@article{2-s2.0-85163293211,

title = {Redox changes and mercury signature during the Lower Alum Shale Event (mid-Tournaisian, Mississippian) in the Rhenish Massif: Implications for oxygenation history and volcanism in southern Laurussian shelf and Palaeotethys Ocean},

author = { M. Rakociński and J. Kucharczyk and A. Pisarzowska and M. Zatoń and L. Marynowski and S. Hartenfels and R.T. Becker},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85163293211&doi=10.1016%2fj.gloplacha.2023.104165&partnerID=40&md5=5558e8953a75ef0bd1c7fda4d05c3786},

doi = {10.1016/j.gloplacha.2023.104165},

issn = {09218181},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Global and Planetary Change},

volume = {227},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {The mid-Tournaisian Event, also called the Lower Alum Shale Event (LASE), was a global anoxic event that occurred ca. 355 Ma ago. This event is connected to drastic facies changes from pelagic carbonate sedimentation to widespread black organic-rich siliceous shales and radiolarites in many parts of the world. For the first time, high-resolution inorganic geochemistry and framboidal pyrite analyses were applied to decipher depositional condition changes during the mid-Tournaisian anoxic event in the Rhenish Massif, then situated on southern shelf of the Laurussia continent. The lower and middle parts of the LASE interval in the study area were deposited under anoxic conditions at the bottom and water column, while the upper part was deposited under restricted but better‑oxygenated conditions. Additionally, a minor Hg anomaly was found during the LASE deposition in the Rhenish Massif, confirming volcanic overprint during the event. The scenario of palaeoenvironmental changes obtained in the Rhenish Massif is compared to other areas where the LASE was recorded and studied, providing a wider, panregional picture of changes in marine settings during that important Mississippian event. The results obtained in the present study show that the conditions during the LASE in pelagic settings were not uniform, with variable bottom-water oxygenation and different proximity and influence of volcanic activities. The numerous regional magmatic centers are considered as potentially responsible for the drastic depositional changes at a local scale and the bioproductivity increase at the global scale. However, their total contribution caused the climatic turnover responsible for the Gondwana deglaciation and resultant global transgression leading to development of anoxia in many parts of the world during this mid-Tournaisian anoxic event. © 2023 Elsevier B.V.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85147859302,

title = {Weak and intermittent anoxia during the mid-Tournaisian (Mississippian) anoxic event in the Montagne Noire, France},

author = { M. Rakociński and D. Książak and A. Pisarzowska and M. Zatoń and M. Aretz},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85147859302&doi=10.1017%2fS0016756822001297&partnerID=40&md5=7f1fdb23cd4ed310b9a6185aed5723b9},

doi = {10.1017/S0016756822001297},

issn = {00167568},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

urldate = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Geological Magazine},

volume = {160},

number = {5},

pages = {831-854},

publisher = {Cambridge University Press},

abstract = {The mid-Tournaisian black radiolarian cherts of the Lydiennes Formation are exposed in deep-shelf successions of the Puech de la Suque and Col des Tribes sections of the Mont Peyroux Nappe area in the Montagne Noire, southern France. This interval represents the mid-Tournaisian anoxic event that is also termed the Lower Alum Shale Event. This event is associated with a global marine transgression that was characterized by increased productivity and drastic facies changes from pelagic carbonate sedimentation to the widespread deposition of black organic-rich siliceous shales and radiolarites in many parts of the world. In the present study, high-resolution inorganic geochemistry and framboidal pyrite analyses were employed to decipher changes in depositional conditions during the mid-Tournaisian anoxic event in the Montagne Noire. The results show that the total organic carbon contents of sediments associated with the Lower Alum Shale Event vary from 0.09 to 1.9 wt %. These low to moderate total organic carbon contents, high U/Th, low Corg/P and intermediate V/Cr ratios, enrichment in redox-sensitive trace elements, such as U, Mo and V, as well as varying sizes of pyrite framboids, indicate periodic dysoxic to anoxic bottom-water conditions during deposition of the studied sediments. Anomalous Hg spikes (>500 ppb) are also reported in the mid-Tournaisian deep-water marine succession of the Montagne Noire in the present study, which confirm a possible influence of increased regional volcanic activity during this environmental turnover. © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press.},

note = {3},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85140090717,

title = {Geotectonic settings of Variscan explosive volcanism in the light of Famennian tuffites provenance from southern Poland},

author = { A. Pisarzowska and P. Mariusz and K. Kołtonik and B. Budzyń and M. Szczerba and M. Rakociński and J. Sláma and Z. Anna and A. Łaptaś},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85140090717&doi=10.1016%2fj.earscirev.2022.104218&partnerID=40&md5=4fac13815a79ac1fb7f5fce996ae06d1},

doi = {10.1016/j.earscirev.2022.104218},

issn = {00128252},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Earth-Science Reviews},

volume = {234},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {Pyroclastic horizons are common in the middle–upper Famennian carbonate and siliceous successions located near the Rhenohercynian margins of Laurussia and the Variscian Saxothuringian oceanic realm. We present a detailed geochronological, geochemical and mineralogical study of tuffites from three sites in southern Poland: Holy Cross Mountains (Kowala), Kraków–Silesia monocline (Czatkowice; Dębnik anticline), and Sudetes (Bardo; Bardo Mountains). Airborne volcanic ash in Czatkowice was deposited on a shallow carbonate platform, in Kowala in the deeper intrashelf basin and tephra in Bardo in the deep pelagic basin below the carbonate compensation depth. The LA-ICP-MS U-Pb data demonstrate nearly uniform ages of zircon 365.6 ± 2.9 Ma and 363.0 ± 3.5 Ma for Czatkowice samples and monazite 363.4 ± 5.8 Ma and 363.1 ± 4.8 Ma for samples from Czatkowice and Kowala, respectively. Mineralogical and geochemical data showed the occurrence of two groups of Famennian tuffites in southern Poland, which are genetically related to different geotectonic realms. The predominantly rhyolitic–rhyodacitic–dacitic volcanogenic material from Kowala and Czatkowice results from within-plate effusive pyroclastic activity. The basalt–trachyandesite tuffites from Bardo were formed in an active plate margin setting connected with the Gondwana–Laurussia convergence, where processes of subduction and accretion of new crust occurred. The Late Devonian magmatic center belonging to the Pripyat–Dnieper–Donets–Donbas rift could be the most probable proximal source area for volcanic ash deposits in the Holy Cross Mountains and the Kraków–Silesia monocline. More distal sources could be late Devonian rift-related magmatism in the Dacia megaterrane or the Maritime magmatic province. In contrast, the source of the older volcanism generating the pyroclastic plume and deposits in the Bardo Mountain Basin could be related to the eruptive activity in the Moravian–Silesian Zone and/or magmatic centers in some Variscan terranes, which are now incorporated into the Alpine orogen. © 2022 The Authors},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85137180794,

title = {A waning Saxothuringian Ocean evidenced in the Famennian tephra-bearing siliceous succession of the Bardo Unit (Central Sudetes, SW Poland)},

author = { G. Racki and S. Mazur and K. Narkiewicz and A. Pisarzowska and W. Bardziński and K. Kołtonik and D. Szymanowski and P. Filipiak and B. Kremer},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85137180794&doi=10.1130%2fB35971.1&partnerID=40&md5=4dca3da17cd05ded0b38b70e3e4e07bb},

doi = {10.1130/B35971.1},

issn = {00167606},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Bulletin of the Geological Society of America},

volume = {134},

number = {9-10},

pages = {2373-2398},

publisher = {Geological Society of America},

abstract = {A tephra-rich cherty-clayey Famennian succession within the major Brzeźnica olistostrome in the Bardo Mountains, Central Sudetes, SW Poland, preserves a record of the lost ocean later incorporated into the Variscan orogenic belt. Fluctuating but mostly oligotrophic regimes and low primary production levels were influenced by weak upwelling below the perennial oxygen minimum zone, which controlled the interplay between biosiliceous and siliciclastic deposition in the oceanic basin, with episodic oxygen deficiency. The Hangenberg Black Shale has been identified in this oceanic setting based on its characteristics described worldwide (including mercury enrichments). A tectonic uplift of the sediment source area near the Devonian- Carboniferous boundary, recorded in the distinguishing provenance signal of old continental crust, was paired with a global transgression, anoxia, and volcanic episode in an interglacial interval. Assuming paleogeographic affinity with the Bavarian facies of the Saxothuringian terrane, we interpret the allochthonous sediments as part of an accretionary prism that was gravitationally redeposited into the late orogenic basin in front of advancing Variscan nappes. The oceanic basin parental to the Bardo pelagic succession is therefore thought to represent a tract of the waning Saxothuringian Ocean in the Peri-Gondwanan paleogeographic domain that was eventually subducted beneath the Brunovistulian margin of Laurussia. The sediments of the Bardo Ocean basin also include a distal record of Famennian explosive volcanic activity that was likely related to a continental magmatic arc whose remnants are preserved as the Vrbno Group of the East Sudetes. © 2022, Geological Society of America Bulletin. All rights reserved.},

note = {3},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85130342782,

title = {Mercury evidence of intense submarine volcanism and hydrothermal activity during a mid-Tournaisian anoxic event in the Carnic Alps},

author = { M. Rakociński and D. Książak and A. Pisarzowska and L. Marynowski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85130342782&doi=10.1016%2fj.gr.2022.05.004&partnerID=40&md5=d47940ab64ee03be555bc63d488687b8},

doi = {10.1016/j.gr.2022.05.004},

issn = {1342937X},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Gondwana Research},

volume = {109},

pages = {225-238},

publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},

abstract = {The mid-Tournaisian Event, or Lower Alum Shale Event (LASE), is linked to severe facies changes including pelagic carbonates and widespread black siliceous shales and radiolarites in many parts of the world. For the first time, high-resolution inorganic geochemistry and framboidal pyrite analyses were applied to decipher depositional condition changes during the mid-Tournaisian event in the Carnic Alps. The predominance of tiny pyrite framboids, high Corg/P, U/Th, and V/Cr ratios, generally higher enrichments of redox-sensitive metals such as Mo, U, V, and depletion in Mn suggest anoxic/euxinic conditions at the sea bottom. Moreover, we found very large anomalous Hg spikes (with maximum values reaching 3650 ppb) for the first time in the mid-Tournaisian deep-water marine succession of the Carnic Alps. Our results suggest intense volcanism during the LASE, which triggered the mid-Tournaisian anoxic event. The most likely candidate for the observed Hg anomalous contents is submarine arc volcanism and hydrothermal activity connected with the collision of the peri-Gondwanan terranes Paleo-Adria and probably Armorican Terrane Assemblage (ATA) and/or Noric terrane during the first phase of the Variscan orogeny. © 2022 International Association for Gondwana Research},

note = {3},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85148101389,

title = {HABITATS IN THE PRE-TAGHANIC (GIVETIAN, MIDDLE DEVONIAN) MUDDY CARBONATE RAMP AT MIŁOSZÓW (HOLY CROSS MOUNTAINS, POLAND): GEOCHEMICAL AND MICROFACIES EVIDENCE},

author = { A. Pisarzowska and G. Racki and M. Rakociński},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85148101389&doi=10.14241%2fASGP.2022.14&partnerID=40&md5=11ec1ae7d391c8a794a5f1354a4acc1b},

doi = {10.14241/ASGP.2022.14},

issn = {02089068},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae},

volume = {92},

number = {4},

pages = {381-409},

publisher = {Polish Geological Society},

abstract = {The well-known fossiliferous and lithologically variable Middle Devonian Shaly-Calcareous Skały Formation in the Łysogóry Region (northern part of the Holy Cross Mountains; central Poland) was studied for the first time in terms of elemental geochemistry, carbon isotope stratigraphy and limestone microfacies. Three Lower to Middle Givetian marly-limestone successions, exposed at Miłoszów, represent middle to outer facies belts of the vast carbonate ramp, characterized by very rich epifaunal and infaunal benthic life in muddy, oxic, eutrophic, and photic zone habitats. Brachiopods and occasionally corals (in mesophotic association), erect branch-ing bryozoans, and tiny crinoids played a leading role among flourishing sessile suspension-feeders. High-energy storm events, possibly even a tsunami, during the brief Early Givetian time strengthened a prolific carbonate ooze delivery system from shallow ramp areas, including restricted back-ramp lagoons and a variety of organic build-ups, populated by corals and stromatoporoids. The ecologically mixed skeletal grain association is characterized by the rich occurrence of a typical lagoonal biota, calcispheres and amphiporoids. The effective carbonate factory declined stepwise regionally during the Middle Givetian because of an intermittent progradation of the deltaic system of the Świętomarz Beds, linked with climate cooling and the activation of block movements. The regional carbonate crisis resulted in the demise of diverse benthic life, including the prolific calcified microbiota. The higher Skały Formation succession, deposited between the important Kačák and Taghanic bioevents, is noticeable for a background carbon-isotope pattern in carbonate and organic matter signatures, with the baseline δ13Ccarb values between 1‰ and 2‰. The microfacies and chemostratigraphic data confirm that at least the lower pumilio bioev-ent was not recorded in the Łysogóry Region. © 2022, Polish Geological Society. All rights reserved.},

note = {6},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85102468908,

title = {Mercury spikes as evidence of extended arc-volcanism around the Devonian–Carboniferous boundary in the South Tian Shan (southern Uzbekistan)},

author = { M. Rakociński and A. Pisarzowska and C. Corradini and K. Narkiewicz and Z. Dubicka and N. Abdiyev},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85102468908&doi=10.1038%2fs41598-021-85043-6&partnerID=40&md5=806b616e80ef6edc8b0286f4b61bb407},

doi = {10.1038/s41598-021-85043-6},

issn = {20452322},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Scientific Reports},

volume = {11},

number = {1},

publisher = {Nature Research},

abstract = {Recently, the end-Devonian mass extinction (Hangenberg Crisis; 359 Ma) was identified as a first-order mass extinction, albeit not one of the “Big Five” events. Many marine and terrestrial organisms were affected by this crisis. The cause of this mass extinction is still conjectural and widely discussed. Here we report anomalously high mercury (Hg) concentrations from the South Tian Shan (Uzbekistan), together with correlation using conodont biostratigraphic data. Hg enrichment (to 5825 ppb) was detected in marine deposits encompassing the Hangenberg Crisis. In the Novchomok section, the Hangenberg Crisis interval does not contain typical Hangenberg Black Shales; however, by means of inorganic geochemistry (enrichment of redox-sensitive elements such as Mo; V; and U) we detected an equivalent level despite the lack of marked facies changes. This is the first record of Hg and Hg/total organic carbon anomalies in marly shales, marls and carbonates that are totally independent of facies changes, implying that volcanism was the most probable cause of the Hangenberg Crisis. This conclusion is confirmed by the presence of a negative δ13C excursion, which may reflect massive release of isotopically light carbon from volcanogenic and thermogenic devolatilization likely combined with increased arc-volcanism activity worldwide at the end of the Devonian. © 2021, The Author(s).},

note = {4},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85082809689,

title = {Volcanic related methylmercury poisoning as the possible driver of the end-Devonian Mass Extinction},

author = { M. Rakociński and L. Marynowski and A. Pisarzowska and J. Bełdowski and G. Siedlewicz and M. Zatoń and M.C. Perri and C. Spalletta and H.P. Schönlaub},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85082809689&doi=10.1038%2fs41598-020-64104-2&partnerID=40&md5=f478c7c519f96f2e2443afc4e0f09482},

doi = {10.1038/s41598-020-64104-2},

issn = {20452322},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Scientific Reports},

volume = {10},

number = {1},

publisher = {Nature Research},

abstract = {The end-Devonian global Hangenberg event (359 Ma) is among the most devastating mass extinction events in Earth’s history, albeit not one of the “Big Five”. This extinction is linked to worldwide anoxia caused by global climatic changes. These changes could have been driven by astronomical forcing and volcanic cataclysm, but ultimate causes of the extinction still remain unclear. Here we report anomalously high mercury (Hg) concentration in marine deposits encompassing the Hangenberg event from Italy and Austria (Carnic Alps). The Hangenberg event recorded in the sections investigated can be here interpreted as caused by extensive volcanic activity of large igneous provinces (LIPs), arc volcanism and/or hydrothermal activity. Our results (very large Hg anomalies) imply volcanism as a most possible cause of the Hangenberg event, similar to other first order mass extinctions during the Phanerozoic. For the first time we show that apart from anoxia, proximate kill mechanism of aquatic life during the event could have been methylmercury formed by biomethylation of a volcanically derived, huge concentration of inorganic Hg supplied to the ocean. Methylmercury as a much more toxic Hg form, potentially could have had a devastating impact on end-Devonian biodiversity, causing the extinction of many pelagic species. © 2020, The Author(s).},

note = {16},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85082815820,

title = {Middlesex/punctata Event in the Rhenish Basin (Padberg section, Sauerland, Germany) – Geochemical clues to the early-middle Frasnian perturbation of global carbon cycle},

author = { A. Pisarzowska and R.T. Becker and Z.S. Aboussalam and M. Szczerba and K. Sobień and B. Kremer and K. Owocki and G. Racki},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85082815820&doi=10.1016%2fj.gloplacha.2020.103211&partnerID=40&md5=bb417aeebd0108e29d79af43b893887e},

doi = {10.1016/j.gloplacha.2020.103211},

issn = {09218181},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Global and Planetary Change},

volume = {191},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {A positive carbon stable isotope excursion of about 3‰ is documented in the topmost lower Frasnian at Padberg, eastern Rhenish Massif, as a muted record of the worldwide early−middle Frasnian isotopic perturbation (punctata Event; up to 6–8‰ shift in both δ13Ccarb and δ13Corg elsewhere), comparable with the Appalachian δ13C curve. This German isotopic signature occurs in a 12 m thick calciturbidite succession and correlates well with the three-step chemostratigraphic pattern known from the Holy Cross Mountains, Poland. It is especially clear in the δ13Corg shifts, whilst δ13Ccarb (and elemental geochemical) proxies are partly biased by post-sedimentary alterations. The New York State, Polish, Nevada and Padberg conodont successions place the onset of the major positive δ13C excursion slightly beneath the early–middle Frasnian boundary, with Ancyrodella nodosa (previously Ad. gigas form 1) as the main conodont guide species, and coincident with the Middlesex transgression and spread of cold, nutrient-rich, poorly oxygenated water masses. In the light of geochemical proxies, enhanced primary production and oxygen deficiency occurred evidently in the Rhenish Basin during the punctata Event. Moderate Hg enrichments in the early Middlesex/punctata Event interval suggest a volcanic signature. However, conclusive data from other regions are required to differentiate between effects of the regionally well-known synsedimenary magmatism and of a possible global volcanic trigger for the biogeochemical perturbation. © 2020 The Authors},

note = {11},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85082826611,

title = {Large environmental disturbances caused by magmatic activity during the Late Devonian Hangenberg Crisis},

author = { A. Pisarzowska and M. Rakociński and L. Marynowski and M. Szczerba and M. Thoby and M. Paszkowski and M.C. Perri and C. Spalletta and H.P. Schönlaub and N. Kowalik and M. Gereke},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85082826611&doi=10.1016%2fj.gloplacha.2020.103155&partnerID=40&md5=16045a0f1d351937bbe7baaf939d9659},

doi = {10.1016/j.gloplacha.2020.103155},

issn = {09218181},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Global and Planetary Change},

volume = {190},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {A wide range of various proxies (e.g.; mineralogy; organic carbon; inorganic geochemistry; C and Mo isotopes; and framboidal pyrite) were applied for interpretation of changing oceanic redox conditions, bioproductivity, and the regional history of magmatic activity. This resulted in internally consistent interpretation of the late Famennian Hangenberg Crisis in subtropical deepest water sites of the epeiric Rhenohercynian and Saxo–Thuringian basins, as well as more open sites of the Paleo-Tethys Ocean. High mercury concentrations were detected in all of the studied sections, with the highest values strata in the Carnic Alps (up to 20 ppm) and Thuringia (up to 1.5 ppm). The beginning of the Hg anomaly and the presence of pyroclastic material, indicate that local magmatic activity was initiated before the deposition of the Hangenberg Black Shale (HBS). The onset of the HBS deposition coincided with the expansion of phosphate-enriched, anoxic to euxinic waters during short-lived CO2-greenhouse spike of a warm–humid climate. Intensive magmatic activity was a trigger for climatic changes, an excessive eutrophication, and an accelerated burial of organic carbon during the Hangenberg transgressive pulse. The injection of catastrophic amounts of CO2, toxic elements and acids from volcanic activity could have led to acidification, mutation of spores, and episodes of mass mortality of marine plankton. © 2020 The Authors},

note = {19},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85071612754,

title = {Diverse depositional and geochemical signatures of the Frasnian-Famennian global event in western Thailand reveal palaeotethyan vs. Western Australian geotectonic affinities},

author = { G. Racki and P. Königshof and Z. Belka and J. Dopieralska and A. Pisarzowska},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85071612754&doi=10.1016%2fj.jaesx.2019.100010&partnerID=40&md5=45f7d91f4061f559c0b59831142856a3},

doi = {10.1016/j.jaesx.2019.100010},

issn = {25900560},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Asian Earth Sciences: X},

volume = {2},

publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},

abstract = {Two studied sections of the Frasnian-Famennian (F-F) boundary beds in western Thailand differ significantly in their depositional and geochemical characteristics. The highly condensed, monotonous Mae Sariang (MS) limestone succession generally corresponds to the event-chemostratigraphic pattern of the F-F biocrisis based primarily on German sections, and brief anoxic episodes are identifiable in trace-metal signatures (but neither organic-rich intercalations nor distinct volcanic signals). In the case of the Thong Pha Phum (TPP) site, two specific features are especially notable: (1) a δ13C positive excursion, comparable only with the peculiar Western Australian biogeochemical signature, and (2) elemental proxies that indicate exclusively oxic and probably largely oligotrophic conditions during both Kellwasser intervals. Therefore, the demonstrated biogeochemical and environmental differentiation confirms the totally different paleogeographic settings of the studied successions, as indicated previously by the Nd isotope composition of Late Devonian seawater. The distinctiveness of the TPP section clearly indicates its affinity with the Western Australian shelf successions, which are characterized by a well-known “atypical” biogeochemical and ecological signature. In terms of provenance, the siliciclastic fraction in the MS succession corresponds to continental margin. The Paleotethyan region was sourced by felsic-volcanic or granite-gneissic massifs. In the case of the TPP section, the continental margin, as well as the partly the continental island arc, are recorded in the detritus, predominantly derived from older, continental sedimentary-metasedimentary terrains. Therefore, the assumed Western Australian geotectonic assignment of TPP corresponds to the variable, partly recycled material supplied abundantly to the “Sibumasu depocenter” from adjoining granite-dominated Archean cratons. © 2019 The Author(s)},

note = {9},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85066291572,

title = {Detrital zircon U-Pb and Hf constraints on provenance and timing of deposition of the Mesoproterozoic to Cambrian sedimentary cover of the East European Craton, Belarus},

author = { M. Paszkowski and B. Budzyń and S. Mazur and J. Sláma and L. Shumlyanskyy and J. Środoń and B. Dhuime and A. Kędzior and S. Liivamägi and A. Pisarzowska},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85066291572&doi=10.1016%2fj.precamres.2019.105352&partnerID=40&md5=d7e45987e3f196907520a6c4f49356e2},

doi = {10.1016/j.precamres.2019.105352},

issn = {03019268},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Precambrian Research},

volume = {331},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {The sedimentary cover of the East European Craton (EEC)is unique because of its low degree of diagenetic alteration that allows preservation of the original “source to sink” relationships. The present study provides U-Pb and Hf zircon data for the entire Proterozoic sedimentary section of the EEC based on samples from five boreholes in Belarus within the Volyn-Orsha Basin, one of the most important sedimentary basins of the craton. Twenty-one samples of mudstones and sandstones were selected for detrital zircon U-Pb geochronology, supplemented by the Hf isotope analyses of zircons from 6 samples representing different U-Pb age spectra and bulk rock XRD mineralogy of all mudstone samples collected from the studied boreholes. Five clastic successions in the Volyn-Orsha Basin are characterized by different sources of detrital material: (1)The Mesoproterozoic Pinsk Suite with a narrow population of c. 2.0 Ga zircons, (2)The Orsha Suite with a broad 1.3–3.2 Ga zircon age distribution, (3)Glacial sediments of the Vilchitsy Series with an age spectra similar to the Orsha Suite, except for a c. 1.0 and 1.2 Ga cluster, (4)The Volyn and Valdai Series, including lowermost Cambrian, with a narrow trimodal population of 0.5, 1.5, and 1.8 Ga zircons, and (5)lower Cambrian (?)sediments with a diffused zircon age spectrum, including a 500–700 Ma cluster. Maximum depositional ages were constrained for the Vilchitsy Series at 977 ± 6 Ma and for the Volyn Series at 579–545 ± 4 Ma. Combined Hf zircon data indicate four episodes of new continental crust generation at 3.3, 2.8, 2.1–2.3 and 1.8 Ga, suggestive of source terrains within the crust of the present-day EEC. These sources experienced subsequent reworking of crust at c. 1.8 Ga and 550–600 Ma. Only a lower Cambrian sample lacks any trend or clustering within the Hf data probably due to mixing of zircons from exotic and local sources. Paleogeographic models explaining these provenance signals in terms of intracratonic erosion and sediment transport are presented. © 2019 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {27},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85062730886,

title = {Provenance of upper Paleozoic siliciclastics rocks from two high-latitude glacially influenced intervals in Bolivia},

author = { K. Kołtonik and P.E. Isaacson and A. Pisarzowska and M. Paszkowski and C. Augustsson and M. Szczerba and J. Sláma and B. Budzyń and M. Stachacz and W. Krawczyński},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85062730886&doi=10.1016%2fj.jsames.2019.02.023&partnerID=40&md5=aaad74d18599118e04e2d34a3820a0e8},

doi = {10.1016/j.jsames.2019.02.023},

issn = {08959811},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Journal of South American Earth Sciences},

volume = {92},

pages = {12-31},

publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},

abstract = {The Toregua Formation in northern Bolivia comprises a continuous succession of sedimentary rocks containing two glacial intervals related to the onset of the Late Paleozoic Ice Age (LPIA). The provenance and depositional tectonic setting of the Upper Devonian–Mississippian (lower) and Pennsylvanian (upper) glacial intervals are separated by non-glacial deposits observed in the Manuripi X-1 and Pando X-1 drill cores, from which petrography, geochemistry, detrital zircon U–Pb and monazite Th–U-total Pb dating are described. Zircon age spectra of sandstone clasts and diamictite indicate an upward change in provenance. Zircon age data from the lower glacial interval yielded age groups at 700–500 Ma, 1300–900 Ma and 2200–1820 Ma, while the monazite gave ages in the range of 600-500 Ma. These age populations correspond to the Guaporé Shield and/or the Arequipa Massif. Detrital zircon from the upper glacial interval has a significant age population at 330–300 Ma that reflects prominent input from the Eastern Cordillera. The maximum depositional age of the upper glacial interval was constrained to ca. 308 Ma. Provenance discrimination diagrams, based on major element geochemistry and trace element ratios, suggest that the glacial and non-glacial sediments were mainly sourced from felsic source rocks. The moderate to high chemical index of alteration (CIA <81) and mineralogical index of alteration (MIA = 81–90 values), abundance of siderite clasts and dominance of kaolinite and abraded zircon grains (without correlation between age and zircon roundness) indicate that the lower glacier incorporated material from older sedimentary covers. In the upper glacial interval, the lower CIA (70) and MIA (71) values and the abundance of plagioclase and detrital zircon grains with preserved euhedral shape <400 Ma suggest that local volcanic rocks in addition to sedimentary covers were eroded. © 2019 Elsevier Ltd},

note = {8},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85064171739,

title = {Reply to Comment by M.F. Pereira, J.B. Silva and C. Gama on “Baltic provenance of top-Famennian siliciclastic material of the northern Rhenish Massif, Rhenohercynian zone of the Variscan orogen, by Koltonik et al., International Journal of Earth Sciences (2018) 107:2645–2669”},

author = { K. Kołtonik and A. Pisarzowska and M. Paszkowski and J. Sláma and R.T. Becker and M. Szczerba and W. Krawczyński and S. Hartenfels and L. Marynowski and S. Mazur and W. Franke},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85064171739&doi=10.1007%2fs00531-019-01692-z&partnerID=40&md5=1c52b1d945af9f8dd2b0ab24a4a05062},

doi = {10.1007/s00531-019-01692-z},

issn = {14373254},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Earth Sciences},

publisher = {Springer Verlag},

abstract = {[No abstract available]},

note = {1},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85049616641,

title = {Baltic provenance of top-Famennian siliciclastic material of the northern Rhenish Massif, Rhenohercynian zone of the Variscan orogen},

author = { K. Kołtonik and A. Pisarzowska and M. Paszkowski and J. Sláma and R.T. Becker and M. Szczerba and W. Krawczyński and S. Hartenfels and L. Marynowski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85049616641&doi=10.1007%2fs00531-018-1628-4&partnerID=40&md5=fc4e9542019e6a4ab5bd747fe22988f3},

doi = {10.1007/s00531-018-1628-4},

issn = {14373254},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Earth Sciences},

volume = {107},

number = {8},

pages = {2645-2669},

publisher = {Springer Verlag},

abstract = {The provenance of top-Famennian sedimentary rocks linked to the Hangenberg Crisis from the northern Rhenish Massif (Germany) was investigated by the means of detrital zircon U-Pb geochronology. Based on the obtained age spectra, three main tectonothermal domains are recognized as possible sources: Paleo- and Mesoproterozoic (~ 2000–1000 Ma) units of Baltica and Early Paleozoic Caledonian orogen (~ 500–400 Ma). Our interpretation of the detritus having been derived from northern source areas, i.e., Baltica and the Scandinavian Caledonides, with a minor input of German-Polish (Rügen-Pomeranian) Caledonides, contradicts the traditional view that, during the Upper Devonian, the northern Rhenish Massif was supplied by detritus from the south. Complementary mineralogical, textural and geochemical analyses point to a derivation of the detritus of Drewer and Hangenberg Sandstones mainly from felsic, recycled continental crust. The elevated concentrations of Pb and Zn in the studied sections are a feature attributed to hydrothermal alteration related to the terminal Devonian synsedimentary volcanism or post-depositional Variscan deformation. © 2018, The Author(s).},

note = {12},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85053403913,

title = {The organic matter composition of the Devonian/Carboniferous deposits (South Flank of Arbuckle Anticline, Oklahoma, USA)},

author = { M. Kondas and P. Filipiak and M. Paszkowski and A. Pisarzowska and R.D. Elmore and I. Jelonek and M. Kasprzyk},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85053403913&doi=10.1016%2fj.coal.2018.08.010&partnerID=40&md5=2da3ef636abe6431aff6cce35e221a6e},

doi = {10.1016/j.coal.2018.08.010},

issn = {01665162},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Coal Geology},

volume = {198},

pages = {88-99},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {The palynological investigation was carried out on the Woodford Shale and Sycamore Limestone samples from Interstate 35 roadcut section (I-35) on the south flank of the Arbuckle Anticline (Oklahoma; USA). All samples were collected from the 54 m long section. According to palynostratigraphy, the section was tentatively divided into three stages: Frasnian, Famennian and Tournaisian but due to poor miospores representation it was not possible to establish any single miospore zone. All samples were strongly dominated by the amorphous organic matter and by marine palynomorphs, mostly prasinophytes. The analysis of the relative frequency, fluctuations in acritarchs diversity, and morphotype variability generally suggest deposition in an open-marine, deep-water basin. Based on palynofacies analysis, the section was divided into three palynofacies: lowest (fully marine; I), middle (fully marine but closer to the shoreline; II), and the topmost palynofacies (III) which was also marine, but with a weak regressive signal. © 2018 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {1},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85030712772,

title = {Benthic anoxia, intermittent photic zone euxinia and elevated productivity during deposition of the Lower Permian, post-glacial fossiliferous black shales of the Paraná Basin, Brazil},

author = { L.D. Mouro and M. Rakociński and L. Marynowski and A. Pisarzowska and S. Musabelliu and M. Zatoń and M.A. Carvalho and A.C.S. Fernandes and B.L. Waichel},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85030712772&doi=10.1016%2fj.gloplacha.2017.09.017&partnerID=40&md5=e099b0a61f9480bf93d3fa4a45fb4882},

doi = {10.1016/j.gloplacha.2017.09.017},

issn = {09218181},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Global and Planetary Change},

volume = {158},

pages = {155-172},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {Here, the Lower Permian, post-glacial fossiliferous Lontras black shales from the Paraná Basin (southern Brazil) are studied using integrated palynological, geochemical and petrographic methods for the first time in order to decipher the prevalent palaeoenvironmental conditions during their sedimentation. These black shales were deposited in a restricted marine environment. Inorganic geochemical data (U/Th ratios, authigenic uranium, molybdenum), organic geochemical data (total organic carbon, biomarkers) and framboid pyrite size distributions point to predominantly anoxic/euxinic bottom-water conditions. Moreover, the presence of aryl isoprenoids and maleimide biomarkers indicates that euxinia in the water column was intermittently present in the photic zone. The onset of anoxic conditions was caused by elevated productivity in the basin, which was related to deglaciation, marine transgression and the increased delivery of terrestrial nutrients. The presence of a positive organic carbon isotope excursion indicates that the black shale deposition resulted from increased productivity and the expansion of anoxic and nitrogen- and phosphate-enriched waters into the shallow photic zone. The high values of δ15N (exceeding 9‰) may be related to the deglaciation-driven sea-level rise and advection of denitrified water mass from the Panthalassic Ocean to the intracratonic Paraná Basin. Prolonged periods of sea-floor anoxia/euxinia excluded potential scavengers and bioturbators, thus enhancing the preservation of numerous fossil taxa, including fish, sponges, insects and their larval cases, and conodont apparatuses. The intermittent photic zone euxinia may also have contributed to the mass mortality of fish populations, the fossils of which are very well-preserved in these black shales. © 2017 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {15},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85013664517,

title = {Influence of palaeoweathering on trace metal concentrations and environmental proxies in black shales},

author = { L. Marynowski and A. Pisarzowska and A. Derkowski and M. Rakociński and R. Szaniawski and J. Środoń and A.S. Cohen},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85013664517&doi=10.1016%2fj.palaeo.2017.02.023&partnerID=40&md5=526d3c5f4b56dbf5d405e1eba2fb3677},

doi = {10.1016/j.palaeo.2017.02.023},

issn = {00310182},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology},

volume = {472},

pages = {177-191},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {The mineralogical and chemical compositions of Lower Carboniferous (Tournaisian) marine black shale from the Kowala quarry, the Holy Cross Mountains, Poland, were investigated. This study focuses on disturbances in palaeoenvironmental proxies caused by palaeoweathering, which progressively changed the major and trace element abundances. Palaeomagnetic investigations reveal that the Devonian – Carboniferous succession was weathered during the Permian-Triassic by the infiltration of oxidizing fluids related to karstification following post-Variscan exhumation. The weathering process led to vermiculitization of chlorite, partial dissolution of calcite and replacement of pyrite by hematite and goethite. Moreover, the concentrations of some trace metals, including Co, Cu, Pb, Mo, Ni, As and U, significantly decreased. Consequently, some elemental abundance ratios that are used as environmental proxies, including U/Th, Ni/Co and V/Cr, were altered. Elements that are bound to iron sulphides (e.g.; Mo) appear to be especially prone to mobilization by even a lightly weathered black shale. The documented weathering, including changes in elemental concentrations, can potentially create misinterpretations of the original palaeoenvironmental conditions. In addition, the palaeoweathering of the studied samples appears to have substantially changed the carbon, oxygen, nitrogen and molybdenum stable isotope values. The nitrogen and molybdenum stable isotope ratios, in particular, appear to be most sensitive to the effects of weathering and therefore are good indicators of (palaeo)weathering processes. The major cause of these changes is the decay of organic matter and pyrite. For the organic carbon stable isotopes ratios, the main factor that controlls this process appears to be the preferential degradation of labile organic matter. A combination of the total organic carbon (TOC), total sulphur (TS) content, Mo concentration and stable isotope compositions seems to be the most useful for identify (palaeo)weathering. Our results suggest that reductions in TS and Mo in tandem with diminished Mo stable isotope values in the absence of obvious changes to the TOC content provide the most compelling evidence of (palaeo)weathering. © 2017 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {35},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84961755681,

title = {Depositional conditions during the Lower Kellwasser Event (Late Frasnian) in the deep-shelf Łysogóry Basin of the Holy Cross Mountains Poland},

author = { M. Rakociński and A. Pisarzowska and K. Janiszewska and P. Szrek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84961755681&doi=10.1111%2flet.12167&partnerID=40&md5=d59400383710d7cfa71768985b38f413},

doi = {10.1111/let.12167},

issn = {00241164},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Lethaia},

volume = {49},

number = {4},

pages = {571-590},

publisher = {Blackwell Publishing Ltd},

abstract = {Integrated biostratigraphical, microfacial and geochemical studies of the Lower Kellwasser Event in the Płucki succession (southern Poland) provide details about redox conditions during the deposition of this horizon in the deep-shelf Łysogóry basin of the Holy Cross Mountains. The environment is characterized by calm sedimentation and soft, muddy carbonate substrate. However, microfacies changing from wackestones to grainstones, the presence of crushed or current-oriented nautiloid shells and the occurrence of redeposited material from shallow-water Dyminy Reef environments (such as calcispheroids; algae and girvanellid cyanobacteria) suggest episodes of a higher-energy regime. Uranium/thorium ratios indicate that bottom-water redox conditions changed periodically from being mainly anoxic in the middle part of the Lower Kellwasser Horizon to dysoxic in the lower and upper parts. During a short-term episode of bottom-water ventilation, the seafloor was rapidly colonized by a dense assemblage of opportunistic buchiolid bivalves, which suffered mass mortality upon the return to anoxic conditions. A very rich concentration of cephalopods and homoctenids may be regarded as reflecting a bloom of high-density populations during high-productivity events. Similarly, they suffered mass mortality when episodically increasing anoxia/euxinia reached the upper part of the water column. The Late Frasnian inorganic carbon isotope records in the Płucki section show a positive shift with a maximum amplitude of 3‰. This enrichment in δ13C can be correlated with the deposition of the Lower Kellwasser Horizon and reflects the expansion of anoxic and probably high-productivity regimes. © 2016 Lethaia Foundation. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd},

note = {17},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84901338781,

title = {Geochemistry of Early Frasnian (Late Devonian) pyrite-ammonoid level in the Kostomłoty Basin, Poland, and a new proxy parameter for assessing the relative amount of syngenetic and diagenetic pyrite},

author = { A. Pisarzowska and Z.A. Berner and G. Racki},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84901338781&doi=10.1016%2fj.sedgeo.2014.04.009&partnerID=40&md5=deb8a1cdab685d9840364ac44a6d8cf0},

doi = {10.1016/j.sedgeo.2014.04.009},

issn = {00370738},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-01-01},

journal = {Sedimentary Geology},

volume = {308},

pages = {18-31},

publisher = {Elsevier},

abstract = {Pyrite geochemistry (isotope and trace element composition; degree of pyritization; S/Corg ratio) was used in context of selected lithogeochemical parameters (major and trace elements; including sulphur; organic carbon; and δ13C of carbonate carbon) to constrain fluctuations in depositional conditions during the Early to Middle Frasnian carbon isotopic perturbation (punctata Event) in the Kostomłoty Basin, Poland. Based on the ratio between the sum of oxyanionic elements and transition metals in pyrite, a new proxy parameter (index of syngenetic pyrite; ISYP) is proposed for assessing the relative amount of syngenetic pyrite in a sample. The distribution of the ISYP along the Kostomłoty - Małe Górki section (upper Szydłówek to the basal Kostomłoty beds) is in concert with conclusions inferred from paleoecologic data and other geochemical parameters (degree of pyritization; S/Corg; δ34Spyrite). According to these, the lower segment of the Szydłówek Beds was deposited in a normally oxygenated environment, but undergoing increasing primary productivity in surface water, as indicated by an increase in δ13Ccarb and in Cu/Zr ratio in bulk rock, which triggered the periodic deposition of sediments slightly enriched in organic matter, notably within the pyrite-ammonoid level (=Goniatite Level). Fluctuating, but in general high S/Corg ratios, DOPR values and ISYP values suggest that during this time - against the background of a generally dysoxic environment - shorter or longer lasting episodes of more restricted (anoxic and possibly even euxinic) bottom water conditions developed. Low sedimentation rates enabled a continuous and practically unlimited supply of sulphate during bacterial sulphate reduction (BSR), which in turn led to a strong depletion of pyrite sulphur in 34S in this interval (constantly around -29‰). In contrast, below and above the Goniatite Level, higher δ34S values (up to +3‰), are compatible with closed system conditions and higher sedimentation rates. The Styliolina Horizon is distinguished by the overall highest portion of syngenetic pyrite, which suggests that in this marker layer most of the pyrite precipitated from euxinic bottom waters. © 2014.},

note = {13},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84868530855,

title = {Isotopic chemostratigraphy across the Early-Middle Frasnian transition (Late Devonian) on the South Polish carbonate shelf: A reference for the global punctata Event},

author = { A. Pisarzowska and G. Racki},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84868530855&doi=10.1016%2fj.chemgeo.2012.10.034&partnerID=40&md5=ed3ee13ac3d40547eb06eb8e779cf51c},

doi = {10.1016/j.chemgeo.2012.10.034},

issn = {00092541},

year  = {2012},

date = {2012-01-01},

journal = {Chemical Geology},

volume = {334},

pages = {199-220},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {The coupled high-resolution carbon isotope data from whole-rock limestone and organic matter samples of the transitans (Early Frasnian), punctata and the earliest hassi Zones (Middle Frasnian) from the South Polish carbonate shelf successions reveal the presence of a large, multi-part δ13C excursion, one of the largest known carbon cycle disturbance of Devonian period. This Early-Middle Frasnian (E-MF) δ13C perturbation consists of two positive excursions (a minor event I and a major event III) and two negative shifts (events II and IV). The major positive excursion, up to 5%, begins near the E-MF boundary and the onset of Middlesex transgressive-anoxic event. The latter broader-scale positive δ13C perturbation correlates with the worldwide punctata Event documented across eastern and western Laurussia as well as northern Gondwana. The large magnitude of the punctata Isotopic Event, paired with negligible biotic effects, is similar to the Silurian biogeochemical perturbations but contrasts markedly with the younger Kellwasser Events. The distinctive protracted (about 1Ma) E-MF δ13C variations may be only partly explained by escalated sea water exchange between epeiric seas and the anoxic open ocean during successive transgressive pulses. Very high δ13C plateau values of the punctata Event correspond to a positive 87Sr/86Sr shift, as well as elevated clastic input proxies and magnetic susceptibility, suggesting altogether that delivery of tectonically-promoted land-derived nutrients to marine basins was a key factor stimulating the biogeochemical perturbation. Extreme increases in primary productivity and enhanced organic matter burial in restricted deeper basinal settings would promote a gradual drawdown in surface-water as well as atmospheric pCO2, and consequently a climatic cooling by 5°C, as indicated by the high-resolution δ18Ophosphate record. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {22},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-78049295128,

title = {Anoxic Annulata Events in the Late Famennian of the Holy Cross Mountains (Southern Poland): Geochemical and palaeontological record},

author = { M. Racka and L. Marynowski and P. Filipiak and M. Sobstel and A. Pisarzowska and D.P.G. Bond},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-78049295128&doi=10.1016%2fj.palaeo.2010.08.028&partnerID=40&md5=fcb3ad45aef12de86a4c3e38b78d86f7},

doi = {10.1016/j.palaeo.2010.08.028},

issn = {00310182},

year  = {2010},

date = {2010-01-01},

journal = {Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology},

volume = {297},

number = {3-4},

pages = {549-575},

abstract = {The Upper Famennian Annulata Black Shales are exposed in the deep-shelf successions of the famous Kowala Quarry and the Ściegnia outcrop in the Holy Cross Mountains, Southern Poland. At Kowala, the twin Annulata anoxic events are manifest as two organic-rich (TOC up to 23. wt.%), finely laminated, fossiliferous black shales, each up to 0.6. m thick, separated by marl and massive or nodular limestone layers. The bituminous interval is condensed in the Ściegnia outcrop to a single 10. cm thick horizon. In both sections, the ABS levels date to the upper part of the Upper Palmatolepis trachytera conodont Zone, corresponding to the Diducites versabilis-. Grandispora famenensis miospore Zone. The Annulata Events are marked by a flourishing pelagic biota (the opportunistic bivalve Guerichia venusta; platyclymenids; the goniatite Erfoudites; entomozoacean ostracods; and prasinophyte algae). The initial phase of anoxia saw a bloom of specialized conodont fauna, mostly deep-water outer-shelf palmatolepids such as Palmatolepis glabra lepta, before the second anoxic pulse caused a significant crisis amongst this community. Isorenieratane and gammacerane biomarkers indicate the development of photic zone anoxia during both phases. Degree of Pyritisation (DOP) values (estimated from the TOC-TS-Fe diagram) and the uranium-thorium proxies, as well as trace metals enrichments suggest that bottom-water conditions became dysoxic during deposition of the Lower ABS, while the more distinctly transgressive Upper ABS records anoxic/euxinic deposition during the later Event. When combined with the framboid data, however, unstable anoxia punctuated by short-term oxygenation events are assumed especially for the initial ABS phase, a crucial factor for effective nutrient recirculation from bottom waters to the photic zone and consequent phytoplankton blooming. This organic-rich level is easily identified amongst the background Upper Famennian rhythmic limestone-shaly succession, which was deposited under dysoxic to oxic conditions, with episodic anoxia developing only in the water column. Other well-known Late Devonian anoxic/high productivity episodes, recorded in the Dasberg, Kowala and Hangenberg black shales, also might partly to follow interglacial deepening pulses. These deepenings episodically reversed the overall regressive trend that resulted from a stepwise long-term climate change towards the end-Devonian Gondwanan glaciation. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {63},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-54849414620,

title = {Organic geochemistry and palynofacies of the Early-Middle Frasnian transition (Late Devonian) of the Holy Cross Mountains, Southern Poland},

author = { L. Marynowski and P. Filipiak and A. Pisarzowska},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-54849414620&doi=10.1016%2fj.palaeo.2008.04.033&partnerID=40&md5=082203c06887dfd4c2199fc4fe03f662},

doi = {10.1016/j.palaeo.2008.04.033},

issn = {00310182},

year  = {2008},

date = {2008-01-01},

journal = {Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology},

volume = {269},

number = {3-4},

pages = {152-165},

abstract = {Geochemical and palynological investigation of the Lower to Middle Frasnian reef-to-basin succession at the well-known Kowala Quarry (Holy Cross Mountains) demonstrates the variable character of organic matter (OM) deposited in different oxidative-reductive conditions. During sedimentation of the basinal deposits, anoxic conditions in the water column prevailed. In the organic-rich sediments deposited during the Palmatolepis punctata Zone (set D), anoxia occurred in the photic zone, as inferred from the presence of isorenieratane, aryl isoprenoids and gammacerane. In the same kind of deposits, but occurring during the Palmatolepis hassi Zone (set F), anoxia apparently occurred mainly in the deeper parts of the basin and only sporadically reached the photic zone. This interpretation is based on the lack of isorenieratane, traces of aryl isoprenoids and the presence of gammacerane in the investigated samples. The basinal clay-enriched sediments of sets D and F are divided by an organic-poor set E, typical for the carbonate platform (fore-reef) environment characterized by oxic conditions. A palynostratigraphical study of the Frasnian section from the Kowala Quarry allowed recognition of two miospore zones: Geminospora semilucensa-Perotrilites donensis (SD) and Archaeoperisaccus ovalis-Verrucosisporites grumosus (OG). Relatively small quantitative and qualitative changes of the organic particles (miospores; tracheids; prasinophytes and acritarchs) are interpreted primarily in terms of sea-level fluctuations and enhanced productivity. In particular, the appearance of abundant, abnormally large mature leiospheres in set D can be the result of progressive eutrophication, related to environmental changes recorded in the recently detected major positive carbon isotope anomaly. As during the Frasnian-Famennian mass extinction interval, this eutrophication could have been stimulated by a rapid increase in primary production and subsequently expanding anoxic conditions, but it is evident only in the early phase of the Middle Frasnian δ13C excursion. The processes of the secondary hydrothermal fluid migration, taking place after the lithification of the sediments, caused partial OM oxidation. The products of these processes are such phenyl derivatives of aromatic hydrocarbons as phenylphenanthrenes, terphenyls, phenyldibenzothiophenes and phenyldibenzofurans. Moreover, an oxygen compound rarely described from sedimentary OM, dibenzo-p-dioxin and its methyl- and dimethyl-derivatives, seems to be the additional product of hydrothermal OM oxidation. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},

note = {21},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-33751437782,

title = {Conodont-based event stratigraphy of the Early-Middle Frasnian transition on the South Polish carbonate shelf},

author = { A. Pisarzowska and M. Sobstel and G. Racki},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33751437782&partnerID=40&md5=9f04da925e645ecbae71a80fe0f73398},

issn = {05677920},

year  = {2006},

date = {2006-01-01},

journal = {Acta Palaeontologica Polonica},

volume = {51},

number = {4},

pages = {609-646},

abstract = {Early to Middle Frasnian (E-MF) epicontinental sequences are investigated in five representative localities of the Holy Cross Mountains and Cracow region, with emphasis on conodont biostratigraphy, to evaluate the regional stratigraphic and biotic context of a major biogeochemical perturbation in global carbon cycling. Conodont associations from the Palmatolepis transitans to Palmatolepis punctata Zone boundary beds are dominated by the shallow-water polygnathid and ancyrodellid fauna in the South Polish epicontinental successions, and first appearances of index palmatolepid species are delayed due to facies control of pelagic environments during intermittent drowning of the carbonate shelf. Thus, identification of the zonal boundary is based mainly on species of Ancyrodella, and five distinctive ancyrodellid levels in the succession across the E-MF interval enable refined correlation of the sections studied, especially when paired with chemostratigraphic proxies. Prominent conodont biofacies shifts coincided with eustatic deepening, which is correlated with the Timan, Middlesex, and early Rhinestreet events, respectively. Trends in the conodont dynamics, mortality and diversity, partly replicated by the benthic biota (especially shelly faunas and crinoids), indicate that the faunal turnovers correlate also with the main Δ13C excursions and related changes in trophic conditions. The E-MF transitional interval, marked by short-term sea-level fluctuations, is distinguished by a change from relatively diversified biofacies to more homogenous, mostly impoverished faunas. The latter change is a biotic response to the beginning of a prolonged (ca. 0.5 Ma) positive Δ 13C anomaly, probably paired with unsteady eutrophic and partly anoxic regimes. The late Pa. punctata Zone negative carbon isotope anomaly is synchronous with the second large-scale pelagic biofacies remodelling, including mesotaxid extinction. A stabilization of the carbon cycle and its return to normal background values at the start of the Early Palmatolepis hassi Zone coincide with conodont biofacies diversification and recovery of reef-related biofacies. With the exception of collapsed, endemic Kadzielnia-type mud-mound biota and a moderate biodiversity depletion due to overall ecosystem stagnation, no significant extinction events can be demonstrated, even if the large-scale changes in carbon cycling during the E-MF timespan are of higher-amplitude than the celebrated carbon isotopic anomalies related to the Frasnian-Famennian mass extinction. Thus, this regional succession in detail confirms that the large-scale punctata Isotopic Event (= Pa. punctata Event) is correlated neither with catastrophic enviromental nor radical biotic changes.},

note = {64},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}