• dr Grzegorz Sadlok
Stanowisko: adiunkt
Jednostka: Instytut Nauk o Ziemi
Adres: 41-200 Sosnowiec, ul. Będzińska 60
Piętro: IX
Numer pokoju: 911
Telefon: (32) 3689 286
E-mail: grzegorz.sadlok@us.edu.pl
Spis publikacji: Spis wg CINiBA
Spis publikacji: Spis wg OPUS
Scopus Author ID: 25958268400
Publikacje z bazy Scopus
2023
Sadlok, G.
TAPHONOMY OF TINY TETRAPOD TRACKS IN AN EXAMPLE FROM THE LOWER PERMIAN (CISURALIAN) SŁUPIEC FORMATION (SW POLAND) Journal Article
In: Palaios, vol. 38, no. 10, pp. 395-406, 2023, ISSN: 08831351.
@article{2-s2.0-85176343877,
title = {TAPHONOMY OF TINY TETRAPOD TRACKS IN AN EXAMPLE FROM THE LOWER PERMIAN (CISURALIAN) SŁUPIEC FORMATION (SW POLAND)},
author = { G. Sadlok},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85176343877&doi=10.2110%2fpalo.2022.015&partnerID=40&md5=bae47c248dd3988b6bca49967c2a4a61},
doi = {10.2110/palo.2022.015},
issn = {08831351},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-01-01},
journal = {Palaios},
volume = {38},
number = {10},
pages = {395-406},
publisher = {SEPM Society for Sedimentary Geology},
abstract = {The continental Lower Permian Słupiec Formation (the Sudetes Mountains; southwestern Poland) is well known for the occurrence of fossilized tracks of Early Permian tetrapods. Previous reports have focused on the taxonomy of tracks and their producers. The track assemblage was apparently missing the footprints of amphibians and thus such tetrapods were thought to be truly absent in the Słupiec Early Permian paleohabitat. The present paper utilizes the results of experiments and field surveys in order to test a possibility that tracks of tiny tetrapods (e.g.; with body mass; 9 g), including amphibians, could be missing due to taphonomic filtration. The experimental tests were performed to investigate the following: (1) the interplay between the sizes of the penetrator (representation of trackmaker’s pes and manus) and the particles within the substrate, with emphasis on how the size interplay affects the lamina-modification mechanism, e.g., lamina-piercing by sand versus lamina compaction/displacement by sand or clay; (2) undertrack production in laminated sandy substrates by tiny tetrapods; and (3) the taphonomic impact that biofilm may have on the occurrence of tiny tetrapod tracks in clay. The results of experimental tests and the field survey suggest that tiny tetrapod tracks (e.g.; amphibians) may be underrepresented in the Słupiec Formation track assemblage due to negative taphonomic filtration. Copyright © 2023, SEPM (Society for Sedimentary Geology).},
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The continental Lower Permian Słupiec Formation (the Sudetes Mountains; southwestern Poland) is well known for the occurrence of fossilized tracks of Early Permian tetrapods. Previous reports have focused on the taxonomy of tracks and their producers. The track assemblage was apparently missing the footprints of amphibians and thus such tetrapods were thought to be truly absent in the Słupiec Early Permian paleohabitat. The present paper utilizes the results of experiments and field surveys in order to test a possibility that tracks of tiny tetrapods (e.g.; with body mass; 9 g), including amphibians, could be missing due to taphonomic filtration. The experimental tests were performed to investigate the following: (1) the interplay between the sizes of the penetrator (representation of trackmaker’s pes and manus) and the particles within the substrate, with emphasis on how the size interplay affects the lamina-modification mechanism, e.g., lamina-piercing by sand versus lamina compaction/displacement by sand or clay; (2) undertrack production in laminated sandy substrates by tiny tetrapods; and (3) the taphonomic impact that biofilm may have on the occurrence of tiny tetrapod tracks in clay. The results of experimental tests and the field survey suggest that tiny tetrapod tracks (e.g.; amphibians) may be underrepresented in the Słupiec Formation track assemblage due to negative taphonomic filtration. Copyright © 2023, SEPM (Society for Sedimentary Geology).
2022
Sadlok, G.
In: Journal of Paleontology, vol. 96, no. 5, pp. 1189-1208, 2022, ISSN: 00223360, (1).
@article{2-s2.0-85129675868,
title = {Carnivorous reptile feeding strategies and postmortem food-processing behaviors: tooth traces on bones from the Upper Triassic Grabowa Formation (southern Poland)},
author = { G. Sadlok},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85129675868&doi=10.1017%2fjpa.2022.16&partnerID=40&md5=2ef6dd6a26d28428d0a9f42c501e95b9},
doi = {10.1017/jpa.2022.16},
issn = {00223360},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Paleontology},
volume = {96},
number = {5},
pages = {1189-1208},
publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
abstract = {Carnivores make traces on bones with their teeth when feeding. A true predatory bite trace (predichnia) forms when a predator catches and kills its prey or attempts to do so. Both predators and scavengers may leave their nonpredatory feeding traces during postmortem food processing. Despite the interpretative uncertainties as to the ethology such ichnofossils may represent, the bite traces have been traditionally classified as predichnia—traces of predation. Previously, there was no alternative ethological category available for workers to classify them. The present paper fills that gap and describes tooth-made ichnofossils from the continental Upper Triassic Grabowa Formation of southern Poland. It discusses modes the serration and striations might have formed along Linichnus edges, potential makers of the trace fossils, feeding strategies, and food-processing behaviors the ichnites may represent. All the bite traces are thought to act as a record of carnivorous behaviors and are classified as sarcophagichnia, a new ethological category (traces of feeding on a body). Finally, all the studied bite traces were likely inflicted postmortem and are classified as necrophagichnia (traces of feeding on an already dead body), most likely produced by scavengers in the studied cases. Data on recent carnivores link these ichnites with postmortem food-processing behaviors, such as dismembering and defleshing. Scavenging could, in fact, have been a preferred carnivorous feeding strategy in the seasonal Norian climate of the area. Dry seasons could have perhaps increased vertebrate mortality rates and provided plenty of carcasses for carnivores to feed on. Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Paleontological Society.},
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Carnivores make traces on bones with their teeth when feeding. A true predatory bite trace (predichnia) forms when a predator catches and kills its prey or attempts to do so. Both predators and scavengers may leave their nonpredatory feeding traces during postmortem food processing. Despite the interpretative uncertainties as to the ethology such ichnofossils may represent, the bite traces have been traditionally classified as predichnia—traces of predation. Previously, there was no alternative ethological category available for workers to classify them. The present paper fills that gap and describes tooth-made ichnofossils from the continental Upper Triassic Grabowa Formation of southern Poland. It discusses modes the serration and striations might have formed along Linichnus edges, potential makers of the trace fossils, feeding strategies, and food-processing behaviors the ichnites may represent. All the bite traces are thought to act as a record of carnivorous behaviors and are classified as sarcophagichnia, a new ethological category (traces of feeding on a body). Finally, all the studied bite traces were likely inflicted postmortem and are classified as necrophagichnia (traces of feeding on an already dead body), most likely produced by scavengers in the studied cases. Data on recent carnivores link these ichnites with postmortem food-processing behaviors, such as dismembering and defleshing. Scavenging could, in fact, have been a preferred carnivorous feeding strategy in the seasonal Norian climate of the area. Dry seasons could have perhaps increased vertebrate mortality rates and provided plenty of carcasses for carnivores to feed on. Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Paleontological Society.
2021
Sadlok, G.; Pawełczyk, K.
Tetrapod swim techniques interpreted from swim trace fossils from the Lower Triassic Baranów Formation, Holy Cross Mountains, central Poland Journal Article
In: PalZ, vol. 95, no. 1, pp. 167-177, 2021, ISSN: 00310220, (2).
@article{2-s2.0-85078736591,
title = {Tetrapod swim techniques interpreted from swim trace fossils from the Lower Triassic Baranów Formation, Holy Cross Mountains, central Poland},
author = { G. Sadlok and K. Pawełczyk},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85078736591&doi=10.1007%2fs12542-019-00510-w&partnerID=40&md5=24cbf00b25e984793ebcd96c12a487cd},
doi = {10.1007/s12542-019-00510-w},
issn = {00310220},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-01},
journal = {PalZ},
volume = {95},
number = {1},
pages = {167-177},
publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH},
abstract = {Swimming tetrapods may leave their traces under water if their digits or limbs stir the bottom sediment. Resulting trace fossils are evidence of a swim behavior. Tetrapods swim techniques depend on the functional morphology of the swimmers. Examination of swim trace fossils may reveal the swim techniques employed and swimmers’ functional morphologies behind the behaviors. The present paper analyzes swim trace fossils of tetrapods from the fluvial Lower Triassic Baranów Formation in the Holy Cross Mountains (central Poland). The examination focuses on swim techniques. An attempt is made to correlate the inferred technique with functional morphology of the swimmer. It is concluded that the two types of swim traces occur in the Baranów Formation. These record two different swim techniques—paddling with limbs and body/tail undulation. The distinct types of swim trace fossils point to two types of swimmers: fully terrestrial archosaurs paddling with their limbs and amphibious tetrapods swimming with undulatory movements—likely utilizing their laterally flattened tails. © 2020, The Author(s).},
note = {2},
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Swimming tetrapods may leave their traces under water if their digits or limbs stir the bottom sediment. Resulting trace fossils are evidence of a swim behavior. Tetrapods swim techniques depend on the functional morphology of the swimmers. Examination of swim trace fossils may reveal the swim techniques employed and swimmers’ functional morphologies behind the behaviors. The present paper analyzes swim trace fossils of tetrapods from the fluvial Lower Triassic Baranów Formation in the Holy Cross Mountains (central Poland). The examination focuses on swim techniques. An attempt is made to correlate the inferred technique with functional morphology of the swimmer. It is concluded that the two types of swim traces occur in the Baranów Formation. These record two different swim techniques—paddling with limbs and body/tail undulation. The distinct types of swim trace fossils point to two types of swimmers: fully terrestrial archosaurs paddling with their limbs and amphibious tetrapods swimming with undulatory movements—likely utilizing their laterally flattened tails. © 2020, The Author(s).
Sadlok, G.
Biostratinomy of dune tracks in sub-0 °C temperature Journal Article
In: Ichnos:an International Journal of Plant and Animal, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 133-142, 2021, ISSN: 10420940.
@article{2-s2.0-85104316438,
title = {Biostratinomy of dune tracks in sub-0 °C temperature},
author = { G. Sadlok},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85104316438&doi=10.1080%2f10420940.2021.1901694&partnerID=40&md5=c3cecbe2bae5f6e863391e3aae8f96d3},
doi = {10.1080/10420940.2021.1901694},
issn = {10420940},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-01},
journal = {Ichnos:an International Journal of Plant and Animal},
volume = {28},
number = {2},
pages = {133-142},
publisher = {Bellwether Publishing, Ltd.},
abstract = {Trackways left in dune sand spark intrigue with their ephemeral nature. Small animals (arthropods and vertebrates) leave their footprints in eolian sands but such tracks do not last long. Wind and avalanching may re-mobilize sand grains and obliterate their footprints, ultimately preventing them from entering fossil record. Some of these fleeting tracks are lucky enough to survive at the parting surfaces between sedimentary layers. This paper highlights the possible role that sub-0 °C temperatures play in the biostratinomy of eolian tracks. Water combined with sub-0 °C temperatures may create short-lasting ice cementation within the very top of an active sand layer—mm-scale crust. The temporal cement stabilizes the surface, inhibits the re-mobilization of sand particles and hinders the obliteration of footprints. Such crust may provide a brief time window of enhanced preservation potential, protecting tracks until incoming sand buries them. On the contrary, if the ice-cement crust forms before the passage of a small and light trackmaker, no tracks are formed at all. This is because the crust is impenetrable to the tiny feet of light animals. Therefore, sub-0 °C temperatures apparently may play both, positive and negative roles in the biostratinomy of eolian tracks. © 2021 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.},
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Trackways left in dune sand spark intrigue with their ephemeral nature. Small animals (arthropods and vertebrates) leave their footprints in eolian sands but such tracks do not last long. Wind and avalanching may re-mobilize sand grains and obliterate their footprints, ultimately preventing them from entering fossil record. Some of these fleeting tracks are lucky enough to survive at the parting surfaces between sedimentary layers. This paper highlights the possible role that sub-0 °C temperatures play in the biostratinomy of eolian tracks. Water combined with sub-0 °C temperatures may create short-lasting ice cementation within the very top of an active sand layer—mm-scale crust. The temporal cement stabilizes the surface, inhibits the re-mobilization of sand particles and hinders the obliteration of footprints. Such crust may provide a brief time window of enhanced preservation potential, protecting tracks until incoming sand buries them. On the contrary, if the ice-cement crust forms before the passage of a small and light trackmaker, no tracks are formed at all. This is because the crust is impenetrable to the tiny feet of light animals. Therefore, sub-0 °C temperatures apparently may play both, positive and negative roles in the biostratinomy of eolian tracks. © 2021 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
2020
Sadlok, G.
Putative crayfish burrows from the upper triassic Grabowa formation of southern poland Journal Article
In: Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie und Palaontologie - Abhandlungen, vol. 298, no. 3, pp. 235-249, 2020, ISSN: 00777749, (1).
@article{2-s2.0-85099213370,
title = {Putative crayfish burrows from the upper triassic Grabowa formation of southern poland},
author = { G. Sadlok},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85099213370&doi=10.1127%2fnjgpa%2f2020%2f0946&partnerID=40&md5=da91925ddc3c2520fe1f4df91c4e377e},
doi = {10.1127/njgpa/2020/0946},
issn = {00777749},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
journal = {Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie und Palaontologie - Abhandlungen},
volume = {298},
number = {3},
pages = {235-249},
publisher = {Gebruder Borntraeger Verlagsbuchhandlung},
abstract = {The present paper provides the first description of natural casts of arthropod-made burrows recovered from the continental Upper Triassic Grabowa Formation in the southern Poland. Casts’ general morphologies and nature of cast-forming sediments – all corroborate the conclusion that the casts are of open tubular burrows once communicated with the surface and subsequently passively infilled with sediments. Despite their fragmentary and ex situ preservation, some of the casts represent branched structures and horizontal components of the original burrows. The surficial morphology is smooth or displays features like: scrap marks, scratches, knobby textures, metameric body parts’ impressions, nodes and elongated coiled imprints. Branching, horizontal components and most of the surficial features (excluding nodes and elongated coiled imprints) are assignable to activity of arthropods, possibly crayfish. One specimen displays features known from lungfish burrows. The observed smooth to sculptured variation of surface morphology is likely a function of substrate water saturation – burrowers lived in a phreatic and vadose zones of the groundwater profile and dug within softground and firmground substrates, respectively. © 2020 E. Schweizerbart’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart, Germany.},
note = {1},
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The present paper provides the first description of natural casts of arthropod-made burrows recovered from the continental Upper Triassic Grabowa Formation in the southern Poland. Casts’ general morphologies and nature of cast-forming sediments – all corroborate the conclusion that the casts are of open tubular burrows once communicated with the surface and subsequently passively infilled with sediments. Despite their fragmentary and ex situ preservation, some of the casts represent branched structures and horizontal components of the original burrows. The surficial morphology is smooth or displays features like: scrap marks, scratches, knobby textures, metameric body parts’ impressions, nodes and elongated coiled imprints. Branching, horizontal components and most of the surficial features (excluding nodes and elongated coiled imprints) are assignable to activity of arthropods, possibly crayfish. One specimen displays features known from lungfish burrows. The observed smooth to sculptured variation of surface morphology is likely a function of substrate water saturation – burrowers lived in a phreatic and vadose zones of the groundwater profile and dug within softground and firmground substrates, respectively. © 2020 E. Schweizerbart’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart, Germany.
Sadlok, G.; Zatoń, M.
Ichnology of the Middle Jurassic hiatus concretions from Poland: implications for their formation, exhumation, and palaeoenvironment Journal Article
In: Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments, vol. 100, no. 3, pp. 757-771, 2020, ISSN: 18671594, (1).
@article{2-s2.0-85079458824,
title = {Ichnology of the Middle Jurassic hiatus concretions from Poland: implications for their formation, exhumation, and palaeoenvironment},
author = { G. Sadlok and M. Zatoń},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85079458824&doi=10.1007%2fs12549-019-00410-6&partnerID=40&md5=dfe17ef3d54b7f5babb41e59a86ddd6a},
doi = {10.1007/s12549-019-00410-6},
issn = {18671594},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
journal = {Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments},
volume = {100},
number = {3},
pages = {757-771},
publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH},
abstract = {In the present study, the Middle Jurassic exhumed carbonate concretions (the so-called hiatus concretions) from the Polish Jura (southern Poland) were studied ichnologically (precursor burrows and their tiering and bioerosion patterns) in order to decipher the palaeoenvironmental conditions leading to their formation and exhumation. The ichnological approach to the concretionary bodies used in this study yielded information on the scale of seafloor erosion and its relative timing compared to the burrow-infilling phase. The bioerosion patterns also provided information on proximal-distal trends and the frequency and strength of currents in the environment below storm wave base, a setting recorded in the monotonous, concretion-bearing siliciclastic sections which is studied here. The significance of the stratigraphic sequence is also briefly discussed based on the horizons containing the hiatus concretions. © 2020, Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.},
note = {1},
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In the present study, the Middle Jurassic exhumed carbonate concretions (the so-called hiatus concretions) from the Polish Jura (southern Poland) were studied ichnologically (precursor burrows and their tiering and bioerosion patterns) in order to decipher the palaeoenvironmental conditions leading to their formation and exhumation. The ichnological approach to the concretionary bodies used in this study yielded information on the scale of seafloor erosion and its relative timing compared to the burrow-infilling phase. The bioerosion patterns also provided information on proximal-distal trends and the frequency and strength of currents in the environment below storm wave base, a setting recorded in the monotonous, concretion-bearing siliciclastic sections which is studied here. The significance of the stratigraphic sequence is also briefly discussed based on the horizons containing the hiatus concretions. © 2020, Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
Sadlok, G.
On A Hypothetical Mechanism of Interstellar Life Transfer Trough Nomadic Objects Journal Article
In: Origins of Life and Evolution of Biospheres, vol. 50, no. 1-2, pp. 87-96, 2020, ISSN: 01696149, (4).
@article{2-s2.0-85079439441,
title = {On A Hypothetical Mechanism of Interstellar Life Transfer Trough Nomadic Objects},
author = { G. Sadlok},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85079439441&doi=10.1007%2fs11084-020-09591-z&partnerID=40&md5=714d0067c301f4b350a3c5c9855219e2},
doi = {10.1007/s11084-020-09591-z},
issn = {01696149},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
journal = {Origins of Life and Evolution of Biospheres},
volume = {50},
number = {1-2},
pages = {87-96},
publisher = {Springer},
abstract = {Lethal radiation, low vacuum pressure and low temperatures – this is how space welcomes organisms. Crossing of immense interstellar distances inflates the exposure time of biological material to harmful space conditions. This paper discusses the intriguing possibility of a life-bearing exoplanet being ejected from its planetary system and carrying life across interstellar distances (nomadic = free floating = rogue planet). The proposed interstellar panspermia mechanism reduces the exposure time to space conditions and provides multiple chances for interactions between microbes-bearing rock debris and exoplanets within system the nomadic object encountered on its way. The testing strategy is outlined and discussed in the paper, including testable predictions the proposed hypothesis makes. © 2020, The Author(s).},
note = {4},
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Lethal radiation, low vacuum pressure and low temperatures – this is how space welcomes organisms. Crossing of immense interstellar distances inflates the exposure time of biological material to harmful space conditions. This paper discusses the intriguing possibility of a life-bearing exoplanet being ejected from its planetary system and carrying life across interstellar distances (nomadic = free floating = rogue planet). The proposed interstellar panspermia mechanism reduces the exposure time to space conditions and provides multiple chances for interactions between microbes-bearing rock debris and exoplanets within system the nomadic object encountered on its way. The testing strategy is outlined and discussed in the paper, including testable predictions the proposed hypothesis makes. © 2020, The Author(s).
2019
Sadlok, G.
Brasilichnium-like tracks from the lower triassic of the holy cross mountains, Poland Journal Article
In: Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie und Palaontologie - Abhandlungen, vol. 292, no. 1, pp. 103-112, 2019, ISSN: 00777749, (1).
@article{2-s2.0-85064926562,
title = {Brasilichnium-like tracks from the lower triassic of the holy cross mountains, Poland},
author = { G. Sadlok},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85064926562&doi=10.1127%2fnjgpa%2f2019%2f0813&partnerID=40&md5=5092b6f86ac7573bcfbce275ceb5bb6f},
doi = {10.1127/njgpa/2019/0813},
issn = {00777749},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-01-01},
journal = {Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie und Palaontologie - Abhandlungen},
volume = {292},
number = {1},
pages = {103-112},
publisher = {Gebruder Borntraeger Verlagsbuchhandlung},
abstract = {This paper describes an assemblage of minute tracks preserved on a slab of sandstone from the Lower Triassic Tumlin Sandstone (Holy Cross Mountains; Poland). The slab surface of 766.9 cm2 is covered with numerous tracks differing in size and preservation (n = 1087). Calculated track density is ~1.4 track/cm2. The size of individual tracks ranges from 0.19 to 94.8 mm2. Smaller tracks are preserved as indistinct depressions. Locally, they display a linear arrangement and may represent invertebrate trackways or vertebrate undertracks (inconclusive). Larger tracks show more details and most probably were produced by vertebrates. Locally, sets of manual and pedal imprints are observed, the pedal ones are larger. The well-preserved pedal imprints comprise a broad “heel” area and four relatively short digital imprints. Trackways are diff cult to discern due to a high number of tracks. Digital techniques of visualization are used as an aid in track pattern recognition. Small synapsids were the likely trackmakers. The tracks resemble Brasilichnium ichnogenus in terms of track morphology, pes-manus size difference, pes pace angulation and environmental settings. However, the Tumlin Sandstone tracks are Early Triassic, whereas Brasilichnium is Late TriassicEarly Jurassic and Early Cretaceous in age. Predecessors of Brasilichnium tracemakers could have produced the described tracks. © 2019 E. Schweizerbart’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart, Germany.},
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This paper describes an assemblage of minute tracks preserved on a slab of sandstone from the Lower Triassic Tumlin Sandstone (Holy Cross Mountains; Poland). The slab surface of 766.9 cm2 is covered with numerous tracks differing in size and preservation (n = 1087). Calculated track density is ~1.4 track/cm2. The size of individual tracks ranges from 0.19 to 94.8 mm2. Smaller tracks are preserved as indistinct depressions. Locally, they display a linear arrangement and may represent invertebrate trackways or vertebrate undertracks (inconclusive). Larger tracks show more details and most probably were produced by vertebrates. Locally, sets of manual and pedal imprints are observed, the pedal ones are larger. The well-preserved pedal imprints comprise a broad “heel” area and four relatively short digital imprints. Trackways are diff cult to discern due to a high number of tracks. Digital techniques of visualization are used as an aid in track pattern recognition. Small synapsids were the likely trackmakers. The tracks resemble Brasilichnium ichnogenus in terms of track morphology, pes-manus size difference, pes pace angulation and environmental settings. However, the Tumlin Sandstone tracks are Early Triassic, whereas Brasilichnium is Late TriassicEarly Jurassic and Early Cretaceous in age. Predecessors of Brasilichnium tracemakers could have produced the described tracks. © 2019 E. Schweizerbart’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart, Germany.
2014
Sadlok, G.
Rusophycus inexpectus isp. nov. from the Furongian (Upper Cambrian) of the Holy Cross Mountains (Poland) Journal Article
In: Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae, vol. 84, no. 2, pp. 143-151, 2014, ISSN: 02089068, (1).
@article{2-s2.0-84908213099,
title = {Rusophycus inexpectus isp. nov. from the Furongian (Upper Cambrian) of the Holy Cross Mountains (Poland)},
author = { G. Sadlok},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84908213099&partnerID=40&md5=6e88a2cacc6178e1b19082866fe3d160},
issn = {02089068},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae},
volume = {84},
number = {2},
pages = {143-151},
publisher = {Geological Society of Poland},
abstract = {A new trace fossil Rusophycus inexpectus isp. nov. is de scribed from the Furongian (Up per Cambrian) strata of the Holy Cross Mountains. This ichnospecies is probably non-tri lo bite in origin and is commonly pre served as an undertrace. This preservation style resembles that of Rusophycus ramellensis Legg, an index fossil of the Cambrian Series 3. There fore, previous workers misinterpreted material from the Wiśniówka Sand stone Formation as Rusophycus ramellensis Legg (re corded by them as Cruziana barbata) and put the Cambrian Series 3 and Furongian boundary within this unit. Rusophycus inexpectus isp. nov differs from Rusophycus ramellensis Legg: 1) in having a smooth trapezoidal area be hind the lobes; 2) in the presence of a direct con tact between the endopodal lobes and cephalic margin imprints and 3) in the restriction of the occurrence of the endopodal lobes and scratches to the cephalic region of the trace fossil. Care must be taken, when dealing with the undertrace preservation style of Rusophycus ramellensis Legg in other assemblages, as it may rep re sent Rusophycus inexpectus isp. nov. © 2014, Geological Society of Poland. All right reserved.},
note = {1},
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A new trace fossil Rusophycus inexpectus isp. nov. is de scribed from the Furongian (Up per Cambrian) strata of the Holy Cross Mountains. This ichnospecies is probably non-tri lo bite in origin and is commonly pre served as an undertrace. This preservation style resembles that of Rusophycus ramellensis Legg, an index fossil of the Cambrian Series 3. There fore, previous workers misinterpreted material from the Wiśniówka Sand stone Formation as Rusophycus ramellensis Legg (re corded by them as Cruziana barbata) and put the Cambrian Series 3 and Furongian boundary within this unit. Rusophycus inexpectus isp. nov differs from Rusophycus ramellensis Legg: 1) in having a smooth trapezoidal area be hind the lobes; 2) in the presence of a direct con tact between the endopodal lobes and cephalic margin imprints and 3) in the restriction of the occurrence of the endopodal lobes and scratches to the cephalic region of the trace fossil. Care must be taken, when dealing with the undertrace preservation style of Rusophycus ramellensis Legg in other assemblages, as it may rep re sent Rusophycus inexpectus isp. nov. © 2014, Geological Society of Poland. All right reserved.
Sadlok, G.
New data on the trace fossil, Cruziana Semiplicata (Furongian, Wiśniówka Sandstone Formation, Poland): Origin, ethology and producer Journal Article
In: Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae, vol. 84, no. 1, pp. 35-50, 2014, ISSN: 02089068, (6).
@article{2-s2.0-84901940670,
title = {New data on the trace fossil, Cruziana Semiplicata (Furongian, Wiśniówka Sandstone Formation, Poland): Origin, ethology and producer},
author = { G. Sadlok},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84901940670&partnerID=40&md5=4a25328436a8823c3b9d8ff3c72213cf},
issn = {02089068},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae},
volume = {84},
number = {1},
pages = {35-50},
publisher = {Geological Society of Poland},
abstract = {Cruziana semiplicata Salter is a well known ichnospecies, ascribed to trilobites. Despite that, there are still contradicting views on its origin (infaunal vs. epifaunal), the ethology represented (crawling vs. feeding) and the identity of its producer (a few trilobite genera were proposed). In this paper, new data are presented and com- bined to create a coherent interpretative model for Cruziana semiplicata. According to this new model, Cruziana semiplicata is a fossilized version of an epifaunal, pascichnial (feeding) trace produced by an organism, positioned above the seabed with only a few frontal appendages touching the depositional surface and processing the sedi- ment below. This model is based on observations of trace fossil morphology and neoichnological observations of the feeding behaviour of Triops australiensis. Also, a short geometrical comparison with the co-occurring Rusophycus polonicus is made to show that these trace fossils most likely had different trace makers.},
note = {6},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Cruziana semiplicata Salter is a well known ichnospecies, ascribed to trilobites. Despite that, there are still contradicting views on its origin (infaunal vs. epifaunal), the ethology represented (crawling vs. feeding) and the identity of its producer (a few trilobite genera were proposed). In this paper, new data are presented and com- bined to create a coherent interpretative model for Cruziana semiplicata. According to this new model, Cruziana semiplicata is a fossilized version of an epifaunal, pascichnial (feeding) trace produced by an organism, positioned above the seabed with only a few frontal appendages touching the depositional surface and processing the sedi- ment below. This model is based on observations of trace fossil morphology and neoichnological observations of the feeding behaviour of Triops australiensis. Also, a short geometrical comparison with the co-occurring Rusophycus polonicus is made to show that these trace fossils most likely had different trace makers.
2013
Sadlok, G.
Compaction-related style of Rusophycus preservation from Furongian (upper Cambrian) of holy cross mountains (Poland) Journal Article
In: Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae, vol. 83, no. 4, pp. 317-327, 2013, ISSN: 02089068, (3).
@article{2-s2.0-84896819440,
title = {Compaction-related style of Rusophycus preservation from Furongian (upper Cambrian) of holy cross mountains (Poland)},
author = { G. Sadlok},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84896819440&partnerID=40&md5=726fb1d9298e7cfe160dd7906248e9d4},
issn = {02089068},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-01-01},
journal = {Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae},
volume = {83},
number = {4},
pages = {317-327},
abstract = {In general, the trace fossil Rusophycus, pre served as a concave-up ward structure on the top of a bed, is considered to be a fossilized marking, made by a trace maker. The structures de scribed from the Cambrian (Furon-gian) of central Poland are genetically related to Rusophycus. How ever, despite their occurrence on the tops of beds, they are not fossilized traces, but compaction-related features, resulting from differential sand stone and mudstone compaction with possible mediation by organic-rich, heterolithic sediments. The preservation of these structures probably was influenced by biofilms or biomats.},
note = {3},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
In general, the trace fossil Rusophycus, pre served as a concave-up ward structure on the top of a bed, is considered to be a fossilized marking, made by a trace maker. The structures de scribed from the Cambrian (Furon-gian) of central Poland are genetically related to Rusophycus. How ever, despite their occurrence on the tops of beds, they are not fossilized traces, but compaction-related features, resulting from differential sand stone and mudstone compaction with possible mediation by organic-rich, heterolithic sediments. The preservation of these structures probably was influenced by biofilms or biomats.
Sadlok, G.; Wawrzyniak, Z.
Upper triassic vertebrate tracks from Kraków-Częstochowa upland, southern Poland Journal Article
In: Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae, vol. 83, no. 2, pp. 105-111, 2013, ISSN: 02089068, (11).
@article{2-s2.0-84891719047,
title = {Upper triassic vertebrate tracks from Kraków-Częstochowa upland, southern Poland},
author = { G. Sadlok and Z. Wawrzyniak},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84891719047&partnerID=40&md5=d7d95f48ff2fefea63f985b0ab8f004c},
issn = {02089068},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-01-01},
journal = {Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae},
volume = {83},
number = {2},
pages = {105-111},
publisher = {Geological Society of Poland},
abstract = {The first Upper Triassic vertebrate fossil tracks are documented from the Zawiercie locality, Krakow- Czȩstochowa Upland, southern Poland. The most characteristic components of the assemblage are tracks, assignable to archosaurs and dicynodonts. The inferred composition of the fauna is comparable to those of much better studied, contemporaneous sites in Italy, Argentina and the USA.},
note = {11},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The first Upper Triassic vertebrate fossil tracks are documented from the Zawiercie locality, Krakow- Czȩstochowa Upland, southern Poland. The most characteristic components of the assemblage are tracks, assignable to archosaurs and dicynodonts. The inferred composition of the fauna is comparable to those of much better studied, contemporaneous sites in Italy, Argentina and the USA.
2011
Sadlok, G.
In: Przeglad Geologiczny, vol. 59, no. 1, pp. 82-92, 2011, ISSN: 00332151, (1).
@article{2-s2.0-79954611533,
title = {Arthropod tracks from the Furongian (Upper Cambrian) of the Wiśniówka Wielka (Holy Cross Mountains) and their taphonomy: A preliminary report [Wstȩpne dane o tropach stawonogów z furongu (górnego kambru) Wiśniówki Wielkiej (Góry Świȩ tokrzyskie) i ich tafonomii]},
author = { G. Sadlok},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79954611533&partnerID=40&md5=a015a52f36a882b104a5d47738c8547c},
issn = {00332151},
year = {2011},
date = {2011-01-01},
journal = {Przeglad Geologiczny},
volume = {59},
number = {1},
pages = {82-92},
abstract = {Previous works on arthropod trace fossils from the Furongian (Upper Cambrian) section exposed at the Wiśniówka Wielka quarry (Holy Cross Mountains; Poland) focused on trilobite-made structures referred to as Rusophycus polonicus and Cruziana semiplicata. Arthropod trackways did not receive much attention. The present paper contains preliminary data on new records of arthropod trackways from the Furongian of the Wiśniówka Wielka section and on their taphonomy. The material studied comprises undetermined arthropod tracks and specimens belonging to three ichnogenera: ?Asaphoidichnus, Diplichnites and Petalichnus.},
note = {1},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Previous works on arthropod trace fossils from the Furongian (Upper Cambrian) section exposed at the Wiśniówka Wielka quarry (Holy Cross Mountains; Poland) focused on trilobite-made structures referred to as Rusophycus polonicus and Cruziana semiplicata. Arthropod trackways did not receive much attention. The present paper contains preliminary data on new records of arthropod trackways from the Furongian of the Wiśniówka Wielka section and on their taphonomy. The material studied comprises undetermined arthropod tracks and specimens belonging to three ichnogenera: ?Asaphoidichnus, Diplichnites and Petalichnus.
2010
Sadlok, G.
Trace fossil Cruziana tenella from the Furongian (Upper Cambrian) deposits of Poland Journal Article
In: Acta Geologica Polonica, vol. 60, no. 3, pp. 349-355, 2010, ISSN: 00015709, (7).
@article{2-s2.0-78049374006,
title = {Trace fossil Cruziana tenella from the Furongian (Upper Cambrian) deposits of Poland},
author = { G. Sadlok},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-78049374006&partnerID=40&md5=8b4c78a3c4f83f93cf369a9445aef77f},
issn = {00015709},
year = {2010},
date = {2010-01-01},
journal = {Acta Geologica Polonica},
volume = {60},
number = {3},
pages = {349-355},
abstract = {A minute, bilobate ribbon-like trace fossil, assigned to the ichnospecies Cruziana tenella, is recorded for the first time from Furongian (Upper Cambrian) strata of the Wiśniówka Formation exposed in the Wiśniówka Wielka quarry, Holy Cross Mountains, central Poland. The collected material of C. tenella is interpreted as arthropod pascichnia trails. a significant gap in size distribution and morphology between C. tenella and other Cruziana trails from Wiśniówka Wielka suggests that the former cannot be regarded as produced by juveniles of the biotaxa responsible for the latter. C. tenella from Wiśniówka Wielka was most probably produced by arthropods reaching a small adult size.},
note = {7},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
A minute, bilobate ribbon-like trace fossil, assigned to the ichnospecies Cruziana tenella, is recorded for the first time from Furongian (Upper Cambrian) strata of the Wiśniówka Formation exposed in the Wiśniówka Wielka quarry, Holy Cross Mountains, central Poland. The collected material of C. tenella is interpreted as arthropod pascichnia trails. a significant gap in size distribution and morphology between C. tenella and other Cruziana trails from Wiśniówka Wielka suggests that the former cannot be regarded as produced by juveniles of the biotaxa responsible for the latter. C. tenella from Wiśniówka Wielka was most probably produced by arthropods reaching a small adult size.
Budziszewska-Karwówska, E.; Bujok, A.; Sadlok, G.
Bite marks on an upper triassic dicynodontid Tibia from Zawiercie, Kraókw-Czȩstochowa Upland, Southern Poland Journal Article
In: Palaios, vol. 25, no. 6, pp. 415-421, 2010, ISSN: 08831351, (19).
@article{2-s2.0-77953282375,
title = {Bite marks on an upper triassic dicynodontid Tibia from Zawiercie, Kraókw-Czȩstochowa Upland, Southern Poland},
author = { E. Budziszewska-Karwówska and A. Bujok and G. Sadlok},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77953282375&doi=10.2110%2fpalo.2009.p09-136r&partnerID=40&md5=e9fea5129cdad38e5466d10999c2bfb4},
doi = {10.2110/palo.2009.p09-136r},
issn = {08831351},
year = {2010},
date = {2010-01-01},
journal = {Palaios},
volume = {25},
number = {6},
pages = {415-421},
abstract = {We report the first record of bite marks on an Upper Triassic dicynodontid bone from Poland. The bone comes from the Upper Triassic (Norian) Woniki Limestone of Zawiercie, Krakw-Czstochowa Upland, southern Poland. The bone has several longitudinal bite marks on the anterior side of its shaft, as well as a row of small oval pits. The specimen bears, on its posterior side, evidence of additional damageparts of bone are missing in the proximal- and distal-end areas. The analysis of the longitudinal bite marks and pits indicates that more than one carnivore fed on the dicynodontid carcass. The different types of marks suggest that the specimen was scavenged. Copyright © 2010, SEPM (Society for Sedimentary Geology).},
note = {19},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
We report the first record of bite marks on an Upper Triassic dicynodontid bone from Poland. The bone comes from the Upper Triassic (Norian) Woniki Limestone of Zawiercie, Krakw-Czstochowa Upland, southern Poland. The bone has several longitudinal bite marks on the anterior side of its shaft, as well as a row of small oval pits. The specimen bears, on its posterior side, evidence of additional damageparts of bone are missing in the proximal- and distal-end areas. The analysis of the longitudinal bite marks and pits indicates that more than one carnivore fed on the dicynodontid carcass. The different types of marks suggest that the specimen was scavenged. Copyright © 2010, SEPM (Society for Sedimentary Geology).
Sadlok, G.; Machalski, M.
In: Acta Geologica Polonica, vol. 60, no. 1, pp. 119-123, 2010, ISSN: 00015709, (6).
@article{2-s2.0-77749337457,
title = {The trace fossil Rusophycus versans from the Furongian (Upper Cambrian) of central poland - An example of behavioural convergence amongst arthropods},
author = { G. Sadlok and M. Machalski},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77749337457&partnerID=40&md5=d899f2d70baf984422e3bd41c55db498},
issn = {00015709},
year = {2010},
date = {2010-01-01},
journal = {Acta Geologica Polonica},
volume = {60},
number = {1},
pages = {119-123},
abstract = {Traces assigned to Rusophycus versans are recorded for the first time from Furongian (Upper Cambrian) strata, as exposed at Wiśniówka Wielka quarry, Holy Cross Mountains, central Poland. These traces are ascribed to the life activity of trilobites in a fully marine environment. In contrast, previous records of R. versans have been attributed to notostracans, isopods or arthropleurids and are preserved in non-marine settings. The relatively wide phylogenetic distribution of R. versans within various arthropod groups indicates that this ichnotaxon represents behavioural convergence amongst arthropods.},
note = {6},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Traces assigned to Rusophycus versans are recorded for the first time from Furongian (Upper Cambrian) strata, as exposed at Wiśniówka Wielka quarry, Holy Cross Mountains, central Poland. These traces are ascribed to the life activity of trilobites in a fully marine environment. In contrast, previous records of R. versans have been attributed to notostracans, isopods or arthropleurids and are preserved in non-marine settings. The relatively wide phylogenetic distribution of R. versans within various arthropod groups indicates that this ichnotaxon represents behavioural convergence amongst arthropods.
2008
Sadlok, G.
In: Przeglad Geologiczny, vol. 56, no. 11, pp. 964-966, 2008, ISSN: 00332151, (2).
@article{2-s2.0-58149503632,
title = {Trace Diplopodichnus biformis Brady, 1947 (Middle Triassic, Jaworzno, Upper Silesia) - Potential indicator of subaerial conditions? [Ślad diplopodichnus biformis brady, 1947 ze środkowego triasu (Jaworzno, Górny Ślask) - Potencjalny wskaźnik warunków subaeralnych?]},
author = { G. Sadlok},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-58149503632&partnerID=40&md5=a685b0adfc0797b302469d3ddb055089},
issn = {00332151},
year = {2008},
date = {2008-01-01},
journal = {Przeglad Geologiczny},
volume = {56},
number = {11},
pages = {964-966},
abstract = {[No abstract available]},
note = {2},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
[No abstract available]
Sadlok, G.; Bujok, A.
In: Przeglad Geologiczny, vol. 56, no. 11, pp. 1005-1010, 2008, ISSN: 00332151, (1).
@article{2-s2.0-58149500133,
title = {Do ichnotaxonomic differences between lacertoid tracks from the Tumlin Sandstone reflect producer biotaxonomic differences? [Czy ró_żnice ichnotaksonomiczne miedzy tropami lacertoidów z piaskowca tumlińskiego odzwierciedlaja różnice biotaksonomiczne twórców?]},
author = { G. Sadlok and A. Bujok},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-58149500133&partnerID=40&md5=4becb4a0dafd91e3d558fb01fe0ee6c6},
issn = {00332151},
year = {2008},
date = {2008-01-01},
journal = {Przeglad Geologiczny},
volume = {56},
number = {11},
pages = {1005-1010},
abstract = {The Tumlin Sandstone is an eolian unit of disputable age (Late Permian or Early Triassic), exposed at the north-western border of the Holy Cross Mts., Central Poland. It contians and diversified invertebrate and vertebrate tracefossils. The present paper considers ichno-biodiversity relation of lacertoid tracks and their producers occurring in the considered unit. A neoichnological experiment indicates that the recent lacertoid, Pogona vitticeps can produce morphologically diversified tracks which infossil record would possibly be ascribed to different ichnogenera. The recorded variability range is qualitatively comparable to that of lacertoid tracks from the Tumlin Sandstone. It is thus possible that morphologically diversified lacertoid ichnogenera from the Tumlin Sandstone were produced by a single species. In consequence, morphologically diversified lacertoid ichnogenera from the Tumlin Sandstone might not be the equivalents of anatomically differentiated animals.},
note = {1},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The Tumlin Sandstone is an eolian unit of disputable age (Late Permian or Early Triassic), exposed at the north-western border of the Holy Cross Mts., Central Poland. It contians and diversified invertebrate and vertebrate tracefossils. The present paper considers ichno-biodiversity relation of lacertoid tracks and their producers occurring in the considered unit. A neoichnological experiment indicates that the recent lacertoid, Pogona vitticeps can produce morphologically diversified tracks which infossil record would possibly be ascribed to different ichnogenera. The recorded variability range is qualitatively comparable to that of lacertoid tracks from the Tumlin Sandstone. It is thus possible that morphologically diversified lacertoid ichnogenera from the Tumlin Sandstone were produced by a single species. In consequence, morphologically diversified lacertoid ichnogenera from the Tumlin Sandstone might not be the equivalents of anatomically differentiated animals.