• dr hab. Bogdan Gądek
Stanowisko: Prof.Uczelni
Jednostka: Instytut Nauk o Ziemi
Adres: 41-200 Sosnowiec, ul. Będzińska 60
Piętro: XVI
Numer pokoju: 1609
Telefon: (32) 3689 310
E-mail: bogdan.gadek@us.edu.pl
Spis publikacji: Spis wg CINiBA
Spis publikacji: Spis wg OPUS
Scopus Author ID: 6602617354
Publikacje z bazy Scopus
2023
Saferna, D.; Błaszczyk, M.; Grabiec, M.; Gądek, B.
In: Remote Sensing, vol. 15, no. 14, 2023, ISSN: 20724292.
@article{2-s2.0-85166221628,
title = {Quantifying Changes in Extent and Velocity of the Hornbreen/Hambergbreen Glacial System (SW, Spitsbergen) Based on Timeseries of Multispectral Satellite Imagery},
author = { D. Saferna and M. Błaszczyk and M. Grabiec and B. Gądek},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85166221628&doi=10.3390%2frs15143529&partnerID=40&md5=f642f44791e8c7df0542ba032edd13fc},
doi = {10.3390/rs15143529},
issn = {20724292},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-01-01},
journal = {Remote Sensing},
volume = {15},
number = {14},
publisher = {Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)},
abstract = {This study focuses on the Hornsund region in Svalbard, where the temperature has risen by 1.14 °C per decade, six times faster than the global average. The accelerating temperature rise in the Arctic has had significant impacts on the Svalbard glaciers, including the Hornbreen–Hambergbreen system (HH system). The HH system connects Sørkapp Land with the rest of Spitsbergen, and its disintegration will lead to the formation of a new island. This study assesses the annual and seasonal changes in the velocity of the HH system and fluctuations of the position of the termini from 1985 to 2021 and their relationship with environmental factors. Furthermore, an assessment was made of the possible date of opening of the Hornsund strait. The study also investigates the impact of the radiometric resolution of satellite images on the quality of the velocity field and the detection of glacier features. Multispectral imagery was used to assess the velocity fields with Glacier Image Velocimetry (v 1.01) software, which uses the feature tracking method. In addition, the Glacier Termini Tracking plugin was used to acquire data on the fluctuating positions of the termini. The long-term mean annual velocity of the Hornbreen was 431 m a−1, while that of Hambergbreen was 141 m a−1. The peak seasonal velocity and fluctuations of the terminus position of Hambergbreen were delayed by approximately one month when compared to Hornbreen. Overall, air and sea surface temperatures influence the velocities and fluctuations of the termini, while precipitation plays a secondary role. If the recession continues, the Hornsund strait may open around 2053. An increase in the quality of velocity maps from 12.7% to 50.2% was found with an increase in radiometric resolution from 8 bit to 16 bit. © 2023 by the authors.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This study focuses on the Hornsund region in Svalbard, where the temperature has risen by 1.14 °C per decade, six times faster than the global average. The accelerating temperature rise in the Arctic has had significant impacts on the Svalbard glaciers, including the Hornbreen–Hambergbreen system (HH system). The HH system connects Sørkapp Land with the rest of Spitsbergen, and its disintegration will lead to the formation of a new island. This study assesses the annual and seasonal changes in the velocity of the HH system and fluctuations of the position of the termini from 1985 to 2021 and their relationship with environmental factors. Furthermore, an assessment was made of the possible date of opening of the Hornsund strait. The study also investigates the impact of the radiometric resolution of satellite images on the quality of the velocity field and the detection of glacier features. Multispectral imagery was used to assess the velocity fields with Glacier Image Velocimetry (v 1.01) software, which uses the feature tracking method. In addition, the Glacier Termini Tracking plugin was used to acquire data on the fluctuating positions of the termini. The long-term mean annual velocity of the Hornbreen was 431 m a−1, while that of Hambergbreen was 141 m a−1. The peak seasonal velocity and fluctuations of the terminus position of Hambergbreen were delayed by approximately one month when compared to Hornbreen. Overall, air and sea surface temperatures influence the velocities and fluctuations of the termini, while precipitation plays a secondary role. If the recession continues, the Hornsund strait may open around 2053. An increase in the quality of velocity maps from 12.7% to 50.2% was found with an increase in radiometric resolution from 8 bit to 16 bit. © 2023 by the authors.
Gądek, B.; Kajdas, J.; Krawiec, K.
CONTEMPORARY DEGRADATION OF STEEP ROCK SLOPES IN THE PERIGLACIAL ZONE OF THE TATRA MTS., POLAND Journal Article
In: Geographia Polonica, vol. 96, no. 1, pp. 53-67, 2023, ISSN: 00167282, (1).
@article{2-s2.0-85159662328,
title = {CONTEMPORARY DEGRADATION OF STEEP ROCK SLOPES IN THE PERIGLACIAL ZONE OF THE TATRA MTS., POLAND},
author = { B. Gądek and J. Kajdas and K. Krawiec},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85159662328&doi=10.7163%2fGPol.0245&partnerID=40&md5=146142f52b24d88f0737d5a1674758d3},
doi = {10.7163/GPol.0245},
issn = {00167282},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-01-01},
journal = {Geographia Polonica},
volume = {96},
number = {1},
pages = {53-67},
publisher = {Polska Akademia Nauk},
abstract = {This study presents the results of the first large-area monitoring of steep slopes in the Tatra Mountains. In the research, we used terrestrial laser scanning methods and GIS tools. We also performed crack density measure-ments. The results obtained demonstrate that the rate of change of slopes under the influence of weathering and rockfall processes is very variable both in time and space. The rate of retreat of 4 steep adjacent granitoid slopes over the same period ranged from 0.00013 ma-1 to 0.004 ma-1. The spatial variation in the number and size of cavities was related primarily to the cracks density. © Bogdan Gądek et al.},
note = {1},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This study presents the results of the first large-area monitoring of steep slopes in the Tatra Mountains. In the research, we used terrestrial laser scanning methods and GIS tools. We also performed crack density measure-ments. The results obtained demonstrate that the rate of change of slopes under the influence of weathering and rockfall processes is very variable both in time and space. The rate of retreat of 4 steep adjacent granitoid slopes over the same period ranged from 0.00013 ma-1 to 0.004 ma-1. The spatial variation in the number and size of cavities was related primarily to the cracks density. © Bogdan Gądek et al.
2022
Laska, M.; Luks, B.; Kępski, D.; Gądek, B.; Głowacki, P.; Puczko, D.; Migała, K.; Nawrot, A.; Petlicki, M.
Hansbreen Snowpit Dataset – over 30-year of detailed snow research on an Arctic glacier Journal Article
In: Scientific Data, vol. 9, no. 1, 2022, ISSN: 20524463, (1).
@article{2-s2.0-85140862605,
title = {Hansbreen Snowpit Dataset – over 30-year of detailed snow research on an Arctic glacier},
author = { M. Laska and B. Luks and D. Kępski and B. Gądek and P. Głowacki and D. Puczko and K. Migała and A. Nawrot and M. Petlicki},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85140862605&doi=10.1038%2fs41597-022-01767-8&partnerID=40&md5=fe31eefeff6057c4a5c1532ffed93dda},
doi = {10.1038/s41597-022-01767-8},
issn = {20524463},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-01-01},
journal = {Scientific Data},
volume = {9},
number = {1},
publisher = {Nature Research},
abstract = {Snow cover is a key element in the water cycle, global heat balance and in the condition of glaciers. Characterised by high temporal and spatial variability, it is subject to short- and long-term changes in climatic conditions. This paper presents a unique dataset of snow measurements on Hansbreen, an Arctic glacier in Svalbard. The dataset includes 79 archived snow profiles performed from 1989 to 2021. It presents all available observations of physical properties for snow cover, such as grain shape and size, hardness, wetness, temperature and density, supplemented with organised metadata. All data has been revised and unified with current protocols and the present International Classification for Seasonal Snow on the Ground, allowing comparison of data from different periods and locations. The information included is essential for estimations of glacier mass balance or snow depth using indirect methods, such as ground-penetrating radar. A wide range of input data makes this dataset valuable to the greater community involved in the study of snow cover evolution and modelling related to glaciology, ecology and hydrology of glacierised areas. © 2022, The Author(s).},
note = {1},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Snow cover is a key element in the water cycle, global heat balance and in the condition of glaciers. Characterised by high temporal and spatial variability, it is subject to short- and long-term changes in climatic conditions. This paper presents a unique dataset of snow measurements on Hansbreen, an Arctic glacier in Svalbard. The dataset includes 79 archived snow profiles performed from 1989 to 2021. It presents all available observations of physical properties for snow cover, such as grain shape and size, hardness, wetness, temperature and density, supplemented with organised metadata. All data has been revised and unified with current protocols and the present International Classification for Seasonal Snow on the Ground, allowing comparison of data from different periods and locations. The information included is essential for estimations of glacier mass balance or snow depth using indirect methods, such as ground-penetrating radar. A wide range of input data makes this dataset valuable to the greater community involved in the study of snow cover evolution and modelling related to glaciology, ecology and hydrology of glacierised areas. © 2022, The Author(s).
Gądek, B.; Rojan, E.; Suska-Malawska, M.
Surge-type Uisu glacier and its undisturbed forefield relief, Eastern Pamir, Tajikistan Journal Article
In: Miscellanea Geographica, vol. 26, no. 4, pp. 227-236, 2022, ISSN: 08676046, (1).
@article{2-s2.0-85135737109,
title = {Surge-type Uisu glacier and its undisturbed forefield relief, Eastern Pamir, Tajikistan},
author = { B. Gądek and E. Rojan and M. Suska-Malawska},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85135737109&doi=10.2478%2fmgrsd-2022-0009&partnerID=40&md5=badc2567568036d7690f7095a4c81237},
doi = {10.2478/mgrsd-2022-0009},
issn = {08676046},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-01-01},
journal = {Miscellanea Geographica},
volume = {26},
number = {4},
pages = {227-236},
publisher = {Sciendo},
abstract = {The surge-type Uisu glacier and its forefield in the Tajik part of Eastern Pamir are described. To this end, 1977-2019 Landsat satellite imagery, the DEM, and a high-resolution orthophotomap were used, and detailed geomorphological mapping was carried out. The results show that the present-day position of the terminus of the studied glacier results from a surge that occurred before 1947. Currently, the glacier is losing mass. However, despite the visible characteristics of its thawing, the extent of the terminal zone has remained stable for several decades. Outside the glacier, there are no glacial landforms. This indicates that advances of surging glaciers may not create any surge-diagnostic features in their forefields. On the other hand, the genesis and interactions of landforms can reveal glacier surge, even in the absence of terminal and lateral glacial landforms. © 2022 Bogdan Gądek et al., published by Sciendo.},
note = {1},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The surge-type Uisu glacier and its forefield in the Tajik part of Eastern Pamir are described. To this end, 1977-2019 Landsat satellite imagery, the DEM, and a high-resolution orthophotomap were used, and detailed geomorphological mapping was carried out. The results show that the present-day position of the terminus of the studied glacier results from a surge that occurred before 1947. Currently, the glacier is losing mass. However, despite the visible characteristics of its thawing, the extent of the terminal zone has remained stable for several decades. Outside the glacier, there are no glacial landforms. This indicates that advances of surging glaciers may not create any surge-diagnostic features in their forefields. On the other hand, the genesis and interactions of landforms can reveal glacier surge, even in the absence of terminal and lateral glacial landforms. © 2022 Bogdan Gądek et al., published by Sciendo.
Szumny, M.; Gądek, B.; Laska, M.; Ciepły, M.
Thermal Sensitivity of High Mountain Lakes: The Role of Morphometry and Topography (The Tatra Mts., Poland) Journal Article
In: Water (Switzerland), vol. 14, no. 17, 2022, ISSN: 20734441.
@article{2-s2.0-85137752307,
title = {Thermal Sensitivity of High Mountain Lakes: The Role of Morphometry and Topography (The Tatra Mts., Poland)},
author = { M. Szumny and B. Gądek and M. Laska and M. Ciepły},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85137752307&doi=10.3390%2fw14172704&partnerID=40&md5=760670ab6bc3fdf1b4c5fcc08b191ba5},
doi = {10.3390/w14172704},
issn = {20734441},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-01-01},
journal = {Water (Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {17},
publisher = {MDPI},
abstract = {This study presents the results of a 5-year monitoring program of ice cover, water temperature, and local meteorological conditions carried out in three reference lakes in the periglacial zone of the Polish Tatra Mountains. On the basis of this information, the relationships between the weighted mean water temperature of each of these lakes and the air temperature, wind speed, precipitation, and ice–snow cover in the summer, spring, and autumn seasons, as well as year-round, were described, and the roles of the morphometry of lakes and the topography of their catchments were determined. It was found that the sensitivity of the lakes to climate warming increased with a decrease in their area/depth and shade, and with an increase in altitude and the share of wind-blown snow in the formation of the ice–snow cover. An increase in the mean annual air temperature does not necessarily translate into the warming of lakes, but, paradoxically, may result in their cooling. The current climate may not be best reflected by the most sensitive lakes, but rather by the largest ones located in the subalpine zone. © 2022 by the authors.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This study presents the results of a 5-year monitoring program of ice cover, water temperature, and local meteorological conditions carried out in three reference lakes in the periglacial zone of the Polish Tatra Mountains. On the basis of this information, the relationships between the weighted mean water temperature of each of these lakes and the air temperature, wind speed, precipitation, and ice–snow cover in the summer, spring, and autumn seasons, as well as year-round, were described, and the roles of the morphometry of lakes and the topography of their catchments were determined. It was found that the sensitivity of the lakes to climate warming increased with a decrease in their area/depth and shade, and with an increase in altitude and the share of wind-blown snow in the formation of the ice–snow cover. An increase in the mean annual air temperature does not necessarily translate into the warming of lakes, but, paradoxically, may result in their cooling. The current climate may not be best reflected by the most sensitive lakes, but rather by the largest ones located in the subalpine zone. © 2022 by the authors.
2021
Kabala, C.; Chachulski, Ł.; Gądek, B.; Korabiewski, B.; Mętrak, M.; Suska-Malawska, M.
Soil development and spatial differentiation in a glacial river valley under cold and extremely arid climate of East Pamir Mountains Journal Article
In: Science of the Total Environment, vol. 758, 2021, ISSN: 00489697, (5).
@article{2-s2.0-85097712167,
title = {Soil development and spatial differentiation in a glacial river valley under cold and extremely arid climate of East Pamir Mountains},
author = { C. Kabala and Ł. Chachulski and B. Gądek and B. Korabiewski and M. Mętrak and M. Suska-Malawska},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85097712167&doi=10.1016%2fj.scitotenv.2020.144308&partnerID=40&md5=4cfce2e82ca2d83a0b6d6bba79f00be3},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144308},
issn = {00489697},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-01},
journal = {Science of the Total Environment},
volume = {758},
publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
abstract = {Melting glaciers release new ground surfaces, which may be either a source of greenhouse gas emissions or a sink for carbon dioxide. Studies carried out in subpolar and alpine ecosystems confirm the relatively rapid soil development and increase of carbon and nitrogen pools. However, observations from high-mountain glacier forelands in cold and dry climate are very scarce. This study analyses the impact of major environmental factors related to climate, topography, and vegetation, over a time-scale, on soil development and spatial soil differentiation in the foreland of Uisu Glacier, East Pamir Mountains. Moreover, the usefulness of the World Reference Base (WRB) and Soil Taxonomy in the classification of poorly developed soils in the ultracontinental climate was assessed. Geomorphological, pedological, and botanical surveys covered a sequence of terraces, alluvial fans, and end-moraines. Typical characteristics of the soils in the glacier foreland were: very high stoniness, coarse texture, high content of calcium carbonate, alkaline reaction, and low salinity. Soil development has extremely low intensity and was manifested in (a) soil organic carbon pools being among the lowest reported in the world (up to 1.4 kg m−2 in the layer 0–50 cm), and (b) the presence of cambic/calcic horizons only on landforms older than of Mid-Holocene age (estimated). It was concluded that both the extremely cold and extremely dry climate conditions in the Uisu Glacier foreland limit the water flux and availability, suppress vegetation density and variability, and slow down the rate of soil development. Both WRB and Soil Taxonomy were able to reflect the advances in soil development and spatial soil differentiation (Calcaric Hyperskeletic Leptosols – Calcaric Cambisols – Cambic Calcisols; and Gelifluvents – Haplocambids - Haplocalcids; respectively); however, highlighting different features developed under an extremely cold and dry climate conditions of the East Pamir Mountains. © 2020 Elsevier B.V.},
note = {5},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Melting glaciers release new ground surfaces, which may be either a source of greenhouse gas emissions or a sink for carbon dioxide. Studies carried out in subpolar and alpine ecosystems confirm the relatively rapid soil development and increase of carbon and nitrogen pools. However, observations from high-mountain glacier forelands in cold and dry climate are very scarce. This study analyses the impact of major environmental factors related to climate, topography, and vegetation, over a time-scale, on soil development and spatial soil differentiation in the foreland of Uisu Glacier, East Pamir Mountains. Moreover, the usefulness of the World Reference Base (WRB) and Soil Taxonomy in the classification of poorly developed soils in the ultracontinental climate was assessed. Geomorphological, pedological, and botanical surveys covered a sequence of terraces, alluvial fans, and end-moraines. Typical characteristics of the soils in the glacier foreland were: very high stoniness, coarse texture, high content of calcium carbonate, alkaline reaction, and low salinity. Soil development has extremely low intensity and was manifested in (a) soil organic carbon pools being among the lowest reported in the world (up to 1.4 kg m−2 in the layer 0–50 cm), and (b) the presence of cambic/calcic horizons only on landforms older than of Mid-Holocene age (estimated). It was concluded that both the extremely cold and extremely dry climate conditions in the Uisu Glacier foreland limit the water flux and availability, suppress vegetation density and variability, and slow down the rate of soil development. Both WRB and Soil Taxonomy were able to reflect the advances in soil development and spatial soil differentiation (Calcaric Hyperskeletic Leptosols – Calcaric Cambisols – Cambic Calcisols; and Gelifluvents – Haplocambids - Haplocalcids; respectively); however, highlighting different features developed under an extremely cold and dry climate conditions of the East Pamir Mountains. © 2020 Elsevier B.V.
Senderak, K.; Kondracka, M.; Gądek, B.
Processes controlling the development of talus slopes in SW Spitsbergen: The role of deglaciation and periglacial conditions Journal Article
In: Land Degradation and Development, vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 208-223, 2021, ISSN: 10853278, (4).
@article{2-s2.0-85089191563,
title = {Processes controlling the development of talus slopes in SW Spitsbergen: The role of deglaciation and periglacial conditions},
author = { K. Senderak and M. Kondracka and B. Gądek},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85089191563&doi=10.1002%2fldr.3716&partnerID=40&md5=9752ff11b4b0452a2903b53e99680e37},
doi = {10.1002/ldr.3716},
issn = {10853278},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-01},
journal = {Land Degradation and Development},
volume = {32},
number = {1},
pages = {208-223},
publisher = {John Wiley and Sons Ltd},
abstract = {The location of Svalbard at the interface between the warm Atlantic and cold Arctic oceans causes the terrestrial environment to be highly sensitive to contemporary climate warming. Talus slopes provide a component of glaciated areas that has been registering these changes on a scale of several thousand years. However, knowledge about their development during glacial recession is still limited. This paper fills this gap by providing unique data obtained by geophysical methods: electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and ground-penetrating radar (GPR), regarding the talus slopes in Revdalen (SW Spitsbergen), which was last glaciated in the Neoglacial period. The results indicate that the thickness of talus slopes depends first of all on the size of the sediment supply area and only secondarily on the stage of development. The initial content of buried glacial ice in the talus deposits is differential and depends on both the rate of deglaciation and the local intensity of rock wall denudation. Over time, as a result of creep, the presence of massive ice is limited to ever lower parts of the slope. Above, there is aggradation of pore ice in delivered debris material. At the end of this stage, the buried glacial ice can form, or co-create together with pore ice, the core of subslope rock glaciers. The relatively long period since the beginning of the Revdalen deglaciation allowed a general model of the development of talus slopes in the polar environment to be prepared. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.},
note = {4},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The location of Svalbard at the interface between the warm Atlantic and cold Arctic oceans causes the terrestrial environment to be highly sensitive to contemporary climate warming. Talus slopes provide a component of glaciated areas that has been registering these changes on a scale of several thousand years. However, knowledge about their development during glacial recession is still limited. This paper fills this gap by providing unique data obtained by geophysical methods: electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and ground-penetrating radar (GPR), regarding the talus slopes in Revdalen (SW Spitsbergen), which was last glaciated in the Neoglacial period. The results indicate that the thickness of talus slopes depends first of all on the size of the sediment supply area and only secondarily on the stage of development. The initial content of buried glacial ice in the talus deposits is differential and depends on both the rate of deglaciation and the local intensity of rock wall denudation. Over time, as a result of creep, the presence of massive ice is limited to ever lower parts of the slope. Above, there is aggradation of pore ice in delivered debris material. At the end of this stage, the buried glacial ice can form, or co-create together with pore ice, the core of subslope rock glaciers. The relatively long period since the beginning of the Revdalen deglaciation allowed a general model of the development of talus slopes in the polar environment to be prepared. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
2020
Górski, P.; Gądek, B.; Gąbka, M.
Snow as a parameter of bryophyte niche partitioning in snow-beds of the Tatra Mountains (Western Carpathians) Journal Article
In: Ecological Indicators, vol. 113, 2020, ISSN: 1470160X, (2).
@article{2-s2.0-85080974655,
title = {Snow as a parameter of bryophyte niche partitioning in snow-beds of the Tatra Mountains (Western Carpathians)},
author = { P. Górski and B. Gądek and M. Gąbka},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85080974655&doi=10.1016%2fj.ecolind.2020.106258&partnerID=40&md5=3a195bf7730e18e934c7bef4f5fa665c},
doi = {10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.106258},
issn = {1470160X},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
journal = {Ecological Indicators},
volume = {113},
publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
abstract = {Understanding relationships between microclimate and bryophyte species diversity in alpine conditions creates a background for investigation into the response of vegetation to potential climate changes and anthropogenic pressure. This study presents the reaction of spore-bearing plants (liverworts and mosses) to the main thermal gradients in the snow-beds of the Tatra Mountains (Western Carpathians) and the mechanisms behind these response patterns. The results were based on direct, year-long temperature measurements in 47 permanent plots located at sites where the plant cover is formed largely by bryophytes. Data were gathered in 2010–2013 using Onset Hobo Pro v.2 temperature data loggers. Habitat variables i.e. seasonal snow cover duration (SCD), zero curtain period (ZC) and July mean ground surface temperature (MGST_VII) were determined using the ground surface temperature (GST) method. Additionally, the sum of potential incoming solar radiation in July (PISR_VII) was analysed on the basis of the localisation of permanent plots. Using detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) and redundancy analysis (RDA), we analysed the relationships between the species composition and the microclimatic variables. The generalised additive model (GAM) was employed to investigate the response curves of bryophyte species to snow parameters (SCD and ZC). Humidity (expressed as ZC temperature parameter) proved to have the highest impact on the distribution of bryophytes in snow-beds. Moreover, ground temperature in the vegetative season (in July; MGST_VII) and altitude had statistically significant effects. The responses of liverworts to microclimate gradients were more varied in comparison with those of the mosses. Humidity significantly affects the occurrence of the species of both groups in snow-beds. However, mosses respond to ground temperature (MGST_VII), whereas liverworts respond to SCD, and this distinguishes the niches of these groups. The ZC is a significant parameter affecting plant functional group composition, demonstrating a high relationship between cryptogamic plants and alpine climate. Pohlia ludwigii, Nardia breidleri and Moerckia blyttii prefer the high humidity of the snow-beds, while Marsupella condensata, M. apiculata and Pohlia drummondii are associated with dry habitats. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd},
note = {2},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Understanding relationships between microclimate and bryophyte species diversity in alpine conditions creates a background for investigation into the response of vegetation to potential climate changes and anthropogenic pressure. This study presents the reaction of spore-bearing plants (liverworts and mosses) to the main thermal gradients in the snow-beds of the Tatra Mountains (Western Carpathians) and the mechanisms behind these response patterns. The results were based on direct, year-long temperature measurements in 47 permanent plots located at sites where the plant cover is formed largely by bryophytes. Data were gathered in 2010–2013 using Onset Hobo Pro v.2 temperature data loggers. Habitat variables i.e. seasonal snow cover duration (SCD), zero curtain period (ZC) and July mean ground surface temperature (MGST_VII) were determined using the ground surface temperature (GST) method. Additionally, the sum of potential incoming solar radiation in July (PISR_VII) was analysed on the basis of the localisation of permanent plots. Using detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) and redundancy analysis (RDA), we analysed the relationships between the species composition and the microclimatic variables. The generalised additive model (GAM) was employed to investigate the response curves of bryophyte species to snow parameters (SCD and ZC). Humidity (expressed as ZC temperature parameter) proved to have the highest impact on the distribution of bryophytes in snow-beds. Moreover, ground temperature in the vegetative season (in July; MGST_VII) and altitude had statistically significant effects. The responses of liverworts to microclimate gradients were more varied in comparison with those of the mosses. Humidity significantly affects the occurrence of the species of both groups in snow-beds. However, mosses respond to ground temperature (MGST_VII), whereas liverworts respond to SCD, and this distinguishes the niches of these groups. The ZC is a significant parameter affecting plant functional group composition, demonstrating a high relationship between cryptogamic plants and alpine climate. Pohlia ludwigii, Nardia breidleri and Moerckia blyttii prefer the high humidity of the snow-beds, while Marsupella condensata, M. apiculata and Pohlia drummondii are associated with dry habitats. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd
Gądek, B.; Szumny, M.; Szypuła, B.
Classification of the Tatra mountain lakes in terms of the duration of their ice cover (Poland and Slovakia) Journal Article
In: Journal of Limnology, vol. 79, no. 1, pp. 70-81, 2020, ISSN: 11295767, (4).
@article{2-s2.0-85084509131,
title = {Classification of the Tatra mountain lakes in terms of the duration of their ice cover (Poland and Slovakia)},
author = { B. Gądek and M. Szumny and B. Szypuła},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85084509131&doi=10.4081%2fjlimnol.2019.1920&partnerID=40&md5=3979dbcc76deb6968c460ac059cb9af5},
doi = {10.4081/jlimnol.2019.1920},
issn = {11295767},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Limnology},
volume = {79},
number = {1},
pages = {70-81},
publisher = {Page Press Publications},
abstract = {This paper presents the results of a classification of the Tatra lakes based on the duration of their ice cover, altitude, volume, and potential incoming solar radiation (PISR). It is embedded in the context of the impact of current climate change on the mountain environment. A digital elevation model, morphometric data, satellite imagery from the winter seasons of 2015-2017 and the Wrocław taxonomy method were used in the study. It was found that the order of freezing and thawing of the lakes investigated may change from year to year. The relationship between ice cover duration and altitude is clearly weakened by variations in lake volumes, with insolation having a noticeably lesser effect. Determining the duration of ice cover of the lakes over several seasons facilitates identifying the similarities and dissimilarities between them. Five groups of lakes displaying similar characteristics were identified as well as 2 groups of lakes with highly individual characteristics. Based on the data obtained, it can be concluded that the duration of ice cover on the Tatra lakes has been shortening noticeably over the last 100 years. Small high-altitude lakes seem to be most vulnerable to climate change. © the Author(s), 2019.},
note = {4},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This paper presents the results of a classification of the Tatra lakes based on the duration of their ice cover, altitude, volume, and potential incoming solar radiation (PISR). It is embedded in the context of the impact of current climate change on the mountain environment. A digital elevation model, morphometric data, satellite imagery from the winter seasons of 2015-2017 and the Wrocław taxonomy method were used in the study. It was found that the order of freezing and thawing of the lakes investigated may change from year to year. The relationship between ice cover duration and altitude is clearly weakened by variations in lake volumes, with insolation having a noticeably lesser effect. Determining the duration of ice cover of the lakes over several seasons facilitates identifying the similarities and dissimilarities between them. Five groups of lakes displaying similar characteristics were identified as well as 2 groups of lakes with highly individual characteristics. Based on the data obtained, it can be concluded that the duration of ice cover on the Tatra lakes has been shortening noticeably over the last 100 years. Small high-altitude lakes seem to be most vulnerable to climate change. © the Author(s), 2019.
2019
Senderak, K.; Kondracka, M.; Gądek, B.
Postglacial talus slope development imaged by the ERT method: Comparison of slopes from SW Spitsbergen, Norway and Tatra Mountains, Poland Journal Article
In: Open Geosciences, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 1084-1097, 2019, ISSN: 23915447, (4).
@article{2-s2.0-85078160993,
title = {Postglacial talus slope development imaged by the ERT method: Comparison of slopes from SW Spitsbergen, Norway and Tatra Mountains, Poland},
author = { K. Senderak and M. Kondracka and B. Gądek},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85078160993&doi=10.1515%2fgeo-2019-0084&partnerID=40&md5=95bbbc91a47c67a6bd4b6457d4f14b7d},
doi = {10.1515/geo-2019-0084},
issn = {23915447},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-01-01},
journal = {Open Geosciences},
volume = {11},
number = {1},
pages = {1084-1097},
publisher = {De Gruyter Open Ltd},
abstract = {Talus slopes are a common sedimentary formation both in polar and high-mountain areas, but their development is still not sufficiently understood. This article discusses the environmental factors that have been influencing development of talus slopes since the deglaciation and their impact on the internal structure of slopes. Case studies of the slopes from SW Spitsbergen and the Tatra Mountains in Poland were compared in order to explore different evolution stages. Slopes' structure was analysed using geophysical surveys based on two-dimensional electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) with a Wenner-Schlumberger array and an electrode spacing of 5 m, combined with geomorphological observations. The investigated talus slopes represent the paraglacial, periglacial and talus-alluvial environments. New data on the internal structure of talus slopes developing in the present or past glaciated areas adds to understanding talus slope evolution. There are many different views concerning the development of slopes during the paraglacial period, whose analysis seems to be crucial in the background of climate change and their record in slope structures. In addition, the study provided valuable information on the development and degradation of permafrost in slope materials. © 2019 K. Senderak et al., published by De Gruyter 2019.},
note = {4},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Talus slopes are a common sedimentary formation both in polar and high-mountain areas, but their development is still not sufficiently understood. This article discusses the environmental factors that have been influencing development of talus slopes since the deglaciation and their impact on the internal structure of slopes. Case studies of the slopes from SW Spitsbergen and the Tatra Mountains in Poland were compared in order to explore different evolution stages. Slopes' structure was analysed using geophysical surveys based on two-dimensional electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) with a Wenner-Schlumberger array and an electrode spacing of 5 m, combined with geomorphological observations. The investigated talus slopes represent the paraglacial, periglacial and talus-alluvial environments. New data on the internal structure of talus slopes developing in the present or past glaciated areas adds to understanding talus slope evolution. There are many different views concerning the development of slopes during the paraglacial period, whose analysis seems to be crucial in the background of climate change and their record in slope structures. In addition, the study provided valuable information on the development and degradation of permafrost in slope materials. © 2019 K. Senderak et al., published by De Gruyter 2019.
2017
Gądek, B.; Kaczka, R. J.; Rączkowska, Z.; Rojan, E.; Casteller, A.; Bebi, P.
Snow avalanche activity in Żleb Żandarmerii in a time of climate change (Tatra Mts., Poland) Journal Article
In: Catena, vol. 158, pp. 201-212, 2017, ISSN: 03418162, (17).
@article{2-s2.0-85022343699,
title = {Snow avalanche activity in Żleb Żandarmerii in a time of climate change (Tatra Mts., Poland)},
author = { B. Gądek and R.J. Kaczka and Z. Rączkowska and E. Rojan and A. Casteller and P. Bebi},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85022343699&doi=10.1016%2fj.catena.2017.07.005&partnerID=40&md5=bf2c35fcbf0a4c01aadea55a43274f69},
doi = {10.1016/j.catena.2017.07.005},
issn = {03418162},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
journal = {Catena},
volume = {158},
pages = {201-212},
publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
abstract = {This paper reports from a survey of the occurrence of large avalanches in Żleb Żandarmerii. This couloir is known to be one of the most hazardous avalanche paths in the Tatra Mountains and has one of the longest histories of avalanche observation. This survey looked at the runout distance, return period, dynamics and geoecological implications of avalanches in the context of current climate change. The study took advantage of the longest record of meteorological data available in the Tatra Mountains, as well as archival avalanche observations, topographical maps, orthophotomaps and a high-resolution digital terrain model. Avalanche data were obtained using geomorphological and dendrogeomorphic methods and through modelling with the RAMMS numerical avalanche dynamics simulation software. The largest avalanches reach the foot of its counter slope. Their length, release volume, flow velocity and pressure can exceed respectively 1000 m, 80 000 m3, 45 m/s and 600 kPa. The results of our study suggest that current climate warming has been accompanied by thinning and shortening of the duration of snow cover, as well as by an upward expansion of the timberline (including in the large-avalanche runout zones) of up to 80 m since the mid-1920s. No distinct temporal trend was identified in the large avalanche return period since 1909, but their mass and intensity have declined. Forests and timberline expansion were found to have no influence on the extent of the avalanches in our study, while ground relief could determine both their downward extent and lateral expansion. © 2017 Elsevier B.V.},
note = {17},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This paper reports from a survey of the occurrence of large avalanches in Żleb Żandarmerii. This couloir is known to be one of the most hazardous avalanche paths in the Tatra Mountains and has one of the longest histories of avalanche observation. This survey looked at the runout distance, return period, dynamics and geoecological implications of avalanches in the context of current climate change. The study took advantage of the longest record of meteorological data available in the Tatra Mountains, as well as archival avalanche observations, topographical maps, orthophotomaps and a high-resolution digital terrain model. Avalanche data were obtained using geomorphological and dendrogeomorphic methods and through modelling with the RAMMS numerical avalanche dynamics simulation software. The largest avalanches reach the foot of its counter slope. Their length, release volume, flow velocity and pressure can exceed respectively 1000 m, 80 000 m3, 45 m/s and 600 kPa. The results of our study suggest that current climate warming has been accompanied by thinning and shortening of the duration of snow cover, as well as by an upward expansion of the timberline (including in the large-avalanche runout zones) of up to 80 m since the mid-1920s. No distinct temporal trend was identified in the large avalanche return period since 1909, but their mass and intensity have declined. Forests and timberline expansion were found to have no influence on the extent of the avalanches in our study, while ground relief could determine both their downward extent and lateral expansion. © 2017 Elsevier B.V.
Senderak, K.; Kondracka, M.; Gądek, B.
Talus slope evolution under the influence of glaciers with the example of slopes near the Hans Glacier, SW Spitsbergen, Norway Journal Article
In: Geomorphology, vol. 285, pp. 225-234, 2017, ISSN: 0169555X, (10).
@article{2-s2.0-85014153110,
title = {Talus slope evolution under the influence of glaciers with the example of slopes near the Hans Glacier, SW Spitsbergen, Norway},
author = { K. Senderak and M. Kondracka and B. Gądek},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85014153110&doi=10.1016%2fj.geomorph.2017.02.023&partnerID=40&md5=eebaef7922ac2e4d6d17a6b605f15741},
doi = {10.1016/j.geomorph.2017.02.023},
issn = {0169555X},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
journal = {Geomorphology},
volume = {285},
pages = {225-234},
publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
abstract = {On Spitsbergen, which is 60% glaciated, talus slopes have frequently developed in interaction with glaciers, which had an influence on the evolution of the internal structure of slopes. This paper presents the results of geophysical surveys (electrical resistivity tomography – ERT and ground-penetrating radar – GPR) of the talus slopes near the Hans Glacier (SW Spitsbergen). The aim of investigations was to compare the talus slopes under the influence of glaciers in two different parts of the area in order to reveal differences in their internal structure. We assumed that different locations of talus slopes can have an influence on the slope structure, showing different stages of evolution of the talus slopes. The maximum thickness of studied slopes ranges from 20 m in a marginal zone of the glacier, to up to 35 m without contact with the glacier. Permafrost begins at a depth of 2–3 m and can develop until bedrock is reached. The internal structure of these talus slopes contains glacial ice, which is covered by a layer of slope material with a thickness from a few to up to 10 m. The buried glacial ice is slowly melting simultaneously with the deglaciation of the area but can remain in the structure of the talus slopes for much longer. Morphogenetic processes, such as avalanches, rockfalls, and debris flows are most visible until the glacial ice is completely melted within the internal structure of the slope. Based on the geophysical and geomorphological data, general models were proposed for the early stages of evolution of talus slopes in valleys under deglaciation. © 2017 Elsevier B.V.},
note = {10},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
On Spitsbergen, which is 60% glaciated, talus slopes have frequently developed in interaction with glaciers, which had an influence on the evolution of the internal structure of slopes. This paper presents the results of geophysical surveys (electrical resistivity tomography – ERT and ground-penetrating radar – GPR) of the talus slopes near the Hans Glacier (SW Spitsbergen). The aim of investigations was to compare the talus slopes under the influence of glaciers in two different parts of the area in order to reveal differences in their internal structure. We assumed that different locations of talus slopes can have an influence on the slope structure, showing different stages of evolution of the talus slopes. The maximum thickness of studied slopes ranges from 20 m in a marginal zone of the glacier, to up to 35 m without contact with the glacier. Permafrost begins at a depth of 2–3 m and can develop until bedrock is reached. The internal structure of these talus slopes contains glacial ice, which is covered by a layer of slope material with a thickness from a few to up to 10 m. The buried glacial ice is slowly melting simultaneously with the deglaciation of the area but can remain in the structure of the talus slopes for much longer. Morphogenetic processes, such as avalanches, rockfalls, and debris flows are most visible until the glacial ice is completely melted within the internal structure of the slope. Based on the geophysical and geomorphological data, general models were proposed for the early stages of evolution of talus slopes in valleys under deglaciation. © 2017 Elsevier B.V.
2016
Gądek, B.; Grabiec, M.; Kedzia, S.; Rączkowska, Z.
Reflection of climate changes in the structure and morphodynamics of talus slopes (the Tatra Mountains, Poland) Journal Article
In: Geomorphology, vol. 263, pp. 39-49, 2016, ISSN: 0169555X, (19).
@article{2-s2.0-84962028438,
title = {Reflection of climate changes in the structure and morphodynamics of talus slopes (the Tatra Mountains, Poland)},
author = { B. Gądek and M. Grabiec and S. Kedzia and Z. Rączkowska},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84962028438&doi=10.1016%2fj.geomorph.2016.03.024&partnerID=40&md5=a19f20c098d4d35af623800c8dba2c8e},
doi = {10.1016/j.geomorph.2016.03.024},
issn = {0169555X},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Geomorphology},
volume = {263},
pages = {39-49},
publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
abstract = {Talus slopes beside glaciers are among the best objects to research on climate change. In the Tatra Mountains, the highest mountains of central Europe, no glaciers remain, only glacierets and permafrost. For that reasona complex investigation of talus slopes was conducted there in the years 2009-2010. This paper presents the results of GPR and lichenometric measurements of the talus slopes in six glacial cirques located in the High and Western Tatras. The thickness and internal structure of talus slopes were identified along with the variability and conditions of their development. Maximum thickness of the talus slopes ranges from 20 to 35 m, reaching higher values in the High Tatras. The diversity of the thickness of the talus slopes within the Tatras is mostly explained by differences in the relief conditioned by lithology. The diverse altitudinal locations of the talus slopes, and the exposure and inclinations are not reflected in the size and thickness. The thickness of the studied slopes depends primarily on the activity of the processes supplying rock material and on the size and shape of the sediment supply area. The results of the lichenometric testing together with the analysis of the long-term precipitation data imply a several hundred-year-long deterioration of the climate during the Little Ice Age, which is reflected in the increased activity of morphogenetic processes on the talus slopes across the whole massif of the Tatras. In the last 200 years, the talus slopes of the Tatras were most active in three periods: at the end of the Little Ice Age, in the 1930s and 1940s, and in the early 1970s. © 2016 Elsevier B.V.},
note = {19},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Talus slopes beside glaciers are among the best objects to research on climate change. In the Tatra Mountains, the highest mountains of central Europe, no glaciers remain, only glacierets and permafrost. For that reasona complex investigation of talus slopes was conducted there in the years 2009-2010. This paper presents the results of GPR and lichenometric measurements of the talus slopes in six glacial cirques located in the High and Western Tatras. The thickness and internal structure of talus slopes were identified along with the variability and conditions of their development. Maximum thickness of the talus slopes ranges from 20 to 35 m, reaching higher values in the High Tatras. The diversity of the thickness of the talus slopes within the Tatras is mostly explained by differences in the relief conditioned by lithology. The diverse altitudinal locations of the talus slopes, and the exposure and inclinations are not reflected in the size and thickness. The thickness of the studied slopes depends primarily on the activity of the processes supplying rock material and on the size and shape of the sediment supply area. The results of the lichenometric testing together with the analysis of the long-term precipitation data imply a several hundred-year-long deterioration of the climate during the Little Ice Age, which is reflected in the increased activity of morphogenetic processes on the talus slopes across the whole massif of the Tatras. In the last 200 years, the talus slopes of the Tatras were most active in three periods: at the end of the Little Ice Age, in the 1930s and 1940s, and in the early 1970s. © 2016 Elsevier B.V.
Gądek, B.; Grabiec, M.; Rączkowska, Z.; Maciata, A.
Variability of the snow avalanche danger in the Tatra Mountains during the past nine decades Journal Article
In: Geographia Polonica, vol. 89, no. 1, pp. 65-77, 2016, ISSN: 00167282, (6).
@article{2-s2.0-84962024797,
title = {Variability of the snow avalanche danger in the Tatra Mountains during the past nine decades},
author = { B. Gądek and M. Grabiec and Z. Rączkowska and A. Maciata},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84962024797&doi=10.7163%2fGPol.0046&partnerID=40&md5=0e101cb2cc991350bc726e6686db236b},
doi = {10.7163/GPol.0046},
issn = {00167282},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Geographia Polonica},
volume = {89},
number = {1},
pages = {65-77},
publisher = {Polska Akademia Nauk},
abstract = {In order to recognise the variability of the snow avalanche danger in the Tatra Mountains, the danger levels on consecutive days with snow cover over the last nine decades were calculated. To accomplish this task, the longest series of meteorological data were used from the Tatras along with an empirical method for determining the regional avalanche danger on the basis of elementary meteorological data. The results point to the fact that over the last 25 years the number of days with a level 2 avalanche danger significantly decreased, whereas the number of days with level 1 increased. This should result in a decreasing trend in the incidence of small and medium-sized natural avalanches. In the structure of snow cover, the percentage of melt forms might increase. However, this should not correlate with a significant increase in wet-snow avalanches, because the number of days with wet snow also reduces. The contemporary changes in the snow conditions and avalanche danger in the subalpine belt of the Tatras have been primarily associated with an increase in the air temperature (shorter winters and less snow). © 2016, Bogdan Gądek et al.},
note = {6},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
In order to recognise the variability of the snow avalanche danger in the Tatra Mountains, the danger levels on consecutive days with snow cover over the last nine decades were calculated. To accomplish this task, the longest series of meteorological data were used from the Tatras along with an empirical method for determining the regional avalanche danger on the basis of elementary meteorological data. The results point to the fact that over the last 25 years the number of days with a level 2 avalanche danger significantly decreased, whereas the number of days with level 1 increased. This should result in a decreasing trend in the incidence of small and medium-sized natural avalanches. In the structure of snow cover, the percentage of melt forms might increase. However, this should not correlate with a significant increase in wet-snow avalanches, because the number of days with wet snow also reduces. The contemporary changes in the snow conditions and avalanche danger in the subalpine belt of the Tatras have been primarily associated with an increase in the air temperature (shorter winters and less snow). © 2016, Bogdan Gądek et al.
2015
Zemp, M.; Frey, H.; Gärtner-Roer, I.; Nussbaumer, S. U.; Hoelzle, M.; Paul, F.; Haeberli, W.; Denzinger, F.; Ahlstrøm, A. P.; Anderson, B.; Bajracharya, S.; Baroni, C.; Braun, L. N.; Càceres, B. E.; Casassa, G.; Cobos, G.; Dàvila, L. R.; Granados, H. Delgado; Demuth, M. N.; Espizua, L.; Fischer, A.; Fujita, K.; Gądek, B.; Ghazanfar, A.; Hagen, J. O. M.; Holmlund, P.; Karimi, N.; Li, Z.; Pelto, M.; Pitte, P.; Popovnin, V. V.; Portocarrero, C. A.; Prinz, R.; Sangewar, C. V.; Severskiy, I.; Sigurdsson, O.; Soruco, A.; Usubaliev, R.; Vincent, C.
Historically unprecedented global glacier decline in the early 21st century Journal Article
In: Journal of Glaciology, vol. 61, no. 228, pp. 745-762, 2015, ISSN: 00221430, (428).
@article{2-s2.0-84942412852,
title = {Historically unprecedented global glacier decline in the early 21st century},
author = { M. Zemp and H. Frey and I. Gärtner-Roer and S.U. Nussbaumer and M. Hoelzle and F. Paul and W. Haeberli and F. Denzinger and A.P. Ahlstrøm and B. Anderson and S. Bajracharya and C. Baroni and L.N. Braun and B.E. Càceres and G. Casassa and G. Cobos and L.R. Dàvila and H. Delgado Granados and M.N. Demuth and L. Espizua and A. Fischer and K. Fujita and B. Gądek and A. Ghazanfar and J.O.M. Hagen and P. Holmlund and N. Karimi and Z. Li and M. Pelto and P. Pitte and V.V. Popovnin and C.A. Portocarrero and R. Prinz and C.V. Sangewar and I. Severskiy and O. Sigurdsson and A. Soruco and R. Usubaliev and C. Vincent},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84942412852&doi=10.3189%2f2015JoG15J017&partnerID=40&md5=873ba7676df8c3619dd96f52f11b26f9},
doi = {10.3189/2015JoG15J017},
issn = {00221430},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Glaciology},
volume = {61},
number = {228},
pages = {745-762},
publisher = {International Glaciology Society},
abstract = {Observations show that glaciers around the world are in retreat and losing mass. Internationally coordinated for over a century, glacier monitoring activities provide an unprecedented dataset of glacier observations from ground, air and space. Glacier studies generally select specific parts of these datasets to obtain optimal assessments of the mass-balance data relating to the impact that glaciers exercise on global sea-level fluctuations or on regional runoff. In this study we provide an overview and analysis of the main observational datasets compiled by the World Glacier Monitoring Service (WGMS). The dataset on glacier front variations (∼42 000 since 1600) delivers clear evidence that centennial glacier retreat is a global phenomenon. Intermittent readvance periods at regional and decadal scale are normally restricted to a subsample of glaciers and have not come close to achieving the maximum positions of the Little Ice Age (or Holocene). Glaciological and geodetic observations (∼5200 since 1850) show that the rates of early 21st-century mass loss are without precedent on a global scale, at least for the time period observed and probably also for recorded history, as indicated also in reconstructions from written and illustrated documents. This strong imbalance implies that glaciers in many regions will very likely suffer further ice loss, even if climate remains stable.},
note = {428},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Observations show that glaciers around the world are in retreat and losing mass. Internationally coordinated for over a century, glacier monitoring activities provide an unprecedented dataset of glacier observations from ground, air and space. Glacier studies generally select specific parts of these datasets to obtain optimal assessments of the mass-balance data relating to the impact that glaciers exercise on global sea-level fluctuations or on regional runoff. In this study we provide an overview and analysis of the main observational datasets compiled by the World Glacier Monitoring Service (WGMS). The dataset on glacier front variations (∼42 000 since 1600) delivers clear evidence that centennial glacier retreat is a global phenomenon. Intermittent readvance periods at regional and decadal scale are normally restricted to a subsample of glaciers and have not come close to achieving the maximum positions of the Little Ice Age (or Holocene). Glaciological and geodetic observations (∼5200 since 1850) show that the rates of early 21st-century mass loss are without precedent on a global scale, at least for the time period observed and probably also for recorded history, as indicated also in reconstructions from written and illustrated documents. This strong imbalance implies that glaciers in many regions will very likely suffer further ice loss, even if climate remains stable.
2014
Gądek, B.
Climatic sensitivity of the non-glaciated mountains cryosphere (Tatra Mts., Poland and Slovakia) Journal Article
In: Global and Planetary Change, vol. 121, pp. 1-8, 2014, ISSN: 09218181, (11).
@article{2-s2.0-84904573053,
title = {Climatic sensitivity of the non-glaciated mountains cryosphere (Tatra Mts., Poland and Slovakia)},
author = { B. Gądek},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84904573053&doi=10.1016%2fj.gloplacha.2014.07.001&partnerID=40&md5=db2c41d010a8856cbdb8e68e8d4e0f90},
doi = {10.1016/j.gloplacha.2014.07.001},
issn = {09218181},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {Global and Planetary Change},
volume = {121},
pages = {1-8},
publisher = {Elsevier},
abstract = {This paper concerns the response of the conditioned by orography cryosphere of the non-glaciated mountains of mid-latitude to the climate impulses. It presents the relationships among the air temperature, precipitation, snow cover, lake ice cover, firn-ice patches (glacierets) and permafrost in the Tatras. The data from the warmest multi-year in the history of the local meteorological measurements and statistical models (multiple regression) have been used. The results indicate that all the components of the contemporary cryosphere are very sensitive to the changes in the air temperature in winter or snow precipitation/accumulation. Due to the diverse orographic conditions, interannual variability of seasonal and perennial, surface and subsurface ice deposits in the mountain areas may not be synchronous. However, the long-term trends of this variability reflect the changes in the global climate system. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.},
note = {11},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This paper concerns the response of the conditioned by orography cryosphere of the non-glaciated mountains of mid-latitude to the climate impulses. It presents the relationships among the air temperature, precipitation, snow cover, lake ice cover, firn-ice patches (glacierets) and permafrost in the Tatras. The data from the warmest multi-year in the history of the local meteorological measurements and statistical models (multiple regression) have been used. The results indicate that all the components of the contemporary cryosphere are very sensitive to the changes in the air temperature in winter or snow precipitation/accumulation. Due to the diverse orographic conditions, interannual variability of seasonal and perennial, surface and subsurface ice deposits in the mountain areas may not be synchronous. However, the long-term trends of this variability reflect the changes in the global climate system. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.
2012
Gądek, B.; Leszkiewicz, J.
Impact of climate warming on the ground surface temperature in the sporadic permafrost zone of the Tatra Mountains, Poland and Slovakia Journal Article
In: Cold Regions Science and Technology, vol. 79-80, pp. 75-83, 2012, ISSN: 0165232X, (20).
@article{2-s2.0-84861339169,
title = {Impact of climate warming on the ground surface temperature in the sporadic permafrost zone of the Tatra Mountains, Poland and Slovakia},
author = { B. Gądek and J. Leszkiewicz},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84861339169&doi=10.1016%2fj.coldregions.2012.03.006&partnerID=40&md5=b21916d4fd9818e5dfb37820c6a6e2d6},
doi = {10.1016/j.coldregions.2012.03.006},
issn = {0165232X},
year = {2012},
date = {2012-01-01},
journal = {Cold Regions Science and Technology},
volume = {79-80},
pages = {75-83},
abstract = {This paper examines the influence of climate change on the temperature of a debris slope surface in the zone of sporadic permafrost occurrence in the Tatra Mountains. This involved applications of linear regression equations which describe statistical dependence of the ground surface temperature (GST) upon the current air temperature in snow-free periods, or upon the previous air temperature and snow depth. These equations are validated using the daily air temperature and snow depth at a reference synoptic station and GST at 5 sites located in different topographic conditions. In order to estimate mean winter half-year, mean summer half-year and mean annual GST at these sites in hydrological years 1955-2010, archival meteorological data were used. The maximum errors in these estimations, determined for two reference years, were 0.5. °C, 0.2. °C and 0.1. °C respectively. The results show that the debris slopes thermal sensitivity to climate warming decreases with the increase of: a) shading, 2) altitude, and 3) depth of seasonal snow cover. In general, the changes of the air temperature influence the changes of mean annual ground surface temperature more in snow-free periods than in snow periods, whereas the degradation of orographically conditioned permafrost patches occurs faster in the places where snow cover is thin during the whole winter. The decrease of the depth of a thick snow cover may be accompanied by the decrease of its bottom temperature, despite the increase of the winter air temperature. We infer that in special orographic-nival conditions, the increase of mean annual air temperature may be accompanied by the decrease of mean annual ground surface temperature. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.},
note = {20},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This paper examines the influence of climate change on the temperature of a debris slope surface in the zone of sporadic permafrost occurrence in the Tatra Mountains. This involved applications of linear regression equations which describe statistical dependence of the ground surface temperature (GST) upon the current air temperature in snow-free periods, or upon the previous air temperature and snow depth. These equations are validated using the daily air temperature and snow depth at a reference synoptic station and GST at 5 sites located in different topographic conditions. In order to estimate mean winter half-year, mean summer half-year and mean annual GST at these sites in hydrological years 1955-2010, archival meteorological data were used. The maximum errors in these estimations, determined for two reference years, were 0.5. °C, 0.2. °C and 0.1. °C respectively. The results show that the debris slopes thermal sensitivity to climate warming decreases with the increase of: a) shading, 2) altitude, and 3) depth of seasonal snow cover. In general, the changes of the air temperature influence the changes of mean annual ground surface temperature more in snow-free periods than in snow periods, whereas the degradation of orographically conditioned permafrost patches occurs faster in the places where snow cover is thin during the whole winter. The decrease of the depth of a thick snow cover may be accompanied by the decrease of its bottom temperature, despite the increase of the winter air temperature. We infer that in special orographic-nival conditions, the increase of mean annual air temperature may be accompanied by the decrease of mean annual ground surface temperature. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.
Gądek, B.
Debris slopes ventilation in the periglacial zone of the Tatra Mountains (Poland and Slovakia): The indicators Journal Article
In: Cold Regions Science and Technology, vol. 74-75, pp. 1-10, 2012, ISSN: 0165232X, (12).
@article{2-s2.0-84857911347,
title = {Debris slopes ventilation in the periglacial zone of the Tatra Mountains (Poland and Slovakia): The indicators},
author = { B. Gądek},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84857911347&doi=10.1016%2fj.coldregions.2012.01.007&partnerID=40&md5=84a95f559ca03c6348088573dd80df4a},
doi = {10.1016/j.coldregions.2012.01.007},
issn = {0165232X},
year = {2012},
date = {2012-01-01},
journal = {Cold Regions Science and Technology},
volume = {74-75},
pages = {1-10},
abstract = {This paper examines environmental indicators of debris slopes ventilation in the periglacial zone of the Tatra Mountains. Geomorphological and meteorological influences on ground surface temperature anomaly, hoarfrost, air ventilation funnels and snow melt windows, were analyzed as well as locations of long-lying snow and permafrost patches. The results show that debris slope ventilation is a common phenomenon occurring in different periods of the year. Its range is influenced mainly by substratum porosity (ground and snow cover), and the difference between the pressure inside and outside this medium (pore and atmospheric air temperature/dense; wind velocity). The height of the slope ('chimney') is less important. Some phenomena assumed to be evidences of slope ventilation are often connected with other factors influencing the thermal balance of the ground and the size of snow accumulation. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.},
note = {12},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This paper examines environmental indicators of debris slopes ventilation in the periglacial zone of the Tatra Mountains. Geomorphological and meteorological influences on ground surface temperature anomaly, hoarfrost, air ventilation funnels and snow melt windows, were analyzed as well as locations of long-lying snow and permafrost patches. The results show that debris slope ventilation is a common phenomenon occurring in different periods of the year. Its range is influenced mainly by substratum porosity (ground and snow cover), and the difference between the pressure inside and outside this medium (pore and atmospheric air temperature/dense; wind velocity). The height of the slope ('chimney') is less important. Some phenomena assumed to be evidences of slope ventilation are often connected with other factors influencing the thermal balance of the ground and the size of snow accumulation. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.
2011
Dobiński, W.; Grabiec, M.; Gądek, B.
In: Geological Quarterly, vol. 55, no. 4, pp. 375-388, 2011, ISSN: 16417291, (17).
@article{2-s2.0-84855509649,
title = {Spatial relationship in interaction between glacier and permafrost in different mountainous environments of high and mid latitudes, based on GPR research},
author = { W. Dobiński and M. Grabiec and B. Gądek},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84855509649&partnerID=40&md5=5a2d6fd4ed1331e210baf4982635de7d},
issn = {16417291},
year = {2011},
date = {2011-01-01},
journal = {Geological Quarterly},
volume = {55},
number = {4},
pages = {375-388},
abstract = {Ground penetrating radar (GPR) surveys were conducted on both the glaciers and their forefields inthe Tatra Mountains, Northern Scandinavia and on Spitsbergen-between the 49° and 77° latitudes. The results show that the glacial and periglacial environments interpenetrate. Permafrost is present in the glacier, and glacial ice may occur in the periglacial environment. What is common for both the environments is the perennial melting point surface, with the temperature close to 0°C. In the glacier it is the boundary of the cold-tem-perate transition surface and on the forefield - permafrost base.},
note = {17},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Ground penetrating radar (GPR) surveys were conducted on both the glaciers and their forefields inthe Tatra Mountains, Northern Scandinavia and on Spitsbergen-between the 49° and 77° latitudes. The results show that the glacial and periglacial environments interpenetrate. Permafrost is present in the glacier, and glacial ice may occur in the periglacial environment. What is common for both the environments is the perennial melting point surface, with the temperature close to 0°C. In the glacier it is the boundary of the cold-tem-perate transition surface and on the forefield - permafrost base.
Gądek, B.
Long-term variability of the tatra moutains cryosphere [Wieloletnia zmienność kriosfery tatr] Journal Article
In: Czasopismo Geograficzne, vol. 82, no. 4, pp. 371-385, 2011, ISSN: 00459453, (1).
@article{2-s2.0-84867272769,
title = {Long-term variability of the tatra moutains cryosphere [Wieloletnia zmienność kriosfery tatr]},
author = { B. Gądek},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84867272769&partnerID=40&md5=aadee936872bb81c8bcc111cb1a75419},
issn = {00459453},
year = {2011},
date = {2011-01-01},
journal = {Czasopismo Geograficzne},
volume = {82},
number = {4},
pages = {371-385},
publisher = {Polish Geographical Society},
abstract = {The work presents multi-annual variability of cryosphere components in the Tatra Mountains in the second part of the 20 th century and in the first decade of the 21 st century. The results of direct field observations and methods of description statistics, moving averages and linear models were applied. The following values were calculated: maximum and minimum values, mean arithmetic values with standard errors, standard deviations, 11-years moving averages. Trends of the investigated data with normal distribution were calculated using the method of smallest squares, and their statistical significance was checked with t test (significance level α≤0;05). The determined trends poorly explain the multi-annual variability of cryosphere in the Tatras and they are usually not statistically significant. On the other hand, the trends of development of seasonal and multiannual, ground and underground components of cryosphere were convergent, despite the fact that they are different in terms of their susceptibility to climatic impulses. The obtained results revealed: a) decrease of days with snow cover and maximal thickness of snow cover, b) decrease of duration and thickness of ice cover on lakes, c) intensive mass exchange ("rejuvenation") of glacierets, and d) degradation of permafrost patches. These changes evidence an air temperature increase both in winter seasons and summer seasons and the decrease of snow precipitation. They are also consistent with global changes of cryosphere.},
note = {1},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The work presents multi-annual variability of cryosphere components in the Tatra Mountains in the second part of the 20 th century and in the first decade of the 21 st century. The results of direct field observations and methods of description statistics, moving averages and linear models were applied. The following values were calculated: maximum and minimum values, mean arithmetic values with standard errors, standard deviations, 11-years moving averages. Trends of the investigated data with normal distribution were calculated using the method of smallest squares, and their statistical significance was checked with t test (significance level α≤0;05). The determined trends poorly explain the multi-annual variability of cryosphere in the Tatras and they are usually not statistically significant. On the other hand, the trends of development of seasonal and multiannual, ground and underground components of cryosphere were convergent, despite the fact that they are different in terms of their susceptibility to climatic impulses. The obtained results revealed: a) decrease of days with snow cover and maximal thickness of snow cover, b) decrease of duration and thickness of ice cover on lakes, c) intensive mass exchange ("rejuvenation") of glacierets, and d) degradation of permafrost patches. These changes evidence an air temperature increase both in winter seasons and summer seasons and the decrease of snow precipitation. They are also consistent with global changes of cryosphere.
2010
Gądek, B.; Leszkiewicz, J.
Influence of snow cover on ground surface temperature in the zone of sporadic permafrost, Tatra Mountains, Poland and Slovakia Journal Article
In: Cold Regions Science and Technology, vol. 60, no. 3, pp. 205-211, 2010, ISSN: 0165232X, (32).
@article{2-s2.0-72249119974,
title = {Influence of snow cover on ground surface temperature in the zone of sporadic permafrost, Tatra Mountains, Poland and Slovakia},
author = { B. Gądek and J. Leszkiewicz},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-72249119974&doi=10.1016%2fj.coldregions.2009.10.004&partnerID=40&md5=0f98600c953dfe25a905fe2152beb6aa},
doi = {10.1016/j.coldregions.2009.10.004},
issn = {0165232X},
year = {2010},
date = {2010-01-01},
journal = {Cold Regions Science and Technology},
volume = {60},
number = {3},
pages = {205-211},
abstract = {This paper examines a statistical relationship between air temperature, snow cover and its basal temperature in the zone of sporadic permafrost occurrence in the Tatra Mountains of Poland and Slovakia. A two-year record was analysed containing daily values of air temperature and snow cover depth at a reference station, and also winter ground surface temperature at 5 sites located in different topographic conditions. Correlation coefficients between the daily basal temperature of snow cover and mean air temperature or/and snow depth from previous days were calculated. The results show that inter-seasonal changes of winter ground surface temperature may be related both to changes in snow depth and air temperature in winter, and to air temperature changes in snow-free period. We infer that snow cover is an important but not necessarily a critical factor determining sporadic permafrost occurrence in the Tatra Mountains. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
note = {32},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This paper examines a statistical relationship between air temperature, snow cover and its basal temperature in the zone of sporadic permafrost occurrence in the Tatra Mountains of Poland and Slovakia. A two-year record was analysed containing daily values of air temperature and snow cover depth at a reference station, and also winter ground surface temperature at 5 sites located in different topographic conditions. Correlation coefficients between the daily basal temperature of snow cover and mean air temperature or/and snow depth from previous days were calculated. The results show that inter-seasonal changes of winter ground surface temperature may be related both to changes in snow depth and air temperature in winter, and to air temperature changes in snow-free period. We infer that snow cover is an important but not necessarily a critical factor determining sporadic permafrost occurrence in the Tatra Mountains. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
2009
Gądek, B.; Rączkowska, Z.; Żogała, B.
Debris slope morphodynamics as a permafrost indicator in the zone of sporadic permafrost, high Tatras, Slovakia Journal Article
In: Zeitschrift fur Geomorphologie, vol. 53, no. SUPPL. 2, pp. 79-100, 2009, ISSN: 03728854, (12).
@article{2-s2.0-77953278781,
title = {Debris slope morphodynamics as a permafrost indicator in the zone of sporadic permafrost, high Tatras, Slovakia},
author = { B. Gądek and Z. Rączkowska and B. Żogała},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77953278781&doi=10.1127%2f0372-8854%2f2009%2f0053S3-0079&partnerID=40&md5=97543fac95aed474082023a6dad5410b},
doi = {10.1127/0372-8854/2009/0053S3-0079},
issn = {03728854},
year = {2009},
date = {2009-01-01},
journal = {Zeitschrift fur Geomorphologie},
volume = {53},
number = {SUPPL. 2},
pages = {79-100},
abstract = {The aim of the paper is to identify morphodynamic features of the debris slope that might serve as permafrost indicators in the zone of its sporadic occurrence. The studies were performed in the Medena kotlina valley, the Slovak High Tatras. The identification was based on geophysical investigations (monitoring of GST; FEM and VES) which resulted in recognition of horizontal and vertical extend of permafrost as well as active layer depth. The geophysical examination was complied with geomorphological studies (detailed geomorphological mapping; measurement of debris fabric and transfer). Analysis of the slope relief in the study area does not provide unequivocal evidences of permafrost influence. Neither permafrost indicative landforms nor large periglacial forms were found. The presence of permafrost in debris slope is reflected by a significant slope surface instability - lack of compaction, cracks around boulders submerged in fine material (loosing of material), mobility of debris and clast fabric.},
note = {12},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The aim of the paper is to identify morphodynamic features of the debris slope that might serve as permafrost indicators in the zone of its sporadic occurrence. The studies were performed in the Medena kotlina valley, the Slovak High Tatras. The identification was based on geophysical investigations (monitoring of GST; FEM and VES) which resulted in recognition of horizontal and vertical extend of permafrost as well as active layer depth. The geophysical examination was complied with geomorphological studies (detailed geomorphological mapping; measurement of debris fabric and transfer). Analysis of the slope relief in the study area does not provide unequivocal evidences of permafrost influence. Neither permafrost indicative landforms nor large periglacial forms were found. The presence of permafrost in debris slope is reflected by a significant slope surface instability - lack of compaction, cracks around boulders submerged in fine material (loosing of material), mobility of debris and clast fabric.
Gądek, B.; Kedzia, S.
Problemy detekcji wieloletniej zmarzliny na podstawie temperatury u spagu zimowej pokrywy śnieznej na przyktadzie tatr Journal Article
In: Przeglad Geograficzny, vol. 81, no. 1, pp. 75-91, 2009, ISSN: 00332143, (4).
@article{2-s2.0-67149118903,
title = {Problemy detekcji wieloletniej zmarzliny na podstawie temperatury u spagu zimowej pokrywy śnieznej na przyktadzie tatr},
author = { B. Gądek and S. Kedzia},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-67149118903&doi=10.7163%2fprzg.2009.4.3&partnerID=40&md5=19aded3e9d973492a3cc704ba10e8ad9},
doi = {10.7163/przg.2009.4.3},
issn = {00332143},
year = {2009},
date = {2009-01-01},
journal = {Przeglad Geograficzny},
volume = {81},
number = {1},
pages = {75-91},
publisher = {Polska Akademia Nauk},
abstract = {W pracy przedstawiono wyniki zimowego monitoringu temperatury powierzchni gruntu w piEtrze alpejskim Tatr, na stanowiskach, w których wcześniej udokumentowano istnienie lub brak wieloletniej zmarzliny. Świadcza one, że (1) konwencjonalna interpretacja wyników kartowania wieloletniej zmarzliny metoda BTS może być zawodna; (2) współczesna wieloletnia zmarzlina w piEtrze alpejskim Tatr rozwija siE zarówno pod cienka jak i pod gruba pokrywa śnieżna, a jej istnienie może być zwiazane głównie z lokalna cyrkulacja zimnego powietrza nad powierzchnia terenu. Słowa kluczowe: wieloletnia zmarzlina, temperatura powierzchni gruntu, BTS, Tatry.},
note = {4},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
W pracy przedstawiono wyniki zimowego monitoringu temperatury powierzchni gruntu w piEtrze alpejskim Tatr, na stanowiskach, w których wcześniej udokumentowano istnienie lub brak wieloletniej zmarzliny. Świadcza one, że (1) konwencjonalna interpretacja wyników kartowania wieloletniej zmarzliny metoda BTS może być zawodna; (2) współczesna wieloletnia zmarzlina w piEtrze alpejskim Tatr rozwija siE zarówno pod cienka jak i pod gruba pokrywa śnieżna, a jej istnienie może być zwiazane głównie z lokalna cyrkulacja zimnego powietrza nad powierzchnia terenu. Słowa kluczowe: wieloletnia zmarzlina, temperatura powierzchni gruntu, BTS, Tatry.
2008
Gądek, B.; Kedzia, S.
Winter ground surface temperature regimes in the zone of sporadic discontinuous permafrost, Tatra mountains (Poland and Slovakia) Journal Article
In: Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 315-321, 2008, ISSN: 10456740, (28).
@article{2-s2.0-52949093448,
title = {Winter ground surface temperature regimes in the zone of sporadic discontinuous permafrost, Tatra mountains (Poland and Slovakia)},
author = { B. Gądek and S. Kedzia},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-52949093448&doi=10.1002%2fppp.623&partnerID=40&md5=ee22491e21d5526a172a9f99f7f2842b},
doi = {10.1002/ppp.623},
issn = {10456740},
year = {2008},
date = {2008-01-01},
journal = {Permafrost and Periglacial Processes},
volume = {19},
number = {3},
pages = {315-321},
abstract = {Ground surface temperatures in the zone of sporadic discontinuous permafrost in the Tatra Mountains were monitored over two winters at sites where either permafrost or deep seasonal frost had been previously posited. The results show that contemporary permafrost can exist beneath both thick and thin snow covers. We infer that its presence may relate more to local circulation of cold air over the surface and low summer solar irradiation than to elevation and snowpack development. Copyright 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.},
note = {28},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Ground surface temperatures in the zone of sporadic discontinuous permafrost in the Tatra Mountains were monitored over two winters at sites where either permafrost or deep seasonal frost had been previously posited. The results show that contemporary permafrost can exist beneath both thick and thin snow covers. We infer that its presence may relate more to local circulation of cold air over the surface and low summer solar irradiation than to elevation and snowpack development. Copyright 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gądek, B.
The problem of firn-ice patches in the polish tatras as an indicator of climatic fluctuations Journal Article
In: Geographia Polonica, vol. 81, no. 1, pp. 41-52, 2008, ISSN: 00167282, (18).
@article{2-s2.0-60149111576,
title = {The problem of firn-ice patches in the polish tatras as an indicator of climatic fluctuations},
author = { B. Gądek},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-60149111576&partnerID=40&md5=b3522736e5ef7865f40f3fb3a022551e},
issn = {00167282},
year = {2008},
date = {2008-01-01},
journal = {Geographia Polonica},
volume = {81},
number = {1},
pages = {41-52},
abstract = {This paper attempts to determine the relationship between multi-annual variability of air temperature, precipitation and wind velocity, and changes in the front limits of the perennial firn-ice forms (glacierets) developing under different topographic conditions. Problems with the palaeoclimatic interpretation of their internal structure are also discussed. The obtained results attest to the fact that fluctuations in firn-ice patches in the Tatras are probably most connected with the weather regimes in winter seasons. Similar changes of individual forms depend on their similarity in terms of type of snow accumulation and the altitude at which they are located.},
note = {18},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This paper attempts to determine the relationship between multi-annual variability of air temperature, precipitation and wind velocity, and changes in the front limits of the perennial firn-ice forms (glacierets) developing under different topographic conditions. Problems with the palaeoclimatic interpretation of their internal structure are also discussed. The obtained results attest to the fact that fluctuations in firn-ice patches in the Tatras are probably most connected with the weather regimes in winter seasons. Similar changes of individual forms depend on their similarity in terms of type of snow accumulation and the altitude at which they are located.
2003
Gądek, B.
In: Przeglad Geofizyczny, vol. 48, no. 3-4, pp. 195-204, 2003, ISSN: 00332135, (1).
@article{2-s2.0-2942520955,
title = {The relation of heat balance and melting of the surface of Miȩguszowiecki Glacieret in Tatra Mountains with air temperature [Zwia̧zek bilansu cieplnego i topnienia powierzchni lodowczyka Miȩguszowieckiego w Tatrach z temperatura̧ powietrza]},
author = { B. Gądek},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-2942520955&partnerID=40&md5=2d00bbaa3ee46a82cbcb5e77f9d2864c},
issn = {00332135},
year = {2003},
date = {2003-01-01},
journal = {Przeglad Geofizyczny},
volume = {48},
number = {3-4},
pages = {195-204},
abstract = {This paper presents an attempt to determine the size of melting of the surface of Miģuszowiecki Glacieret in Polish Tatra Mountains basing on the heat balance of this surface. The obtained results confirm a strong relation between physical ablation of snow cover with air temperature. The size of snow melting should not be however determined basing on a permanent factor PDD. The linear regression equation is very useful, because it defines the relation of the ablation with daily air temperature. The parameters of these equations show temporal and spatial variability. The relation between the surface melting of Miȩguszowiecki Glacieret and mean daily air temperature in July during cloudy and rainy weather is well defined by linear equations with the parameters: α = 0.411 and β = 2.808. The determination of α i β values representative for the whole ablation period requires to repeat measurements in Kociol Miȩguszowiecki in different weather conditions in the months May-October.},
note = {1},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This paper presents an attempt to determine the size of melting of the surface of Miģuszowiecki Glacieret in Polish Tatra Mountains basing on the heat balance of this surface. The obtained results confirm a strong relation between physical ablation of snow cover with air temperature. The size of snow melting should not be however determined basing on a permanent factor PDD. The linear regression equation is very useful, because it defines the relation of the ablation with daily air temperature. The parameters of these equations show temporal and spatial variability. The relation between the surface melting of Miȩguszowiecki Glacieret and mean daily air temperature in July during cloudy and rainy weather is well defined by linear equations with the parameters: α = 0.411 and β = 2.808. The determination of α i β values representative for the whole ablation period requires to repeat measurements in Kociol Miȩguszowiecki in different weather conditions in the months May-October.
Gądek, B.; Kotyrba, A.
In: Przeglad Geologiczny, vol. 51, no. 12, pp. 1044-1047, 2003, ISSN: 00332151, (8).
@article{2-s2.0-0346934904,
title = {Internal structure of Miȩguszowiecki Glacieret (Tatra Mountains, southern Poland) in the light of results of georadar investigations [Struktura wewnȩtrzna Lodowczyka Miȩguszowieckiego (Tatry) w świetle wyników badán georadarowych]},
author = { B. Gądek and A. Kotyrba},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0346934904&partnerID=40&md5=ba1f9a3d368c5d1ebfaee924ee404d08},
issn = {00332151},
year = {2003},
date = {2003-01-01},
journal = {Przeglad Geologiczny},
volume = {51},
number = {12},
pages = {1044-1047},
abstract = {This paper presents results of detailed ground-penetrating radar (GPR) surveys at 500 MHz of Miȩguszowiecki Glacieret in Polish Tatra Mountains. The recorded radar image shows a complete internal structure of the glacieret together with its substratum. The maximal thickness of the ice is about 15 m. Among the dozens of the reflection horizons recorded, the strongest 10 ones correspond probably with stratigraphic gaps. Their packing suggests rotational movement. The documented structure of the glacieret shows that this form is in the recession stage, what is associated with climatic conditions, which have prevailed in Tatra Mountains after the Little Ice Age.},
note = {8},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This paper presents results of detailed ground-penetrating radar (GPR) surveys at 500 MHz of Miȩguszowiecki Glacieret in Polish Tatra Mountains. The recorded radar image shows a complete internal structure of the glacieret together with its substratum. The maximal thickness of the ice is about 15 m. Among the dozens of the reflection horizons recorded, the strongest 10 ones correspond probably with stratigraphic gaps. Their packing suggests rotational movement. The documented structure of the glacieret shows that this form is in the recession stage, what is associated with climatic conditions, which have prevailed in Tatra Mountains after the Little Ice Age.
Gądek, B.; Kotyrba, A.
Ancient ice in Tatra Mountains? [Kopalny lód lodowcowy w Tatrach?] Journal Article
In: Przeglad Geologiczny, vol. 51, no. 7, pp. 571-, 2003, ISSN: 00332151, (7).
@article{2-s2.0-0142058889,
title = {Ancient ice in Tatra Mountains? [Kopalny lód lodowcowy w Tatrach?]},
author = { B. Gądek and A. Kotyrba},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0142058889&partnerID=40&md5=778ef2dbcd56ba297e98424c436ef3e4},
issn = {00332151},
year = {2003},
date = {2003-01-01},
journal = {Przeglad Geologiczny},
volume = {51},
number = {7},
pages = {571-},
abstract = {[No abstract available]},
note = {7},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
[No abstract available]
Gądek, B.; Caputa, Z. A.
In: Przeglad Geograficzny, vol. 75, no. 2, pp. 287-298, 2003, ISSN: 00332143, (2).
@article{2-s2.0-0042655259,
title = {Structure of the heat balance of the Miȩguszowiecki Glacieret (Tatra Mts) in summer in the period of high cloudiness and precipitation [Struktura bilansu cieplnego Lodowczyka Miȩguszowieckiego (Tatry) latem w okresie duzego zachmurzenia i opadów]},
author = { B. Gądek and Z.A. Caputa},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0042655259&partnerID=40&md5=b158df36152db86b7a125c6bc37d6bc6},
issn = {00332143},
year = {2003},
date = {2003-01-01},
journal = {Przeglad Geograficzny},
volume = {75},
number = {2},
pages = {287-298},
abstract = {[No abstract available]},
note = {2},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
[No abstract available]
1999
Moore, J. C.; Pälli, A.; Ludwig, F.; Blatter, H.; Jania, J. A.; Gądek, B.; Głowacki, P.; Mochnacki, D.; Isaksson, E.
High-resolution hydrothermal structure of Hansbreen, Spitsbergen, mapped by ground-penetrating radar Journal Article
In: Journal of Glaciology, vol. 45, no. 151, pp. 524-532, 1999, ISSN: 00221430, (66).
@article{2-s2.0-0342313519,
title = {High-resolution hydrothermal structure of Hansbreen, Spitsbergen, mapped by ground-penetrating radar},
author = { J.C. Moore and A. Pälli and F. Ludwig and H. Blatter and J.A. Jania and B. Gądek and P. Głowacki and D. Mochnacki and E. Isaksson},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0342313519&doi=10.1017%2fS0022143000001386&partnerID=40&md5=480156f2265c87c8f0213e53e13e4fa5},
doi = {10.1017/S0022143000001386},
issn = {00221430},
year = {1999},
date = {1999-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Glaciology},
volume = {45},
number = {151},
pages = {524-532},
publisher = {International Glaciology Society},
abstract = {Detailed ground-penetrating radar (GPR) surveys at 50 and 200 MHz on Hansbreen, a polythermal glacier in southern Svalbard, are presented and interpreted. Comparison of the variations in character of the radar reflections with borehole thermometry and water levels in moulins suggests that GPR can be used to study the hydrothermal properties of the glacier. The high resolution of the GPR data shows that the hydrothermal structure of the glacier is highly variable both along the centre line and on transverse profiles. Water contents for many places and depths within the glacier were calculated by estimating radar-wave velocities to point reflectors. We find typical water contents of 1-2% for the temperate ice, but wetter ice associated with surface crevassing and moulins (typically 4% water content). There is evidence that wet ice sometimes overlays drier ice. The hydrothermal structure is thus shown to be very complex. Temperature gradients in the cold ice indicate freezing rates of temperate ice below cold ice of 0.1-0.5 m a-1, while isolated point reflectors within the cold ice indicate large water-filled bodies that are probably related to the regular drainage structure of the glacier.},
note = {66},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Detailed ground-penetrating radar (GPR) surveys at 50 and 200 MHz on Hansbreen, a polythermal glacier in southern Svalbard, are presented and interpreted. Comparison of the variations in character of the radar reflections with borehole thermometry and water levels in moulins suggests that GPR can be used to study the hydrothermal properties of the glacier. The high resolution of the GPR data shows that the hydrothermal structure of the glacier is highly variable both along the centre line and on transverse profiles. Water contents for many places and depths within the glacier were calculated by estimating radar-wave velocities to point reflectors. We find typical water contents of 1-2% for the temperate ice, but wetter ice associated with surface crevassing and moulins (typically 4% water content). There is evidence that wet ice sometimes overlays drier ice. The hydrothermal structure is thus shown to be very complex. Temperature gradients in the cold ice indicate freezing rates of temperate ice below cold ice of 0.1-0.5 m a-1, while isolated point reflectors within the cold ice indicate large water-filled bodies that are probably related to the regular drainage structure of the glacier.
1996
Dobiński, W.; Gądek, B.; Żogała, B.
Wyniki geoelektrycznych badań osadów czwartorzçdowych w piçtrze alpejskim Tatr Wysokich Journal Article
In: Przeglad Geologiczny, vol. 44, no. 3, pp. 259-261, 1996, ISSN: 00332151, (8).
@article{2-s2.0-0007718924,
title = {Wyniki geoelektrycznych badań osadów czwartorzçdowych w piçtrze alpejskim Tatr Wysokich},
author = { W. Dobiński and B. Gądek and B. Żogała},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0007718924&partnerID=40&md5=0d5f37765dedcc45f4b69e99f2f0de94},
issn = {00332151},
year = {1996},
date = {1996-01-01},
journal = {Przeglad Geologiczny},
volume = {44},
number = {3},
pages = {259-261},
abstract = {[No abstract available]},
note = {8},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
[No abstract available]
Jania, J. A.; Mochnacki, D.; Gądek, B.
The thermal structure of Hansbreen, a tidewater glacier in southern Spitsbergen, Svalbard Journal Article
In: Polar Research, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 53-66, 1996, ISSN: 08000395, (57).
@article{2-s2.0-0030429637,
title = {The thermal structure of Hansbreen, a tidewater glacier in southern Spitsbergen, Svalbard},
author = { J.A. Jania and D. Mochnacki and B. Gądek},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0030429637&doi=10.1111%2fj.1751-8369.1996.tb00458.x&partnerID=40&md5=8da6f6e2004dd8ff788c900933a6adda},
doi = {10.1111/j.1751-8369.1996.tb00458.x},
issn = {08000395},
year = {1996},
date = {1996-01-01},
journal = {Polar Research},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {53-66},
publisher = {Norwegian Polar Institute},
abstract = {Ice temperature measurements were taken from three shallow and five deep (to bedrock) boreholes on Hansbreen, Svalbard, in selected years between 1988 and 1994. In general, results show a subpolar, polythermal structure. The glacier accumulation zone is of warm ice within the entire vertical profile except in the uppermost layer of seasonal temperature fluctuations where there is an upper cold ice layer in the ablation zone which varies in thickness and may even be absent in the western lateral part. The upper layer of cold ice thins along the glacier centre-line from the equilibrium line altitude down to the glacier front. The depth of the pressure melting, indicating the base of the cold ice layer, was defined at the borehole measurement sites but was not manifested as an internal reflection horizon using multi-frequency radar methods. The isotherm lies about 20 m above a radar internal reflecting horizon near the equilibrium line altitude and about 40 m above it in the frontal part of the glacier. The internal reflection horizon almost certainly reflects the high water content within temperate ice and not the cold/temperate ice interface. At 10 m depth, the temperatures are 2-30°C higher than the calculated mean annual air temperatures, demonstrating the importance of meltwater refreezing on the release of latent heat.},
note = {57},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Ice temperature measurements were taken from three shallow and five deep (to bedrock) boreholes on Hansbreen, Svalbard, in selected years between 1988 and 1994. In general, results show a subpolar, polythermal structure. The glacier accumulation zone is of warm ice within the entire vertical profile except in the uppermost layer of seasonal temperature fluctuations where there is an upper cold ice layer in the ablation zone which varies in thickness and may even be absent in the western lateral part. The upper layer of cold ice thins along the glacier centre-line from the equilibrium line altitude down to the glacier front. The depth of the pressure melting, indicating the base of the cold ice layer, was defined at the borehole measurement sites but was not manifested as an internal reflection horizon using multi-frequency radar methods. The isotherm lies about 20 m above a radar internal reflecting horizon near the equilibrium line altitude and about 40 m above it in the frontal part of the glacier. The internal reflection horizon almost certainly reflects the high water content within temperate ice and not the cold/temperate ice interface. At 10 m depth, the temperatures are 2-30°C higher than the calculated mean annual air temperatures, demonstrating the importance of meltwater refreezing on the release of latent heat.
1995
Gądek, B.
In: Quaternary Studies in Poland, vol. 13, pp. 3-11, 1995, ISSN: 01379798, (1).
@article{2-s2.0-0029537052,
title = {An attempt to reconstruct geometry and dynamics of the late Wurm Glacier in the Piec Stawow Polskich Valley, high Tatra Mountains, southern Poland},
author = { B. Gądek},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0029537052&partnerID=40&md5=11dd86c1c19b5f36645fa9e522c9ee44},
issn = {01379798},
year = {1995},
date = {1995-01-01},
journal = {Quaternary Studies in Poland},
volume = {13},
pages = {3-11},
abstract = {The reconstruction includes: 1) the geometry of the glacier, 2) the velocity of its flow in the zone of equilibrium balance, 3) the mass balance. The results of the calcuatons suggest that the glacier was in balance equilibrium (AAR=0.67), ice at about 0°C dominated its mass. Therefore, in terms of the generally accepted classifications of the world's glaciers, the notional glacier is a temperate or polithermal type. Rapid circulation of its mass (the activity index is about 17 mm) must have been conditioned by the climate of maritime nature. It may be assumed that the glacier reached its maximum development in the Younger Dryas, when the climate was cold and wet. -from Author},
note = {1},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The reconstruction includes: 1) the geometry of the glacier, 2) the velocity of its flow in the zone of equilibrium balance, 3) the mass balance. The results of the calcuatons suggest that the glacier was in balance equilibrium (AAR=0.67), ice at about 0°C dominated its mass. Therefore, in terms of the generally accepted classifications of the world's glaciers, the notional glacier is a temperate or polithermal type. Rapid circulation of its mass (the activity index is about 17 mm) must have been conditioned by the climate of maritime nature. It may be assumed that the glacier reached its maximum development in the Younger Dryas, when the climate was cold and wet. -from Author