@article{2-s2.0-85181241312,

title = {The spatial distribution of potentially toxic elements in the mountain forest topsoils (the Silesian Beskids, southern Poland)},

author = { O. Rahmonov and M. Sobala and D. Środek and D. Karkosz and S. Pytel and M. Rahmonov},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85181241312&doi=10.1038%2fs41598-023-50817-7&partnerID=40&md5=801dc2687e1ddc5f76a1af7781e5a8cd},

doi = {10.1038/s41598-023-50817-7},

issn = {20452322},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {Scientific Reports},

volume = {14},

number = {1},

publisher = {Nature Research},

abstract = {Progressive industrialisation and urbanisation in recent decades have dramatically affected the soil cover and led to significant changes in its properties, which inevitably affect the functioning of other components of the forest ecosystems. The total content of Pb, Cd, Zn, Fe, Cr, Cu, Ni, As, and Hg was studied in twenty-five plots at different heights in the topsoil (organic and humus horizons) formed from the Carpathian flysch in the area of the Silesian Beskids (Western Carpathians). The aim of this article is to analyse the spatial distribution of potentially toxic elements in the mountain forest topsoil in different types of plant communities and to determine the relationship between altitude and potentially toxic elements contamination. The soils studied are acidic or very acidic, with an average range of 3.8 (H2O) and 2.9 (KCl). Concentrations of the metals Cd, Zn, Fe, Cr, Cu, Ni, and Hg on the plots that were analysed are within the range of permissible standards for forest ecosystems in Poland, while Pb and As exceed the permissible standards for this type of ecosystem. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient showed a high correlation between Fe–Cr (r(32) = 0.879; Pb-Hg r(32) = 0.772; Ni–Cr r(32) = 0.738; Zn-Cd r(32) = 0.734; and Cu-Hg r(32) = 0.743; and a moderate statistically significant positive correlation between Cu-Pb r(32) = 0.667 and As-Pb r(32) = 0.557. No correlation was found between altitude and the occurrence of potentially toxic elements. The geo-accumulation index (Igeo) index; on the other hand; indicates that Pb; As; and Cd have the highest impact on soil contamination in all study plots: it classifies soils from moderately to strongly polluted. The enrichment factor (EF) obtained for As and Hg indicates significant-to-very high enrichment in all areas studied. The potential ecological risk index (PLI) calculated for the sites indicates the existence of pollution in all areas examined. The highest risk categories (considerable to very high) are associated with cadmium and mercury. © 2024; The Author(s).},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85165920613,

title = {The first record of fossilized soft parts in ossified tendons and implications for the understanding of tendon mineralization},

author = { D. Surmik and J. Słowiak and T. Szczygielski and M. Wojtyniak and D. Środek and M. Dulski and K. Balin and T. Krzykawski and R. Pawlicki},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85165920613&doi=10.1093%2fzoolinnean%2fzlad001&partnerID=40&md5=4c921660ed7448c615950e932ab929a9},

doi = {10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad001},

issn = {00244082},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society},

volume = {198},

number = {3},

pages = {747-766},

publisher = {Oxford University Press},

abstract = {Preservation of soft parts (collagen fibres; blood vessels and cells) in extinct vertebrates is rare and usually limited to fossilized bone and cartilage. Well-preserved coarse collagenous fibre bundles embedded in a mineralized matrix of tendons, as well as numerous hollow, tubular structures consistent morphologically with fibril bundles, blood vessels and associated cells, were identified in ossified tendons of Late Cretaceous ornithischians from North America and Central East Asia. Detailed, high-accuracy imaging, along with spectroscopic characterization of those fibrous structures and comparison with ossified tendons of modern-day turkeys, support the proposition that physiologically driven tendon ossification is common for avians and non-avian dinosaurs. The examined soft parts were preserved through the pathway of iron-induced crosslinking and alumino-silification, documenting a variety of pathways for the preservation of soft parts, depending on the burial environment. For the first time, the structure of dinosaur fossilized tendons is analysed in detail, revealing shared histogenetic principles with modern birds and the nature of preservation. © 2023 The Linnean Society of London.},

note = {1},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85144772712,

title = {Assessment of the ecotoxicological impact of captan@ZnO35–45nm and captan@SiO2 20–30nm nanopesticide on non-target soil microorganisms – A 100-day case study},

author = { S. Sułowicz and A. Markowicz and M. Dulski and A. Nowak and D. Środek and S. Borymski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85144772712&doi=10.1016%2fj.apsoil.2022.104789&partnerID=40&md5=cb952021744fa42dc32a497a08648add},

doi = {10.1016/j.apsoil.2022.104789},

issn = {09291393},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Applied Soil Ecology},

volume = {184},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {Nanopesticide application should enable efficient pest management with smaller doses of an active ingredient. Nevertheless, the environmental risk assessment of nanopesticides is currently in its initial stages due to limited access to nanopesticides. Therefore, we synthesised nanofungicides with captan as an organic active ingredient and ZnO35–45nm or SiO2 20–30nm as nanocarriers (captan@ ZnO35–45nm and captan@ SiO2 20–30nm) and evaluated their environmental risk by testing different microbial parameters as its potential biomarkers. First, physicochemical analysis (SEM-EDS; XPS; and FTIR) confirmed the presence of captan in nanofungicides, and they maintained 43–61 % antifungal efficiency against pathogen fungi compared to captan. Second, a laboratory toxicity assay (spot test) showed that nanofungicides generally revealed 10–100-fold lower growth inhibition of non-target microbial strains compared to captan. Next, the effect of nanofungicides on the abundance, structure and function of non-target soil microorganisms was evaluated during the 100-day microcosm using orchard soil and compared to control, captan, and nanocarriers. The changes in the total number of bacteria, ammonia-oxidising bacteria (AOB) and fungi were enumerated using the copy number of the qPCR approach based on the copy number of 16S rRNA, amoA and ITS genes. The functional potential and microbial structure were estimated based on Community Level Physiological Profiles (CLPPs) and Phospholipid Fatty Acids (PLFAs) profiles. Generally, results indicated that nanofungicides affected soil microorganisms by changing, in different scale, various microbial parameters, but their negative effect was generally lower than pesticide. Although qPCR results revealed the harmful effect of all tested compounds on total bacteria number (16S rRNA) on day 42, and captan@ZnO35–45nm and nanocarrier SiO2 20–30nm still affected amoA gene copy number on day 100, but the total fungal abundance in orchard soil was not affected. Furthermore, the analyses of functional and structural microbial diversity indicated the recovery process that was the fastest for captan@SiO2 20–30nm nanofungicide. On the contrary, ZnO35–45nm increased and prolonged the negative effect of captan in synthesised nanofungicide and generally exerted a more profound and/or longer effect than SiO2 20–30nm nanocarrier. Therefore we conclude that SiO2 20–30nm has better potential to be used as a nanocarrier compared to ZnO35–45nm. More studies are needed but soil microorganisms as sensitive biomarkers should be used for environmental risk assessment of nanopesticides. © 2022 The Authors},

note = {4},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85149996413,

title = {Relationships between Heavy Metal Concentrations in Greater Celandine (Chelidonium majus L.) Tissues and Soil in Urban Parks},

author = { O. Rahmonov and D. Środek and S. Pytel and N. Makieieva and T. Kupka},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85149996413&doi=10.3390%2fijerph20053887&partnerID=40&md5=944912c5e802a439d46a8a86f8e3f6fe},

doi = {10.3390/ijerph20053887},

issn = {16617827},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health},

volume = {20},

number = {5},

publisher = {MDPI},

abstract = {Anthropogenic ecological ecosystems create favourable conditions for the growth of the nitrophilous medicinal species Chelidonium majus in six urban parks in Southern Poland. This study focuses on the concentrations of trace elements in the soils, leaves, stems, and rhizomes of greater celandine. The soil samples were taken only in the humus horizon (A), which averaged approximately 15 cm in thickness under the clumps of Ch. majus. Regarding the reaction, the soil samples tested can be described as slightly acidic (5.6–6.8 in KCl) to alkaline (7.1–7.4 in H2O). Organic carbon content at all sites is high, ranging from 3.2% to 13.6%, while the highest total nitrogen (Nt) content is 0.664%. The average total phosphorus (Pt) content in all samples is 548.8 mg/kg (and its range is 298–940 mg/kg), such values indicating its anthropogenic origin. In terms of heavy metals, Zn has the highest content in the analysed soil samples compared to the other elements, and its range is from 394.50 mg/kg to 1363.80 mg/kg in soil. In rhizomes, Zn also has the highest values (178.7–408.3 mg/kg), whereas, in stems and leaves, it varies (from 80.6 to 227.5 and from 57.8 to 297.4 mg/kg; respectively). Spearman’s rank correlation showed high correlations between the content of Pb, Zn, Cd, and As in the soil and rhizomes of Ch. majus. Despite soil contamination with Pb, Cd, and Zn, Ch. majus does not accumulate them in its tissues. However, the translocation of Hg and Cr from rhizomes to leaves was observed. The different concentrations of metals in each park result from the degree of diversity of the parent rocks on which the soil was formed. © 2023 by the authors.},

note = {3},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85151108729,

title = {A Devonian crinoid with a diamond microlattice},

author = { P. Gorzelak and D. Kołbuk and J. Stolarski and P. Bacal and B. Januszewicz and P. Duda and D. Środek and T. Brachaniec and M.A. Salamon},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85151108729&doi=10.1098%2frspb.2023.0092&partnerID=40&md5=13019f4d82543ae79d7bd858ef2128fa},

doi = {10.1098/rspb.2023.0092},

issn = {09628452},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences},

volume = {290},

number = {1995},

publisher = {Royal Society Publishing},

abstract = {Owing to their remarkable physical properties, cellular structures, such as triply periodic minimal surfaces (TPMS), have multidisciplinary and multifunctional applications. Although these structures are observed in nature, examples of TPMS with large length scales in living organisms are exceedingly rare. Recently, microstructure reminiscent of the diamond-type TPMS was documented in the skeleton of the modern knobby starfish Protoreaster nodosus. Here we report a similar microlattice in a 385 Myr old crinoid Haplocrinites, which pushes back the origins of this highly ordered microstructure in echinoderms into the Devonian. Despite the low Mg 2+ /Ca 2+ ratio of the 'calcite' Devonian sea, the skeleton of these crinoids has high-Mg content, which indicates strong biological control over biomineralogy. We suggest that such an optimization of trabecular arrangement additionally enriched in magnesium, which enhances the mechanical properties, might have evolved in these crinoids in response to increased predation pressure during the Middle Palaeozoic Marine Revolution. This discovery illustrates the remarkable ability of echinoderms, through the process of evolutionary optimization, to form a lightweight, stiff and damage-tolerant skeleton, which serves as an inspiration for biomimetic materials. © 2023 The Author(s).},

note = {2},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85136129187,

title = {Comparative actualistic study hints at origins of alleged Miocene coprolites of Poland},

author = { T. Brachaniec and D. Środek and D. Surmik and R. Niedźwiedzki and G.L. Georgalis and B.J. Płachno and P. Duda and A. Lukeneder and P. Gorzelak and M.A. Salamon},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85136129187&doi=10.7717%2fpeerj.13652&partnerID=40&md5=68ca76356155997e9fb15891668b4cd0},

doi = {10.7717/peerj.13652},

issn = {21678359},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {PeerJ},

volume = {10},

publisher = {PeerJ Inc.},

abstract = {Excrement-shaped ferruginous masses have been recovered from the Miocene of Turów mine in south-western Poland. These siderite masses have been the subject of much controversy, having been interpreted either as being coprolites, cololithes or pseudofossils created by mechanical deformation of plastic sediment. Here we present the results of mineralogical, geochemical, petrographic and microtomographical analyses. Our data indicate that these masses consist of siderite and iron oxide rather than phosphate, and rarely contain recognizable food residues, which may suggest abiotic origins of these structures. On the other hand, evidence in support of a fecal origin include: (i) the presence of two distinct morphotypes differing in size and shape, (ii) the presence of rare hair-like structures or coalified inclusions and (iii) the presence of rare fine striations on the surface. Importantly, comparative actualistic study of recent vertebrate feces shows overall resemblance of the first morphotype (sausage-shaped with rare coalified debris) to excrements of testudinoid turtles (Testudinoidea), whose shell fragment was found in the investigated locality. The second morphotype (rounded to oval-shaped with hair-like structures), in turn, is similar to the feces of some snakes (Serpentes), the remains of which were noted in the Miocene of the neighborhood areas. Other potential producers (such as lizards and crocodiles) and even abiotic origins cannot be fully excluded but are less likely. Copyright 2022 Brachaniec et al.},

note = {2},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85121744655,

title = {The properties of black locust robinia pseudoacacia l. To selectively accumulate chemical elements from soils of ecologically transformed areas},

author = { D. Środek and O. Rahmonov},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85121744655&doi=10.3390%2ff13010007&partnerID=40&md5=39750ab69a93754db2b75ec9381034c3},

doi = {10.3390/f13010007},

issn = {19994907},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Forests},

volume = {13},

number = {1},

publisher = {MDPI},

abstract = {The black locust Robinia pseudoacacia L. is a common species that originated from North America. In Europe, it is an invasive and introduced plant. Due to its low habitat requirements and ecological plasticity, this species colonizes new anthropogenically transformed areas quickly. This study investigated the chemical composition of selected tissues of Robinia pseudoacacia L. in five various habitats with different levels of anthropopression conditions in southern Poland. The presented research aimed to compare the chemical composition of black locust parts tissues (leaves; branches; and seeds) and the soil under its canopy. To determine the heavy metal contamination and enrichment in soil, the geoaccumulation index, enrichment factor, contamination factor, pollution load index, and potential ecological risk index were calculated. The results showed that all examined soils are considerably or very highly contaminated and the main heavy metals, which pollute the studied samples, are cadmium (1.3–3.91 ppm), lead (78.17–157.99 ppm), and zinc (129.77–543.97 ppm). Conducted research indicates that R. pseudoacacia leaves are the primary carrier of potentially toxic elements. Due to low bioaccumulation factor (BAF) values, it is clear that black locusts do not accumulate contaminants in such amounts that it would pose risk to its use in degraded area reclamation. The obtained results showed that R. pseudoacacia is able to grow in a wide range of habitats and could be applied for greening urban habitats and disturbed ecosystems caused by industry. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.},

note = {12},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85110272544,

title = {Nomenclature and classification of the arctite supergroup. Aravaite, Ba2Ca18(SiO4)6[(PO4)3(CO3)]F3O, a new arctite supergroup mineral from Negev Desert, Israel},

author = { E.V. Galuskin and I.O. Galuskina and B. Krüger and H. Krüger and Y. Vapnik and A. Krzątała and D. Środek and G. Zieliński},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85110272544&doi=10.3749%2fCANMIN.2000035&partnerID=40&md5=c1a38d103954a8de62cd6137c176ba4d},

doi = {10.3749/CANMIN.2000035},

issn = {00084476},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Canadian Mineralogist},

volume = {59},

number = {1},

pages = {191-209},

publisher = {Mineralogical Association of Canada},

abstract = {The crystal structure of arctite, (Na5Ca)Ca6Ba(PO4)6F3 (R-3m; a ¼ 7.904 A ; s ¼ 41.320 A), was refined in 1984 by E. Sokolova. According to modern concepts, this mineral belongs to the intercalated antiperovskites and is characterized by intercalation of triple antiperovskite layers {[F3(Ca7Na5)](PO4)4}4þ and tetrahedral layers Ba(PO4)2 4–. The pyrometamorphic rocks of the Hatrurim Complex, which are distributed along the Dead Sea Rift, are the origin of eight new minerals with intercalated antiperovskite structures, all discovered within the last five years. Therefore, an update and improvement of the classification and nomenclature was required. The new classification of the arctite supergroup was approved by the CNMNC IMA (Memorandum 95–SM20). The arctite supergroup combines the arctite group (minerals with triple antiperovskite layers), which includes arctite, (Na5Ca)Ca6Ba(PO4)6F3; nabimusaite, KCa12(SiO4)4(SO4)2O2F; dargaite, BaCa12(SiO4)4(SO4)2O3; and ariegilatite, BaCa12(SiO4)4(PO4)2F2O, with the zadovite group (minerals with single antiperovskite layers), which includes zadovite, BaCa6[(SiO4)(PO4)](PO4)2F; aradite, BaCa6[(SiO4)(VO4)](VO4)2F; gazeevite, BaCa6(SiO4)2(SO4)2O; and stracherite, BaCa6(SiO4)2[(PO4)(CO3)]F. Another ungrouped member of the arctite supergroup is aravaite, Ba2Ca18(SiO4)6[(PO4)3(CO3)] F3O – a unique mineral which is formed by the ordered intercalation of super-modules of ariegilatite and stracherite. In addition, a description of aravaite as a new mineral is presented in this paper. The crystal structure has been previously published (Krüger et al. 2018). Furthermore, preliminary data for potentially new minerals of the arctite supergroup, found in rocks of the Hatrurim Complex, are discussed. © 2021 Mineralogical Association of Canada. All rights reserved.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85095948455,

title = {Chemical and phase reactions on the contact between refractory materials and slags, a case from the 19th century zn-pb smelter in ruda Ślaska,˛ poland},

author = { K. Kupczak and R. Warchulski and M. Dulski and D. Środek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85095948455&doi=10.3390%2fmin10111006&partnerID=40&md5=a43021871c7eb5dddbdab82c348ebcec},

doi = {10.3390/min10111006},

issn = {2075163X},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Minerals},

volume = {10},

number = {11},

pages = {1-19},

publisher = {MDPI AG},

abstract = {Slags from the historic metallurgy of Zn-Pb ores are known for unique chemical and phase compositions. The oxides, silicates, aluminosilicates, and amorphous phases present therein often contain in the structure elements that are rare in natural conditions, such as Zn, Pb, As. The study focuses on processes occurring on the contact of the melted batch and the refractory materials that build the furnace, which lead to the formation of these phases. To describe them, chemical (X-ray fluorescence (XRF); inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS)) and petrological ((X-ray diffraction (XRD); electron probe micro-analyses (EPMA); Raman spectroscopy) analyses were performed on refractory material; slag; and contact of both. Two main types of reactions have been distinguished: gas/fluid-refractories and liquid-refractories. The first of them enrich the refractories with elements that migrate with the gas (Pb; K; Na; As; Zn) and transport the components building it (Fe; Mg; Ca) inward. Reactions between melted batch and refractory materials through gravitational differentiation and the melting of refractories lead to the formation of an aluminosilicate liquid with a high content of heavy elements. Cooling of this melt causes crystallization of minerals characteristic for slag; but with a modified composition; such as Fe-rich pyroxenes; Pb-rich K-feldspar; or PbO-As2 O3-SiO2 glass. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI; Basel; Switzerland.},

note = {3},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85086904396,

title = {Geophysical and petrological studies of the former lead smelting waste dump in Sławków, Poland},

author = { M.J. Mendecki and R. Warchulski and M. Szczuka and D. Środek and J. Pierwoła},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85086904396&doi=10.1016%2fj.jappgeo.2020.104080&partnerID=40&md5=8df2f22f0c5fcc6ef471881c79ab1364},

doi = {10.1016/j.jappgeo.2020.104080},

issn = {09269851},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Applied Geophysics},

volume = {179},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {The city of Sławków has witnessed the metallurgical industry from the Middle Ages to modern times. The lead smelting causes usually contamination by a slag waste dump, threatening the environment of the vicinity of the cities. Similar industry existed in many places around the world but, so far, no geophysical work has ever been reported to deal with this problem. In this paper, we present the results of the electromagnetic (EM) and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) measurements, and petrological (XRD; EPMA; SEM-EDS) tests in order to identify the extent of the slag waste dump and pollution leaching. The geophysical method allowed to identify the spatial distribution, ERT – depths, whereas EM – lateral distribution. Moreover, these studies provide information about the electrical properties of the slags, i.e. conductivity and in-phase component. The field surveys were supplemented by petrological analyses using EPMA, SEM-EDS and XRD. These allowed to determine the phase composition and chemistry of the slag. Together with EM and ERT measurements, it allowed to illustrate the lack of pollution transfer to soils caused by the slag presence in the studied area. © 2020},

note = {5},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85090745479,

title = {Vegetation-and environmental changes on non-reclaimed spoil heaps in Southern Poland},

author = { O. Rahmonov and R. Krzysztofik and D. Środek and J. Smolarek-Lach},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85090745479&doi=10.3390%2fbiology9070164&partnerID=40&md5=547f3aac164fd7130be4bd336594766e},

doi = {10.3390/biology9070164},

issn = {20797737},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Biology},

volume = {9},

number = {7},

pages = {1-22},

publisher = {MDPI AG},

abstract = {The study focused on the changes in vegetation and soils on an undeveloped area of coal mine spoil heaps. The process of vegetation changes was evaluated on the basis of historical cartographic materials and fieldwork. Changes of vegetation in nearly 200 years are presented herein. The main purpose of this study is to present an analysis of spatio-temporal changes in vegetation and their influence on soil features. The diversity of ecological species in terms of habitat requirements, tendency of hornbeam communities formation, and the relationship between forest communities and soil features was found. The basic soil properties were examined under selected plant communities (pH; Corg; Nt), available forms of elements (P; K; Mg), and as plant nutrients and heavy metal occurrence (Fe; Zn; Mn; Co; Cd; Pb; Sr; Cr; Cu). The soil organic carbon (Corg) content varied from 3.17 ± 0.007% to 17.7 ± 0.21% and significant differences were observed between sites. The highest total nitrogen (Nt) content was recorded in the soils of the sites that were represented by Populus-Betula stands (0.60 ± 0.01%). Soil acidity (pH) varied greatly, ranging from acidic (pH = 4.1) to weakly acidic (pH = 5.9). The highest value for Mgavail (205.43 ± 0.5 mg·kg−1) was noted in the soils under Calamagrostis epegijos (L.) Roth community and for Pavail (184.07 ± 3.77) and Kavail (346.19 ± 2.92 mg·kg−1) under the Quercus-Pinus stand. On all sites, Zn was a dominant element and its concentration ranged from 526.1 to 1060.4 mg·kg−1. Obtained results show how important it is to study the issue of vegetation changes and the formation of the landscape within an industrial city. The described results are important for the management of urban greening issues. Human influence on the disintegration and development of the natural environment is clearly visible. Due to the diversity of former mining areas and their time of creation, the studied area is one of the most important experimental areas for the determination link between vegetation and soil. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.},

note = {18},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85078022204,

title = {Pb-rich slags, minerals, and pollution resulted from a medieval ag-pb smelting and mining operation in the silesian-cracovian region (Southern Poland)},

author = { J. Cabała and R. Warchulski and D. Rozmus and D. Środek and E. Szełęg},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85078022204&doi=10.3390%2fmin10010028&partnerID=40&md5=e853fb643c36e962c86bf6971b152461},

doi = {10.3390/min10010028},

issn = {2075163X},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Minerals},

volume = {10},

number = {1},

publisher = {MDPI AG},

abstract = {Since the 12th century in the Silesian-Cracovian area, lead, litharge, and silver have been produced by the pyrometallurgical processing of Pb-Ag-Zn ore. Slags and soils contaminated with heavy metals (Zn; Pb; Cd; Fe; Mn; As) were the subject of this research. Samples were collected during archaeological works in the area of early medieval metallurgical settlement. The main goals of the analyses (Scanning Electron Miscroscopy-Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS); Electron Probe Microanalyzer (EPMA); X-ray diffraction (XRD); Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS)) were the determination of the mineralogical composition of furnace batches and smelting temperatures and conditions. In soils, the anthropogenic phases enriched in Pb, Zn, Fe, Mn, P, and primary minerals like goethite, ferrihydrite, sphalerite, galena, smithsonite, minrecordite, cerussite, gypsum, anglesite, jarosite, and hemimorphite were identified. The soil from former metallurgical settlements contained up to 1106 mg·kg−1 Pb, 782 mg·kg−1 Zn, 4.7 mg·kg−1 Cd in the fine fraction. Much higher heavy metal concentrations were observed in the waste products of ore rinsing, up to 49,282 mg·kg−1 Pb, 64,408 mg·kg−1 Zn, and 287 mg·kg−1 Cd. The medieval smelting industry and Pb-Ag-Zn ore processing are marked by highly anomalous geochemical pollution (Pb; Zn; Cd; Fe; Mn; Ba) in the topsoil. The methods of mineralogical investigation, such as SEM-EDS or EMPA, can be used to identify mineralogical phases formed during metallurgical processes or ore processing. Based on these methods, the characteristic primary assemblage and synthetic phases were identified in the area polluted by medieval metallurgy and mining of Pb-Ag-Zn ores, including MVT (Mississippi Valley Type) deposits. The minerals distinguished in slags and the structural features of metal-bearing aggregates allow us to conclude that batches have included mostly oxidised minerals (PbCO3; ZnCO3; CaZn(CO3)2; FeOOH), sulfides (PbS and ZnS) and quartz (SiO2). The laboratory experiment of high-temperature heating of the examined slags showed that smelting temperatures used in the second half of 13th century were very high and could have reached up to 1550◦ C. The results indicate, that geochemical and mineralogical methods can be used to obtain important information from archaeological sites, even after archaeological work has long ceased. © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.},

note = {21},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85053282961,

title = {Raman imaging as a new approach to identification of the mayenite group minerals},

author = { D. Środek and M. Dulski and I.O. Galuskina},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85053282961&doi=10.1038%2fs41598-018-31809-4&partnerID=40&md5=ec70ba9983b10b8317a0bbb90276e616},

doi = {10.1038/s41598-018-31809-4},

issn = {20452322},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Scientific Reports},

volume = {8},

number = {1},

publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},

abstract = {The mayenite group includes minerals with common formula Ca12Al14O32−x(OH)3x[W6−3x], where W = F, Cl, OH, H2O and x = 0–2. This distinction in the composition is associated with W site which may remain unoccupied or be occupied by negatively charged ions: OH−, F−, Cl−, as well as neutral molecules like H2O. However, there is no experimental approach to easily detect or differentiate mineral species within the mayenite group. Electron micro-beam facilities with energy- or wavelength-dispersive X-ray detectors, as most common tools in mineralogy, appear to be insufficient and do not provide a definite identification, especially, of hydroxylated or hydrated phases. Some solution provides typical Raman analysis ensuring identification of minerals and 3D Raman imaging as an innovative approach to distinguish various co-existing minerals of the mayenite group within a small area of the rock sample. Raman spectroscopy has also been successfully used for a determination of water type incorporated into the mineral structure as well as for a spatial distribution of phases by cluster approach analysis and/or integrated intensity analysis of bands in the hydroxyl region. In this study, Raman technique was for the first time used to reconstruct a 3D model of mayenite group mineral zonation, as well as to determine a way of water incorporation in the structure of these minerals. Moreover, for the first time, Raman data were correlated with alterations during the mineral-forming processes and used for reconstruction of the thermal history of studied rock. As a result, the influence of combustion gases has been proposed as a crucial factor responsible for the transformation between fluormayenite and fluorkyuygenite. © 2018, The Author(s).},

note = {14},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85046422138,

title = {Chlorellestadite, Ca5(SiO4)1.5(SO4)1.5Cl, a new ellestadite- group mineral from the Shadil-Khokh volcano, South Ossetia},

author = { D. Środek and I.O. Galuskina and E.V. Galuskin and M. Dulski and M. Książek and J. Kusz and V.M. Gazeev},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85046422138&doi=10.1007%2fs00710-018-0571-1&partnerID=40&md5=059fbd7b48d5fcfe06b2d9773821e415},

doi = {10.1007/s00710-018-0571-1},

issn = {09300708},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Mineralogy and Petrology},

volume = {112},

number = {5},

pages = {743-752},

publisher = {Springer-Verlag Wien},

abstract = {Chlorellestadite (IMA2017–013), ideally Ca5(SiO4)1.5(SO4)1.5Cl, the Cl-end member of the ellestadite group was discovered in a calcium-silicate xenolith in rhyodacite lava from the Shadil Khokh volcano, Greater Caucasus, South Ossetia. Chlorellestadite forms white, tinged with blue or green, elongate crystals up to 0.2–0.3 mm in length. Associated minerals include spurrite, larnite, chlormayenite, rondorfite, srebrodolskite, jasmundite and oldhamite. The empirical crystal chemical formula of the holotype specimen is Ca4.99Na0.01(SiO4)1.51(SO4)1.46(PO4)0.03(Cl0.61OH0.21F0.11)Σ0.93. Unit-cell parameters of chlorellestadite are: P63/m},

note = {4},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85053478220,

title = {New occurrence of rusinovite, Ca10(Si2O7)3Cl2: Composition, structure and Raman data of rusinovite from Shadil-Khokh volcano, South Ossetia and Bellerberg Volcano, Germany},

author = { D. Środek and R. Juroszek and H. Krüger and B. Krüger and I.O. Galuskina and V.M. Gazeev},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85053478220&doi=10.3390%2fmin8090399&partnerID=40&md5=b666eb74974531822c25e1da70d13cf5},

doi = {10.3390/min8090399},

issn = {2075163X},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Minerals},

volume = {8},

number = {9},

publisher = {MDPI AG},

abstract = {Rusinovite, Ca10(Si2O7)3Cl2, was found at two new localities, including Shadil-Khokh volcano, South Ossetia and Bellerberg volcano, Caspar quarry, Germany. At both of these localities, rusinovite occurs in altered carbonate-silicate xenoliths embedded in volcanic rocks. The occurrence of this mineral is connected to specific zones of the xenolith characterized by a defined Ca:Si < 2 ratio. Chemical compositions, as well as the Raman spectra of the investigated rusinovite samples, correspond to the data from the locality of rusinovite holotype—Upper Chegem Caldera, Northern Caucasus, Russia. The most intense bands of the Raman spectra are related to vibrations of (Si2O7) groups. Unit cell parameters of rusinovite from South Ossetia are: a = 3.76330(4) Å},

note = {4},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}