generally close to ice overburden pressure but varies greatly depending on local conditions such as bed location, the thickness of cold ice layer, the thickness of the glacier and seasonal changes in meltwater input.},

note = {38},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-0037772236,

title = {The retreat of a tidewater glacier: Observations and model calculations on Hansbreen, Spitsbergen},

author = { A. Vieli and J.A. Jania and L. Kolondra},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0037772236&doi=10.3189%2f172756502781831089&partnerID=40&md5=84087aee3828e9513544431bbf59af73},

doi = {10.3189/172756502781831089},

issn = {00221430},

year  = {2002},

date = {2002-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Glaciology},

volume = {48},

number = {163},

pages = {592-600},

publisher = {International Glaciology Society},

abstract = {Based on observations and model calculations, the retreat over the last two decades of Hansbreen, a tidewater glacier in southern Spitsbergen, Svalbard, is investigated. The observations of the calving-front position between 1982 and 1998 show an abrupt retreat in 1990, which is suggested to be related to a depression in the glacier bed. The observed seasonal variations of the front position are mainly due to variations of the calving rate. The observations of Hansbreen further indicate that during periods of slow front-position changes, melting at the water-line may play an important role in triggering the process of calving. The evolution of Hansbreen between 1982 and 1998 is simulated with a numerical model for the dynamics of tidewater glaciers. Using a flotation criterion for calving in which for each time-step the part of the glacier terminus which is below a critical height above buoyancy is removed, we are able to reproduce the observed rapid retreat of Hansbreen through the depression in the glacier bed. From the observations and model calculations, we conclude that the rapid retreat is mainly an effect of basal topography in the terminus region and not a direct response to a change in mass balance.},

note = {85},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-0342313519,

title = {High-resolution hydrothermal structure of Hansbreen, Spitsbergen, mapped by ground-penetrating radar},

author = { J.C. Moore and A. Pälli and F. Ludwig and H. Blatter and J.A. Jania and B. Gądek and P. Głowacki and D. Mochnacki and E. Isaksson},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0342313519&doi=10.1017%2fS0022143000001386&partnerID=40&md5=480156f2265c87c8f0213e53e13e4fa5},

doi = {10.1017/S0022143000001386},

issn = {00221430},

year  = {1999},

date = {1999-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Glaciology},

volume = {45},

number = {151},

pages = {524-532},

publisher = {International Glaciology Society},

abstract = {Detailed ground-penetrating radar (GPR) surveys at 50 and 200 MHz on Hansbreen, a polythermal glacier in southern Svalbard, are presented and interpreted. Comparison of the variations in character of the radar reflections with borehole thermometry and water levels in moulins suggests that GPR can be used to study the hydrothermal properties of the glacier. The high resolution of the GPR data shows that the hydrothermal structure of the glacier is highly variable both along the centre line and on transverse profiles. Water contents for many places and depths within the glacier were calculated by estimating radar-wave velocities to point reflectors. We find typical water contents of 1-2% for the temperate ice, but wetter ice associated with surface crevassing and moulins (typically 4% water content). There is evidence that wet ice sometimes overlays drier ice. The hydrothermal structure is thus shown to be very complex. Temperature gradients in the cold ice indicate freezing rates of temperate ice below cold ice of 0.1-0.5 m a-1, while isolated point reflectors within the cold ice indicate large water-filled bodies that are probably related to the regular drainage structure of the glacier.},

note = {66},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-0031419806,

title = {The Mass Balance of Circum-Arctic Glaciers and Recent Climate Change},

author = { J.A. Dowdeswell and J.O.M. Hagen and H. Björnsson and A.F. Glazovsky and W.D. Harrison and P. Holmlund and J.A. Jania and R.M. Koerner and B. Lefauconnier and C.S.L. Ommanney and R.H. Thomas},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0031419806&doi=10.1006%2fqres.1997.1900&partnerID=40&md5=c3a5aec164530a4d43f5256313cc4b98},

doi = {10.1006/qres.1997.1900},

issn = {00335894},

year  = {1997},

date = {1997-01-01},

journal = {Quaternary Research},

volume = {48},

number = {1},

pages = {1-14},

publisher = {Academic Press Inc.},

abstract = {The sum of winter accumulation and summer losses of mass from glaciers and ice sheets (net surface mass balance) varies with changing climate. In the Arctic, glaciers and ice caps, excluding the Greenland Ice Sheet, cover about 275,000 km2 of both the widely glacierized archipelagos of the Canadian, Norwegian, and Russian High Arctic and the area north of about 60°N in Alaska, Iceland, and Scandinavia. Since the 1940s, surface mass balance time-series of varying length have been acquired from more than 40 Arctic ice caps and glaciers. Most Arctic glaciers have experienced predominantly negative net surface mass balance over the past few decades. There is no uniform recent trend in mass balance for the entire Arctic, although some regional trends occur. Examples are the increasingly negative mass balances for northern Alaska, due to higher summer temperatures, and increasingly positive mass balances for maritime Scandinavia and Iceland, due to increased winter precipitation. The negative mass balance of most Arctic glaciers may be a response to a step-like warming in the early twentieth century at the termination of the cold Little Ice Age. Arctic ice masses outside Greenland are at present contributing about 0.13 mm yr-1 to global sea-level rise. © 1997 University of Washington.},

note = {181},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-0030429637,

title = {The thermal structure of Hansbreen, a tidewater glacier in southern Spitsbergen, Svalbard},

author = { J.A. Jania and D. Mochnacki and B. Gądek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0030429637&doi=10.1111%2fj.1751-8369.1996.tb00458.x&partnerID=40&md5=8da6f6e2004dd8ff788c900933a6adda},

doi = {10.1111/j.1751-8369.1996.tb00458.x},

issn = {08000395},

year  = {1996},

date = {1996-01-01},

journal = {Polar Research},

volume = {15},

number = {1},

pages = {53-66},

publisher = {Norwegian Polar Institute},

abstract = {Ice temperature measurements were taken from three shallow and five deep (to bedrock) boreholes on Hansbreen, Svalbard, in selected years between 1988 and 1994. In general, results show a subpolar, polythermal structure. The glacier accumulation zone is of warm ice within the entire vertical profile except in the uppermost layer of seasonal temperature fluctuations where there is an upper cold ice layer in the ablation zone which varies in thickness and may even be absent in the western lateral part. The upper layer of cold ice thins along the glacier centre-line from the equilibrium line altitude down to the glacier front. The depth of the pressure melting, indicating the base of the cold ice layer, was defined at the borehole measurement sites but was not manifested as an internal reflection horizon using multi-frequency radar methods. The isotherm lies about 20 m above a radar internal reflecting horizon near the equilibrium line altitude and about 40 m above it in the frontal part of the glacier. The internal reflection horizon almost certainly reflects the high water content within temperate ice and not the cold/temperate ice interface. At 10 m depth, the temperatures are 2-30°C higher than the calculated mean annual air temperatures, demonstrating the importance of meltwater refreezing on the release of latent heat.},

note = {57},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-0026273879,

title = {Tidewater glaciers of Spitsbergen},

author = { A.F. Glazovsky and Y.Y. Macheret and M.Y. Moskalevsky and J.A. Jania},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0026273879&partnerID=40&md5=8bb4d476e78db29077809071d0874f88},

year  = {1991},

date = {1991-01-01},

journal = {Glaciers-ocean-atmosphere interactions. Proc. symposium, St. Petersburg, 1990},

pages = {229-239},

publisher = {IAHS; Publication, 208},

abstract = {The Fridtjovbreen and Hansbreen tidewater glaciers have been investigated using the terrestrial radio-echo sounding technique, geodesy and mass balance measurements. All these data are used to determine general features of tidewater glacier internal structure, the pattern of bedrock, rates of recession, and mass balance structure. Geodesy survey data indicate considerable recession and thinning of the glaciers since 1936. Comparing with the previous iceberg calving flux estimation, the new ones indicate higher portion of iceberg calving in total net loss - up to 66%. To compensate iceberg outflow, the solid precipitation would need to be higher by 350 mm while the mean summer temperature would need to be lower by 1°C. -Authors},

note = {16},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-0024867214,

title = {Talus cones in the Gasdalen region, south Spitsbergen},

author = { J.A. Jania and T. Szczypek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0024867214&partnerID=40&md5=5a712316e591ab50bdaa1ec47ad5ea2e},

year  = {1989},

date = {1989-01-01},

journal = {Results of Investigations of the Polish Scientific Spitsbergen Expeditions (Wroclaw)},

volume = {7},

pages = {45-55},

abstract = {The principal morphometric features as well as the results of grain size analyses of the material making up talus cones and alluvial fans on the opposite slopes of the Gas valley have been presented. It was found that the slope sediments of the region are deposited both by gravitational processes and by the periodically flowing pronival and rainfall waters. An attempt has been made to characterize several of the main physical features of the depositional environment of these formations and also to explain the factors accounting for the differences in their development. -Authors},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-0023584806,

title = {Glaciological interpretation of aerial photographs of the Hornsund region, Spitsbergen <>9d the example of the Korber and Peters glaciers [Interpretacja glacjologiczna znjec lotniczych otoczenia Hornsundu (Spitsbergen) na przykladzie lodowcow Korber i Peters]},

author = { J.A. Jania},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0023584806&partnerID=40&md5=2e330c85e0d27f0ebd5ddb6b54c8224a},

year  = {1987},

date = {1987-01-01},

journal = {Fotointerpretacja w Geografii},

volume = {9},

number = {19},

pages = {60-107},

abstract = {As a result of qualitative photointerpretation (steroscopic study of imagery, shadow patterns. etc.) and photogrammetric elaboration a map (salce 1 : 20 000) with a contour interval of 25 m was plotted and glaciological data was added. Changes in volume of two glaciers have been calculated from comparison of the maps from 1936 and the new map showing the situation in 1960. Possibilities of interpreting black-and-white aerial photographs for investigating the dynamics and structure of glaciers have been discussed in the article. -English summary},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-0023529242,

title = {Geomorphological mapping of the Hornsund fjord region from interpretation of aerial photographs [Kartowanie geomorfologiczne otoczenia fiordu Hornsund na podstawie interpretacji zdjec lotniczych]},

author = { J.A. Jania and T. Szczypek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0023529242&partnerID=40&md5=08fe6a96f175592e82006ba54f638111},

year  = {1987},

date = {1987-01-01},

journal = {Fotointerpretacja w Geografii},

volume = {9},

number = {19},

pages = {108-128},

abstract = {The object of the geomorphological mapping of the Hornsund fjord region in the south of Spitsbergen basing on interpretation of Norwegian 1:50 000 scale aerial photographs was to supplement the geomorphological map which was based on field observations. It was possible to conclude that in the Hornsund fjord area the main relief zones are: 1) marine terraces overlaid with glaciofluvial waters accumulations forms and complicated relief of the marginal areas of glaciers terminated on land, 2) mountain-valley glaciers with fronts ending up to in the sea, 3) semi-covering glaciers with mountain ranges turning to nunataks. These zones are found in order from west to east, which probably indicates something of their climatic determinants. -English summary},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-0019738027,

title = {(Remote sensing methods in polar researches). [Metody teledetekcji w badaniach polarnych.]},

author = { K. Furmanczyk and J.A. Jania},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0019738027&partnerID=40&md5=53513c180c695c6a5bfa56191c67891f},

issn = {00459453},

year  = {1981},

date = {1981-01-01},

journal = {Czasopismo Geograficzne},

volume = {52},

number = {4},

pages = {379-396},

abstract = {We distinguish some characteristic stages in the development of remote sensing in polar research.-from English summary},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}