@article{2-s2.0-85184730898,

title = {Consumption of polypropylene caused some ultrastructural and physiological changes in some tissues of Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) larvae},

author = { M.M. Rost-Roszkowska and P. Mermer and Ł. Chajec and A. Sosinka and G. Wilczek and S. Student and A.K. Wrońska and O. Karnówka},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85184730898&doi=10.1080%2f24750263.2024.2308529&partnerID=40&md5=bf8c4c030f37d08c900af092c647bfff},

doi = {10.1080/24750263.2024.2308529},

issn = {24750263},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {European Zoological Journal},

volume = {91},

number = {1},

pages = {213-234},

publisher = {Taylor and Francis Ltd.},

abstract = {G. mellonella is a promising species for use in the biodegradation of plastics. It is easy to breed and has high resistance to diverse climatic conditions, which is particularly valuable when considering its potential application in the decomposition of plastics. Thus, it demonstrated the capacity for biodegradation of the most common types of plastics, such as polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP). However, reports on whether consumed plastics or their decomposition products will adversely affect the structure and functioning of the internal organs are rather poor. The studies aimed to determine whether the consumption of PP by a greater wax moth larvae caused any ultrastructural changes in the organs of the animal’s body, evaluate the survival rate of the animals, and describe their reproduction. Thus, this study provided an understanding of histological and ultrastructural changes caused, or not caused, by the PP diet. We investigated three organs–midgut, silk gland, and fat body–under PP consumption by G. mellonella caterpillars (7th instar larvae). The level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in selected organs, as well as the ability of larvae to survive and undergo metamorphosis were also examined. The animals were divided into four groups: G0-C, G0-S, G0-24, and G0-48. The research used transmission electron microscopy (TEM), confocal microscopy, and flow cytometry. Our study showed that a diet containing PP did not affect internal organs at the ultrastructural level. Cells in the analyzed organs–midgut, silk gland, and fat body–showed no degenerative changes. An increase in the intensity of autophagy and cell vacuolization was noted, but they probably act as a survival pathway. These observations suggest that the final larval stage of the greater wax moth can potentially be applied in PP biodegradation. © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85184696427,

title = {Toxic effects of nickel on tolerance and regeneration in the freshwater shrimp Neocaridina davidi},

author = { A. Ostróżka and Ł. Chajec and G. Wilczek and S. Student and K. Kocot and J. Homa and M.M. Rost-Roszkowska},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85184696427&doi=10.1080%2f24750263.2024.2310041&partnerID=40&md5=65d4437a7e8c700b222268bf3d805f30},

doi = {10.1080/24750263.2024.2310041},

issn = {24750263},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {European Zoological Journal},

volume = {91},

number = {1},

pages = {180-205},

publisher = {Taylor and Francis Ltd.},

abstract = {Heavy metals cause environmental pollution and produce toxic effects on organisms. Nickel (Ni) is a common metallic pollutant of aquatic ecosystems and potentially can produce multifarious changes in the body of aquatic organisms. The average nickel content in rivers is about 0.7 μg/l. As a result, the homeostasis of the affected organism is disturbed, and processes that can counteract the changes are activated. To better understand the effects of Ni in the freshwater environment and its fauna, it is important to establish whether all changes caused in cells and tissues by Ni exposure are reversible when the animal returns to the non-polluted environment. Thus, the main aim of the study was to analyze changes that occur after Ni exposure and after it is returned to non-contaminated water at various levels of the animal’s body. The freshwater shrimp Neocaridina davidi (Crustacea) was selected as the subject of the study. As the organ for studies, we chose the midgut because it is a barrier against stressors that enter the organism. A concentration of 3.63 mg Ni/l was selected for the experiment, at which approximately 50% mortality of the population was observed after 14 days. The midgut was analyzed using light and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), confocal microscopy, and flow cytometry for qualitative and quantitative results. When the organisms were transferred to clean water, a prolong exposure resulted in a decrease in the values of the analyzed parameters (e.g. ROS; cell death; etc.) proportional to the purification time. The recovery time was insufficient to return to control values in most analyzed groups. Nevertheless, the occurrence of regenerative changes suggests that freshwater shrimps are relatively tolerant to nickel, when the exposure time is short and the recovery time is long. © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85174449310,

title = {Size-dependent and sex-specific negative effects of micro- and nano-sized polystyrene particles in the terrestrial invertebrate model Drosophila melanogaster},

author = { A.Z. Urbisz and K. Małota and Ł. Chajec and M.K. Sawadro},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85174449310&doi=10.1016%2fj.micron.2023.103560&partnerID=40&md5=77068cdc7cddfb39fc67f8ce276d7ee0},

doi = {10.1016/j.micron.2023.103560},

issn = {09684328},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {Micron},

volume = {176},

publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},

abstract = {Microplastic pollution is believed to be one of the most widespread and long-lasting changes on a global scale. Our understanding that microplastics significantly impact terrestrial systems and are a global change stressor continues to grow. In the present study, we investigated the negative effect of long-term (28 days of exposure in food) polystyrene particles of micro (1.0–1.9 µm; 0.4–0.6 µm) and nano (0.04–0.06 µm) scale, in low doses, on the fruit fly – representing a common, globally distributed terrestrial invertebrate, and a model species in many fields. Our observations involved such parameters as ingestion and transfer of particles, survival, reproduction, changes in ultrastructure and tissue and cell responses in midgut epithelium (the place of direct contact with plastic), ovary, and testis in adults, and transgenerational effects in larvae. These observations may indicate possible toxic effects of the tested substances, even in low doses, that can be expected in other taxa, in terrestrial ecosystems. We observed a negative impact of polystyrene particles on the fruit fly survival, midgut, ovary, and testis, involving ultrastructural alterations, such as autophagy and/or ultimately necrosis in the midgut, triggering oxidative stress and activating processes of antioxidative protection. Despite the changes, midgut function and reproduction were not altered – spermatogenesis and oogenesis proceeded normally. The effect was size-dependent – the smaller the polystyrene particles were, the more substantial was the impact they caused. Ultrastructural changes and studied parameters, i.e., generation of ROS (overproduction of which generates oxidative stress), total glutathione concentration (involved in defense against ROS; acting in distinct pathways), and total antioxidant concentration (the oxidative defense system) showed the highest levels after exposure to the smallest nanoparticles, and vice versa. The effect was also sex-dependent, with male flies being more sensitive. Negative effects in males were more substantial and more prominent, even after contact with larger particles, compared to females. The smaller particles (0.4–0.6 µm; 0.04–0.06 µm) were transferred to the ovary and accumulated in the oocytes. In this case, a transgenerational negative effect was detected in larvae. It was characterized by size-dependent alterations, with smaller particles triggering higher levels of ROS and cellular oxidative response. Only the largest particles (1.0–1.9 µm) did not pass into the gonad and did not alter the larvae. These observations together demonstrated that polystyrene particles of micro- and nanoscale, even in a low dose, can induce numerous negative effects on terrestrial invertebrates. © 2023 The Authors},

note = {1},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85159275551,

title = {Influence of the modifiers in polyol method on magnetically induced hyperthermia and biocompatibility of ultrafine magnetite nanoparticles},

author = { A. Radoń and A. Włodarczyk and Ł. Sieroń and M.M. Rost-Roszkowska and Ł. Chajec and D. Łukowiec and A. Ciuraszkiewicz and P. Gȩbara and S. Wacławek and A. Kolano-Burian},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85159275551&doi=10.1038%2fs41598-023-34738-z&partnerID=40&md5=9fc8926f037eff98af4e0172e8e49528},

doi = {10.1038/s41598-023-34738-z},

issn = {20452322},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Scientific Reports},

volume = {13},

number = {1},

publisher = {Nature Research},

abstract = {Magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) are widely tested in various biomedical applications, including magnetically induced hyperthermia. In this study, the influence of the modifiers, i.e., urotropine, polyethylene glycol, and NH4HCO3, on the size, morphology, magnetically induced hyperthermia effect, and biocompatibility were tested for Fe3O4 NPs synthesized by polyol method. The nanoparticles were characterized by a spherical shape and similar size of around 10 nm. At the same time, their surface is functionalized by triethylene glycol or polyethylene glycol, depending on the modifiers. The Fe3O4 NPs synthesized in the presence of urotropine had the highest colloidal stability related to the high positive value of zeta potential (26.03 ± 0.55 mV) but were characterized by the lowest specific absorption rate (SAR) and intrinsic loss power (ILP). The highest potential in the hyperthermia applications have NPs synthesized using NH4HCO3, for which SAR and ILP were equal to 69.6 ± 5.2 W/g and 0.613 ± 0.051 nHm2/kg, respectively. Their application possibility was confirmed for a wide range of magnetic fields and by cytotoxicity tests. The absence of differences in toxicity to dermal fibroblasts between all studied NPs was confirmed. Additionally, no significant changes in the ultrastructure of fibroblast cells were observed apart from the gradual increase in the number of autophagous structures. © 2023, The Author(s).},

note = {5},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85165967465,

title = {How cadmium and copper change the sensitivity of the hemocytes of Steatoda grossa spider on immunostimulation: qualitative and quantitative analysis},

author = { G. Wilczek and M.M. Rost-Roszkowska and J. Homa and E. Szulińska and S. Student and Ł. Chajec and Kl. Wiśniewska and K. Surmiak-Stalmach},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85165967465&doi=10.1080%2f24750263.2023.2237989&partnerID=40&md5=d78134cfb2a4a0526661036b6548776b},

doi = {10.1080/24750263.2023.2237989},

issn = {24750263},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {European Zoological Journal},

volume = {90},

number = {2},

pages = {624-642},

publisher = {Taylor and Francis Ltd.},

abstract = {The purpose of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity of hemocytes of adult Steatoda grossa females to cadmium and copper administered orally for 4 weeks or 12 months, and to check the metabolic condition of these cells after immunostimulation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). The viability of hemocytes (flow cytometry and luminescence techniques), their ultrastructure (transmission electron microscopy), and the antioxidant activity of hemolymph (superoxide dismutase; catalase; total antioxidant capacity; TAC) were analyzed. The results showed that, compared to copper, cadmium caused severe necrotic changes in hemocytes and impaired oxygen burst reactions and antioxidant responses, regardless of the exposure time. Copper induced degenerative changes only during short-term exposure, but its long-term intoxication did not impair the metabolic processes of hemocytes. Administration of PMA to spiders that were chronically exposed to either of the metals caused an increase in TAC levels in the hemolymph. Although the concentration of ATP in hemocytes was reduced relative to the control, the ADP/ATP ratio did not change, precluding a strong depletion of cellular energy resources. The metabolic condition of hemocytes stabilized with prolonged metal exposure, indicating the activation of defense mechanisms under operating stressors. © 2023 University of Silesia. Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85128842423,

title = {Ovaries and testes of Lithobius forficatus (Myriapoda, Chilopoda) react differently to the presence of cadmium in the environment},

author = { I. Poprawa and Ł. Chajec and A. Chachulska-Żymełka and G. Wilczek and S. Student and M. Leśniewska and M.M. Rost-Roszkowska},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85128842423&doi=10.1038%2fs41598-022-10664-4&partnerID=40&md5=8b63d068ae6726dff9844ca0d4a93be1},

doi = {10.1038/s41598-022-10664-4},

issn = {20452322},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Scientific Reports},

volume = {12},

number = {1},

publisher = {Nature Research},

abstract = {Proper reproduction depends on properly functioning gonads (ovaries and testes). Many xenobiotics, including heavy metals, can cause changes in somatic and germ line cells, thus damaging the reproductive capacity. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the heavy metal cadmium on the gonads, including germ line and somatic cells. It is important to determine whether cell death processes are triggered in both types of cells in the gonads, and which gonads are more sensitive to the presence of cadmium in the environment. The research was conducted on the soil-dwelling arthropod Lithobius forficatus (Myriapoda; Chilopoda), which is common for European fauna. Animals were cultured in soil supplemented with Cd for different periods (short- and long-term treatment). Gonads were isolated and prepared for qualitative and quantitative analysis, which enabled us to describe all changes which appeared after both the short- and long-term cadmium treatment. The results of our study showed that cadmium affects the structure and ultrastructure of both gonads in soil-dwelling organisms including the activation of cell death processes. However, the male germ line cells are more sensitive to cadmium than female germ line cells. We also observed that germ line cells are protected by the somatic cells of both gonads. © 2022, The Author(s).},

note = {3},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85134226759,

title = {Hazards related to the presence of cadmium in food – Studies on the European soil centipede, Lithobius forficatus},

author = { M.M. Rost-Roszkowska and I. Poprawa and Ł. Chajec and A. Chachulska-Żymełka and G. Wilczek and M. Skowronek and S. Student and M. Leśniewska},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85134226759&doi=10.1016%2fj.scitotenv.2022.157298&partnerID=40&md5=3e44db2c8124fdeab23b618b4495900f},

doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157298},

issn = {00489697},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Science of the Total Environment},

volume = {845},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {The soil is an environment rich in numerous potentially toxic substances/elements when present at elevated concentrations. They can be transported through the successive levels of the trophic chain. Animals living in a contaminated environment or eating contaminated food can accumulate potentially toxic elements in their bodies. One of the potentially toxic metals is cadmium, which accumulates significantly in soils. The aim of our research was to evaluate the changes caused by cadmium supplied with the food administered to invertebrates living in uncontaminated soil. The results were compared with those obtained for animals raised in contaminated soil, where cadmium entered the body via the epidermis. As the material for studies, we chose a common European soil centipede, Lithobius forficatus. Adult specimens were divided into the following experimental groups: C – control animals, Cd12 and Cd45 – animals fed with Chironomus larvae maintained in water containing 80 mg/l CdCl2, for 12 and 45 days, respectively. The material was analyzed using qualitative and quantitative analysis (transmission electron microscopy; confocal microscopy; flow cytometry; atomic absorption spectrometry). Eventually, we can conclude that the digestive system is an effective barrier against the effects of toxic metals on the entire organism, but among the gonads, ovaries are more protected than testes, however, this protection is not sufficient. Accumulation of spherites and mitochondrial alterations are probably involved in survival mechanisms of tissues after Cd intoxication. © 2022},

note = {2},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85138707037,

title = {Ultra-Morphology and Mechanical Function of the Trichoideum Sensillum in Nabis rugosus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Insecta: Heteroptera: Cimicomorpha)},

author = { S. Chakilam and J. Brożek and Ł. Chajec and I. Poprawa and R. Gaidys},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85138707037&doi=10.3390%2finsects13090799&partnerID=40&md5=a5977c86566c96b128ee99bcedf507ef},

doi = {10.3390/insects13090799},

issn = {20754450},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Insects},

volume = {13},

number = {9},

publisher = {MDPI},

abstract = {The present study aims to investigate the morphological features of the antennal sensilla by using SEM and TEM. The construction of a 3D model of trichoideum sensillum using Amira software is presented in this paper. Five sensillum types, namely trichoideum, chaeticum, campaniformium, coeloconicum, and basiconicum, were recorded. This model exhibits the mechanosensillum components, including the embedded hair in a socket attached by the joint membrane and the dendrite connected to the hair base passing through the cuticle layers. TEM images present the dendrite way, micro-tubules inside the dendritic sheath, and terminal structure of the tubular dendrite body and so-called companion cells included in the receptor, e.g., tormogen and trichogen. The parameters noted for the external structure and ultrastructure of the mechano-receptor indicate that they are specific to a particular type of sensillum and would be useful in developing the model for a biosensor. Results show that bio-inspired sensors can be developed based on morphological and ultrastructural studies and to conduct mechanical studies on their components. © 2022 by the authors.},

note = {4},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85127523380,

title = {A microscopy investigation of the complex problem of infertility of insect hybrids. Studies on the reproductive systems, eggshells, and karyotypes of the representatives of the genus Platymeris (Heteroptera, Reduviidae) and their hybrids},

author = { A. Bugaj-Nawrocka and Ł. Chajec and A.Z. Urbisz and D. Chłond},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85127523380&doi=10.1016%2fj.micron.2022.103248&partnerID=40&md5=00bc8948a83beadd752635d0af3d7abf},

doi = {10.1016/j.micron.2022.103248},

issn = {09684328},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Micron},

volume = {158},

publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},

abstract = {Hybridisation is still a widely studied phenomenon that allows us to look at some processes differently. However, obtaining fertile hybrids, which we might consider in the long term as precursors of a new species, is still a field that requires research. Much of the research done so far indicates that hybrids are sterile – either sex or both. It is influenced by various mechanisms, both prezygotic and postzygotic reproductive isolation. Thanks to the use of light and transmission electron microscopy, our research has made it possible to understand, at least partially, the causes of infertility in male hybrids resulting from the crossing of two Afrotropical species of the genus Platymeris Laporte, 1833. The analysis of microscopic images showed that one of the possible causes of the infertility of hybrids might be spermatogenesis, during which sperm cells were not formed. In turn, the use of scanning electron microscopy revealed potential abnormalities in the structure of the hybrid eggshell. Moreover, karyotyping analyses suggest possible causes of infertility at the genetic level. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd},

note = {2},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85132453288,

title = {All for one: changes in mitochondrial morphology and activity during syncytial oogenesis},

author = { A.Z. Urbisz and Ł. Chajec and K. Małota and S. Student and M.K. Sawadro and M.A. Śliwińska and P. Świątek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85132453288&doi=10.1093%2fbiolre%2fioac035&partnerID=40&md5=d4f195796e8b35b1b64af31d1ab12b47},

doi = {10.1093/biolre/ioac035},

issn = {00063363},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Biology of Reproduction},

volume = {106},

number = {6},

pages = {1232-1253},

publisher = {Oxford University Press},

abstract = {The syncytial groups of germ cells (germ-line cysts) forming in ovaries of clitellate annelids are an attractive model to study mitochondrial stage-specific changes. Using transmission electron microscopy, serial block-face scanning electron microscopy, and fluorescent microscopy, we analyzed the mitochondria distribution and morphology and the state of membrane potential in female cysts in Enchytraeus albidus. We visualized in 3D at the ultrastructural level mitochondria in cysts at successive stages: 2-celled, 4-celled, 16-celled cysts, and cyst in advanced oogenesis. We found that mitochondria form extensive aggregates-they are fused and connected into large and branched mitochondrial networks. The most extensive networks are formed with up to 10 000 fused mitochondria, whereas individual organelles represent up to 2% of the total mitochondrial volume. We classify such a morphology of mitochondria as a dynamic hyperfusion state and suggest that this can maintain their high activity and intensify the process of cellular respiration within the syncytial cysts. We found some individual mitochondria undergoing degradation, which implies that damaged mitochondria are removed from networks for their final elimination. As growing oocytes were shown to possess less active mitochondria than the nurse cells, the high activity of mitochondria in the nurse cells and their dynamic hyperfusion state are attributed to serve the needs of the growing oocyte. In addition, we measured by calorimetry the total antioxidant capacity of germ-line cysts in comparison with somatic tissue, and it suggests that antioxidative defense systems, together with mitochondrial networks, can effectively protect germ-line mitochondria from damage. © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Society for the Study of Reproduction. All rights reserved.},

note = {2},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85128475015,

title = {Star Polymers as Non-Viral Carriers for Apoptosis Induction},

author = { A. Fus-Kujawa and Ł. Sieroń and E. Dobrzyńska and Ł. Chajec and B. Mendrek and N. Jarosz and Ł. Głowacki and K. Dubaj and W. Dubaj and A. Kowalczuk and K. Bajdak-Rusinek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85128475015&doi=10.3390%2fbiom12050608&partnerID=40&md5=ce87bf66c0fd9613233e7e322d9a04cc},

doi = {10.3390/biom12050608},

issn = {2218273X},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Biomolecules},

volume = {12},

number = {5},

publisher = {MDPI},

abstract = {Apoptosis is a widely controlled, programmed cell death, defects in which are the source of various diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases as well as cancer. The use of apoptosis in the therapy of various human diseases is of increasing interest, and the analysis of the factors involved in its regulation is valuable in designing specific carriers capable of targeting cell death. Highly efficient and precisely controlled delivery of genetic material by low-toxic carriers is one of the most important challenges of apoptosis-based gene therapy. In this work, we investigate the effect of the star polymer with 28 poly(N;N’-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) arms (STAR) on human cells, according to its concentration and structure. We show that star polymer cytotoxicity increases within its concentration and time of cells treatment. Except for cytotoxic effect, we observe morphological changes such as a shrinkage, loss of shape and begin to detach. We also prove DNA condensation after star polymer treatment, one of the most characteristic feature of apoptosis. The results indicate that the use of STAR triggers apoptosis in cancer cells compared to various normal cells, what makes these nanoparticles a promising drug in therapeutic strategy, which targets apoptosis. We demonstrate highlighting potential of star polymers as an innovative tool for anti-cancer therapy. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.},

note = {1},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85126721523,

title = {Verification of Hypsibius exemplaris Gasiorek et al., 2018 (Eutardigrada; Hypsibiidae) application in anhydrobiosis research},

author = { I. Poprawa and T. Bartylak and A. Kulpla and W. Erdmann and M. Roszkowska and Ł. Chajec and Ł. Kaczmarek and A. Karachitos and H. Kmita},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85126721523&doi=10.1371%2fjournal.pone.0261485&partnerID=40&md5=c0d8d20c4266ee75b06091725f44a72a},

doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0261485},

issn = {19326203},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {PLoS ONE},

volume = {17},

number = {3 March},

publisher = {Public Library of Science},

abstract = {Anhydrobiosis is considered to be an adaptation of important applicative implications because it enables resistance to the lack of water. The phenomenon is still not well understood at molecular level. Thus, a good model invertebrate species for the research is required. The best known anhydrobiotic invertebrates are tardigrades (Tardigrada), considered to be toughest animals in the world. Hypsibius. exemplaris is one of the best studied tardigrade species, with its name "exemplaris"referring to the widespread use of the species as a laboratory model for various types of research. However, available data suggest that anhydrobiotic capability of the species may be overestimated. Therefore, we determined anhydrobiosis survival by Hys. exemplaris specimens using three different anhydrobiosis protocols. We also checked ultrastructure of storage cells within formed dormant structures (tuns) that has not been studied yet for Hys. exemplaris. These cells are known to support energetic requirements of anhydrobiosis. The obtained results indicate that Hys. exemplaris appears not to be a good model species for anhydrobiosis research. © 2022 Poprawa et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.},

note = {5},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85110027459,

title = {3,4‐dehydro‐l‐proline induces programmed cell death in the roots of brachypodium distachyon},

author = { A. Piński and A. Betekhtin and J. Kwaśniewska and Ł. Chajec and E.A. Wolny and R. Hasterok},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85110027459&doi=10.3390%2fijms22147548&partnerID=40&md5=045642b6770419a71c99a63d6dd94f4c},

doi = {10.3390/ijms22147548},

issn = {16616596},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Molecular Sciences},

volume = {22},

number = {14},

publisher = {MDPI},

abstract = {As cell wall proteins, the hydroxyproline‐rich glycoproteins (HRGPs) take part in plant growth and various developmental processes. To fulfil their functions, HRGPs, extensins (EXTs) in particular, undergo the hydroxylation of proline by the prolyl‐4‐hydroxylases. The activity of these enzymes can be inhibited with 3,4‐dehydro‐L‐proline (3;4‐DHP), which enables its application to reveal the functions of the HRGPs. Thus, to study the involvement of HRGPs in the development of root hairs and roots, we treated seedlings of Brachypodium distachyon with 250 μM, 500 μM, and 750 μM of 3,4‐DHP. The histological observations showed that the root epidermis cells and the cortex cells beneath them ruptured. The immunostaining experiments using the JIM20 antibody, which recognizes the EXT epitopes, demonstrated the higher abundance of this epitope in the control compared to the treated samples. The transmission electron microscopy analyses revealed morphological and ultrastructural features that are typical for the vacuolar‐type of cell death. Using the TUNEL test (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelling), we showed an increase in the number of nuclei with damaged DNA in the roots that had been treated with 3,4‐DHP compared to the control. Finally, an analysis of two metacaspases’ gene activity revealed an increase in their expression in the treated roots. Altogether, our results show that inhibiting the prolyl‐4‐hydroxyl-ases with 3,4‐DHP results in a vacuolar‐type of cell death in roots, thereby highlighting the important role of HRGPs in root hair development and root growth. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.},

note = {2},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85105631786,

title = {Effects of cadmium on mitochondrial structure and function in different organs: studies on the soil centipede Lithobius forficatus (Myriapoda, Chilopoda)},

author = { M.M. Rost-Roszkowska and I. Poprawa and Ł. Chajec and A. Chachulska-Żymełka and G. Wilczek and P. Wilczek and M. Tarnawska and S. Student and M. Leśniewska},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85105631786&doi=10.1080%2f24750263.2021.1912199&partnerID=40&md5=521cb3648cd8129014a1058fea253b44},

doi = {10.1080/24750263.2021.1912199},

issn = {24750263},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {European Zoological Journal},

volume = {88},

number = {1},

pages = {632-648},

publisher = {Taylor and Francis Ltd.},

abstract = {Mitochondria are organelles that play a crucial role in cell physiology, cell death, and aging. They are among the first responders to different stressors that originate from the environment. Cadmium as a heavy metal affects different levels of body organization: from organs through tissues and cells to organelles. Based on our previous research results, we decided to check how the exposure to cadmium affects the functioning of mitochondria in different organs of soil living centipede Lithobius forficatus. The activity of mitochondria in somatic and germ cells has been analyzed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), confocal microscopy, and flow cytometry. Changes in the mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial dismutase (MnSOD) activity in relation to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) caused by cadmium exposure have been studied. Individuals were divided into 3 experimental groups depending on cadmium concentration in soil. Changes in mitochondrial ultrastructure caused by cadmium are tissue-dependent and associated with an increase of ROS levels. The system of ROS and MnSOD activation works more efficiently in the case of gonads than in the digestive system. While the short-term cadmium exposure alters the fine structure of both the somatic and germ-line cells in gonads, the long-term cadmium exposure causes mitochondrial ultrastructure regeneration. © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.},

note = {2},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85092754890,

title = {Microorganization of ovaries and oogenesis of Haplotaxis sp. (Clitellata: Haplotaxidae)},

author = { A.Z. Urbisz and P. Martin and M. Lagnika and Ł. Chajec and P. Świątek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85092754890&doi=10.1002%2fjmor.21285&partnerID=40&md5=34f7ba41b3dadeb3e9ec5b76cc8b5f8b},

doi = {10.1002/jmor.21285},

issn = {03622525},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Morphology},

volume = {282},

number = {1},

pages = {98-114},

publisher = {John Wiley and Sons Inc},

abstract = {Ovaries of Haplotaxis sp. were studied in active and nonactive states, that is, in a sexually mature specimen and in specimens outside of the reproductive period. Two pairs of ovaries were found in segments XI and XII. Especially in the nonactive state, they were in close contact with copulatory glands. Each ovary was composed of germ cells interconnected with syncytial cysts, which were enveloped by a layer of somatic cells. Within cysts each germ cell had one ring canal connecting it to the common anuclear cytoplasmic mass called a cytophore. During oogenesis clustering germ cells differentiated into nurse cells and oocytes; thus, the oogenesis was recognized as meroistic. Vitellogenic oocytes were detached from the ovaries and continued yolk absorption within the body cavity. Because recent studies have shown the variety of ovaries and germ line cyst organization in clitellates and suggest their evolutionary conservatism at the family or subfamily level, the data presented here can be valid in understanding the phylogenetic relationships among Clitellata. In this context, ovaries found in Haplotaxis sp. resembled those of the “Tubifex” type. “Tubifex” ovaries are characteristic for numerous microdrile taxa (tubificines; limnodriloidines; propappids; lumbriculids; and leech-like branchiobdellids) and can be regarded as the primary character for these Clitellata in which germ-line cysts are formed during early oogenesis. As the family Haplotaxidae is currently considered to be paraphyletic and the species studied here belongs to Haplotaxidae sensu stricto, our results support the close relationship of Haplotaxidae sensu stricto to the clade consisting of Lumbriculidae, Branchiobdellida, and Hirudinida, in which lumbriculids are sister to the latter two. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.},

note = {3},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85087489337,

title = {Effects of short- and long-term exposure to cadmium on salivary glands and fat body of soil centipede Lithobius forficatus (Myriapoda, Chilopoda): Histology and ultrastructure},

author = { M.M. Rost-Roszkowska and I. Poprawa and Ł. Chajec and A. Chachulska-Żymełka and M. Leśniewska and S. Student},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85087489337&doi=10.1016%2fj.micron.2020.102915&partnerID=40&md5=6309db2f521f14d140f64b2f7000a299},

doi = {10.1016/j.micron.2020.102915},

issn = {09684328},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Micron},

volume = {137},

publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},

abstract = {Cadmium (Cd) is the most widely studied heavy metal in terms of food-chain accumulation and contamination because it can strongly affect all environments (e.g.; soil; water; air). It can accumulate in different tissues and organs and can affect the organism at different levels of organization: from organs, tissues and cells though cell organelles and structures to activation of mechanisms of survival and cell death. In soil-dwelling organisms heavy metals gather in all tissues with accumulation properties: midgut, salivary glands, fat body. The aim of this study was to describe the effects of cadmium on the soil species Lithobius forficatus, mainly on two organs responsible for gathering different substances, the fat body and salivary glands, at the ultrastructural level. Changes caused by cadmium short- and long-term intoxication, connected with cell death (autophagy; apoptosis; necrosis), and the crosstalk between them, were analyzed. Adult specimens of L. forficatus were collected in a natural environment and divided into three experimental groups: C (the control group), Cd1 (cultured in soil with 80 mg/kg of CdCl2 for 12 days) and Cd2 (cultured in soil with 80 mg/kg of CdCl2 for 45 days). Transmission electron microscopy revealed ultrastructural alterations in both of the organs analyzed (reduction in the amount of reserve material; the appearance of vacuoles; etc.). Qualitative analysis using TUNEL assay revealed distinct crosstalk between autophagy and necrosis in the fat body adipocytes, while crosstalk between autophagy, apoptosis and necrosis in the salivary glands was detected in salivary glands of the centipedes examined here. We conclude that different organs in the body can react differently to the same stressor, as well as to the same concentration and time of exposure. Different mechanisms at the ultrastructural level activate different types of cell death and with different dynamics. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd},

note = {4},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85081210513,

title = {Can ceylon leadwort (Plumbago zeylanica L.) acclimate to lead toxicity?—studies of photosynthetic apparatus efficiency},

author = { K.M. Tokarz and W. Makowski and B. Tokarz and M. Hanula and E. Sitek and E. Muszyńska and R. Jędrzejczyk and R. Banasiuk and Ł. Chajec and S. Mazur},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85081210513&doi=10.3390%2fijms21051866&partnerID=40&md5=64c2900b22f7b1efad7a2dd6c25417c7},

doi = {10.3390/ijms21051866},

issn = {16616596},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Molecular Sciences},

volume = {21},

number = {5},

publisher = {MDPI AG},

abstract = {Ceylon leadwort (Plumbago zeylanica) is ornamental plant known for its pharmacological properties arising from the abundant production of various secondary metabolites. It often grows in lead polluted areas. The aim of presented study was to evaluate the survival strategy of P. zeylanica to lead toxicity via photosynthetic apparatus acclimatization. Shoots of P. zeylanica were cultivated on media with different Pb concentrations (0.0; 0.05; and 0.1 g Pb·l−1). After a four-week culture, the efficiency of the photosynthetic apparatus of plants was evaluated by Chl a fluorescence measurement, photosynthetic pigment, and Lhcb1, PsbA, PsbO, and RuBisCo protein accumulation, antioxidant enzymes activity, and chloroplast ultrastructure observation. Plants from lower Pb concentration revealed no changes in photosynthetic pigments content and light-harvesting complex (LHCII) size, as well as no limitation on the donor side of Photosystem II Reaction Centre (PSII RC). However, the activity and content of antioxidant enzymes indicated a high risk of limitation on the acceptor side of Photosystem I. In turn, plants from 0.1 g Pb·l−1 showed a significant decrease in pigments content, LHCII size, the amount of active PSII RC, oxygen-evolving complex activity, and significant remodeling of chloroplast ultrastructure indicated limitation of PSII RC donor side. Obtained results indicate that P. zeylanica plants acclimate to lead toxicity by Pb accumulation in roots and, depending on Pb concentration, by adjusting their photosynthetic apparatus via the activation of alternative (cyclic and pseudocyclic) electron transport pathways. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.},

note = {11},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85086015206,

title = {Influence of soil contaminated with cadmium on cell death in the digestive epithelium of soil centipede Lithobius forficatus (Myriapoda, Chilopoda)},

author = { M.M. Rost-Roszkowska and I. Poprawa and Ł. Chajec and A. Chachulska-Żymełka and G. Wilczek and P. Wilczek and S. Student and M. Skowronek and A. Nadgórska-Socha and M. Leśniewska},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85086015206&doi=10.1080%2f24750263.2020.1757168&partnerID=40&md5=58f49682d112d8cec5ea24fe0e5c2b11},

doi = {10.1080/24750263.2020.1757168},

issn = {24750263},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {European Zoological Journal},

volume = {87},

number = {1},

pages = {242-262},

publisher = {Taylor and Francis Ltd.},

abstract = {Cadmium is a heavy metal that is treated as an environmental pollutant (air; water; soil). In order to understand the potential effects of cadmium in soil and soil invertebrates, it is important to describe all alterations which appear at different levels in organisms. The main aim of this study was to investigate, analyze and describe the alterations caused by cadmium short- and long-term intoxication at different levels in the organisms: from tissues to cells and organelles. In addition, the activation of cell death mechanisms that take part in homeostasis maintenance according to cadmium has been studied. Therefore, as the species for this project, a terrestrial and well-known widespread European species–the centipede Lithobius forficatus (Myriapoda; Chilopoda; Lithobiomorpha)–was chosen. This omnivorous species lives under upper layers of soil, under stones, litter, rocks, and leaves, and it is also commonly found in human habitats. The animals were divided into three groups: C–the control group, animals cultured in a horticultural soil; Cd1–animals cultured in a horticultural soil supplemented with 80 mg/kg (dry weight) of CdCl2, 12 days–short-term exposure; Cd2–animals cultured in a horticultural soil supplemented with 80 mg/kg (dry weight) of CdCl2, 45 days–long-term exposure. The midgut was isolated from each specimen and it was prepared for analysis using some histological, histochemical and immunohistochemical methods. Our studies showed that short-term intoxication causes intensification of autophagy and digestion of reserve material, while long-term exposure to this heavy metal causes activation of cell death processes together with inhibition of autophagy connected with the lack of reserve material. Additionally, we can infer that autophagy and cell death are nutrient deprivation-induced processes. Finally, we can conclude that short- and long-term exposure of soil centipede to cadmium affects different mechanisms and processes of cell death. © 2020, © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.},

note = {9},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85065662274,

title = {Characterisation of white and yellow eye colour mutant strains of house cricket, Acheta domesticus},

author = { J. Francikowski and M. Krzyżowski and B. Kochańska and M. Potrzebska and B. Baran and Ł. Chajec and A.Z. Urbisz and K. Małota and B. Łozowski and M. Kloc and J. Kubiak},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85065662274&doi=10.1371%2fJOURNAL.PONE.0216281&partnerID=40&md5=f7c1822cf373b0ac1bceaf810a30d257},

doi = {10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0216281},

issn = {19326203},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {PLoS ONE},

volume = {14},

number = {5},

publisher = {Public Library of Science},

abstract = {Two eye-colour mutant strains, white (W) and yellow (Y) of house cricket Acheta domesticus were established in our laboratory. We phenotyped and genotyped the mutants, performed genetic crossings and studied the eye structure and pigment composition using light and electron microscopy and biochemical analysis. We show that W and Y phenotypes are controlled by a single autosomal recessive allele, as both traits are metabolically independent. The analysis of the mutants'eye structure showed a reduced number of dark pigment granules while simultaneously, and an increased amount of light vacuoles in white eye mutants was observed. Significant differences in eye pigment composition between strains were also found. The Y mutant had a lower number of ommochromes, while the W mutant had a lower number of ommochromes and pteridines. This indicates that mutated genes are involved in two different, independent metabolic pathways regulating tryptophan metabolism enzymes, pigment transporter granules or pigment granule formation. Copyright: © 2019 Francikowski et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.},

note = {5},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85048889878,

title = {5-Azacitidine induces cell death in a tissue culture of brachypodium distachyon},

author = { A. Betekhtin and A. Milewska-Hendel and Ł. Chajec and M. Rojek-Jelonek and K. Nowak and J. Kwaśniewska and E.A. Wolny and E.U. Kurczyńska and R. Hasterok},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85048889878&doi=10.3390%2fijms19061806&partnerID=40&md5=72a6b817774ef0346f00f6530b07a6ac},

doi = {10.3390/ijms19061806},

issn = {16616596},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Molecular Sciences},

volume = {19},

number = {6},

publisher = {MDPI AG},

abstract = {Morphological and histological observations revealed that, at a concentration of 50 µM, 5-azacitidine (5-azaC) totally inhibited the induction of embryogenic masses (EM), while the cultivation of explants (zygotic embryos; ZEs) in the presence of 5 µM of 5-azaC led to the formation of a callus with EM in 10% of the cases. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyzes revealed the presence of the morphological and ultrastructural features that are typical for the vacuolar type of cell death in the callus cells that were treated. A TUNEL assay confirmed the presence of DNA double-strand breaks for the callus cells that had been treated with both 5 and 50 µM 5-azaC concentrations. Analysis of the gene expression of selected cell death markers demonstrated a reduced expression of metacaspase, protein executer 1 (EX1), and thioredoxin (TRX) in the callus cells that had been treated compared to the control culture. The strongest increase in the gene activity was characteristic for glutathione S-transferase (GST). Our studies also included an analysis of the distribution of some arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) and extensin epitopes, which can be used as markers of cells that are undergoing death in a Brachypodium distachyon tissue culture. © 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.},

note = {14},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85047101002,

title = {The ovary organization in the marine limnodriloidin Thalassodrilides cf. briani (Annelida: Clitellata: Naididae) resembles the ovary of freshwater tubificins},

author = { A.Z. Urbisz and Ł. Chajec and M. Ito and K. Ito},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85047101002&doi=10.1016%2fj.zool.2018.05.004&partnerID=40&md5=4243bf3fefc68caabe2bec53cda23646},

doi = {10.1016/j.zool.2018.05.004},

issn = {09442006},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Zoology},

volume = {128},

pages = {16-26},

publisher = {Elsevier GmbH},

abstract = {In Thalassodrilides cf. briani, the paired ovaries are inconspicuous and polarized structures with developmental gradient of germ cells along their long axis. The about 300 germ cells in the ovary are consolidated into one syncytial cyst and each cell is connected to a common and branched mass of cytoplasm via one stable cytoplasmic bridge. The germ cells differentiate their fate into nurse cells and oocytes. Only one oocyte grows in a given time; it gathers cell organelles and yolk and then it detaches from the gonad. Nurse cells appear to support oocytes development by providing with at least cell organelles. Such observations suggest ovary meroism. T. cf. briani, belonging to limnodriloidin naidids, has the same ovary organization as the representatives of tubificin naidids studied to date. This supports the concept of sister-group relations between Limnodriloidinae and Tubificinae. A similar ovary morphology is also known in several other groups of “microdrile” oligochaetes, which shows that this ovary type is the most widespread among this taxa. Moreover, living in marine or brackish-water sediments, T. cf. briani do not show any significant differences in their ovary structure and oogenesis with freshwater tubificins. This indicates its conservative character independent of the animal life environment. © 2018 Elsevier GmbH},

note = {10},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85042854293,

title = {Organ and tissue-specific localisation of selected cell wall epitopes in the zygotic embryo of Brachypodium distachyon},

author = { A. Betekhtin and A. Milewska-Hendel and J. Lusinska and Ł. Chajec and E.U. Kurczyńska and R. Hasterok},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85042854293&doi=10.3390%2fijms19030725&partnerID=40&md5=f697b77194807b245593766f2c341404},

doi = {10.3390/ijms19030725},

issn = {16616596},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Molecular Sciences},

volume = {19},

number = {3},

publisher = {MDPI AG},

abstract = {The plant cell wall shows a great diversity regarding its chemical composition, which may vary significantly even during different developmental stages. In this study, we analysed the distribution of several cell wall epitopes in embryos of Brachypodium distachyon (Brachypodium). We also described the variations in the nucleus shape and the number of nucleoli that occurred in some embryo cells. The use of transmission electron microscopy, and histological and immunolocalisation techniques permitted the distribution of selected arabinogalactan proteins, extensins, pectins, and hemicelluloses on the embryo surface, internal cell compartments, and in the context of the cell wall ultrastructure to be demonstrated. We revealed that the majority of arabinogalactan proteins and extensins were distributed on the cell surface and that pectins were the main component of the seed coat and other parts, such as the mesocotyl cell walls and the radicula. Hemicelluloses were localised in the cell wall and outside of the radicula protodermis, respectively. The specific arrangement of those components may indicate their significance during embryo development and seed germination, thus suggesting the importance of their protective functions. Despite the differences in the cell wall composition, we found that some of the antibodies can be used as markers to identify specific cells and the parts of the developing Brachypodium embryo. © 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.},

note = {12},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85034632796,

title = {Micromorphology of ovaries and oogenesis in Grania postclitellochaeta (Clitellata: Enchytraeidae)},

author = { P. Świątek and P. de Wit and X. Unrecognized and Ł. Chajec and A.Z. Urbisz},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85034632796&doi=10.1016%2fj.zool.2017.11.004&partnerID=40&md5=07b1b2c94e7194ec2a2afefdff5487d9},

doi = {10.1016/j.zool.2017.11.004},

issn = {09442006},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Zoology},

volume = {126},

pages = {119-127},

publisher = {Elsevier GmbH},

abstract = {The genus Grania comprises over 70 species of exclusively marine clitellate annelids belonging to the family Enchytraeidae. Morphologically, this genus is well separated from other enchytraeids, with thick cuticles, anterior segments I–IV fused into a “head”, chaetal bundles consisting only of one stout chaeta, and reduction of circular musculature. The aim of the present study is to describe the ovary organization and the course of oogenesis in Grania postclitellochaeta, and to compare it with other known systems of ovary organization and oogenesis in clitellate annelids, especially in enchytraeids. Generally, oogenesis in G. postclitellochaeta can be divided into two phases: (i) early stages of oogenesis, occurring within the paired ovaries − each ovary is similar to a bunch of grapes, where each ‘lobe’ is a germ-line cyst enveloped by flat somatic cells, and (ii) oogenesis proper, which takes place within the body lumen where each growing oocyte is accompanied by its own group of nurse cells. Germ cells are interconnected by cytoplasmic channels (intercellular bridges; ring canals) and form syncytial cysts. As in other clitellate annelids, the cyst center contains a common cytoplasm (cytophore) to which each cell is connected by one ring canal only. Initially, within the ovary, all interconnected cells develop synchronously and are morphologically similar. At the time when the cysts detach from the ovary, one of the interconnected cells begins to gather nutrients, grows and becomes an oocyte, whereas the rest of the cells (nurse cells) do not continue meiosis and instead seem to provide the oocyte with macromolecules and cell organelles. Analysis of serial sections reveals that cysts are always composed of 16 cells − one oocyte and fifteen nurse cells. A comparative analysis showed that almost all features of oogenesis in G. postclitellochaeta are similar to that in other representatives of Enchytraeidae (mainly Enchytraeus albidus), suggesting evolutionary conservation of the process across this family. © 2017 Elsevier GmbH},

note = {11},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85018650559,

title = {Ovaries of the white worm (Enchytraeus albidus, Annelida, Clitellata) are composed of 16-celled meroistic germ-line cysts},

author = { A.Z. Urbisz and Ł. Chajec and A.J. Brąszewska-Zalewska and J. Kubrakiewicz and P. Świątek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85018650559&doi=10.1016%2fj.ydbio.2017.04.009&partnerID=40&md5=335b711be43689e8276747bd0ec658e1},

doi = {10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.04.009},

issn = {00121606},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Developmental Biology},

volume = {426},

number = {1},

pages = {28-42},

publisher = {Academic Press Inc.},

abstract = {The paired ovaries of E. albidus are like a bunch of grapes and are composed of clearly separated units, syncytial germ cysts (clusters), which are surrounded by a thin layer of somatic cells. Each cyst maintains the connection with the ovary by an extended stalk that is composed of somatic cells. The spatial architecture of the germ-line cysts found in E. albidus is the same as in other clitellate annelids that have been studied to date. As a rule, germ cells are located at the cyst periphery and each has only one ring canal that connects it to the common and centrally located cytoplasmic mass, the cytophore. Here we present data about the F-actin and microtubular cytoskeleton and some molecular components of the germ-line cysts. We show that the ring canals have an inner rim that is enriched with microfilaments and proteins that contain phosphotyrosine. The microtubules form a loose network in the cytoplasm of the oocyte and nurse cells; moreover, some of them pass through the ring canals to the cytophore. Numerous microtubules are also located in the somatic cells. The germ-line cysts in E. albidus ovaries consist of 16 cells, which is the lowest known number of interconnected germ cells within clitellate annelids. During oogenesis, the fate of interconnected germ cells differentiates and only one cell develops as the future egg, while the other 15 become nurse cells. This differentiation means ovary meroism. The nurse cells gather cell organelles and storage material that then pass through the ring canals and cytophore moving towards the growing oocyte. At the end of oogenesis, the vitellogenic oocyte surrounds the siblings’ cells together with the cytophore and engulfs their remnants into the ooplasm. No morphological or molecular markers of the apoptosis of the nurse cells were found. Moreover, the nurse cells did not undergo polyploidisation. The measured DNA level was 4 C, which indicates that these cells are not highly-specialised. © 2017 Elsevier Inc.},

note = {19},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84988733639,

title = {The structure of the desiccated Richtersius coronifer (Richters, 1903)},

author = { M. Czerneková and K.I. Jönsson and Ł. Chajec and S. Student and I. Poprawa},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84988733639&doi=10.1007%2fs00709-016-1027-2&partnerID=40&md5=62cbfabb0d8adefb6e74414e16f59f10},

doi = {10.1007/s00709-016-1027-2},

issn = {0033183X},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Protoplasma},

volume = {254},

number = {3},

pages = {1367-1377},

publisher = {Springer-Verlag Wien},

abstract = {Tun formation is an essential morphological adaptation for entering the anhydrobiotic state in tardigrades, but its internal structure has rarely been investigated. We present the structure and ultrastructure of organs and cells in desiccated Richtersius coronifer by transmission and scanning electron microscopy, confocal microscopy, and histochemical methods. A 3D reconstruction of the body organization of the tun stage is also presented. The tun formation during anhydrobiosis of tardigrades is a process of anterior-posterior body contraction, which relocates some organs such as the pharyngeal bulb. The cuticle is composed of epicuticle, intracuticle and procuticle; flocculent coat; and trilaminate layer. Moulting does not seem to restrict the tun formation, as evidenced from tardigrade tuns that were in the process of moulting. The storage cells of desiccated specimens filled up the free inner space and surrounded internal organs, such as the ovary and digestive system, which were contracted. All cells (epidermal cells; storage cells; ovary cells; cells of the digestive system) underwent shrinkage, and their cytoplasm was electron dense. Lipids and polysaccharides dominated among reserve material of storage cells, while the amount of protein was small. The basic morphology of specific cell types and organelles did not differ between active and anhydrobiotic R. coronifer. © 2016, Springer-Verlag Wien.},

note = {13},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84939224040,

title = {Apoptosis and necrosis during the circadian cycle in the centipede midgut},

author = { M.M. Rost-Roszkowska and Ł. Chajec and J. Vilimová and K. Tajovský},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84939224040&doi=10.1007%2fs00709-015-0864-8&partnerID=40&md5=848e60189ffaad598a41ed16df2e8f7c},

doi = {10.1007/s00709-015-0864-8},

issn = {0033183X},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Protoplasma},

volume = {253},

number = {4},

pages = {1051-1061},

publisher = {Springer-Verlag Wien},

abstract = {Three types of cells have been distinguished in the midgut epithelium of two centipedes, Lithobius forficatus and Scolopendra cingulata: digestive, secretory, and regenerative cells. According to the results of our previous studies, we decided to analyze the relationship between apoptosis and necrosis in their midgut epithelium and circadian rhythms. Ultrastructural analysis showed that these processes proceed in a continuous manner that is independent of the circadian rhythm in L. forficatus, while in S. cingulata necrosis is activated at midnight. Additionally, the description of apoptosis and necrosis showed no differences between males and females of both species analyzed. At the beginning of apoptosis, the cell cytoplasm becomes electron-dense, apparently in response to shrinkage of the cell. Organelles such as the mitochondria, cisterns of endoplasmic reticulum transform and degenerate. Nuclei gradually assume lobular shapes before the apoptotic cell is discharged into the midgut lumen. During necrosis, however, the cytoplasm of the cell becomes electron-lucent, and the number of organelles decreases. While the digestive cells of about 10 % of L. forficatus contain rickettsia-like pathogens, the corresponding cells in S. cingulata are free of rickettsia. As a result, we can state that apoptosis in L. forficatus is presumably responsible for protecting the organism against infections, while in S. cingulata apoptosis is not associated with the elimination of pathogens. Necrosis is attributed to mechanical damage, and the activation of this process coincides with proliferation of the midgut regenerative cells at midnight in S. cingulata. © 2015, Springer-Verlag Wien.},

note = {9},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84930658502,

title = {The ovary of Tubifex tubifex (Clitellata, Naididae, Tubificinae) is composed of one, huge germ-line cyst that is enriched with cytoskeletal components},

author = { A.Z. Urbisz and Ł. Chajec and P. Świątek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84930658502&doi=10.1371%2fjournal.pone.0126173&partnerID=40&md5=364f871ae73b8dc8e3876c1aebb06e75},

doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0126173},

issn = {19326203},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {PLoS ONE},

volume = {10},

number = {5},

publisher = {Public Library of Science},

abstract = {Recent studies on the ovary organization and oogenesis in Tubificinae have revealed that their ovaries are small polarized structures that are composed of germ cells in subsequent stages of oogenesis that are associated with somatic cells. In syncytial cysts, as a rule, each germ cell is connected to the central cytoplasmic mass, the cytophore, via only one stable intercellular bridge (ring canal). In this paper we present detailed data about the composition of germ-line cysts in Tubifex tubifex with special emphasis on the occurrence and distribution of the cytoskeletal elements. Using fixed material and live cell imaging techniques, we found that the entire ovary of T. tubifex is composed of only one, huge multicellular germ-line cyst, which may contain up to 2,600 cells. Its architecture is broadly similar to the cysts that are found in other clitellate annelids, i.e. a common, anuclear cytoplasmic mass in the center of the cyst and germ cells that are connected to it via intercellular bridges. The cytophore in the T. tubifex cyst extends along the long axis of the ovary in the form of elongated and branched cytoplasmic strands. Rhodamine-coupled phalloidin staining revealed that the prominent strands of actin filaments occur inside the cytophore. Similar to the cytophore, F-actin strands are branched and they are especially well developed in the middle and outermost parts of the ovary. Microfilaments are also present in the ring canals that connect the germ cells with the cytophore in the narrow end of the ovary. Using Tubulin-Tracker, we found that the microtubules form a prominent network of loosely and evenly distributed tubules inside the cytophore as well as in every germ cell. The well-developed cytoskeletal elements in T. tubifex ovary seem to ensure the integrity of such a huge germline cyst of complex (germ cells - ring canals - cytophore) organization. A comparison between the cysts that are described here and other well-known female germ-line cysts is also made. © 2015 Urbisz et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.},

note = {14},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84930651291,

title = {Structure and ultrastructure of the endodermal region of the alimentary tract in the freshwater shrimp Neocaridina heteropoda (Crustacea, Malacostraca)},

author = { L. Sonakowska and A. Włodarczyk and I. Poprawa and M. Binkowski and J. ͆róbka and K. Kamińska and M. Kszuk-Jendrysik and Ł. Chajec and B. Zajusz and M.M. Rost-Roszkowska},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84930651291&doi=10.1371%2fjournal.pone.0126900&partnerID=40&md5=35407371799f653f6f724110b7a59dbe},

doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0126900},

issn = {19326203},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {PLoS ONE},

volume = {10},

number = {5},

publisher = {Public Library of Science},

abstract = {The freshwater shrimp Neocaridina heteropoda (Crustacea; Malacostraca; Decapoda) originates from Asia and is one of the species that is widely available all over the world because it is the most popular shrimp that is bred in aquaria. The structure and the ultrastructure of the midgut have been described using X-ray microtomography, transmission electron microscopy, light and fluorescence microscopes. The endodermal region of the alimentary system in N. heteropoda consists of an intestine and a hepatopancreas. No differences were observed in the structure and ultrastructure of males and females of the shrimp that were examined. The intestine is a tube-shaped organ and the hepatopancreas is composed of two large diverticles that are divided into the blind-end tubules. Hepatopancreatic tubules have three distinct zones - proximal, medial and distal. Among the epithelial cells of the intestine, two types of cells were distinguished - D and E-cells, while three types of cells were observed in the epithelium of the hepatopancreas - F, B and E-cells. Our studies showed that the regionalization in the activity of cells occurs along the length of the hepatopancreatic tubules. The role and ultrastructure of all types of epithelial cells are discussed, with the special emphasis on the function of the E-cells, which are the midgut regenerative cells. Additionally, we present the first report on the existence of an intercellular junction that is connected with the E-cells of Crustacea. © 2015 Sonakowska et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.},

note = {25},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84944458224,

title = {Does autophagy in the midgut epithelium of centipedes depend on the day/night cycle?},

author = { M.M. Rost-Roszkowska and Ł. Chajec and J. Vilimová and K. Tajovský and M. Kszuk-Jendrysik},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84944458224&doi=10.1016%2fj.micron.2014.10.003&partnerID=40&md5=121ae07d2f9f942845b0ecd3f97f2a27},

doi = {10.1016/j.micron.2014.10.003},

issn = {09684328},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Micron},

volume = {68},

pages = {130-139},

publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},

abstract = {The midgut epithelium of two centipedes, Lithobius forficatus and Scolopendra cingulata, is composed of digestive, secretory and regenerative cells. In L. forficatus, the autophagy occurred only in the cytoplasm of the digestive cells as a sporadic process, while in S. cingulata, it occurred intensively in the digestive, secretory and regenerative cells of the midgut epithelium. In both of the species that were analyzed, this process proceeded in a continuous manner and did not depend on the day/night cycle. Ultrastructural analysis showed that the autophagosomes and autolysosomes were located mainly in the apical and perinuclear cytoplasm of the digestive cells in L. forficatus. However, in S. cingulata, the entire cytoplasm was filled with autophagosomes and autolysosomes. Initially the membranes of phagophores surround organelles during autophagosome formation. Autolysosomes result from the fusion of autophagosomes and lysosomes. Residual bodies which are the last stage of autophagy were released into the midgut lumen due to necrosis. Autophagy in the midgut epithelia that were analyzed was confirmed using acid phosphatase and mono-dansyl-cadaverine stainings. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.},

note = {14},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84923205361,

title = {The ultrastructure of the midgut epithelium in millipedes (Myriapoda, Diplopoda)},

author = { A. Sosinka and M.M. Rost-Roszkowska and J. Vilimová and K. Tajovský and M. Kszuk-Jendrysik and Ł. Chajec and L. Sonakowska and K. Kamińska and M. Hyra and I. Poprawa},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84923205361&doi=10.1016%2fj.asd.2014.06.005&partnerID=40&md5=031bc4c9e5c7c026a821e76da1ca47ce},

doi = {10.1016/j.asd.2014.06.005},

issn = {14678039},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-01-01},

journal = {Arthropod Structure and Development},

volume = {43},

number = {5},

pages = {477-492},

publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},

abstract = {The midgut epithelia of the millipedes Polyxenus lagurus, Archispirostreptus gigas and Julus scandinavius were analyzed under light and transmission electron microscopies. In order to detect the proliferation of regenerative cells, labeling with BrdU and antibodies against phosphohistone H3 were employed. A tube-shaped midgut of three millipedes examined spreads along the entire length of the middle region of the body. The epithelium is composed of digestive, secretory and regenerative cells. The digestive cells are responsible for the accumulation of metals and the reserve material as well as the synthesis of substances, which are then secreted into the midgut lumen. The secretions are of three types - merocrine, apocrine and microapocrine. The oval or pear-like shaped secretory cells do not come into contact with the midgut lumen and represent the closed type of secretory cells. They possess many electron-dense granules (. J.scandinavius) or electron-dense granules and electron-lucent vesicles (. A.gigas; P.lagurus), which are accompanied by cisterns of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. The regenerative cells are distributed individually among the basal regions of the digestive cells. The proliferation and differentiation of regenerative cells into the digestive cells occurred in J.scandinavius and A.gigas, while these processes were not observed in P.lagurus. As a resultof the mitotic division of regenerative cells, one of the newly formed cells fulfills the role of a regenerative cell, while the second one differentiates into a digestive cell. We concluded that regenerative cells play the role of unipotent midgut stem cells. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.},

note = {25},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84892978126,

title = {The fine structure of the midgut epithelium in a centipede, Scolopendra cingulata (Chilopoda, Scolopendridae), with the special emphasis on epithelial regeneration},

author = { Ł. Chajec and L. Sonakowska and M.M. Rost-Roszkowska},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84892978126&doi=10.1016%2fj.asd.2013.06.002&partnerID=40&md5=8c7ef73411321f19b362f93aae94cf13},

doi = {10.1016/j.asd.2013.06.002},

issn = {14678039},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-01-01},

journal = {Arthropod Structure and Development},

volume = {43},

number = {1},

pages = {27-42},

abstract = {Scolopendra cingulata has a tube-shaped digestive system that is divided into three distinct regions: fore-, mid- and hindgut. The midgut is lined with a pseudostratified columnar epithelium which is composed of digestive, secretory and regenerative cells. Hemocytes also appear between the digestive cells of the midgut epithelium. The ultrastructure of three types of epithelial cells and hemocytes of the midgut has been described with the special emphasis on the role of regenerative cells in the protection of midgut epithelium. The process of midgut epithelium regeneration proceeds due to the ability of regenerative cells to proliferate and differentiate according to a circadian rhythm. The regenerative cells serve as unipotent stem cells that divide in an asymmetric manner.Additionally, two types of hemocytes have been distinguished among midgut epithelial cells. They enter the midgut epithelium from the body cavity. Because of the fact that numerous microorganisms occur in the cytoplasm of midgut epithelial cells, we discuss the role of hemocytes in elimination of pathogens from the midgut epithelium. The studies were conducted with the use of transmission electron microscope and immunofluorescent methods. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.},

note = {17},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84862319702,

title = {Ultrastructure and regeneration of midgut epithelial cells in Lithobius forficatus (Chilopoda, Lithobiidae)},

author = { Ł. Chajec and M.M. Rost-Roszkowska and J. Vilimová and A. Sosinka},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84862319702&doi=10.1111%2fj.1744-7410.2012.00264.x&partnerID=40&md5=5abb432b567a5d771b5bf86d35719751},

doi = {10.1111/j.1744-7410.2012.00264.x},

issn = {10778306},

year  = {2012},

date = {2012-01-01},

journal = {Invertebrate Biology},

volume = {131},

number = {2},

pages = {119-132},

abstract = {Lithobius forficatus (Myriapoda; Chilopoda; Lithobiidae) is a widespread species of centipede that is common across Europe. Its midgut epithelial cells are an important line of defense against toxic substances that originate in food, such as pathogens and metals. Despite this important role, the biology of the midgut epithelium is not well known. Here we describe the ultrastructure of the midgut epithelium, as well as the replacement of degenerated midgut epithelial cells. The midgut epithelium of L. forficatus is composed of digestive, secretory, and regenerative cells. The cytoplasm of digestive cells shows regionalization in organelle distribution, which is consistent with the role of these cells in secretion of enzymes, absorption of nutrients, and accumulation of lipids and glycogen. Secretory cells, which do not reach the luminal surface of the midgut epithelium, possess numerous electron-dense and electron-lucent granules and may have an endocrine function. Hemidesmosomes anchor secretory cells to the basal lamina. Regenerative cells play the role of midgut stem cells, as they are able to proliferate and differentiate. Their proliferation occurs in a continuous manner, and their progeny differentiate only into digestive cells. The regeneration of secretory cells was not observed. Mitotic divisions of regenerative cells were confirmed using immunolabeling against BrdU and phosphohistone H3. Hemocytes associate with the midgut epithelium, accumulating between the visceral muscles and beneath the basal lamina of the midgut epithelium. Hemocytes also occur among the digestive cells of the midgut epithelium in animals infected with Rickettsia-like microorganisms. These hemocytes presumably have an immunoprotective function in the midgut. © 2012 The American Microscopical Society, Inc.},

note = {20},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-77957762715,

title = {Fine structure of the midgut epithelium of nicoletia phytophila gervais, 1844 (Zygentoma: Nicoletiidae: Nicoletiinae) with special emphasis on its degeneration},

author = { M.M. Rost-Roszkowska and J. Vilimová and Ł. Chajec},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77957762715&doi=10.3409%2ffb58_3-4.217-227&partnerID=40&md5=0120af7b4b6d14185cde22aca75275a9},

doi = {10.3409/fb58_3-4.217-227},

issn = {00155497},

year  = {2010},

date = {2010-01-01},

journal = {Folia Biologica},

volume = {58},

number = {3-4},

pages = {217-227},

abstract = {The midgut epithelium of Nicoletia phytophila is composed of columnar digestive cells and regenerative cells that form regenerative nests. The cytoplasm of midgut epithelial cells shows typical regionalization in organelle distribution. Two types of regenerative cells have been distinguished: cells which are able to divide intensively and cells which differentiate. Spot desmosomes have been observed between neighboring regenerative cells. The occurrence of intercellular junctions is discussed. Themidgut epitheliumdegenerates both in an apoptotic and necrotic way. Necrosis proceeds during each molting period (cyclic manner), while apoptosis occurs between each molting, when the midgut epithelium is responsible for e.g. digestion. These processes of epithelium degeneration are described at the ultrastructural level. Our studies not only add new information about fine structure of the midgut epithelium of N. phytophila, but contribute to resolving the relationships within the Zygentoma. There are no doubts about the very close sister position of Nicoletiidae and Ateluridae. The midgut epithelium characters confirm their close relationship. However we do not recommend classifying the atelurid genera only within Nicoletiidae: Nicoletiinae.},

note = {8},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-77956488408,

title = {Fine structure of the midgut epithelium of Atelura formicaria (Hexapoda: Zygentoma: Ateluridae), with special reference to its regeneration and degeneration},

author = { M.M. Rost-Roszkowska and J. Vilimová and Ł. Chajec},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77956488408&partnerID=40&md5=58f419c2204aadc7e57fbe6ef058f668},

issn = {10215506},

year  = {2010},

date = {2010-01-01},

journal = {Zoological Studies},

volume = {49},

number = {1},

pages = {10-18},

abstract = {Atelura formicaria belongs to a basal hexapod group, the Zygentoma. Its midgut epithelium is composed of epithelial cells, which are responsible for digestion, secretion, and absorption, and regenerative cells, which form regenerative nests. The midgut epithelium ultrastructure was compared to that described for other zygentoman groups, the Lepismatidae, and the Archaeognatha, a group closely related to the Zygentoma. Among regenerative cells, we distinguished midgut stem cells (resting regenerative cells), which are able to proliferate and differentiate, and differentiating regenerative cells. Just before mitotic division in the cytoplasm of stem cells, many cisterns of endoplasmic reticulum and electrondense granules appear. During mitosis, the electron-dense granules are still present, but are not visible in the resting regenerative cells. A morphological sign of midgut stem cell differentiation is the accumulation of mitochondria just above the nuclei. They gradually assume characteristic features of epithelial cells during elongation toward the midgut lumen. Proliferation and differentiation of regenerative cells are caused by processes of degeneration (apoptosis and necrosis), which intensively occur in the midgut epithelium of A.formicaria.},

note = {18},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}