• dr Marta Sawadro
Stanowisko: Adiunkt
Jednostka: Wydział Nauk Przyrodniczych
Adres: 40-007 Katowice, ul. Bankowa 9
Piętro: III
Numer pokoju: 308
Telefon: (32) 359 1203
E-mail: marta.sawadro@us.edu.pl
Spis publikacji: Spis wg CINiBA
Spis publikacji: Spis wg OPUS
Scopus Author ID: 57189053548
Publikacje z bazy Scopus
2024
Urbisz, A. Z.; Małota, K.; Chajec, Ł.; Sawadro, M. K.
In: Micron, vol. 176, 2024, ISSN: 09684328, (1).
@article{2-s2.0-85174449310,
title = {Size-dependent and sex-specific negative effects of micro- and nano-sized polystyrene particles in the terrestrial invertebrate model Drosophila melanogaster},
author = { A.Z. Urbisz and K. Małota and Ł. Chajec and M.K. Sawadro},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85174449310&doi=10.1016%2fj.micron.2023.103560&partnerID=40&md5=77068cdc7cddfb39fc67f8ce276d7ee0},
doi = {10.1016/j.micron.2023.103560},
issn = {09684328},
year = {2024},
date = {2024-01-01},
journal = {Micron},
volume = {176},
publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
abstract = {Microplastic pollution is believed to be one of the most widespread and long-lasting changes on a global scale. Our understanding that microplastics significantly impact terrestrial systems and are a global change stressor continues to grow. In the present study, we investigated the negative effect of long-term (28 days of exposure in food) polystyrene particles of micro (1.0–1.9 µm; 0.4–0.6 µm) and nano (0.04–0.06 µm) scale, in low doses, on the fruit fly – representing a common, globally distributed terrestrial invertebrate, and a model species in many fields. Our observations involved such parameters as ingestion and transfer of particles, survival, reproduction, changes in ultrastructure and tissue and cell responses in midgut epithelium (the place of direct contact with plastic), ovary, and testis in adults, and transgenerational effects in larvae. These observations may indicate possible toxic effects of the tested substances, even in low doses, that can be expected in other taxa, in terrestrial ecosystems. We observed a negative impact of polystyrene particles on the fruit fly survival, midgut, ovary, and testis, involving ultrastructural alterations, such as autophagy and/or ultimately necrosis in the midgut, triggering oxidative stress and activating processes of antioxidative protection. Despite the changes, midgut function and reproduction were not altered – spermatogenesis and oogenesis proceeded normally. The effect was size-dependent – the smaller the polystyrene particles were, the more substantial was the impact they caused. Ultrastructural changes and studied parameters, i.e., generation of ROS (overproduction of which generates oxidative stress), total glutathione concentration (involved in defense against ROS; acting in distinct pathways), and total antioxidant concentration (the oxidative defense system) showed the highest levels after exposure to the smallest nanoparticles, and vice versa. The effect was also sex-dependent, with male flies being more sensitive. Negative effects in males were more substantial and more prominent, even after contact with larger particles, compared to females. The smaller particles (0.4–0.6 µm; 0.04–0.06 µm) were transferred to the ovary and accumulated in the oocytes. In this case, a transgenerational negative effect was detected in larvae. It was characterized by size-dependent alterations, with smaller particles triggering higher levels of ROS and cellular oxidative response. Only the largest particles (1.0–1.9 µm) did not pass into the gonad and did not alter the larvae. These observations together demonstrated that polystyrene particles of micro- and nanoscale, even in a low dose, can induce numerous negative effects on terrestrial invertebrates. © 2023 The Authors},
note = {1},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Microplastic pollution is believed to be one of the most widespread and long-lasting changes on a global scale. Our understanding that microplastics significantly impact terrestrial systems and are a global change stressor continues to grow. In the present study, we investigated the negative effect of long-term (28 days of exposure in food) polystyrene particles of micro (1.0–1.9 µm; 0.4–0.6 µm) and nano (0.04–0.06 µm) scale, in low doses, on the fruit fly – representing a common, globally distributed terrestrial invertebrate, and a model species in many fields. Our observations involved such parameters as ingestion and transfer of particles, survival, reproduction, changes in ultrastructure and tissue and cell responses in midgut epithelium (the place of direct contact with plastic), ovary, and testis in adults, and transgenerational effects in larvae. These observations may indicate possible toxic effects of the tested substances, even in low doses, that can be expected in other taxa, in terrestrial ecosystems. We observed a negative impact of polystyrene particles on the fruit fly survival, midgut, ovary, and testis, involving ultrastructural alterations, such as autophagy and/or ultimately necrosis in the midgut, triggering oxidative stress and activating processes of antioxidative protection. Despite the changes, midgut function and reproduction were not altered – spermatogenesis and oogenesis proceeded normally. The effect was size-dependent – the smaller the polystyrene particles were, the more substantial was the impact they caused. Ultrastructural changes and studied parameters, i.e., generation of ROS (overproduction of which generates oxidative stress), total glutathione concentration (involved in defense against ROS; acting in distinct pathways), and total antioxidant concentration (the oxidative defense system) showed the highest levels after exposure to the smallest nanoparticles, and vice versa. The effect was also sex-dependent, with male flies being more sensitive. Negative effects in males were more substantial and more prominent, even after contact with larger particles, compared to females. The smaller particles (0.4–0.6 µm; 0.04–0.06 µm) were transferred to the ovary and accumulated in the oocytes. In this case, a transgenerational negative effect was detected in larvae. It was characterized by size-dependent alterations, with smaller particles triggering higher levels of ROS and cellular oxidative response. Only the largest particles (1.0–1.9 µm) did not pass into the gonad and did not alter the larvae. These observations together demonstrated that polystyrene particles of micro- and nanoscale, even in a low dose, can induce numerous negative effects on terrestrial invertebrates. © 2023 The Authors
2023
Czerwonka, A. E.; Sawadro, M. K.; Brożek, J.; Babczyńska, A.
In: PeerJ, vol. 11, 2023, ISSN: 21678359.
@article{2-s2.0-85168604417,
title = {Immunostimulation of Parasteatoda tepidariorum (Araneae: Theridiidae) in juvenile and adult stages. Immunity reactions to injury with foreign body and Bacillus subtilis infection},
author = { A.E. Czerwonka and M.K. Sawadro and J. Brożek and A. Babczyńska},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85168604417&doi=10.7717%2fpeerj.15337&partnerID=40&md5=34c3fb6f9b9d6e878a091533f1d24521},
doi = {10.7717/peerj.15337},
issn = {21678359},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-01-01},
journal = {PeerJ},
volume = {11},
publisher = {PeerJ Inc.},
abstract = {To assess the immune potential of spiders, in the present study juvenile and adult females of Parasteatoda tepidariorum were exposed to Bacillus subtilis infection, injury by a nylon monofilament and a combination of both. The expression level of selected immune-related genes: defensin 1 (PtDEF1), lysozyme 1 (PtLYS1), lysozyme C (PtLYSC), lysozyme M1 (PtLYSM1), autophagy-related protein 101 (PtATG101), dynamin (PtDYN) and heat shock proteins (HSP70) (PtHSPB; PtHSPB2A; PtHSPB2B), production of lysozyme and HSP70 proteins, and hemocytes viability were measured. The obtained results indicated expression of the lysozyme, autophagy-related protein and HSP70 genes in both ontogenetic stages of P. tepidariorum. It has been also shown that the simultaneous action of mechanical and biological factors causes higher level of lysozyme and HSP70, cell apoptosis intensity and lower level of hemocytes viability than in the case of exposure to a single immunostimulant. Moreover, mature females showed stronger early immune responses compared to juveniles. Copyright 2023 Czerwonka et al.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
To assess the immune potential of spiders, in the present study juvenile and adult females of Parasteatoda tepidariorum were exposed to Bacillus subtilis infection, injury by a nylon monofilament and a combination of both. The expression level of selected immune-related genes: defensin 1 (PtDEF1), lysozyme 1 (PtLYS1), lysozyme C (PtLYSC), lysozyme M1 (PtLYSM1), autophagy-related protein 101 (PtATG101), dynamin (PtDYN) and heat shock proteins (HSP70) (PtHSPB; PtHSPB2A; PtHSPB2B), production of lysozyme and HSP70 proteins, and hemocytes viability were measured. The obtained results indicated expression of the lysozyme, autophagy-related protein and HSP70 genes in both ontogenetic stages of P. tepidariorum. It has been also shown that the simultaneous action of mechanical and biological factors causes higher level of lysozyme and HSP70, cell apoptosis intensity and lower level of hemocytes viability than in the case of exposure to a single immunostimulant. Moreover, mature females showed stronger early immune responses compared to juveniles. Copyright 2023 Czerwonka et al.
2022
Urbisz, A. Z.; Chajec, Ł.; Małota, K.; Student, S.; Sawadro, M. K.; Śliwińska, M. A.; Świątek, P.
All for one: changes in mitochondrial morphology and activity during syncytial oogenesis Journal Article
In: Biology of Reproduction, vol. 106, no. 6, pp. 1232-1253, 2022, ISSN: 00063363, (2).
@article{2-s2.0-85132453288,
title = {All for one: changes in mitochondrial morphology and activity during syncytial oogenesis},
author = { A.Z. Urbisz and Ł. Chajec and K. Małota and S. Student and M.K. Sawadro and M.A. Śliwińska and P. Świątek},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85132453288&doi=10.1093%2fbiolre%2fioac035&partnerID=40&md5=d4f195796e8b35b1b64af31d1ab12b47},
doi = {10.1093/biolre/ioac035},
issn = {00063363},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-01-01},
journal = {Biology of Reproduction},
volume = {106},
number = {6},
pages = {1232-1253},
publisher = {Oxford University Press},
abstract = {The syncytial groups of germ cells (germ-line cysts) forming in ovaries of clitellate annelids are an attractive model to study mitochondrial stage-specific changes. Using transmission electron microscopy, serial block-face scanning electron microscopy, and fluorescent microscopy, we analyzed the mitochondria distribution and morphology and the state of membrane potential in female cysts in Enchytraeus albidus. We visualized in 3D at the ultrastructural level mitochondria in cysts at successive stages: 2-celled, 4-celled, 16-celled cysts, and cyst in advanced oogenesis. We found that mitochondria form extensive aggregates-they are fused and connected into large and branched mitochondrial networks. The most extensive networks are formed with up to 10 000 fused mitochondria, whereas individual organelles represent up to 2% of the total mitochondrial volume. We classify such a morphology of mitochondria as a dynamic hyperfusion state and suggest that this can maintain their high activity and intensify the process of cellular respiration within the syncytial cysts. We found some individual mitochondria undergoing degradation, which implies that damaged mitochondria are removed from networks for their final elimination. As growing oocytes were shown to possess less active mitochondria than the nurse cells, the high activity of mitochondria in the nurse cells and their dynamic hyperfusion state are attributed to serve the needs of the growing oocyte. In addition, we measured by calorimetry the total antioxidant capacity of germ-line cysts in comparison with somatic tissue, and it suggests that antioxidative defense systems, together with mitochondrial networks, can effectively protect germ-line mitochondria from damage. © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Society for the Study of Reproduction. All rights reserved.},
note = {2},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The syncytial groups of germ cells (germ-line cysts) forming in ovaries of clitellate annelids are an attractive model to study mitochondrial stage-specific changes. Using transmission electron microscopy, serial block-face scanning electron microscopy, and fluorescent microscopy, we analyzed the mitochondria distribution and morphology and the state of membrane potential in female cysts in Enchytraeus albidus. We visualized in 3D at the ultrastructural level mitochondria in cysts at successive stages: 2-celled, 4-celled, 16-celled cysts, and cyst in advanced oogenesis. We found that mitochondria form extensive aggregates-they are fused and connected into large and branched mitochondrial networks. The most extensive networks are formed with up to 10 000 fused mitochondria, whereas individual organelles represent up to 2% of the total mitochondrial volume. We classify such a morphology of mitochondria as a dynamic hyperfusion state and suggest that this can maintain their high activity and intensify the process of cellular respiration within the syncytial cysts. We found some individual mitochondria undergoing degradation, which implies that damaged mitochondria are removed from networks for their final elimination. As growing oocytes were shown to possess less active mitochondria than the nurse cells, the high activity of mitochondria in the nurse cells and their dynamic hyperfusion state are attributed to serve the needs of the growing oocyte. In addition, we measured by calorimetry the total antioxidant capacity of germ-line cysts in comparison with somatic tissue, and it suggests that antioxidative defense systems, together with mitochondrial networks, can effectively protect germ-line mitochondria from damage. © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Society for the Study of Reproduction. All rights reserved.
2021
Nicewicz, A. W.; Sawadro, M. K.; Nicewicz, Ł.; Babczyńska, A.
Juvenile hormone in spiders. Is this the solution to a mystery? Journal Article
In: General and Comparative Endocrinology, vol. 308, 2021, ISSN: 00166480, (2).
@article{2-s2.0-85104685733,
title = {Juvenile hormone in spiders. Is this the solution to a mystery?},
author = { A.W. Nicewicz and M.K. Sawadro and Ł. Nicewicz and A. Babczyńska},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85104685733&doi=10.1016%2fj.ygcen.2021.113781&partnerID=40&md5=d66bf81af423cb9104dd8a2547668b3d},
doi = {10.1016/j.ygcen.2021.113781},
issn = {00166480},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-01},
journal = {General and Comparative Endocrinology},
volume = {308},
publisher = {Academic Press Inc.},
abstract = {The juvenile hormone (JH) plays a crucial role in arthropod physiological processes, e.g., the regulation of metamorphosis, development, and reproduction (the vitellogenesis; the development of gonads; egg production). Still, data about this sesquiterpenoid hormone in spiders (Araneae) are rudimentary and equivocal. The presence of the JH or its precursors (e.g. methyl farnesoate) is not confirmed in spiders. The site of synthesis of its is still undetermined. No receptors of the JH are identified in spiders and thus, the molecular mechanism of action of this group of hormones is still unknown. Here we show by using the phylogenetic analysis and qPCR method the presence of the transcript of the enzyme catalyzing the last phase of the JH biosynthesis pathway (epox CYP15A1), the JH receptor (Met), and a possible candidate to the methyl farnesoate receptor (USP) in the various tissues and stages of ontogenesis in both sexes of spider Parasteatoda tepidariorum. Our results indicate that the juvenile hormone and/or methyl farnesoate presence is possible in the species of spider P. tepidariorum. The presence of the Ptepox CYP15A1 gene suggests that the main site of the juvenile hormone synthesis can be the integument and not the Schneider organ 2. It also seems that the juvenile hormone and/or methyl farnesoate can be hormones with biological activity due to the presence of the transcript of insect and crustacean JH/MG receptor – Met. The Ptepox CYP15A1, PtMet, and Ptusp expression are sex-, tissue-and time-specific. This study is the first report about the presence of the Ptepox CYP15A1 and PtMet transcripts in the Arachnida, which may indicate the presence of the juvenile hormone and/or methyl farnesoate in spiders. © 2021 Elsevier Inc.},
note = {2},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The juvenile hormone (JH) plays a crucial role in arthropod physiological processes, e.g., the regulation of metamorphosis, development, and reproduction (the vitellogenesis; the development of gonads; egg production). Still, data about this sesquiterpenoid hormone in spiders (Araneae) are rudimentary and equivocal. The presence of the JH or its precursors (e.g. methyl farnesoate) is not confirmed in spiders. The site of synthesis of its is still undetermined. No receptors of the JH are identified in spiders and thus, the molecular mechanism of action of this group of hormones is still unknown. Here we show by using the phylogenetic analysis and qPCR method the presence of the transcript of the enzyme catalyzing the last phase of the JH biosynthesis pathway (epox CYP15A1), the JH receptor (Met), and a possible candidate to the methyl farnesoate receptor (USP) in the various tissues and stages of ontogenesis in both sexes of spider Parasteatoda tepidariorum. Our results indicate that the juvenile hormone and/or methyl farnesoate presence is possible in the species of spider P. tepidariorum. The presence of the Ptepox CYP15A1 gene suggests that the main site of the juvenile hormone synthesis can be the integument and not the Schneider organ 2. It also seems that the juvenile hormone and/or methyl farnesoate can be hormones with biological activity due to the presence of the transcript of insect and crustacean JH/MG receptor – Met. The Ptepox CYP15A1, PtMet, and Ptusp expression are sex-, tissue-and time-specific. This study is the first report about the presence of the Ptepox CYP15A1 and PtMet transcripts in the Arachnida, which may indicate the presence of the juvenile hormone and/or methyl farnesoate in spiders. © 2021 Elsevier Inc.
2020
Babczyńska, A.; Nowak, A.; Kafel, A.; Łozowski, B.; Rost-Roszkowska, M. M.; Tarnawska, M.; Augustyniak, M.; Sawadro, M. K.; Molenda, A. E.
Autophagy: a necessary defense against extreme cadmium intoxication in a multigenerational 2D experiment Journal Article
In: Scientific Reports, vol. 10, no. 1, 2020, ISSN: 20452322, (2).
@article{2-s2.0-85097069721,
title = {Autophagy: a necessary defense against extreme cadmium intoxication in a multigenerational 2D experiment},
author = { A. Babczyńska and A. Nowak and A. Kafel and B. Łozowski and M.M. Rost-Roszkowska and M. Tarnawska and M. Augustyniak and M.K. Sawadro and A.E. Molenda},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85097069721&doi=10.1038%2fs41598-020-78316-z&partnerID=40&md5=7ec842d0f44a16b6784907a0728b2823},
doi = {10.1038/s41598-020-78316-z},
issn = {20452322},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
journal = {Scientific Reports},
volume = {10},
number = {1},
publisher = {Nature Research},
abstract = {Autophagy is a natural process that aims to eliminate malfunctioning cell parts, organelles or molecules under physiological conditions. It is also induced in response to infection, starvation or oxidative stress to provide energy in case of an energy deficit. The aim of this 2-dimensional study was to test if, and if so, how, this process depends on the concentration of cadmium in food (with Cd concentrations from 0 to 352 μg of Cd per g of food (dry weight)—D1 dimension) and the history of selection pressure (160 vs 20 generations of exposure to Cd—D2 dimension). For the study, the 5th instar larvae of a unique strain of the moth Spodoptera exigua that was selected for cadmium tolerance for 160 generations (44 μg of Cd per g of food (dry weight)), as well as 20-generation (11; 22 and 44 μg of Cd per g of food (dry weight)) and control strains, were used. Autophagy intensity was measured by means of flow cytometry and compared with life history parameters: survivability and duration of the 3rd larval stage. The highest values of autophagy markers were found in the groups exposed to the highest Cd concentration and corresponded (with a significant correlation coefficient) to an increased development duration or decreased survivorship in the respective groups. In conclusion, autophagy is probably initiated only if any other defense mechanisms, e.g., antioxidative mechanisms, are not efficient. Moreover, in individuals from pre-exposed populations, the intensity of autophagy is lower. © 2020, The Author(s).},
note = {2},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Autophagy is a natural process that aims to eliminate malfunctioning cell parts, organelles or molecules under physiological conditions. It is also induced in response to infection, starvation or oxidative stress to provide energy in case of an energy deficit. The aim of this 2-dimensional study was to test if, and if so, how, this process depends on the concentration of cadmium in food (with Cd concentrations from 0 to 352 μg of Cd per g of food (dry weight)—D1 dimension) and the history of selection pressure (160 vs 20 generations of exposure to Cd—D2 dimension). For the study, the 5th instar larvae of a unique strain of the moth Spodoptera exigua that was selected for cadmium tolerance for 160 generations (44 μg of Cd per g of food (dry weight)), as well as 20-generation (11; 22 and 44 μg of Cd per g of food (dry weight)) and control strains, were used. Autophagy intensity was measured by means of flow cytometry and compared with life history parameters: survivability and duration of the 3rd larval stage. The highest values of autophagy markers were found in the groups exposed to the highest Cd concentration and corresponded (with a significant correlation coefficient) to an increased development duration or decreased survivorship in the respective groups. In conclusion, autophagy is probably initiated only if any other defense mechanisms, e.g., antioxidative mechanisms, are not efficient. Moreover, in individuals from pre-exposed populations, the intensity of autophagy is lower. © 2020, The Author(s).
2019
Sawadro, M. K.; Bednarek, A. W.; Molenda, A. E.; Babczyńska, A.
Expression profile of genes encoding allatoregulatory neuropeptides in females of the spider Parasteatoda tepidariorum (Araneae, Theridiidae) Journal Article
In: PLoS ONE, vol. 14, no. 9, 2019, ISSN: 19326203, (2).
@article{2-s2.0-85072033202,
title = {Expression profile of genes encoding allatoregulatory neuropeptides in females of the spider Parasteatoda tepidariorum (Araneae, Theridiidae)},
author = { M.K. Sawadro and A.W. Bednarek and A.E. Molenda and A. Babczyńska},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85072033202&doi=10.1371%2fjournal.pone.0222274&partnerID=40&md5=b3459604eeb690b8b74162b989c2d9d3},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0222274},
issn = {19326203},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-01-01},
journal = {PLoS ONE},
volume = {14},
number = {9},
publisher = {Public Library of Science},
abstract = {Allatoregulatory neuropeptides are multifunctional proteins that take part in the synthesis and secretion of juvenile hormones. In insects, allatostatins are inhibitors of juvenile hormone biosynthesis in the corpora allata while allatotropins, act as stimulators. By quantitative real-time PCR, we analyzed the gene expression of allatostatin A (PtASTA), allatostatin B (PtASTB), allatostatin C (PtASTC), allatotropin (PtAT) and their receptors (PtASTA-R; PtASTB-R; PtASTC-R; PtAT-R) in various tissues in different age groups of female spiders. In the presented manuscript, the presence of allatostatin A, allatostatin C, and allatotropin are reported in females of the spider P. tepidariorum. The obtained results indicated substantial differences in gene expression levels for allatoregulatory neuropeptides and their receptors in the different tissues. Additionally, the gene expression levels also varied depending on the female age. Strong expression was observed coinciding with sexual maturation in the neuroendocrine and nervous system, and to a lower extent in the digestive tissues and ovaries. Reverse trends were observed for the expression of genes encoding the receptors of these neuropeptides. In conclusion, our study is the first hint that the site of synthesis and secretion is fulfilled by similar structures as observed in other arthropods. In addition, the results of the analysis of spider physiology give evidence that the general functions like regulation of the juvenile hormone synthesis, regulation of the digestive tract and ovaries action, control of vitellogenesis process by the neuropeptides seem to be conserved among arthropods and are the milestone to future functional studies. © 2019 Sawadro et al.},
note = {2},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Allatoregulatory neuropeptides are multifunctional proteins that take part in the synthesis and secretion of juvenile hormones. In insects, allatostatins are inhibitors of juvenile hormone biosynthesis in the corpora allata while allatotropins, act as stimulators. By quantitative real-time PCR, we analyzed the gene expression of allatostatin A (PtASTA), allatostatin B (PtASTB), allatostatin C (PtASTC), allatotropin (PtAT) and their receptors (PtASTA-R; PtASTB-R; PtASTC-R; PtAT-R) in various tissues in different age groups of female spiders. In the presented manuscript, the presence of allatostatin A, allatostatin C, and allatotropin are reported in females of the spider P. tepidariorum. The obtained results indicated substantial differences in gene expression levels for allatoregulatory neuropeptides and their receptors in the different tissues. Additionally, the gene expression levels also varied depending on the female age. Strong expression was observed coinciding with sexual maturation in the neuroendocrine and nervous system, and to a lower extent in the digestive tissues and ovaries. Reverse trends were observed for the expression of genes encoding the receptors of these neuropeptides. In conclusion, our study is the first hint that the site of synthesis and secretion is fulfilled by similar structures as observed in other arthropods. In addition, the results of the analysis of spider physiology give evidence that the general functions like regulation of the juvenile hormone synthesis, regulation of the digestive tract and ovaries action, control of vitellogenesis process by the neuropeptides seem to be conserved among arthropods and are the milestone to future functional studies. © 2019 Sawadro et al.
Bednarek, A. W.; Sawadro, M. K.; Nicewicz, Ł.; Babczyńska, A.
Vitellogenins in the spider Parasteatoda tepidariorum-expression profile and putative hormonal regulation of vitellogenesis Journal Article
In: BMC Developmental Biology, vol. 19, no. 1, 2019, ISSN: 1471213X, (10).
@article{2-s2.0-85062642179,
title = {Vitellogenins in the spider Parasteatoda tepidariorum-expression profile and putative hormonal regulation of vitellogenesis},
author = { A.W. Bednarek and M.K. Sawadro and Ł. Nicewicz and A. Babczyńska},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85062642179&doi=10.1186%2fs12861-019-0184-x&partnerID=40&md5=87a65627077632c4231adeab245b0a00},
doi = {10.1186/s12861-019-0184-x},
issn = {1471213X},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-01-01},
journal = {BMC Developmental Biology},
volume = {19},
number = {1},
publisher = {BioMed Central Ltd.},
abstract = {Background: Knowledge about vitellogenesis in spiders is rudimentary. Therefore, the aim of study was to check the vitellogenin (Vg) presence in various tissues of the female spider Parasteatoda tepidariorum, determine when and where vitellogenesis starts and takes place, and the putative role of selected hormones in the vitellogenesis. Results: Here we show two genes encoding Vg (PtVg4 and PtVg6) in the genome of the spider P. tepidariorum. One gene PtVg4 and three subunits of Vg (250 kDa; 47 kDa and 30 kDa) are expressed in the midgut glands, ovaries and hemolymph. Heterosynthesis of the Vg in the midgut glands and autosynthesis in the ovaries were observed. Vitellogenesis begins in the last nymphal stage in the midgut glands (heterosynthesis). However, after sexual maturity is reached, Vg is also synthesized in the ovaries (autosynthesis). Changes in the PtVg4 expression level and in the Vg concentration after treatment with 20-hydroxyecdysone, a juvenile hormone analog (fenoxycarb) and an antijuvenoid compound (precocene I) were observed. Therefore, we propose a hypothetical model for the hormonal regulation of vitellogenesis in P. tepidariorum. Conclusions: Our results are the first comprehensive study on spider vitellogenesis. In our opinion, this work will open discussion on the evolutionary context of possible similarities in the hormonal control of vitellogenesis between P. tepidariorum and other arthropods as well as their consequences. © 2019 The Author(s).},
note = {10},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Background: Knowledge about vitellogenesis in spiders is rudimentary. Therefore, the aim of study was to check the vitellogenin (Vg) presence in various tissues of the female spider Parasteatoda tepidariorum, determine when and where vitellogenesis starts and takes place, and the putative role of selected hormones in the vitellogenesis. Results: Here we show two genes encoding Vg (PtVg4 and PtVg6) in the genome of the spider P. tepidariorum. One gene PtVg4 and three subunits of Vg (250 kDa; 47 kDa and 30 kDa) are expressed in the midgut glands, ovaries and hemolymph. Heterosynthesis of the Vg in the midgut glands and autosynthesis in the ovaries were observed. Vitellogenesis begins in the last nymphal stage in the midgut glands (heterosynthesis). However, after sexual maturity is reached, Vg is also synthesized in the ovaries (autosynthesis). Changes in the PtVg4 expression level and in the Vg concentration after treatment with 20-hydroxyecdysone, a juvenile hormone analog (fenoxycarb) and an antijuvenoid compound (precocene I) were observed. Therefore, we propose a hypothetical model for the hormonal regulation of vitellogenesis in P. tepidariorum. Conclusions: Our results are the first comprehensive study on spider vitellogenesis. In our opinion, this work will open discussion on the evolutionary context of possible similarities in the hormonal control of vitellogenesis between P. tepidariorum and other arthropods as well as their consequences. © 2019 The Author(s).
Babczyńska, A.; Sułowicz, S.; Talik, E.; Hermyt, M.; Bednarek, A. W.; Sawadro, M. K.; Molenda, A. E.
Sterile capsule–egg cocoon covering constitutes an antibacterial barrier for spider parasteatoda tepidariorum embryos Journal Article
In: Physiological and Biochemical Zoology, vol. 92, no. 1, pp. 115-124, 2019, ISSN: 15222152, (6).
@article{2-s2.0-85059397351,
title = {Sterile capsule–egg cocoon covering constitutes an antibacterial barrier for spider parasteatoda tepidariorum embryos},
author = { A. Babczyńska and S. Sułowicz and E. Talik and M. Hermyt and A.W. Bednarek and M.K. Sawadro and A.E. Molenda},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85059397351&doi=10.1086%2f701390&partnerID=40&md5=504d488f8cd07d799193cae0ca37d632},
doi = {10.1086/701390},
issn = {15222152},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-01-01},
journal = {Physiological and Biochemical Zoology},
volume = {92},
number = {1},
pages = {115-124},
publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
abstract = {Coexistence of organisms and pathogens has resulted in the evolution of efficient antimicrobial defense, especially at the embryonic stage. This investigation aimed to substantiate the hypothesis that the layers of silk in a spider cocoon play a role in the immunity of the embryos against microorganisms present in the external environment. A two-step interdisciplinary attempt has been made. First, the eggs and empty cocoons of the spider Parasteatoda tepidariorum were incubated on lysogeny broth agar media for 3 d. In the samples of eggs, no growth of bacteria was detected. This indicated that the eggs inside cocoons were sterile. Therefore, in the second step, the cocoons and egg surface were analyzed using SEM, TEM, and LM. The obtained images demonstrated that both inner and outer layers of the silk are built of threads of the same diameter, set in an irregular manner, and randomly clustered into groups. Thethreadsintheouterlayerwerepackedmoredenselythan in the inner one. TEM analysis revealed threads of two types of fibrils and their arrangement. The resultant thread tangle of the cocoon, possibly correlated with the ultrastructure of the fibers, seems to be an example of a structure-function relationship playing a crucial ecoimmunological role in spider embryonic development. © 2018 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved.},
note = {6},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Coexistence of organisms and pathogens has resulted in the evolution of efficient antimicrobial defense, especially at the embryonic stage. This investigation aimed to substantiate the hypothesis that the layers of silk in a spider cocoon play a role in the immunity of the embryos against microorganisms present in the external environment. A two-step interdisciplinary attempt has been made. First, the eggs and empty cocoons of the spider Parasteatoda tepidariorum were incubated on lysogeny broth agar media for 3 d. In the samples of eggs, no growth of bacteria was detected. This indicated that the eggs inside cocoons were sterile. Therefore, in the second step, the cocoons and egg surface were analyzed using SEM, TEM, and LM. The obtained images demonstrated that both inner and outer layers of the silk are built of threads of the same diameter, set in an irregular manner, and randomly clustered into groups. Thethreadsintheouterlayerwerepackedmoredenselythan in the inner one. TEM analysis revealed threads of two types of fibrils and their arrangement. The resultant thread tangle of the cocoon, possibly correlated with the ultrastructure of the fibers, seems to be an example of a structure-function relationship playing a crucial ecoimmunological role in spider embryonic development. © 2018 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved.
2017
Sawadro, M. K.; Bednarek, A. W.; Babczyńska, A.
In: Invertebrate Neuroscience, vol. 17, no. 2, 2017, ISSN: 13542516, (5).
@article{2-s2.0-85017643883,
title = {The current state of knowledge on the neuroactive compounds that affect the development, mating and reproduction of spiders (Araneae) compared to insects},
author = { M.K. Sawadro and A.W. Bednarek and A. Babczyńska},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85017643883&doi=10.1007%2fs10158-017-0197-8&partnerID=40&md5=61d39a3ae8395a4cefddc90d7d6c130e},
doi = {10.1007/s10158-017-0197-8},
issn = {13542516},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
journal = {Invertebrate Neuroscience},
volume = {17},
number = {2},
publisher = {Springer Verlag},
abstract = {The neuroendocrine system of insects, including the presence of the main neuroactive compounds, and their role in ontogenesis are probably best understood of all the arthropods. Development, metamorphosis, the maturation of the gonads, vitellogenesis and egg production are regulated by hormones (juvenile hormones; ecdysteroids) and neuropeptides. However, knowledge about their presence and functions in spiders is fragmentary. In this paper, we present a summary of the current data about the juvenile hormones, ecdysteroids and neuropeptides in selected groups of arthropods, with particular emphasis on spiders. This is the first article that takes into account the occurrence, action and role of hormones and neuropeptides in spiders. In addition, the suggestions for possible ways to study these compounds in Araneomorphae spiders are unique and cannot be found in the arachnological literature. © 2017, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.},
note = {5},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The neuroendocrine system of insects, including the presence of the main neuroactive compounds, and their role in ontogenesis are probably best understood of all the arthropods. Development, metamorphosis, the maturation of the gonads, vitellogenesis and egg production are regulated by hormones (juvenile hormones; ecdysteroids) and neuropeptides. However, knowledge about their presence and functions in spiders is fragmentary. In this paper, we present a summary of the current data about the juvenile hormones, ecdysteroids and neuropeptides in selected groups of arthropods, with particular emphasis on spiders. This is the first article that takes into account the occurrence, action and role of hormones and neuropeptides in spiders. In addition, the suggestions for possible ways to study these compounds in Araneomorphae spiders are unique and cannot be found in the arachnological literature. © 2017, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
2016
Bednarek, A. W.; Sawadro, M. K.; Babczyńska, A.
Modulation of the response to stress factors of Xerolycosa nemoralis (Lycosidae) spiders living in contaminated environments Journal Article
In: Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, vol. 131, pp. 1-6, 2016, ISSN: 01476513, (9).
@article{2-s2.0-84964982084,
title = {Modulation of the response to stress factors of Xerolycosa nemoralis (Lycosidae) spiders living in contaminated environments},
author = { A.W. Bednarek and M.K. Sawadro and A. Babczyńska},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84964982084&doi=10.1016%2fj.ecoenv.2016.04.027&partnerID=40&md5=3acc5c7721a4bae4bbe19d5705cf3eba},
doi = {10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.04.027},
issn = {01476513},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety},
volume = {131},
pages = {1-6},
publisher = {Academic Press},
abstract = {The rapid development of industry has caused widespread pollution in the environment, which has a negative impact on living organisms. Spiders belong to the group of animals that can exist in these anthropogenically changed areas. This is probably due to the development of tolerance mechanisms in these organisms. The impact of long-term pollution on the development of the pre-adaptation to various stress factors in spiders is unknown. In this paper, we show that living in polluted areas affects the modulation of the response to other stress factors through changes in the Hsp70 level. We observed a positive reaction to heat shock in all of the experimental groups, which was expressed by an increase in Hsp70 synthesis compared to the control. The analysis of the protein level, which was a manifestation of the pre-adaptation, was dependent on the degree of pollution on the study sites, the sexes and the type of bioassay that was performed. Our results demonstrate the reaction of spiders living in contaminated areas to the presence of additional stressors. We anticipate our results will be another voice in the discussion on the use of Hsp70 as a stress biomarker in environmental biomonitoring. © 2016 Elsevier Inc.},
note = {9},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The rapid development of industry has caused widespread pollution in the environment, which has a negative impact on living organisms. Spiders belong to the group of animals that can exist in these anthropogenically changed areas. This is probably due to the development of tolerance mechanisms in these organisms. The impact of long-term pollution on the development of the pre-adaptation to various stress factors in spiders is unknown. In this paper, we show that living in polluted areas affects the modulation of the response to other stress factors through changes in the Hsp70 level. We observed a positive reaction to heat shock in all of the experimental groups, which was expressed by an increase in Hsp70 synthesis compared to the control. The analysis of the protein level, which was a manifestation of the pre-adaptation, was dependent on the degree of pollution on the study sites, the sexes and the type of bioassay that was performed. Our results demonstrate the reaction of spiders living in contaminated areas to the presence of additional stressors. We anticipate our results will be another voice in the discussion on the use of Hsp70 as a stress biomarker in environmental biomonitoring. © 2016 Elsevier Inc.