@article{2-s2.0-85147953337,

title = {Comparison of Three Methods for Distinguishing Glacier Zones Using Satellite SAR Data},

author = { B. Barzycka and M. Grabiec and J.A. Jania and M. Błaszczyk and F. Pálsson and M. Laska and D. Ignatiuk and G.T. Aðalgeirsdóttir},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85147953337&doi=10.3390%2frs15030690&partnerID=40&md5=46905b190033ecb0b5adfdc1b88c422e},

doi = {10.3390/rs15030690},

issn = {20724292},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Remote Sensing},

volume = {15},

number = {3},

publisher = {MDPI},

abstract = {Changes in glacier zones (e.g.; firn; superimposed ice; ice) are good indicators of glacier response to climate change. There are few studies of glacier zone detection by SAR that are focused on more than one ice body and validated by terrestrial data. This study is unique in terms of the dataset collected—four C- and L-band quad-pol satellite SAR images, Ground Penetrating Radar data, shallow glacier cores—and the number of land ice bodies analyzed, namely, three tidewater glaciers in Svalbard and one ice cap in Iceland. The main aim is to assess how well popular methods of SAR analysis perform in distinguishing glacier zones, regardless of factors such as the morphologic differences of the ice bodies, or differences in SAR data. We test and validate three methods of glacier zone detection: (1) Gaussian Mixture Model–Expectation Maximization (GMM-EM) clustering of dual-pol backscattering coefficient (sigma0); (2) GMM-EM of quad-pol Pauli decomposition; and (3) quad-pol H/α Wishart segmentation. The main findings are that the unsupervised classification of both sigma0 and Pauli decomposition are promising methods for distinguishing glacier zones. The former performs better at detecting the firn zone on SAR images, and the latter in the superimposed ice zone. Additionally, C-band SAR data perform better than L-band at detecting firn, but the latter can potentially separate crevasses via the classification of sigma0 or Pauli decomposition. H/α Wishart segmentation resulted in inconsistent results across the tested cases and did not detect crevasses on L-band SAR data. © 2023 by the authors.},

note = {1},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85173433313,

title = {Seasonal changes in submarine melting mechanisms controlling frontal ablation of Hansbreen, Svalbard},

author = { M. Ciepły and D. Ignatiuk and M. Moskalik and J.A. Jania and B. Luks and O. Glowacki and K. Wojtysiak},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85173433313&doi=10.1017%2fjog.2023.69&partnerID=40&md5=289810dbd35485e0d4e3e63b90844f87},

doi = {10.1017/jog.2023.69},

issn = {00221430},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Glaciology},

publisher = {Cambridge University Press},

abstract = {We describe the annual pattern of frontal ablation driven by submarine melting mechanisms at the Hansbreen terminus: these are reflected in the intensity and spatial distribution of calving events. Analysis of time-lapse images of the Hansbreen front in conjunction with oceanographic and meteorological data shows that calving intensity is driven primarily by seawater temperature. Regression analysis also highlights the importance of air temperature, which we take to be a proxy for surface ablation and subglacial discharge. This, combined with seasonal changes in ice cliff tortuosity and the increasing significance of wave motion outside the ablation season, enabled us to determine seasonal changes in the mechanisms of ice cliff undercutting by submarine melting. While submarine melting controlled by estuarine circulation primarily drives frontal ablation in summer, wave-driven melting at the waterline is more important outside the ablation season. During winter, ice cliff undercutting by melting is suspended by low seawater temperature, negligible subglacial water discharge and sea-ice cover. The most intense frontal ablation, recorded in summer, was related to higher sea temperature and vigorous estuarine circulation. Copyright © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The International Glaciological Society.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85165607642,

title = {Energy mass balance and temperature-index melt modelling of Werenskioldbreen, Svalbard},

author = { D. Ignatiuk},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85165607642&doi=10.24425%2fppr.2022.143314&partnerID=40&md5=2571475a02886e0be6170d9712cb04fe},

doi = {10.24425/ppr.2022.143314},

issn = {01380338},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Polish Polar Research},

volume = {44},

number = {2},

pages = {127-152},

publisher = {Polska Akademia Nauk},

abstract = {Studying the reaction of glaciers to climate warming and the interactions of ice masses with the atmosphere is cognitively highly significant and contributes to understanding the climate change. The results from the modelling of glacier surface ablation by the temperature-index and energy balance models as well as the results of meteorological and glaciological studies on Werenskioldbreen (south Spitsbergen; Svalbard) in 2011 have been analysed to improve the understanding of the glacier system's functioning in the High Arctic. The energy balance modelling results showed that the radiation balance (58%) and sensible heat (42%) are the main factors influencing surface ablation on the glacier. The energy balance model offers a better fit to the measured ablation than the temperature-index model. These models have to be validated and calibrated with data from automatic weather stations, which provide the relevant gradient and calibration and validation. Presented models are highly suited for calculating ablation in Svalbard and other areas of the Arctic. © 2023. Dariusz Ignatiuk.},

note = {1},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85165555925,

title = {Climate indices of environmental change in the High Arctic: Study from Hornsund, SW Spitsbergen, 1979-2019},

author = { K. Migała and E. Łepkowska and M. Osuch and Ł. Stachnik and T. Wawrzyniak and D. Ignatiuk and P. Owczarek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85165555925&doi=10.24425%2fppr.2022.143316&partnerID=40&md5=f2f6f03fd951811321715c932ceb93a4},

doi = {10.24425/ppr.2022.143316},

issn = {01380338},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Polish Polar Research},

volume = {44},

number = {2},

pages = {91-126},

publisher = {Polska Akademia Nauk},

abstract = {An analysis of a suite of climatological indices was undertaken on the basis of long-term (1979-2019) climatological data from the Polish Polar Station in Hornsund, SW Spitsbergen. It was followed by an attempt to assess the scale of their impact on the local environment. The temperature and precipitation indices were based on percentiles of the variables calculated for a population of daily values from the climate normals for 1981- 2010. A greater share of both cyclonic and anticyclonic circulations from the S and SW sectors, forcing the advection of warm air masses from the south, was decisive for the trends of change in comparison with the long-term mean. Both extreme precipitation and drought events depend on the 500 hPa geopotential height and precipitable water anomalies, determined by the baric field over the North Atlantic. Climate changes impact on the dynamics of local geoecosystems by causing faster glacier ablation and retreat, permafrost degradation, intensification of the hydrological cycle in glaciated and unglaciated catchments, and changes in the condition and growth of tundra vegetation. © 2023. Krzysztof Migała, Elzbieta Łepkowska, Marzena Osuch, Łukasz Stachnik, Tomasz Wawrzyniak, Dariusz Ignatiuk and Piotr Owczarek.},

note = {1},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85145882623,

title = {Changes in the Structure of the Snow Cover of Hansbreen (S Spitsbergen) Derived from Repeated High-Frequency Radio-Echo Sounding},

author = { K. Kachniarz and M. Grabiec and D. Ignatiuk and M. Laska and B. Luks},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85145882623&doi=10.3390%2frs15010189&partnerID=40&md5=17344ba50cc2bab015206bb862299a75},

doi = {10.3390/rs15010189},

issn = {20724292},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Remote Sensing},

volume = {15},

number = {1},

publisher = {MDPI},

abstract = {This paper explores the potential of ground-penetrating radar (GPR) monitoring for an advanced understanding of snow cover processes and structure. For this purpose, the study uses the Hansbreen (SW Spitsbergen) records that are among the longest and the most comprehensive snow-cover GPR monitoring records available on Svalbard. While snow depth (HS) is frequently the only feature derived from high-frequency radio-echo sounding (RES), this study also offers an analysis of the physical characteristics (grain shape; size; hardness; and density) of the snow cover structure. We demonstrate that, based on GPR data (800 MHz) and a single snow pit, it is possible to extrapolate the detailed features of snow cover to the accumulation area. Field studies (snow pits and RES) were conducted at the end of selected accumulation seasons in the period 2008–2019, under dry snow conditions and HS close to the maximum. The paper shows that although the snow cover structure varies in space and from season to season, a single snow pit site can represent the entire center line of the accumulation zone. Numerous hard layers (HLs) (up to 30% of the snow column) were observed that reflect progressive climate change, but there is no trend in quantity, thickness, or percentage contribution in total snow depth in the study period. HLs with strong crystal bonds create a “framework” in the snowpack, which reduces compaction and, consequently, the ice formation layers slow down the rate of snowpack metamorphosis. The extrapolation of snow pit data through radar profiling is a novel solution that can improve spatial recognition of snow cover characteristics and the accuracy of calculation of snow water equivalent (SWE). © 2022 by the authors.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85141913178,

title = {Quantification of class 1 integrons and characterization of the associated gene cassettes in the high Arctic – Interplay of humans and glaciers in shaping the aquatic resistome},

author = { N. Makowska-Zawierucha and J. Mokracka and M. Małecka and P. Balazy and M. Chełchowski and D. Ignatiuk and K. Zawierucha},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85141913178&doi=10.1016%2fj.ecolind.2022.109633&partnerID=40&md5=fe040c190daf37ab0da8fb775303dcd4},

doi = {10.1016/j.ecolind.2022.109633},

issn = {1470160X},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Ecological Indicators},

volume = {145},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {The Arctic is one of the regions most affected by global climate change, and is subjected to changes linked with a melting cryosphere and increasing anthropopressure. Although antibiotic resistance is a global problem, the diversity and spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB), antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and integrons in the Arctic are strongly understudied. Therefore, the main aims of this study are the (1) determination of the type and frequency of integron-integrase genes and characterization of incorporated gene cassettes in the genomes of culturable bacteria and (2) quantitative analysis of class 1 integron-integrase gene and human mitochondrial DNA (Hmt-DNA) in the metagenome as markers of anthropogenic impact on the high Arctic environments of the Svalbard Archipelago. Samples of ice, water and sediments were collected in the most populated area of Svalbard, Longyearbyen and its vicinity. Sampling was conducted along an environmental gradient with varying levels of human activity. The environmental gradient started from glaciers, following the proglacial river, the seashore, and the fjord bottom water, including untreated wastewater outflow to the sea. Class 1 integrons were detected in ARB isolated from glacial environments, freshwater and seawater, including wastewater outflow. Moreover, in the variable regions of integrons, genes determining different functions, including antibiotic resistance, virulence and physiological traits were found. These genes play crucial roles in the adaptation of bacteria to cold and dynamic environments. The relative abundance of intI1 genes were reported in metagenomes with different relationships to human activity (ice cores vs wastewater outflow), with the highest mean values observed in the wastewater outflow, and was positively correlated with abundance of the Hmt gene, revealing both natural and human roles in shaping the polar aquatic resistome. © 2022 The Author(s)},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85130244205,

title = {A decade of glaciological and meteorological observations in the Arctic (Werenskioldbreen, Svalbard)},

author = { D. Ignatiuk and M. Błaszczyk and T. Budzik and M. Grabiec and J.A. Jania and M. Kondracka and M. Laska and Ł. Małarzewski and Ł. Stachnik},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85130244205&doi=10.5194%2fessd-14-2487-2022&partnerID=40&md5=8056e47ce7607db329b08a2602f71612},

doi = {10.5194/essd-14-2487-2022},

issn = {18663508},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Earth System Science Data},

volume = {14},

number = {5},

pages = {2487-2500},

publisher = {Copernicus Publications},

abstract = {The warming of the Arctic climate is well documented, but the mechanisms of Arctic amplification are still not fully understood. Thus, monitoring of glaciological and meteorological variables and the environmental response to accelerated climate warming must be continued and developed in Svalbard. Long-term meteorological observations carried out in situ on glaciers in conjunction with glaciological monitoring are rare in the Arctic and significantly expand our knowledge about processes in the polar environment. This study presents glaciological and meteorological data collected for 2009-2020 in southern Spitsbergen (Werenskioldbreen). The meteorological data are composed of air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, short-wave and long-wave upwelling and downwelling radiation on 10gmin, hourly and daily resolution (2009-2020). The snow dataset includes 49 data records from 2009 to 2019 with the snow depth, snow bulk density and snow water equivalent data. The glaciological data consist of seasonal and annual surface mass balance measurements (point and glacier-wide) for 2009-2020. The paper also includes modelling of the daily glacier surface ablation (2009-2020) based on the presented data. The datasets are expected to serve as local forcing data in hydrological and glaciological models as well as validation of calibration of remote sensing products. The datasets are available from the Polish Polar Database (https://ppdb.us.edu.pl/; last access: 24 May 2022) and Zenodo (10.5281/zenodo.6528321; Ignatiuk; 2021a; 10.5281/zenodo.5792168; Ignatiuk; 2021b). © 2022 EDP Sciences. All rights reserved.},

note = {6},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85130215194,

title = {Hydrogeological Model of the Forefield Drainage System of Werenskioldbreen, Svalbard},

author = { K. Stachniak and S.S. Sitek and D. Ignatiuk and J.A. Jania},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85130215194&doi=10.3390%2fw14091514&partnerID=40&md5=89e806fc545c2eaed1e13fa1228643f2},

doi = {10.3390/w14091514},

issn = {20734441},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Water (Switzerland)},

volume = {14},

number = {9},

publisher = {MDPI},

abstract = {The significant recession of Arctic glaciers caused by climate warming is expanding their proglacial zones. Thus, their importance for the hydrology of glacierised basins is growing. In contrast to the surface waters in such areas, the role of groundwater in the hydrological balance of Svalbard catchments is poorly known. This paper presents the hydrogeological conditions and groundwater flow within the permafrost active layer in the forefield of the Werenskioldbreen glacier basin (44.1 km2), 61% of which is glacierised. Based on field studies of groundwater in the 2017 ablation season and laboratory analyses of the hydrogeological properties of proglacial sediments, a three-dimensional groundwater flow model (FEFLOW) for part of the glacier forefield (4.8 km2) was developed. The main results show the components and characteristics of the groundwater balance and indicate the preferential groundwater flow paths. The volume of water retained in the sediments of the marginal zone is 1.0073 mln m3. The maximum potential free pore space that could be filled by water is 2.0689 mln m3. The calculated groundwater discharge for average conditions is 6076.9 m3 d−1, which is about 2% of the total seasonal catchment runoff from the main glacial river. The results of the spatial analysis for the groundwater depth and the groundwater flow directions are also presented. There need to be further detailed studies of hydrogeological processes in glacial basins in Svalbard in order to develop existing knowledge. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.},

note = {2},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85117815352,

title = {Cryoconite – From minerals and organic matter to bioengineered sediments on glacier's surfaces},

author = { P. Rozwalak and P. Podkowa and J. Buda and P. Niedzielski and S. Kawecki and R. Ambrosini and R.S. Azzoni and G. Baccolo and J.L. Ceballos and J. Cook and B. Di Mauro and G.F. Ficetola and A. Franzetti and D. Ignatiuk and P. Klimaszyk and E. Łokas and M. Ono and I. Parnikoza and M. Pietryka and F. Pittino and E. Poniecka and D.L. Porazinska and D. Richter and S.K. Schmidt and P. Sommers and J. Souza-Kasprzyk and M. Stibal and W. Szczuciński and J. Uetake and Ł. Wejnerowski and J.C. Yde and N. Takeuchi and K. Zawierucha},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85117815352&doi=10.1016%2fj.scitotenv.2021.150874&partnerID=40&md5=1debde138f67ad9a760e1d2f7e767131},

doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150874},

issn = {00489697},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Science of the Total Environment},

volume = {807},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {Cryoconite is a mixture of mineral and organic material covering glacial ice, playing important roles in biogeochemical cycles and lowering the albedo of a glacier surface. Understanding the differences in structure of cryoconite across the globe can be important in recognizing past and future changes in supraglacial environments and ice-organisms-minerals interactions. Despite the worldwide distribution and over a century of studies, the basic characteristics of cryoconite, including its forms and geochemistry, remain poorly studied. The major purpose of our study is the presentation and description of morphological diversity, chemical and photoautotrophs composition, and organic matter content of cryoconite sampled from 33 polar and mountain glaciers around the globe. Observations revealed that cryoconite is represented by various morphologies including loose and granular forms. Granular cryoconite includes smooth, rounded, or irregularly shaped forms; with some having their surfaces covered by cyanobacteria filaments. The occurrence of granules increased with the organic matter content in cryoconite. Moreover, a major driver of cryoconite colouring was the concentration of organic matter and its interplay with minerals. The structure of cyanobacteria and algae communities in cryoconite differs between glaciers, but representatives of cyanobacteria families Pseudanabaenaceae and Phormidiaceae, and algae families Mesotaeniaceae and Ulotrichaceae were the most common. The most of detected cyanobacterial taxa are known to produce polymeric substances (EPS) that may cement granules. Organic matter content in cryoconite varied between glaciers, ranging from 1% to 38%. The geochemistry of all the investigated samples reflected local sediment sources, except of highly concentrated Pb and Hg in cryoconite collected from European glaciers near industrialized regions, corroborating cryoconite as element-specific collector and potential environmental indicator of anthropogenic activity. Our work supports a notion that cryoconite may be more than just simple sediment and instead exhibits complex structure with relevance for biodiversity and the functioning of glacial ecosystems. © 2021 The Authors},

note = {18},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85107836252,

title = {Detection of land degradation caused by historical Zn-Pb mining using electrical resistivity tomography},

author = { M. Kondracka and J. Cabała and A.F. Idziak and D. Ignatiuk and A. Bielicka-Giełdoń and I. Stan-Kłeczek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85107836252&doi=10.1002%2fldr.4005&partnerID=40&md5=222cac73749bcae20557b248d388b834},

doi = {10.1002/ldr.4005},

issn = {10853278},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Land Degradation and Development},

volume = {32},

number = {11},

pages = {3296-3314},

publisher = {John Wiley and Sons Ltd},

abstract = {Soil contamination with trace elements in mining areas still remains an urgent research problem due to their negative environmental impact that needs to be assessed. Despite the wide application of the electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) method to different environmental problems, it continually remains methodologically challenging in soil contamination near waste dumps of post-metal historical mining. The aims of our study were: (1) to validate ERT measurements for detecting soil contamination by trace elements in the vicinity of a waste dump containing post-processing spoil from Zn-Pb ore smelting, (2) to determine the extent of soil contamination, and (3) to analyze the mineralogical, physical, and chemical properties of the soils affected. ERT enabled us to study the variability of electrical properties of soils, to locate the area of contamination, and to evaluate its spatial diversity in both. The impact of soil pollution is reflected on ERT cross-sections in the form of electrical resistivities that decrease with increasing depth and distance from the waste dump. The respective maximum contents of Zn, Pb and Cd in the soils were 28,903, 12,407, and 136 mg kg−1. The total concentration of trace elements in soils was the highest down to a depth of 0.25 m and decreased in the order: Zn > Pb > Cu > Cd > Tl > As > Cr > Ni. The electrical resistivities of the soil samples were negatively correlated with the silty and clayey fraction content (−0.78), specific electrical conductivity (−0.75), total trace element content (−0.67), organic matter content (−0.57), and gravimetric water content (−0.53). The results also indicate that the electrical properties of the topsoil depend directly on the type of mineral components. Hydrated iron sulphates, lead sulphates, water-bound in aluminosilicates, Fe oxides/hydroxides, and hydrated Fe, Zn, and Pb sulphates present in the soil all decrease its electrical resistivity. Our results show the impact of the mineralogical, physical, and chemical properties of the soils on the measured electrical resistivity and that including this information in the interpretation of ERT results enables non-invasive detailed determination of soil contamination by trace elements. © 2021 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85101816647,

title = {Evaluation of geophysical methods for characterizing industrial and municipal waste dumps},

author = { M. Kondracka and I. Stan-Kłeczek and S.S. Sitek and D. Ignatiuk},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85101816647&doi=10.1016%2fj.wasman.2021.02.015&partnerID=40&md5=89f0befd711ec0c1bbdbf464263ec432},

doi = {10.1016/j.wasman.2021.02.015},

issn = {0956053X},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Waste Management},

volume = {125},

pages = {27-39},

publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},

abstract = {The main aim of this study was to assess the suitability of geophysical methods for investigating old waste dumps. Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT), Seismic Refraction Tomography (SRT), Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves (MASW) and Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) were the techniques used to characterize a waste dump in the town of Dąbrowa Górnicza (S Poland). GPR and SRT were the most difficult methods to use because of the dense vegetation, which attenuated the passage of electromagnetic and seismic waves to the ground. However, GPR did turn out to be an appropriate tool for characterizing variations in the surface cover. ERT, SRT and MASW clearly highlighted the transition between the waste deposit and the host sediments, and determined the approximate thickness of the waste deposits. With MASW, however, the waste type and the boundary between the waste layer and surface cover could not be delineated. In some places, the surface cover was identified using SRT. With both these methods, the problem with identification may be due to the small contrast in the S- and P-wave velocities through two kinds of waste (municipal and industrial), the thinness of the waste layer, and the considerable differentiation of the surface cover. The most accurate results regarding the waste deposits were obtained using ERT and different electrode spacings. ERT pinpointed the exact location of the stored waste, distinguished between the types of waste, and identified the soil cover. Data from shallow boreholes confirmed the interpretations of the methods. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd},

note = {5},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85101556111,

title = {Factors Controlling Terminus Position of Hansbreen, a Tidewater Glacier in Svalbard},

author = { M. Błaszczyk and J.A. Jania and M. Ciepły and M. Grabiec and D. Ignatiuk and L. Kolondra and A. Kruss and B. Luks and M. Moskalik and T. Pastusiak and A. Strzelewicz and W. Walczowski and T. Wawrzyniak},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85101556111&doi=10.1029%2f2020JF005763&partnerID=40&md5=1ef236ce438063f6bcd65406aff0dd64},

doi = {10.1029/2020JF005763},

issn = {21699003},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface},

volume = {126},

number = {2},

publisher = {Blackwell Publishing Ltd},

abstract = {The mechanism of glacier recession and its climatic controls are complex processes that differ across the Arctic region. Here, we investigate factors influencing front variations of Hansbreen, a glacier terminated in Hornsund fjord (SW Svalbard). We apply remote sensing data to observe glacier front fluctuations between 1992 and 2015 and compare them to atmospheric and oceanographic data, sea water depth at the terminus and surface velocity. Rate of subglacial meltwater discharge approximated by the seasonal positive degree-day index (PDD) together with sea thermal conditions appear to be the main factors responsible for the fluctuations of the front of Hansbreen, while water depth at the front plays a secondary role. Taking into account ocean and air thermal conditions, the studied period has been divided into warm, cold and moderate years. The glacier retreated considerably throughout a bedrock overdeepening in the very warm period 2012–2014. This recession coincided with a slower ice flow due to intense subglacial runoff and increased submarine melting. The long-term retreat was interrupted by glacier advances in colder years, regardless of water depth at the front. The slower recession rate was the combined effect of decreased subglacial melting and increased glacier movement associated with lower subglacial runoff. Although the seasonal PDD is a good indicator of the front fluctuations, the duration of the retreat and advance periods are strongly correlated with the sea surface temperature. Expected climate warming and an increase of water temperature in the West Spitsbergen Current will stimulate further recession of Hansbreen in future. © 2020. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.},

note = {8},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85101256210,

title = {Sios’s earth observation (Eo), remote sensing (rs), and operational activities in response to covid-19},

author = { S.D. Jawak and B.N. Andersen and V.A. Pohjola and Ø. Godøy and C. Hübner and I. Jennings and D. Ignatiuk and K. Holmén and A. Sivertsen and R. Hann and H. Tømmervik and A.M. Kääb and M. Błaszczyk and R. Salzano and B. Luks and K.A. Høgda and R. Storvold and L. Nilsen and R. Salvatori and K.P. Krishnan and S. Chatterjee and D.A. Lorentzen and R. Erlandsson and T.R. Lauknes and E. Malnes and S.R. Karlsen and H. Enomoto and A.M. Fjæraa and J. Zhang and S. Marty and K.O. Nygård and H. Lihavainen},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85101256210&doi=10.3390%2frs13040712&partnerID=40&md5=086e0da1b1b2ae4a371d4588a765d206},

doi = {10.3390/rs13040712},

issn = {20724292},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Remote Sensing},

volume = {13},

number = {4},

pages = {1-31},

publisher = {MDPI AG},

abstract = {Svalbard Integrated Arctic Earth Observing System (SIOS) is an international partner-ship of research institutions studying the environment and climate in and around Svalbard. SIOS is developing an efficient observing system, where researchers share technology, experience, and data, work together to close knowledge gaps, and decrease the environmental footprint of science. SIOS maintains and facilitates various scientific activities such as the State of the Environmental Science in Svalbard (SESS) report, international access to research infrastructure in Svalbard, Earth observation and remote sensing services, training courses for the Arctic science community, and open access to data. This perspective paper highlights the activities of SIOS Knowledge Centre, the central hub of SIOS, and the SIOS Remote Sensing Working Group (RSWG) in response to the unprecedented situation imposed by the global pandemic corona-virus (SARS-CoV-2) disease 2019 (COVID-19). The pandemic has affected Svalbard research in several ways. When Norway declared a nationwide lockdown to decrease the rate of spread of the COVID-19 in the community, even more strict measures were taken to protect the Svalbard community from the potential spread of the disease. Due to the lockdown, travel restrictions, and quarantine regulations declared by many nations, most physical meetings, training courses, conferences, and workshops worldwide were cancelled by the first week of March 2020. The resumption of physical scientific meetings is still uncertain in the foreseeable future. Addition-ally, field campaigns to polar regions, including Svalbard, were and remain severely affected. In response to this changing situation, SIOS initiated several operational activities suitable to miti-gate the new challenges resulting from the pandemic. This article provides an extensive overview of SIOS’s Earth observation (EO), remote sensing (RS) and other operational activities strengthened and developed in response to COVID-19 to support the Svalbard scientific community in times of cancelled/postponed field campaigns in Svalbard. These include (1) an initi-ative to patch up field data (in situ) with RS observations, (2) a logistics sharing notice board for effective coordinating field activities in the pandemic times, (3) a monthly webinar series and panel discussion on EO talks, (4) an online conference on EO and RS, (5) the SIOS’s special issue in the Remote Sensing (MDPI) journal, (6) the conversion of a terrestrial remote sensing training course into an online edition, and (7) the announcement of opportunity (AO) in airborne remote sensing for filling the data gaps using aerial imagery and hyperspectral data. As SIOS is a con-sortium of 24 research institutions from 9 nations, this paper also presents an extensive overview of the activities from a few research institutes in pandemic times and highlights our upcoming activities for the next year 2021. Finally, we provide a critical perspective on our overall response, possible broader impacts, relevance to other observing systems, and future directions. We hope that our practical services, experiences, and activities implemented in these difficult times will motivate other similar monitoring programs and observing systems when responding to future challenging situations. With a broad scientific audience in mind, we present our perspective paper on activities in Svalbard as a case study. © 2021 by the authors. Li-censee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.},

note = {5},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85091253817,

title = {Changes of glacier facies on Hornsund glaciers (Svalbard) during the decade 2007–2017},

author = { B. Barzycka and M. Grabiec and M. Błaszczyk and D. Ignatiuk and M. Laska and J.O.M. Hagen and J.A. Jania},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85091253817&doi=10.1016%2fj.rse.2020.112060&partnerID=40&md5=b5780b8e8884ddd39b23acc4e892b50e},

doi = {10.1016/j.rse.2020.112060},

issn = {00344257},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Remote Sensing of Environment},

volume = {251},

publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},

abstract = {Changes in glacier facies (glacier zones), such as firn or superimposed ice (SI), are good indicators of glacier response to climate change. They are especially important for fast-warming Svalbard, where only a few glaciers are under glaciological mass balance monitoring. This paper presents a first study of changes of glacier facies extent for three tidewater glaciers located in southern Spitsbergen (Svalbard) and it is based on both satellite remote sensing and terrestrial data analysis, covering two time spans: 2007–2017 for Hansbreen and 2012–2017 for Storbreen and Hornbreen. Satellite remote sensing analysis include unsupervised classification of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data from both decommissioned (ENVISAT ASAR) and modern satellite missions (RADARSAT-2; Sentinel-1). The results of the SAR classification are compared to the information on glacier zones retrieved from terrestrial data, i.e. shallow cores and visual interpretation of 800 MHz Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) profiles. In addition, a novel application of the Internal Reflection Power (IRP) coefficient as an objective method of distinguishing glacier zones based on GPR data is discussed. Changes in glacier facies areas over time are analysed, as well as their correlation to Hansbreen's mass balance. The main finding of the study is that firn and SI of Hansbreen, Storbreen and Hornbreen significantly decreased over the study period. For example, due to continuous negative mass balance between 2010 and 2017, the contribution of firn area to Hansbreen's total area decreased ca. 14% (cumulative firn area loss during that time: ~45%) whereas since 2012 SI has not been distinguished as a vast area on this glacier. In addition, an east–west gradient of firn area loss was observed as a result of differences in local climate conditions. Therefore, for the common time span (i.e. 2012–2017) Hansbreen recorded a ca. 12% loss of firn contribution to glacier area whereas Hornbreen recorded ca. 9%. Finally, application of the IRP coefficient as an objective method of glacier zones discrimination by GPR data gave very good results, so the method is recommended for future analysis of glacier zones instead, or as a support, to popular visual interpretation of the GPR profiles. © 2020 Elsevier Inc.},

note = {5},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85081964757,

title = {Microbial communities from subglacial water of naled ice bodies in the forefield of Werenskioldbreen, Svalbard},

author = { S. Sułowicz and K. Bondarczuk and D. Ignatiuk and J.A. Jania and Z. Piotrowska-Seget},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85081964757&doi=10.1016%2fj.scitotenv.2020.138025&partnerID=40&md5=05556fab5373c731310fc10a0763a5d6},

doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138025},

issn = {00489697},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Science of the Total Environment},

volume = {723},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {We assessed the structure of microbial communities in the subglacial drainage system of the Werenskioldbreen glacier, Svalbard, which consists of three independent channels. Dome-shaped naled ice bodies that had been forming and releasing subglacial water in the glacial forefield during accumulations season were used to study glacial microbiome. We tested the hypothesis that the properties of the water transported by these channels are site-dependent and influence bacterial diversity. We therefore established the phylogenetic structure of the subglacial microbial communities using next generation sequencing (NGS) of the 16S rRNA gene and performed bioinformatics analyses. A total of 1409 OTUs (operational taxonomic units) belonged to 40 phyla; mostly Proteobacteria, Gracilibacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria and Parcubacteria were identified. Sites located on the edge of Werenskioldbreen forefield (Angell; Kvisla) were mainly dominated by Betaproteobacteria. In the central site (Dusan) domination of Epsilonproteobacteria class was observed. Gracilibacteria (GN02) and Gammaproteobacteria represented the dominant taxa only in the sample Kvisla 2. Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) of beta diversity revealed that phylogenetic profiles grouped in three different clusters according to the sampling site. Moreover, higher similarity of bacterial communities from Angell and Kvisla compared to Dusan was confirmed by cluster analysis and Venn diagrams. The highest alpha index values was measured in Dusan. Richness and phylogenetic diversity indices were significantly (p < .05) and positively correlated with pH values of subglacial water and negatively with concentration of Cl−, Br−, and NO3 − anions. These anions negatively impacted the values of richness indices but positively correlated with abundance of some microbial phyla. Our results indicated that subglacial water from naled ice bodies offer the possibility to study the glacial microbiome. In the studied subglacial water, the microbial community structure was sampling site specific and dependent on the water properties, which in turn were probably influenced by the local bedrock composition. © 2018},

note = {12},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85065706353,

title = {Quality assessment and glaciological applications of digital elevation models derived from space-borne and aerial images over two tidewater glaciers of southern spitsbergen},

author = { M. Błaszczyk and D. Ignatiuk and M. Grabiec and L. Kolondra and M. Laska and L. Decaux and J.A. Jania and E. Berthier and B. Luks and B. Barzycka and M. Czapla},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85065706353&doi=10.3390%2frs11091121&partnerID=40&md5=626b9c5b2afcde929d4332920b85ce35},

doi = {10.3390/rs11091121},

issn = {20724292},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Remote Sensing},

volume = {11},

number = {9},

publisher = {MDPI AG},

abstract = {In this study, we assess the accuracy and precision of digital elevation models (DEM) retrieved from aerial photographs taken in 2011 and from Very High Resolution satellite images (WorldView-2 and Pléiades) from the period 2012-2017. Additionally, the accuracy of the freely available Strip product of ArcticDEM was verified. We use the DEMs to characterize geometry changes over Hansbreen and Hornbreen, two tidewater glaciers in southern Spitsbergen, Svalbard. The satellite-based DEMs from WorldView-2 and Pléiades stereo pairs were processed using the Rational Function Model (RFM) without and with one ground control point. The elevation quality of the DEMs over glacierized areas was validated with in situ data: static differential GPS survey of mass balance stakes and GPS kinematic data acquired during ground penetrating radar survey. Results demonstrate the usefulness of the analyzed sources of DEMs for estimation of the total geodetic mass balance of the Svalbard glaciers. DEM accuracy is sufficient to investigate glacier surface elevation changes above 1 m. Strips from the ArcticDEM are generally precise, but some of them showed gross errors and need to be handled with caution. The surface of Hansbreen and Hornbreen has been lowering in recent years. The average annual elevation changes for Hansbreen were more negative in the period 2015-2017 (-2.4 m a-1) than in the period 2011-2015 (-1.7 m a-1). The average annual elevation changes over the studied area of Hornbreen for the period 2012-2017 amounted to -1.6 m a-1. The geodetic mass balance for Hansbreen was more negative than the climatic mass balance estimated using the mass budget method, probably due to underestimation of the ice discharge. From 2011 to 2017, Hansbreen lost on average over 1% of its volume each year. Such a high rate of relative loss illustrates how fast these glaciers are responding to climate change. © 2019 by the authors.},

note = {22},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85062637380,

title = {Role of discrete water recharge from supraglacial drainage systems in modeling patterns of subglacial conduits in Svalbard glaciers},

author = { L. Decaux and M. Grabiec and D. Ignatiuk and J.A. Jania},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85062637380&doi=10.5194%2ftc-13-735-2019&partnerID=40&md5=68346ba9038705ecf26e26722e064c1f},

doi = {10.5194/tc-13-735-2019},

issn = {19940416},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Cryosphere},

volume = {13},

number = {3},

pages = {735-752},

publisher = {Copernicus GmbH},

abstract = {As the behavior of subglacial water plays a determining role in glacier dynamics, it requires particular attention, especially in the context of climate warming, which is increasing ablation and generating greater amounts of meltwater. On many glaciers, water flowing from the glacier's surface is the main source of supply to the subglacial drainage system. This system is largely influenced by the supraglacial drainage system, which collects meltwater and precipitation and rapidly delivers it to discrete points in the glacier bed via moulins and crevassed areas, called water input areas (WIAs). Models of patterns of subglacial conduits mainly based on the hydrological potential gradient are still regularly performed without taking into account the supraglacial drainage system. We modeled the pattern of subglacial channels in two glaciers located in Svalbard, the land-terminating Werenskioldbreen and the tidewater Hansbreen during the 2015 melt season. We modeled a spatial and a discrete water recharge in order to compare them. First, supraglacial catchments were determined for each WIA on a high-resolution digital elevation model using the standard watershed modeling tool in ArcGIS. Then, interpolated water runoff was calculated for all the main WIAs. Our model also accounts for several water pressure conditions. For our two studied glaciers, during the ablation season 2015, 72.5 % of total runoff was provided by meltwater and 27.5 % by precipitation. Changes in supraglacial drainage on a decadal timescale are observed in contrast to its nearly stable state on an annual timescale. Nevertheless, due to the specific nature of those changes, it seems to have a low impact on the subglacial system. Therefore, our models of subglacial channel are assumed to be valid for a minimum period of two decades and depend on changes in the supraglacial drainage system. Results showed that, for Svalbard tidewater glaciers with large crevassed areas, models of subglacial channels that assume spatial water recharge may be somewhat imprecise but are far from being completely incorrect, especially for the ablation zone. On the other hand, it is important to take discrete water recharge into account in the case of land-terminating Svalbard glaciers with limited crevassed areas. In all cases, considering a discrete water recharge when modeling patterns of theoretical subglacial channels seems to produce more realistic results according to current knowledge. © Author(s) 2019.},

note = {12},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85061674896,

title = {The role of winter rain in the glacial system on Svalbard},

author = { E.B. Łupikasza and D. Ignatiuk and M. Grabiec and K. Cielecka-Nowak and M. Laska and J.A. Jania and B. Luks and A. Uszczyk and T. Budzik},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85061674896&doi=10.3390%2fw11020334&partnerID=40&md5=d7e66db094c7e1118a1ffe687c120fdc},

doi = {10.3390/w11020334},

issn = {20734441},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Water (Switzerland)},

volume = {11},

number = {2},

publisher = {MDPI AG},

abstract = {Rapid Arctic warming results in increased winter rain frequencies, which may impact glacial systems. In this paper, we discuss climatology and precipitation form trends, followed by examining the influence of winter rainfall (Oct-May) on both the mass balance and dynamics of Hansbreen (Svalbard). We used data from the Hornsund meteorological station (01003 WMO), in addition to the original meteorological and glaciological data from three measurement points on Hansbreen. Precipitation phases were identified based on records of weather phenomena and used-along with information on lapse rate-to estimate the occurrence and altitudinal extent of winter rainfall over the glacier. We found an increase in the frequency of winter rain in Hornsund, and that these events impact both glacier mass balance and glacier dynamics. However, the latter varied depending on the degree of snow cover and drainage systems development. In early winter, given the initial, thin snow cover and an inefficient drainage system, rainfall increased glacier velocity. Full-season winter rainfall on well-developed snow was effectively stored in the glacier, contributing on average to 9% of the winter accumulation. © 2019 by the authors.},

note = {16},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85077654725,

title = {Importance of snow as component of surface mass balance of Arctic glacier (Hansbreen, southern Spitsbergen)},

author = { A. Uszczyk and M. Grabiec and M. Laska and M. Kuhn and D. Ignatiuk},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85077654725&doi=10.24425%2fppr.2019.130901&partnerID=40&md5=fd2fd2800633ebe70fe781efede3e6c2},

doi = {10.24425/ppr.2019.130901},

issn = {01380338},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Polish Polar Research},

volume = {40},

number = {4},

pages = {311-338},

publisher = {Polish Academy of Sciences},

abstract = {Snowmelt is a very important component of freshwater resources in the polar environment. Seasonal fluctuations in the water supply to glacial drainage systems influence glacier dynamics and indirectly affect water circulation and stratification in fjords. Here, we present spatial distribution of the meltwater production from the snow cover on Hansbreen in southern Spitsbergen. We estimated the volume of freshwater coming from snow deposited over this glacier. As a case study, we used 2014 being one of the warmest season in the 21st century. The depth of snow cover was measured using a high frequency Ground Penetrating Radar close to the maximum stage of accumulation. Simultaneously, a series of studies were conducted to analyse the structure of the snowpack and its physical properties in three snow pits in different glacier elevation zones. These data were combined to construct a snow density model for the entire glacier, which together with snow depth distribution represents essential parameters to estimate glacier winter mass balance. A temperature index model was used to calculate snow ablation, applying an average temperature lapse rate and surface elevation changes. Applying variable with altitude degree day factor, we estimated an average daily rate of ablation between 0.023 m d-1 °C-1 (for the ablation zone) and 0.027 m d-1 °C-1 (in accumulation zone). This melting rate was further validated by direct ablation data at reference sites on the glacier. An average daily water production by snowmelt in 2014 ablation season was 0.0065 m w.e. (water equivalent) and 41.52·106 m3 of freshwater in total. This ablation concerned 85.5% of the total water accumulated during winter in snow cover. Extreme daily melting exceeded 0.020 m w.e. in June and September 2014 with a maximum on 6th July 2014 (0.027 m w.e.). The snow cover has completely disappeared at the end of ablation season on 75.8% of the surface of Hansbreen. Copyright © 2019.},

note = {5},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85062621972,

title = {Freshwater input to the arctic fjord hornsund (Svalbard)},

author = { M. Błaszczyk and D. Ignatiuk and A. Uszczyk and K. Cielecka-Nowak and M. Grabiec and J.A. Jania and M. Moskalik and W. Walczowski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85062621972&doi=10.33265%2fpolar.v38.3506&partnerID=40&md5=33151800504d66ff86c2fd25c5b8e431},

doi = {10.33265/polar.v38.3506},

issn = {08000395},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Polar Research},

volume = {38},

publisher = {Norwegian Polar Institute},

abstract = {Glaciers draining to the Hornsund basin (southern Spitsbergen; Svalbard) have experienced a significant retreat and mass volume loss over the last decades, increasing the input of freshwater into the fjord. An increase in freshwater input can influence fjord hydrology, hydrodynamics, sediment flux and biota, especially in a changing climate. Here, we describe the sources of freshwater supply to the fjord based on glaciological and meteorological data from the period 2006 to 2015. The average freshwater input from land to the Hornsund bay is calculated as 2517 ± 82 Mt a−1, with main contributions from glacier meltwater runoff (986 Mt a−1; 39%) and frontal ablation of tidewater glaciers (634 Mt a−1; 25%). Tidewater glaciers in Hornsund lose ca. 40% of their mass by frontal ablation. The terminus retreat component accounts for ca. 30% of the mass loss by frontal ablation, but it can vary between 17% and 44% depending on oceanological, meteorological and geomorphological factors. The contribution of the total precipitation over land excluding winter snowfall (520 Mt a−1), total precipitation over the fjord area (180 Mt a−1) and melting of the snow cover over unglaciated areas (197 Mt a−1) to the total freshwater input appear to be small: 21%, 7% and 8%, respectively. © 2019 M. Błaszczyk et al.},

note = {24},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85031328749,

title = {Coast formation in an Arctic area due to glacier surge and retreat: The Hornbreen–Hambergbreen case from Spistbergen},

author = { M. Grabiec and D. Ignatiuk and J.A. Jania and M. Moskalik and P. Głowacki and M. Błaszczyk and T. Budzik and W. Walczowski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85031328749&doi=10.1002%2fesp.4251&partnerID=40&md5=cb31a5efbe9ef9e0be3fcaf6d2c3809e},

doi = {10.1002/esp.4251},

issn = {01979337},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Earth Surface Processes and Landforms},

volume = {43},

number = {2},

pages = {387-400},

publisher = {John Wiley and Sons Ltd},

abstract = {Glacierised coasts undergo faster geomorphic processes than unglaciated ones. We have studied changes of the coastal area in southern Svalbard with the glacier bridge between Torell Land and Sørkapp Land since the beginning of the 20th century. The existence of a continuous subglacial depression beneath the Hornbreen–Hambergbreen glacier system has been debated since the 1960s, with inconclusive results. In this study we assess both the subglacial topography and the bathymetry of Hornsund Fjord and Hambergbukta bay. This included ~40 km of radar surveys over the glacial system and sea depth sounding. The extent of the glaciers from maps and satellite images together with digital terrain models and surface elevation data based on GPS profiling were used to analyse geometry changes of the glacier surfaces. The results confirm the existence of a continuous subglacial depression below sea level (c. 40 m deep) between Hornsund and the Barents Sea. The Hornbreen-Hambergbreen system has changed in shape over the past century, reflecting its dynamic origin and activity, also exemplified by the sequential surges identified since 1899. There was a pre-surge build-up event of Flatbreen causing a surge and subsequent lowering of the Hornbreen-Hambergbreen frontal parts by the 1960s. After, the entire surface lowered, albeit with a delay in the Hornbreen terminal zone. Since the year 2000, Hornbreen terminus has retreated at an average rate of 106 m a−1; ~50% faster than that of Hambergbreen. If the retreat continues at the 2000–2015 average rate, the ice bridge between Hornsund and Hambergbukta will be broken sometime between 2055 and 2065 and the Hornsund strait will separate Sørkapp Land from the Spitsbergen island. The processes and events described in this study, particularly the effects of the glacier surge, may provide a model for changes likely to occur in other coastal glaciated regions experiencing rapid change. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.},

note = {29},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85031894997,

title = {Snow deposition patterns on southern spitsbergen glaciers, svalbard, in relation to recent meteorological conditions and local topography},

author = { M. Laska and M. Grabiec and D. Ignatiuk and T. Budzik},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85031894997&doi=10.1080%2f04353676.2017.1327321&partnerID=40&md5=b5a0b4c516833a727793b0c6cc4111d0},

doi = {10.1080/04353676.2017.1327321},

issn = {04353676},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Geografiska Annaler, Series A: Physical Geography},

volume = {99},

number = {3},

pages = {262-287},

publisher = {Taylor and Francis Ltd.},

abstract = {We present a detailed study on snow cover on six different glaciers southern Spitsbergen, Svalbard: Amundsenisen, Flatbreen, HansbreeNannbreen, Storbreen and Werenskioldbreen. Fieldwork was carried ouin April–May 2013, at the end of the accumulation season, to determinlarge-scale spatial distribution patterns of snow cover on glaciesurrounding the Hornsund Fjord. Snow depth was measured using 800 MHz ground-penetrating radar (GPR). In addition, the structure the snowpack was determined by digging snow pits and collectinsnow cores from different glacier facies. These samples wersubsequently analysed against circulation types and meteorological datfrom selected sites. In particular, snow patterns were compared againrain-on-snow events. The mean snow depth measures ranged fro1.90 m (Werenskioldbreen) to 3.80 m (Amundsenisen), whereas thaccumulation gradient ranged from 15 cm 100 m−1 (Storbreen) to 74 c100 m−1 (Nannbreen). These results followed previous observationsuggesting a decrease in snow accumulation from coastal areas towardthe island’s interior. The estimated snow water equivalent values werlower than those measured in the 1990s and during 2010 (Hansbreen: −48%), with the exception of Amundsenisen (c. +17%). The relativehigh densities found in the snowpack did not compensate for thshallow snow depths measured, which can be ascribed to loprecipitation totals and an increased frequency of rain events during thwinter months. © 2017 Swedish Society for Anthropology and Geography.},

note = {9},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85019038524,

title = {Glacier naled evolution and relation to the subglacial drainage system based on water chemistry and GPR surveys (Werenskioldbreen, SW Svalbard)},

author = { Ł. Stachnik and J.C. Yde and M. Kondracka and D. Ignatiuk and M. Grzesik},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85019038524&doi=10.1017%2faog.2016.9&partnerID=40&md5=230c7f1829739505fe90322abc8f4fea},

doi = {10.1017/aog.2016.9},

issn = {02603055},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Annals of Glaciology},

volume = {57},

number = {72},

pages = {19-30},

publisher = {Cambridge University Press},

abstract = {Glacier naledi are extrusive ice masses that appear in front of glaciers as a consequence of refreezing of meltwater seepage during the accumulation season. These structures provide a unique opportunity to understand subglacial drainage activity during the accumulation season; however, only few detailed studies have previously focused on their characteristics. Here, we investigated glacier-derived naled assemblages in the proglacial zone of the polythermal glacier Werenskioldbreen (27.4 km2) in SW Svalbard. We determined the spatial distribution of naledi using ground penetrating radar surveys. The main subglacial drainage pattern was related to a channel under the medial moraine, and three sources are linked to a distributed subglacial drainage network. The relation between atmospherically-corrected (Ca2+ + Mg2+) and (SO4 2-) in sub-naled waters was closely related to sulphide oxidation coupled with carbonate dissolution (r = 0.99; slope = 1.6). This is consistent with the local lithology, which is dominated by schist containing carbonates. We also found high carbonate saturation indices in pale white ice layers within the naled. We conclude that sulphide oxidation coupled with carbonate dissolution is the dominant chemical weathering process in the subglacial drainage system of Werenskioldbreen during the accumulation season. Copyright © The Author(s) 2016.},

note = {12},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84963967731,

title = {Chemical denudation and the role of sulfide oxidation at Werenskioldbreen, Svalbard},

author = { Ł. Stachnik and E. Majchrowska and J.C. Yde and A.P. Nawrot and K. Cichała-Kamrowska and D. Ignatiuk and A.M. Piechota},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84963967731&doi=10.1016%2fj.jhydrol.2016.03.059&partnerID=40&md5=221b35ed0f8ef7fbafa4c907ab3737c0},

doi = {10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.03.059},

issn = {00221694},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Hydrology},

volume = {538},

pages = {177-193},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {This study aims to determine the rate of chemical denudation and the relationships between dominant geochemical reactions operating in the proglacial and subglacial environments of the polythermal glacier Werenskioldbreen (SW Svalbard) during an entire ablation season. Water sampling for major ion chemistry was performed at a proglacial hydrometric station and from subglacial outflows from May to September 2011. These data were combined with measurements of discharge and supraglacial ablation rates. The slopes and intercepts in best-fit regressions of [*Ca2+ + *Mg2+ vs. *SO42-] and [HCO3- vs. *SO42-] in meltwater from ice-marginal subglacial channels were close to the stoichiometric parameters of sulfide oxidation and simple hydrolysis coupled to carbonate dissolution (*concentrations corrected for input of sea-salt). This shows that these relationships predominates the meltwater chemistry. Our findings also show that sulfide oxidation is a better indicator of the configuration of subglacial drainage systems than, for instance, Na+ and K+. In the proglacial area and in sub-artesian outflows, the ion associations represent sulfide oxidation but other processes such as ion exchange and dissolution of Ca and Mg efflorescent salts may also contribute to the solute variations. These processes may cause enhanced fluxes of Ca2+ and HCO3- from glacierized basins during the early ablation and peak flow seasons as the proglacial salts re-dissolve. The overall chemical denudation rate in the basin for 2011 (ranging from 1601 to 1762 meq m-2 yr-1 (121.9 to 132.2 t km-2 yr-1)) was very high when compared to other Svalbard valley glaciers suggesting that the high rate of chemical denudation was mostly caused by the high rates of discharge and ablation. Chemical weathering intensities (876 and 964 meq m-3 yr-1) exceeded previously reported intensities in Svalbard. © 2016 Elsevier B.V..},

note = {35},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84942924769,

title = {Seasonal and interannual variability in runoff from the Werenskioldbreen catchment, Spitsbergen},

author = { E. Majchrowska and D. Ignatiuk and J.A. Jania and H. Marszałek and M. Wasik},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84942924769&doi=10.1515%2fpopore-2015-0014&partnerID=40&md5=c65da3b304e56cf84d374a037d41d9f4},

doi = {10.1515/popore-2015-0014},

issn = {01380338},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Polish Polar Research},

volume = {36},

number = {3},

pages = {197-224},

publisher = {Walter de Gruyter GmbH},

abstract = {The results from a hydrological monitoring program of Breelva basin (Spits-bergen; Svalbard) have been analysed to improve the understanding of the Werenskiöld Glacier system's functioning in the High Arctic. Hydrographs of a 44 km2 river basin (27 km2 of which was covered by a glacier) were analysed for the period 2007-2012. Sea-sonal discharge fluctuations were linked to glacier ablation and meteorological parameters, including atmospheric circulation types. A dichotomy was found in the discharge peaks generation during the hydrologically active season, with the main role played by snow and ice melt events during its first part and the rainfall regime dominating its second part. Foehn type strong winds played a significant role in the generation of ablation type floods (e.g. in August 2011). A simple classification of the runoff regime was applied to the examined six-year period, resulting in the identification of its three types: the ablation type (dominant in 2007 and 2009), the rainfall type (in the years 2011-2012), and the mixed type (during 2008 and 2010). According to publications the river flow season in Spitsbergen begins in June and end with freeze-up in September or at the beginning of October. Recently, this sea-son for Breelva tend to be extended with the mid-May onset and end in the second part of October. A multiannual trend was noted that reflects a growing importance of rainfalls, especially in September. Rainfall waters play a more distinct role in outflow from the Breelva catchment recently. © 2015 Polish Academy of Sciences.},

note = {22},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84870752949,

title = {Reconstructing subglacial drainage of Werenskiold Glacier (SW Spitsbergen) based on numerical modelling [Rekonstrukcja drenażu subglacjalnego lodowca Werenskiolda (SW Spitsbergen) na podstawie modelowania numerycznego]},

author = { A.M. Piechota and S.S. Sitek and D. Ignatiuk and J.A. Piotrowski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84870752949&partnerID=40&md5=ffcd586c944f696e7b5046e0e507fffa},

issn = {08676143},

year  = {2012},

date = {2012-01-01},

urldate = {2012-01-01},

journal = {Biuletyn - Panstwowego Instytutu Geologicznego},

number = {451},

pages = {191-202},

abstract = {The paper attempts to describe subglacial drainage of the Werenskiold Glacier based on numerical modelling using FEFLOW software version 6.0. The model covers 36.2 km2 of a polythermal glacier basin, 75% of which is filled with ice (27.1 km2). Numerical modelling was preceded by field research carried out on Werenskiold during the summers of2009-2011. The model illustrates the subglacial drainage in a ground moraine layer and the top of the bedrock. Permafrost and active layer of a maximum thickness of 2 m under the glacier snout and in its forefield were assumed (Replewska-Pȩkalowa; 2004). The aim of this study was to obtain the subglacial groundwater flow field and the spatial distribution of hydraulic pressures beneath the glacier and in its forefield. The spatial distribution of hydraulic pressure and groundwater flow paths beneath the glacier are controlled by its geometry (thickness), thermal conditions, the amount of ablation and rainfall water, and the hydrogeological parameters of the bed. The water flux in the ablation season in the aquifer under the glacier and in its forefield was estimated at 4624 m 3/day, what corresponds to 8% of the seasonal ablation water and rainfall (5% of which drains through the sediments under the glacier). The remaining 92% of the ablation water is evacuated through inand subglacial channel system.},

note = {5},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84875841457,

title = {Meteorological and glaciological data collecting system in polar region - Infrastructure of Stanisław Siedlecki's Polish Polar Station (SW Spitsbergen) [System gromadzenia danych meteorologicznych i glacjologicznych w obszarach polarnych - Infrastruktura pomiarowa Polskiej Stacji Polarnej im. Stanisława Siedleckiego (SW Spitsbergen)]},

author = { S. Sikora and K. Migała and T. Budzik and P. Głowacki and D. Puczko and D. Ignatiuk and J.A. Jania},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84875841457&partnerID=40&md5=4451377722b22e06f4758f336c2d1473},

issn = {00332135},

year  = {2012},

date = {2012-01-01},

journal = {Przeglad Geofizyczny},

volume = {57},

number = {1},

pages = {35-47},

abstract = {Stanisław Siedlecki's Polish Polar Station (operated by Institute of Geophysics; Polish Academy of Sciences) is located in south-west part of Svalbard. Since the Summer 1978 meteorological and glaciological observation of Hornsund fjord's surroundings are done. Land meteorological station Hornsund operates on the network of WMO (number 01003) and is incorporated into the system measurements and observations conducted by the Norwegian Meteorological Institute (NMI). Every hour information about the basic meteorological elements are automatically sent to the NMI headquarters in Oslo, and every 3 hours this information is complemented with visual observations carried out by the observer. Besides the basic meteorological measurements, the measurements of solar irradiation and precipitation are conducted. At the nearby Hans glacier three Automatic Weather Stations allows continuously monitoring of selected meteorological parameters. Along with metal stakes embedded in the surface layer of the glacier which the position is measured once a month with a differential GPS receiver, AWS forms a meteorological and glaciological data collecting system in polar region. Since 2009, data from this system are available at website: http://www.glacio-topoclim.org free of charge.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-58149517782,

title = {The impact of natural areas situated among urban areas on environmental awareness of young people [Rola miejsc przyrodniczo cennych na obszarze zurbanizowanym w procesie budowania świadomości ekologicznej młodzieży]},

author = { D. Ignatiuk and K. Dacy-Ignatiuk},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-58149517782&partnerID=40&md5=18ec5fad07797534e106ea433c71fcda},

issn = {00125032},

year  = {2008},

date = {2008-01-01},

journal = {Dokumentacja Geograficzna},

number = {38},

pages = {24-27},

abstract = {Contact with nature is an essential element of a young person's development. It helps shaping sensitivity, sense of beauty and makes open to values other than strictly materialistic. A park can provide contact with nature in the urban environment. In this paper, the authors present their own, as well as their students' development towards environmental awareness. It was possible through experiencing the biodiversity of the school's nearby area, namely the North Park in Tychy.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}