@article{2-s2.0-85180009067,

title = {Multi-proxy record of the mid-Maastrichtian event in the European Chalk Sea: Paleoceanographic implications},

author = { Z. Dubicka and Z. Saati-Santamaría and M.J. Bojanowski and M. Rakociński and I. Walaszczyk and N.R. Thibault},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85180009067&doi=10.1016%2fj.gr.2023.11.010&partnerID=40&md5=e23ada9530fb2fe520b64f63e311cae0},

doi = {10.1016/j.gr.2023.11.010},

issn = {1342937X},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {Gondwana Research},

volume = {129},

pages = {1-22},

publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},

abstract = {The Cretaceous provides us with an excellent case history of ocean-climate-biota system perturbations. Such perturbations occurred several times during the Cretaceous, such as oceanic anoxic events and the end-Cretaceous mass extinction, which have been the subject of an abundant literature. Other perturbations, such as the mid-Maastrichtian Event (MME) remain poorly understood. The MME was associated with global sea-level rise, changes in climate and deep-water circulation that were accompanied by biotic extinctions including ‘true inoceramids’ and the demise of the Caribbean-Tethyan rudist reef ecosystems. So far, the context and causes behind the MME remain poorly studied. We conducted high-resolution integrated biotic, petrological and geochemical studies in order to fill this knowledge gap. We studied, in particular, carbonate Nd and Os isotopes, whole-rock Hg, C and N content, C and N isotopes in organic matter, S isotopes in carbonate-associated sulfate, along with C and O isotopes in foraminifera from the European Chalk Sea: the Polanówka UW-1 core from Poland and the Stevns-1 core from Denmark. Our data showed that sea-level rise of ∼50–100 m lasted around ∼2 Ma and co-occurred with anomalously high mercury concentration in seawater. Along with previously published data, our results strongly suggest that the MME was driven by intense volcanic–tectonic activity, likely related to the production of vast oceanic plateaus (LIP; Large Igneous Province). The collapse of reef ecosystems could have been the consequence of LIP-related environmental stress factors, including climate warming, presumably caused by emission of greenhouse gases, modification of the oceanic circulation, oceanic acidification and/or toxic metal input. The disappearance of the foraminifer Stensioeina lineage on the European shelf was likely caused by the collapse of primary production triggered by sea-level rise and limited amount of nutrient input. Nd isotopes and foraminiferal assemblages attest for changes in sea-water circulation in the European Shelf and the increasing contribution of North Atlantic water masses. © 2023 The Authors},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85180523799,

title = {Middle Devonian brachiopod-hosted sclerobiont assemblage from the southern shelf of Laurussia, Holy Cross Mountains, Poland},

author = { A. Brychcy and M. Zatoń and R. Nawrot and A.T. Halamski and M. Rakociński},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85180523799&doi=10.18261%2flet.56.4.3&partnerID=40&md5=7e66081604e5114f2208e463abb53819},

doi = {10.18261/let.56.4.3},

issn = {00241164},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Lethaia},

volume = {56},

number = {4},

publisher = {Scandinavian University Press},

abstract = {Brachiopod shells coming from the Middle Devonian (latest Eifelian ensensis cono-dont Zone) offshore marly shales deposited on the south-eastern shelf of the Laurussia and cropping out at Skały locality (Holy Cross Mountains; Poland), were investigated with respect to encrusting and bioeroding organisms. These sclerobionts colonized the shells during a time of global warming and eustatic sea-level rise related to the Kačák event. The sclerobiont assemblage is diverse and dominated by colonial ascodictyids and bryozoans, as well as foraminifers, followed by Clionolithes traces and other microb-orings. Sphenothallus cnidarians, Orbiculoidea lingulid brachiopods, and Rothpletzella algae, which are rare or entirely absent in other Devonian sclerobiont communities, are present in Skały. Many brachiopods may have been colonized during life, as sug-gested by the growth patterns of their encrusters close to the shell commissure. However, unequivocal evidence in the form of shell malformations induced by sclerobiont growth is mostly lacking. Conversely, preference of sclerobionts for the convex ventral valve of the productide Poloniproductus suggests that colonization of this host took place post-mortem. The taxonomic composition of the assemblage from Skały is most similar to the rugose coral-hosted sclerobiont assemblage from the Givetian of the nearby locality of Miłoszów and the uppermost Eifelian/lowermost Givetian brachiopod-hosted assemblage from northern Gondwana (Mader Basin; Morocco). It is clearly distinct, how-ever, from Middle Devonian assemblages from the western part of Laurussia (USA) and South China craton. The compositions of the studied sclerobiont assemblages primary reflect specific local habitat conditions and thus their palaeobiogeographic comparisons are still difficult. However, the reliability of such large-scale analyses can be improved by focusing on sclerobiont assemblages hosted by similar groups of organisms and integrating them with well resolved palaeoceanographic reconstructions, as in the case of the Skały and Moroccan assemblages. © 2023 Author(s).},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85163293211,

title = {Redox changes and mercury signature during the Lower Alum Shale Event (mid-Tournaisian, Mississippian) in the Rhenish Massif: Implications for oxygenation history and volcanism in southern Laurussian shelf and Palaeotethys Ocean},

author = { M. Rakociński and J. Kucharczyk and A. Pisarzowska and M. Zatoń and L. Marynowski and S. Hartenfels and R.T. Becker},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85163293211&doi=10.1016%2fj.gloplacha.2023.104165&partnerID=40&md5=5558e8953a75ef0bd1c7fda4d05c3786},

doi = {10.1016/j.gloplacha.2023.104165},

issn = {09218181},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Global and Planetary Change},

volume = {227},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {The mid-Tournaisian Event, also called the Lower Alum Shale Event (LASE), was a global anoxic event that occurred ca. 355 Ma ago. This event is connected to drastic facies changes from pelagic carbonate sedimentation to widespread black organic-rich siliceous shales and radiolarites in many parts of the world. For the first time, high-resolution inorganic geochemistry and framboidal pyrite analyses were applied to decipher depositional condition changes during the mid-Tournaisian anoxic event in the Rhenish Massif, then situated on southern shelf of the Laurussia continent. The lower and middle parts of the LASE interval in the study area were deposited under anoxic conditions at the bottom and water column, while the upper part was deposited under restricted but better‑oxygenated conditions. Additionally, a minor Hg anomaly was found during the LASE deposition in the Rhenish Massif, confirming volcanic overprint during the event. The scenario of palaeoenvironmental changes obtained in the Rhenish Massif is compared to other areas where the LASE was recorded and studied, providing a wider, panregional picture of changes in marine settings during that important Mississippian event. The results obtained in the present study show that the conditions during the LASE in pelagic settings were not uniform, with variable bottom-water oxygenation and different proximity and influence of volcanic activities. The numerous regional magmatic centers are considered as potentially responsible for the drastic depositional changes at a local scale and the bioproductivity increase at the global scale. However, their total contribution caused the climatic turnover responsible for the Gondwana deglaciation and resultant global transgression leading to development of anoxia in many parts of the world during this mid-Tournaisian anoxic event. © 2023 Elsevier B.V.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85147859302,

title = {Weak and intermittent anoxia during the mid-Tournaisian (Mississippian) anoxic event in the Montagne Noire, France},

author = { M. Rakociński and D. Książak and A. Pisarzowska and M. Zatoń and M. Aretz},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85147859302&doi=10.1017%2fS0016756822001297&partnerID=40&md5=7f1fdb23cd4ed310b9a6185aed5723b9},

doi = {10.1017/S0016756822001297},

issn = {00167568},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

urldate = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Geological Magazine},

volume = {160},

number = {5},

pages = {831-854},

publisher = {Cambridge University Press},

abstract = {The mid-Tournaisian black radiolarian cherts of the Lydiennes Formation are exposed in deep-shelf successions of the Puech de la Suque and Col des Tribes sections of the Mont Peyroux Nappe area in the Montagne Noire, southern France. This interval represents the mid-Tournaisian anoxic event that is also termed the Lower Alum Shale Event. This event is associated with a global marine transgression that was characterized by increased productivity and drastic facies changes from pelagic carbonate sedimentation to the widespread deposition of black organic-rich siliceous shales and radiolarites in many parts of the world. In the present study, high-resolution inorganic geochemistry and framboidal pyrite analyses were employed to decipher changes in depositional conditions during the mid-Tournaisian anoxic event in the Montagne Noire. The results show that the total organic carbon contents of sediments associated with the Lower Alum Shale Event vary from 0.09 to 1.9 wt %. These low to moderate total organic carbon contents, high U/Th, low Corg/P and intermediate V/Cr ratios, enrichment in redox-sensitive trace elements, such as U, Mo and V, as well as varying sizes of pyrite framboids, indicate periodic dysoxic to anoxic bottom-water conditions during deposition of the studied sediments. Anomalous Hg spikes (>500 ppb) are also reported in the mid-Tournaisian deep-water marine succession of the Montagne Noire in the present study, which confirm a possible influence of increased regional volcanic activity during this environmental turnover. © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press.},

note = {3},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85146124978,

title = {Tiny inhabitants of a large Middle Devonian reef of northern Gondwana: Sclerobionts of the coral-stromatoporoid Aferdou el Mrakib buildup, eastern Anti-Atlas, Morocco},

author = { M. Zatoń and M. Jakubowicz and J.J. Król and M.K. Zapalski and J. Słowiński and M. Rakociński and B. Berkowski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85146124978&doi=10.1016%2fj.palaeo.2023.111392&partnerID=40&md5=47e2947e46b898e2dc0b6fb111fb0462},

doi = {10.1016/j.palaeo.2023.111392},

issn = {00310182},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology},

volume = {612},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {For the first time, a large number of macrofossils (rugose and tabulate corals; chaetetid sponges and brachiopods) collected from the deposits surrounding a large Middle Devonian (Givetian) reef at Aferdou el Mrakib (Mader Basin; eastern Anti-Atlas; Morocco) were inspected with respect to their sclerobiont assemblages. Although the preservation state of the hosts did not enable us to retrieve precise information on the abundance of the sclerobionts, their general diversity was deciphered and compared to a non-reefal assemblage from the Mader Basin and other reefal assemblages from elsewhere. The sclerobiont inhabitants of the Aferdou el Mrakib reef are diverse, represented by foraminifers, sponges (including stromatoporoids), microconchids, cornulitids, anticalyptraeids, crinoids, brachiopods, rugose and tabulate corals, bryozoans, hederelloids and enigmatic ascodictyids, as well as bioerosion traces after sponges (Clionolithes) and worm organisms (Trypanites borings). Evidently, the diversity of the epibionts is biased toward the robust skeletons, and delicate taxa, such as e.g., ascodictyids and foraminifers, were in most cases taphonomically erased. Additionally, the presence of malformations and bioclaustrations in some of the hosts point to their syn-vivo colonization by now unpreserved mineralized and non-mineralized sclerobionts. Although the sclerobiont assemblages are quite similar on the off-reef rugose corals and reef-front brachiopods, and less diverse on tabulates and chaetetids from the reef-core, when combined together, the whole assemblage shares some similarities with a coeval, non-reef community from the nearby locality of Madène el Mrakib. This pattern may indicate that the sclerobiont species pool was similar to some extent across the Givetian Mader Basin. Circular Oichnus borings, present on some of the brachiopod shells, additionally point to drilling predation and/or parasitism activities in the Aferdou el Mrakib reef habitats. © 2023 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {4},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85140090717,

title = {Geotectonic settings of Variscan explosive volcanism in the light of Famennian tuffites provenance from southern Poland},

author = { A. Pisarzowska and P. Mariusz and K. Kołtonik and B. Budzyń and M. Szczerba and M. Rakociński and J. Sláma and Z. Anna and A. Łaptaś},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85140090717&doi=10.1016%2fj.earscirev.2022.104218&partnerID=40&md5=4fac13815a79ac1fb7f5fce996ae06d1},

doi = {10.1016/j.earscirev.2022.104218},

issn = {00128252},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Earth-Science Reviews},

volume = {234},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {Pyroclastic horizons are common in the middle–upper Famennian carbonate and siliceous successions located near the Rhenohercynian margins of Laurussia and the Variscian Saxothuringian oceanic realm. We present a detailed geochronological, geochemical and mineralogical study of tuffites from three sites in southern Poland: Holy Cross Mountains (Kowala), Kraków–Silesia monocline (Czatkowice; Dębnik anticline), and Sudetes (Bardo; Bardo Mountains). Airborne volcanic ash in Czatkowice was deposited on a shallow carbonate platform, in Kowala in the deeper intrashelf basin and tephra in Bardo in the deep pelagic basin below the carbonate compensation depth. The LA-ICP-MS U-Pb data demonstrate nearly uniform ages of zircon 365.6 ± 2.9 Ma and 363.0 ± 3.5 Ma for Czatkowice samples and monazite 363.4 ± 5.8 Ma and 363.1 ± 4.8 Ma for samples from Czatkowice and Kowala, respectively. Mineralogical and geochemical data showed the occurrence of two groups of Famennian tuffites in southern Poland, which are genetically related to different geotectonic realms. The predominantly rhyolitic–rhyodacitic–dacitic volcanogenic material from Kowala and Czatkowice results from within-plate effusive pyroclastic activity. The basalt–trachyandesite tuffites from Bardo were formed in an active plate margin setting connected with the Gondwana–Laurussia convergence, where processes of subduction and accretion of new crust occurred. The Late Devonian magmatic center belonging to the Pripyat–Dnieper–Donets–Donbas rift could be the most probable proximal source area for volcanic ash deposits in the Holy Cross Mountains and the Kraków–Silesia monocline. More distal sources could be late Devonian rift-related magmatism in the Dacia megaterrane or the Maritime magmatic province. In contrast, the source of the older volcanism generating the pyroclastic plume and deposits in the Bardo Mountain Basin could be related to the eruptive activity in the Moravian–Silesian Zone and/or magmatic centers in some Variscan terranes, which are now incorporated into the Alpine orogen. © 2022 The Authors},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85130342782,

title = {Mercury evidence of intense submarine volcanism and hydrothermal activity during a mid-Tournaisian anoxic event in the Carnic Alps},

author = { M. Rakociński and D. Książak and A. Pisarzowska and L. Marynowski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85130342782&doi=10.1016%2fj.gr.2022.05.004&partnerID=40&md5=d47940ab64ee03be555bc63d488687b8},

doi = {10.1016/j.gr.2022.05.004},

issn = {1342937X},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Gondwana Research},

volume = {109},

pages = {225-238},

publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},

abstract = {The mid-Tournaisian Event, or Lower Alum Shale Event (LASE), is linked to severe facies changes including pelagic carbonates and widespread black siliceous shales and radiolarites in many parts of the world. For the first time, high-resolution inorganic geochemistry and framboidal pyrite analyses were applied to decipher depositional condition changes during the mid-Tournaisian event in the Carnic Alps. The predominance of tiny pyrite framboids, high Corg/P, U/Th, and V/Cr ratios, generally higher enrichments of redox-sensitive metals such as Mo, U, V, and depletion in Mn suggest anoxic/euxinic conditions at the sea bottom. Moreover, we found very large anomalous Hg spikes (with maximum values reaching 3650 ppb) for the first time in the mid-Tournaisian deep-water marine succession of the Carnic Alps. Our results suggest intense volcanism during the LASE, which triggered the mid-Tournaisian anoxic event. The most likely candidate for the observed Hg anomalous contents is submarine arc volcanism and hydrothermal activity connected with the collision of the peri-Gondwanan terranes Paleo-Adria and probably Armorican Terrane Assemblage (ATA) and/or Noric terrane during the first phase of the Variscan orogeny. © 2022 International Association for Gondwana Research},

note = {3},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85127090904,

title = {Middle Devonian brachiopod-hosted sclerobiont assemblage from the northern shelf of Gondwana (Mader Basin, Morocco): Diversity, colonization patterns and relation to coeval palaeocommunities},

author = { M. Zatoń and R. Nawrot and M. Jakubowicz and A. Ernst and M. Rakociński and B. Berkowski and Z. Belka},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85127090904&doi=10.1016%2fj.palaeo.2022.110947&partnerID=40&md5=e1d3fa28d74d56aebc246f3662e8457c},

doi = {10.1016/j.palaeo.2022.110947},

issn = {00310182},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology},

volume = {594},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {Middle Devonian (Eifelian/Givetian transition) brachiopod-hosted sclerobiont assemblage from Gondwana (Morocco; eastern Anti-Atlas; Mader Basin) has been studied for the first time. The analysis of hundreds of brachiopod shells revealed at least 26 sclerobiont taxa, making the studied palaeoecommunity one of the most diverse Middle Devonian sclerobiont assemblage reported to date. The palaeocommunity is dominated by encrusting organisms, in particular bryozoans, foraminifers, ascodictyids and microconchids, whereas bioeroders are represented by Clionolithes and Oichnus ichnospecies. As supported by microfacies, fossil preservation and the presence of encrusting Rothpletzella algae, the sclerobionts developed in a calm, euphotic, offshore marine environment situated below normal wave base. Prevalence of articulated shells without signs of either extensive mineral staining, or taphonomic alteration resulting from hydrodynamic processes, as well as preservation of some delicate encrusters (Vinella; Rothpletzella), indicate that the palaeocommunity did not undergo extensive time-averaging. The hosts were colonized syn vivo, as evidenced by the epibiont growth near the commissure margin, the presence of shell malformations and even embedded auloporid corals and cornulitid tubeworms. Competition for space among sclerobionts was apparently limited, as suggested by the very low number of overgrowth interactions, indicating that the shelly substrate available for colonization was abundant. The presence of the same dominant groups of sclerobionts on different host taxa indicates a lack of species-selectivity by these colonizing sclerobionts. It also suggests that the sclerobiont species pool in the environment was generally similar throughout the deposition of the sampled rock interval. As testified by the host brachiopod and bryozoan species, the sclerobiont assemblage from this locality of northern Gondwana had strong affinities with those from the southern margin of Laurussia, most likely reflecting strong connectivity between these regions provided by the South Equatorial – North Gondwana current system during the late Eifelian Kačák transgressive episode. © 2022 The Author(s)},

note = {5},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85130804838,

title = {Combined Nitrogen-Isotope and Cyclostratigraphy Evidence for Temporal and Spatial Variability in Frasnian–Famennian Environmental Change},

author = { L.M.E. Percival and L. Marynowski and F. Baudin and S. Goderis and D. De Vleeschouwer and M. Rakociński and K. Narkiewicz and C. Corradini and A.Ch. Da Silva and P. Claeys},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85130804838&doi=10.1029%2f2021GC010308&partnerID=40&md5=85c07f307a9d6a7465ba3795f6a022a5},

doi = {10.1029/2021GC010308},

issn = {15252027},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems},

volume = {23},

number = {5},

publisher = {John Wiley and Sons Inc},

abstract = {Widespread marine anoxia triggered by the runoff and recycling of nutrients was a key phenomenon associated with the Frasnian–Famennian (FF) mass extinction. However, the relative importance of global-scale processes versus local influences on site-specific environmental change remains poorly understood. Here, nitrogen-isotope (δ15N) trends are combined with organic-biomarker, phosphorus, and Rock-Eval data in FF sites from the USA (H-32 core; Iowa), Poland (Kowala Quarry), and Belgium (Sinsin). Up-to-date cyclostratigraphic age models for all three sites allow the nature and timing of changes to be precisely compared across the globe. Negative δ15N excursions across the FF interval from the H-32 core and Kowala correlate with geochemical evidence for euxinic, phosphorus-rich, water columns, and possible cyanobacterial activity, suggestive of increased diazotrophic N fixation, potentially coupled with ammonium assimilation at the latter site. By contrast, previously studied sites from Western Canada and South China document enhanced water-column denitrification around the onset of the Upper Kellwasser (UKW) Event, re-emphasizing the geographical heterogeneity in environmental perturbations at that time. Moreover, environmental degradation began >100 kyr earlier in Poland, coeval with a major increase in bioavailable phosphorus supply, than in Iowa, where no such influx is recorded. These regional differences in both the timing and nature of marine perturbations during the FF interval likely resulted from the variable influx of terrigenous nutrients to different marine basins at that time, highlighting the importance of local processes such as terrestrial runoff in driving environmental degradation during times of climate cooling such as the UKW Event. © 2022. The Authors.},

note = {3},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85148101389,

title = {HABITATS IN THE PRE-TAGHANIC (GIVETIAN, MIDDLE DEVONIAN) MUDDY CARBONATE RAMP AT MIŁOSZÓW (HOLY CROSS MOUNTAINS, POLAND): GEOCHEMICAL AND MICROFACIES EVIDENCE},

author = { A. Pisarzowska and G. Racki and M. Rakociński},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85148101389&doi=10.14241%2fASGP.2022.14&partnerID=40&md5=11ec1ae7d391c8a794a5f1354a4acc1b},

doi = {10.14241/ASGP.2022.14},

issn = {02089068},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae},

volume = {92},

number = {4},

pages = {381-409},

publisher = {Polish Geological Society},

abstract = {The well-known fossiliferous and lithologically variable Middle Devonian Shaly-Calcareous Skały Formation in the Łysogóry Region (northern part of the Holy Cross Mountains; central Poland) was studied for the first time in terms of elemental geochemistry, carbon isotope stratigraphy and limestone microfacies. Three Lower to Middle Givetian marly-limestone successions, exposed at Miłoszów, represent middle to outer facies belts of the vast carbonate ramp, characterized by very rich epifaunal and infaunal benthic life in muddy, oxic, eutrophic, and photic zone habitats. Brachiopods and occasionally corals (in mesophotic association), erect branch-ing bryozoans, and tiny crinoids played a leading role among flourishing sessile suspension-feeders. High-energy storm events, possibly even a tsunami, during the brief Early Givetian time strengthened a prolific carbonate ooze delivery system from shallow ramp areas, including restricted back-ramp lagoons and a variety of organic build-ups, populated by corals and stromatoporoids. The ecologically mixed skeletal grain association is characterized by the rich occurrence of a typical lagoonal biota, calcispheres and amphiporoids. The effective carbonate factory declined stepwise regionally during the Middle Givetian because of an intermittent progradation of the deltaic system of the Świętomarz Beds, linked with climate cooling and the activation of block movements. The regional carbonate crisis resulted in the demise of diverse benthic life, including the prolific calcified microbiota. The higher Skały Formation succession, deposited between the important Kačák and Taghanic bioevents, is noticeable for a background carbon-isotope pattern in carbonate and organic matter signatures, with the baseline δ13Ccarb values between 1‰ and 2‰. The microfacies and chemostratigraphic data confirm that at least the lower pumilio bioev-ent was not recorded in the Łysogóry Region. © 2022, Polish Geological Society. All rights reserved.},

note = {6},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85118576518,

title = {Coralliths of tabulate corals from the Devonian of the Holy Cross Mountains (Poland)},

author = { M.K. Zapalski and J.J. Król and A.T. Halamski and T. Wrzołek and M. Rakociński and A.H. Baird},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85118576518&doi=10.1016%2fj.palaeo.2021.110745&partnerID=40&md5=b3fae081e49ff927d3ae7ab6d9f1a299},

doi = {10.1016/j.palaeo.2021.110745},

issn = {00310182},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology},

volume = {585},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {Tabulates, an extinct Palaeozoic group of corals, developed diverse colony morphologies during the Silurian to Devonian peak of reef development. Coralliths, or circumrotatory colonies, are passively motile coral colonies constantly overturned by wave action or currents. Such overturning allows tissue growth on all sides of the colony. They are among the most rarely reported growth forms. Recent corallith-forming scleractinian corals mostly inhabit the shallowest reef environments, but coralliths can also develop at greater depths in areas of low topographic relief, unconsolidated substratum, low coral cover and high water movement. Here, we report on Devonian (Givetian Favosites goldfussi and Frasnian Alveolites? tenuissimus) coralla from the Holy Cross Mountains, Poland. Our analysis suggests these colonies are coralliths, although less mature than usually reported. These corals, unlike previously described growth forms of this kind, lived in relatively deep environments: probably the upper mesophotic (Givetian; Miłoszów), or deep reef fore-slope (Frasnian; Jaźwica and Kowala). Microfacies analysis of the Jaźwica site suggests unconsolidated substratum and high hydrodynamic energy. We conclude that these corals lived in deeper environments where bottom currents caused their autorotation. A good modern analogue for such a corallith-forming environment is the Wistari Channel (Southern Great Barrier Reef), where bottom tidal currents at nearly 30 m of depth are strong enough to overturn colonies of Stylocoeniella cf. guentheri reaching 15 cm in diameter. Our discovery shows that the spectrum of coral growth forms during the Devonian peak of reef development was broader than previously assumed, and that tabulate corals displayed numerous adaptive strategies to various environments. © 2021 The Authors},

note = {6},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85102468908,

title = {Mercury spikes as evidence of extended arc-volcanism around the Devonian–Carboniferous boundary in the South Tian Shan (southern Uzbekistan)},

author = { M. Rakociński and A. Pisarzowska and C. Corradini and K. Narkiewicz and Z. Dubicka and N. Abdiyev},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85102468908&doi=10.1038%2fs41598-021-85043-6&partnerID=40&md5=806b616e80ef6edc8b0286f4b61bb407},

doi = {10.1038/s41598-021-85043-6},

issn = {20452322},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Scientific Reports},

volume = {11},

number = {1},

publisher = {Nature Research},

abstract = {Recently, the end-Devonian mass extinction (Hangenberg Crisis; 359 Ma) was identified as a first-order mass extinction, albeit not one of the “Big Five” events. Many marine and terrestrial organisms were affected by this crisis. The cause of this mass extinction is still conjectural and widely discussed. Here we report anomalously high mercury (Hg) concentrations from the South Tian Shan (Uzbekistan), together with correlation using conodont biostratigraphic data. Hg enrichment (to 5825 ppb) was detected in marine deposits encompassing the Hangenberg Crisis. In the Novchomok section, the Hangenberg Crisis interval does not contain typical Hangenberg Black Shales; however, by means of inorganic geochemistry (enrichment of redox-sensitive elements such as Mo; V; and U) we detected an equivalent level despite the lack of marked facies changes. This is the first record of Hg and Hg/total organic carbon anomalies in marly shales, marls and carbonates that are totally independent of facies changes, implying that volcanism was the most probable cause of the Hangenberg Crisis. This conclusion is confirmed by the presence of a negative δ13C excursion, which may reflect massive release of isotopically light carbon from volcanogenic and thermogenic devolatilization likely combined with increased arc-volcanism activity worldwide at the end of the Devonian. © 2021, The Author(s).},

note = {4},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85099799056,

title = {The mid-Tournaisian (Early Carboniferous) anoxic event in the Laurussian shelf basin (Poland): An integrative approach},

author = { M. Rakociński and L. Marynowski and M. Zatoń and P. Filipiak},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85099799056&doi=10.1016%2fj.palaeo.2021.110236&partnerID=40&md5=c68a3da0e2b9c2b0f16285c71059094a},

doi = {10.1016/j.palaeo.2021.110236},

issn = {00310182},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology},

volume = {566},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {A wide range of proxies (organic and inorganic geochemistry; gamma-ray spectrometry; microfacies; framboidal pyrite analysis) were applied in order to decipher changes in depositional conditions during the mid-Tournaisian anoxic event, referred to as the Lower Alum Shale Event (LASE) in the Polish part of the Laurussia basin. The LASE part of the section, unlike older Tournaisian deposits, is characterised by high concentrations of isorenieratane, palaeorenieratane, and their diagenetic derivatives, the occurrence of 2-methyl-3-iso-butyl-maleimides, and high values of the sterane-to-hopane ratio. The predominance of tiny pyrite framboids, inorganic data such as low values of the Th/U and high values of the Corg/P and V/Cr ratios, and generally higher enrichments of redox-sensitive metals such as U, V, Mo, Pb, and Zn and depletion in Mn, all suggest anoxic/euxinic conditions on the sea-bottom. The results of our investigations, especially Co, Mn, Cd, and Mo distribution patterns, demonstrate that enhanced primary productivity in the water column was responsible for a high degree of organic carbon burial rather than preservation in restricted conditions on the seafloor. This elevated productivity may have been generated by the upwelling of nutrient-rich deep water, an increase in volcanic activity and volcanogenic oceanic fertilisation, or both. Volcanically driven mid-Tournaisian climatic changes (warming), as manifested by high Zr concentrations and Hg anomalies, may have been responsible for the deglaciation of Gondwana resulting in the global crenulata transgression. The global rise in sea level and high level of organic productivity were responsible for the development of anoxic conditions and the halt of carbonate production, as reflected by drastic changes of facies not only in the sections investigated, but in many other parts of the world as well. © 2021 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {3},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85082809689,

title = {Volcanic related methylmercury poisoning as the possible driver of the end-Devonian Mass Extinction},

author = { M. Rakociński and L. Marynowski and A. Pisarzowska and J. Bełdowski and G. Siedlewicz and M. Zatoń and M.C. Perri and C. Spalletta and H.P. Schönlaub},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85082809689&doi=10.1038%2fs41598-020-64104-2&partnerID=40&md5=f478c7c519f96f2e2443afc4e0f09482},

doi = {10.1038/s41598-020-64104-2},

issn = {20452322},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Scientific Reports},

volume = {10},

number = {1},

publisher = {Nature Research},

abstract = {The end-Devonian global Hangenberg event (359 Ma) is among the most devastating mass extinction events in Earth’s history, albeit not one of the “Big Five”. This extinction is linked to worldwide anoxia caused by global climatic changes. These changes could have been driven by astronomical forcing and volcanic cataclysm, but ultimate causes of the extinction still remain unclear. Here we report anomalously high mercury (Hg) concentration in marine deposits encompassing the Hangenberg event from Italy and Austria (Carnic Alps). The Hangenberg event recorded in the sections investigated can be here interpreted as caused by extensive volcanic activity of large igneous provinces (LIPs), arc volcanism and/or hydrothermal activity. Our results (very large Hg anomalies) imply volcanism as a most possible cause of the Hangenberg event, similar to other first order mass extinctions during the Phanerozoic. For the first time we show that apart from anoxia, proximate kill mechanism of aquatic life during the event could have been methylmercury formed by biomethylation of a volcanically derived, huge concentration of inorganic Hg supplied to the ocean. Methylmercury as a much more toxic Hg form, potentially could have had a devastating impact on end-Devonian biodiversity, causing the extinction of many pelagic species. © 2020, The Author(s).},

note = {16},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85082826611,

title = {Large environmental disturbances caused by magmatic activity during the Late Devonian Hangenberg Crisis},

author = { A. Pisarzowska and M. Rakociński and L. Marynowski and M. Szczerba and M. Thoby and M. Paszkowski and M.C. Perri and C. Spalletta and H.P. Schönlaub and N. Kowalik and M. Gereke},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85082826611&doi=10.1016%2fj.gloplacha.2020.103155&partnerID=40&md5=16045a0f1d351937bbe7baaf939d9659},

doi = {10.1016/j.gloplacha.2020.103155},

issn = {09218181},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Global and Planetary Change},

volume = {190},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {A wide range of various proxies (e.g.; mineralogy; organic carbon; inorganic geochemistry; C and Mo isotopes; and framboidal pyrite) were applied for interpretation of changing oceanic redox conditions, bioproductivity, and the regional history of magmatic activity. This resulted in internally consistent interpretation of the late Famennian Hangenberg Crisis in subtropical deepest water sites of the epeiric Rhenohercynian and Saxo–Thuringian basins, as well as more open sites of the Paleo-Tethys Ocean. High mercury concentrations were detected in all of the studied sections, with the highest values strata in the Carnic Alps (up to 20 ppm) and Thuringia (up to 1.5 ppm). The beginning of the Hg anomaly and the presence of pyroclastic material, indicate that local magmatic activity was initiated before the deposition of the Hangenberg Black Shale (HBS). The onset of the HBS deposition coincided with the expansion of phosphate-enriched, anoxic to euxinic waters during short-lived CO2-greenhouse spike of a warm–humid climate. Intensive magmatic activity was a trigger for climatic changes, an excessive eutrophication, and an accelerated burial of organic carbon during the Hangenberg transgressive pulse. The injection of catastrophic amounts of CO2, toxic elements and acids from volcanic activity could have led to acidification, mutation of spores, and episodes of mass mortality of marine plankton. © 2020 The Authors},

note = {19},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85074671098,

title = {Phosphorus-cycle disturbances during the Late Devonian anoxic events},

author = { L.M.E. Percival and D.P.G. Bond and M. Rakociński and L. Marynowski and A.V.S. Hood and T. Adatte and J.E. Spangenberg and K.B. Föllmi},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85074671098&doi=10.1016%2fj.gloplacha.2019.103070&partnerID=40&md5=28531517fe57caa057514232064a86e5},

doi = {10.1016/j.gloplacha.2019.103070},

issn = {09218181},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Global and Planetary Change},

volume = {184},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {The Late Devonian was marked by repeated faunal crises and episodes of geographically widespread marine anoxia, and featured one of the ‘Big Five’ mass extinctions of the Phanerozoic Aeon during the Frasnian–Famennian transition. However, the processes responsible for causing the numerous anoxic events remain unclear. This study highlights the occurrence of disturbances to the phosphorus cycle during several Late Devonian crises by investigating sedimentary concentrations of the element (Ptot) as a tracer of nutrient influx, as well as its ratio with total organic carbon (TOC) to infer the recycling of the element from marine sediments. Increased TOC/Ptot ratios in the Frasnian–Famennian Lower and Upper Kellwasser horizons and upper Famennian Annulata and Hangenberg levels suggest that such nutrient recycling occurred across extensive areas of the marine shelf in Laurentia and both Rheic Ocean margins at those times, helping to sustain reducing conditions in those environments. Elevated Ptot values in the Upper Kellwasser, Annulata, and Hangenberg levels are consistent with an enhanced nutrient influx as the initial trigger for the anoxia. Correlation of phosphorus trends with other geochemical indicators of weathering/detrital influx (osmium-isotope; silicon/aluminum; and titanium/aluminium ratios) support a scenario in which terrestrial runoff provided these nutrients both to marine shelves and the oceanic inventory. Upwelling of oceanic deep-water bodies may have then brought the phosphorus to areas that had not featured major direct inputs of terrigenous material. The exception is the Lower Kellwasser Event, during which there was no increase in phosphorus delivery to marine areas and no evidence for terrestrial influx at the studied sections, invoking a different mechanism for the development of water-column anoxia. Clearly, the Late Devonian marine realm was unusually susceptible to becoming anoxic through various possible triggers, including nutrient influx from land and/or deep-water upwelling, and the recycling of phosphorus from newly deposited sediments. © 2019 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {7},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85075114765,

title = {Coincidence of photic zone euxinia and impoverishment of arthropods in the aftermath of the Frasnian-Famennian biotic crisis},

author = { K. Broda and L. Marynowski and M. Rakociński and M. Zatoń},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85075114765&doi=10.1038%2fs41598-019-52784-4&partnerID=40&md5=1aa3672ae265c958e270da6309581307},

doi = {10.1038/s41598-019-52784-4},

issn = {20452322},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Scientific Reports},

volume = {9},

number = {1},

publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},

abstract = {The lowermost Famennian deposits of the Kowala quarry (Holy Cross Mountains; Poland) are becoming famous for their rich fossil content such as their abundant phosphatized arthropod remains (mostly thylacocephalans). Here, for the first time, palaeontological and geochemical data were integrated to document abundance and diversity patterns in the context of palaeoenvironmental changes. During deposition, the generally oxic to suboxic conditions were interrupted at least twice by the onset of photic zone euxinia (PZE). Previously, PZE was considered as essential in preserving phosphatised fossils from, e.g., the famous Gogo Formation, Australia. Here, we show, however, that during PZE, the abundance of arthropods drastically dropped. The phosphorous content during PZE was also very low in comparison to that from oxic-suboxic intervals where arthropods are the most abundant. As phosphorous is essential for phosphatisation but also tends to flux off the sediment during bottom water anoxia, we propose that the PZE in such a case does not promote the fossilisation of the arthropods but instead leads to their impoverishment and non-preservation. Thus, the PZE conditions with anoxic bottom waters cannot be presumed as universal for exceptional fossil preservation by phosphatisation, and caution must be paid when interpreting the fossil abundance on the background of redox conditions. © 2019, The Author(s).},

note = {6},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85063875524,

title = {Pulses of enhanced continental weathering associated with multiple Late Devonian climate perturbations: Evidence from osmium-isotope compositions},

author = { L.M.E. Percival and D. Selby and D.P.G. Bond and M. Rakociński and G. Racki and L. Marynowski and T. Adatte and J.E. Spangenberg and K.B. Föllmi},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85063875524&doi=10.1016%2fj.palaeo.2019.03.036&partnerID=40&md5=b30b10e38927b3cfb643975c5d591b41},

doi = {10.1016/j.palaeo.2019.03.036},

issn = {00310182},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology},

volume = {524},

pages = {240-249},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {Anomalously high rates of continental weathering have frequently been proposed as a key stimulus for the development of widespread marine anoxia during a number of Late Devonian environmental and biospheric crises, which included a major mass extinction during the Frasnian–Famennian transition (marked by the Upper and Lower Kellwasser horizons). Here, this model is investigated by presenting the first stratigraphic record of osmium-isotope trends ( 187 Os/ 188 Os) in upper Devonian strata from the Kowala Quarry (Holy Cross Mountains; Poland). Changes in reconstructed 187 Os/ 188 Os seawater values to more radiogenic compositions are documented at the base of both the Lower (~0.42 to ~0.83) and Upper (~0.31 to ~0.81) Kellwasser horizons characteristic of the Frasnian–Famennian transition, and additionally within upper Famennian shales that record a more minor environmental perturbation known as the Annulata Event (~0.20 to ~0.53). These shifts indicate the occurrence of extremely enhanced continental weathering rates at the onsets of the Kellwasser crises and during the later Annulata Event. The similarity of 187 Os/ 188 Os values in this study from Frasnian–Famennian boundary and lower Famennian strata (between 0.4 and 0.5) to those from North American stratigraphic equivalents suggests that the 187 Os/ 188 Os values record global trends. These findings support a causal relationship between increased continental weathering (and thus; nutrient supply to the marine shelf) and the environmental perturbations that occurred during numerous Late Devonian events, including both of the biospherically catastrophic Kellwasser crises as well as other, less severe, oceanic anoxic events. © 2019 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {28},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85056247034,

title = {Reply to comment on the paper of Rakociński et al. “Redox conditions, productivity, and volcanic input during deposition of uppermost Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous organic-rich siltstones in Spitsbergen, Norway” [Cretaceous Research, 89 (2018): 126–147]},

author = { M. Rakociński and M. Zatoń and L. Marynowski and P. Gedl and J. Lehmann},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85056247034&doi=10.1016%2fj.cretres.2018.10.014&partnerID=40&md5=f2ca2c2b68f99e067015f1cfa5d64f9e},

doi = {10.1016/j.cretres.2018.10.014},

issn = {01956671},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Cretaceous Research},

volume = {96},

pages = {244-},

publisher = {Academic Press},

abstract = {[No abstract available]},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85053466208,

title = {Redox conditions, productivity, and volcanic input during deposition of uppermost Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous organic-rich siltstones in Spitsbergen, Norway},

author = { M. Rakociński and M. Zatoń and L. Marynowski and P. Gedl and J. Lehmann},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85053466208&doi=10.1016%2fj.cretres.2018.02.014&partnerID=40&md5=da5a1175d604706aba1a5b6dbe87b497},

doi = {10.1016/j.cretres.2018.02.014},

issn = {01956671},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Cretaceous Research},

volume = {89},

pages = {126-147},

publisher = {Academic Press},

abstract = {In this paper, uppermost Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous black organic-rich siltstones (Rurikfjellet Formation) from Carolinedalen (Isfjorden; Spitsbergen) are studied using integrated palynological, petrographic, and geochemical methods (organic and inorganic geochemistry as well as Rock-Eval pyrolysis) in order to decipher the depositional conditions prevailing during their sedimentation, the type of organic matter from which they were formed, and their potential for generating hydrocarbons. The age of these investigated sediments encompasses an interval from the upper Tithonian-Berriasian to the Hauterivian, dated on the basis of dinocyst biostratigraphy. The ammonoids found in loose form at the base of the investigated section, such as Laugeites groenlandicus, are indicative of the upper part of the middle Tithonian. Based on palynology, biomarkers, and Rock-Eval data, the kerogen in the investigated siltstones from Isfjorden is of the mixed II/III type; the organic matter is mixed marine and terrestrial in origin, and represents the early to peak ‘oil window’ maturation stage (Tmax around 440 °C). These siltstones were deposited under a high-productivity regime with oxic/dysoxic bottom water conditions, as evidenced from the size distribution of pyrite framboids, in which pyrites with diameters >5 μm predominate. Values of Th/U and Corg/P ratios generally above 3 and 30, respectively, along with pristane/phytane ratios >2 and sterane/hopane ratios <0.3, also indicate oxic to suboxic sedimentary conditions in the water column. Anoxia, if present, must have been short-lasting and formed oxygen minimum zone in the water column. Elevated productivity in the photic zone may have been generated by an increase in volcanic activity, as confirmed by higher Hg contents and/or terrigenous nutrient supply. © 2018 Elsevier Ltd},

note = {24},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85047836228,

title = {Earliest Triassic metazoan bioconstructions from East Greenland reveal a pioneering benthic community in the immediate aftermath of the end-Permian mass extinction},

author = { M. Zatoń and G. Niedźwiedzki and M. Rakociński and H. Blom and B.P. Kear},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85047836228&doi=10.1016%2fj.gloplacha.2018.05.009&partnerID=40&md5=d4815b14a1319d1762eac56269a73350},

doi = {10.1016/j.gloplacha.2018.05.009},

issn = {09218181},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Global and Planetary Change},

volume = {167},

pages = {87-98},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {Marine benthic ecosystems collapsed during the catastrophic end-Permian mass extinction, and subsequently endured a protracted phase of biotic recovery under harsh environmental conditions. In particular, metazoan reef communities almost totally disappeared and were replaced by microbe-dominated mounds during the latest Permian–earliest Triassic. Here we report the stratigraphically oldest exclusively metazoan bioconstructions from earliest Triassic (mid-Induan) strata in East Greenland — these formed within the first ca 300 ka after the Permian-Triassic boundary. Unlike the multitaxic sponge-microbe and bivalve-based buildups recorded from the Early Triassic peri-paleoequatorial Panthalassan and Tethyan margins, the East Greenland bioaccumulations developed within a restricted Boreal mid-paleolatitude seaway, and comprised a monospecific primary framework of microconchid ‘lophophorate’ tubes with shell fragments and phosphatic debris cemented by biogenic calcite. Prostrate growth of the microconchids likely facilitated their accretion into successive sheet-like biostromes and small bioherms. These are associated with a regional paleoenvironmental shift towards well‑oxygenated bottom waters, and locally punctuated sedimentation that created a favorable habitat. Although microconchids were both abundant and geographically widespread throughout the earliest Triassic, such buildups formed solely by these metazoans have not been reported from that time frame outside the Boreal Realm. These apparently flourished in the absence of more stable complex communities, and suggest that a locally variable, rather than ubiquitously sequential revival of metazoan bioconstruction activity took place in the immediate aftermath of the end-Permian extinction. However, these may also suggest that ecological recovery of benthic marine ecosystems following the end-Permian mass extinction might have started earlier in higher paleolatitudes. © 2018 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {6},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85059076839,

title = {Anomalous upper devonian mercury enrichments: Comparison of inductively coupled plasma – Mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) analytical data},

author = { G. Racki and L. Marynowski and M. Rakociński},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85059076839&doi=10.7306%2fgq.1419&partnerID=40&md5=4be4445bc66b6baa31e0c8ad791deb6f},

doi = {10.7306/gq.1419},

issn = {16417291},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Geological Quarterly},

volume = {62},

number = {3},

pages = {487-495},

publisher = {Polish Geological Institute},

abstract = {Mercury geochemistry is emerging recently as a hot topic in chemostratigraphical and facies research, owing to the diagnostic character of Hg enrichments as a proxy of volcanic activity (crucial in the context of assumed causal links between volcanic cataclysms and mass extinctions). Thus, as a prerequisite to such far-reaching interpretations, reliable analytical determinations of Hg concentrations are necessary. In conventionally performed analyses in sedimentary geochemistry, Inductively Coupled Plasma - Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) is usually applied, as an analytical standard for trace elements, including Hg. However, with a detection limit (DL) of 10 ppb, such measured values have been questioned as a conclusive geochemical indicator of Hg anomalies, and, instead, far more accurate techniques, such as Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS; DL = 0.2 ppb), are requested. As a preliminary test of this view, we present comparative analysis of 91 samples from three sections encompassing the key Frasnian-Famennian and Famennian-Tournaisian boundary intervals in Morocco (Lahmida), Germany (Kahlleite) and Uzbekistan (Novchomok), for which Hg concentrations were determined by both methods in the same samples. Despite some differences, especially at low Hg concentrations, both analytical methods reveal the same 12 extraordinarily enriched samples in excess of 1 ppm (with one exception; the determination error is <20%), as well as similar overall chemostratigraphic patterns characterized by a few prominent Hg spikes, with a top value of 5.8 ppm. The Hg concentrations determined by ICP-MS and AAS are significantly correlated, as high as r = 0.98 (Novchomok), even if the first method reveals a general tendency toward slightly heightened values (by ~ 15 to 30% for medians). Therefore, ICP-MS results can conclusively be used in mercury chemostratigraphy in order to recognize extraordinary volcanic (or other) signals, at least in the Devonian geological record. False Hg anomalies were not generated by these conventional ICP-MS determinations. © 2018, Polish Geological Institute. All rights reserved.},

note = {20},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85047823298,

title = {Mercury enrichments and the Frasnian-Famennian biotic crisis: A volcanic trigger proved?},

author = { G. Racki and M. Rakociński and L. Marynowski and P.B. Wignall},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85047823298&doi=10.1130%2fG40233.1&partnerID=40&md5=63e78531d000adffba52e62fdc2e45b6},

doi = {10.1130/G40233.1},

issn = {00917613},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Geology},

volume = {46},

number = {6},

pages = {543-546},

publisher = {Geological Society of America},

abstract = {The Frasnian-Famennian (F-F) global event, one of the five largest biotic crises of the Phanerozoic, has been inconclusively linked to rapid climatic perturbations promoted in turn by volcanic cataclysm, especially in the Viluy large igneous province (LIP) of Siberia. Conversely, the triggers of four other Phanerozoic mass extinction intervals have decisively been linked to LIPs, owing to documented mercury anomalies, shown as the diagnostic proxy. Here, we report multiple Hg enrichments in the two-step late Frasnian (Kellwasser) crisis interval from paleogeographically distant successions in Morocco, Germany, and northern Russia. The distinguishing signal, > 1 ppm Hg in the domain of closing Rheic Ocean, was identified in different lithologies immediately below the F-F boundary and approximately correlated with the onset of the main extinction pulse. This key Hg anomaly, comparable only with an extreme spike known from the end-Ordovician extinction, was not controlled by increased bioproductivity in an anoxic setting. We suggest, therefore, that the global chemostratigraphic pattern near the F-F boundary records a greatly increased worldwide Hg input, controlled by the Center Hill eruptive pulse of the Eovariscan volcanic acme, but likely not manifested exclusively by LIP(s). Consequently, all five major biotic crises of the Phanerozoic have now been more reliably linked to volcanic cataclysms. © 2018 Geological Society of America.},

note = {83},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85032590665,

title = {Temporal dynamics of encrusting communities during the Late Devonian: A case study from the Central Devonian Field, Russia},

author = { M. Zatoń and T. Borszcz and M. Rakociński},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85032590665&doi=10.1017%2fpab.2017.8&partnerID=40&md5=8470dae576df71b8b0e8182691b1f0b5},

doi = {10.1017/pab.2017.8},

issn = {00948373},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Paleobiology},

volume = {43},

number = {4},

pages = {550-568},

publisher = {Cambridge University Press},

abstract = {In this study we focused on the dynamics of encrusting assemblages preserved on brachiopod hosts collected from upper Frasnian and lower Famennian deposits of the Central Devonian Field, Russia. Because the encrusted brachiopods come from deposits bracketing the Frasnian/Famennian (F/F) boundary, the results also shed some light on ecological differences in encrusting communities before and after the Frasnian-Famennian (F-F) event. To explore the diversity dynamics of encrusting assemblages, we analyzed more than 1300 brachiopod valves (substrates) from two localities. Taxon accumulation plots and shareholder quorum subsampling (SQS) routines indicated that a reasonably small sample of brachiopod host valves (n=50) is sufficient to capture the majority of the encrusting genera recorded at a given site. The richness of encrusters per substrate declined simultaneously with the number of encrusting taxa in the lower Famennian, accompanied by a decrease in epibiont abundance, with a comparable decrease in mean encrustation intensity (percentage of bioclasts encrusted by one or more epibionts). Epibiont abundance and occupancy roughly mirror each other. Strikingly, few ecological characteristics are correlated with substrate size, possibly reflecting random settlement of larvae. Evenness, which is negatively correlated with substrate size, shows greater within-stage variability among samples than between Frasnian and Famennian intervals and may indicate the instability of early Famennian biocenoses following the faunal turnover. The occurrence distribution of encrusters points to nonrandom associations and exclusions among several encrusting taxa. However, abundance and occupancy of microconchids remained relatively stable throughout the sampled time interval. The notable decline in abundance (~60%) and relatively minor decline in diversity (~30%) suggest jointly that encrusting communities experienced ecological collapse rather than a major mass extinction event. The differences between the upper Frasnian and lower Famennian encrusting assemblages may thus record a turnover associated with the F-F event. © Copyright 2017 The Paleontological Society. All rights reserved.},

note = {15},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85030712772,

title = {Benthic anoxia, intermittent photic zone euxinia and elevated productivity during deposition of the Lower Permian, post-glacial fossiliferous black shales of the Paraná Basin, Brazil},

author = { L.D. Mouro and M. Rakociński and L. Marynowski and A. Pisarzowska and S. Musabelliu and M. Zatoń and M.A. Carvalho and A.C.S. Fernandes and B.L. Waichel},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85030712772&doi=10.1016%2fj.gloplacha.2017.09.017&partnerID=40&md5=e099b0a61f9480bf93d3fa4a45fb4882},

doi = {10.1016/j.gloplacha.2017.09.017},

issn = {09218181},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Global and Planetary Change},

volume = {158},

pages = {155-172},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {Here, the Lower Permian, post-glacial fossiliferous Lontras black shales from the Paraná Basin (southern Brazil) are studied using integrated palynological, geochemical and petrographic methods for the first time in order to decipher the prevalent palaeoenvironmental conditions during their sedimentation. These black shales were deposited in a restricted marine environment. Inorganic geochemical data (U/Th ratios, authigenic uranium, molybdenum), organic geochemical data (total organic carbon, biomarkers) and framboid pyrite size distributions point to predominantly anoxic/euxinic bottom-water conditions. Moreover, the presence of aryl isoprenoids and maleimide biomarkers indicates that euxinia in the water column was intermittently present in the photic zone. The onset of anoxic conditions was caused by elevated productivity in the basin, which was related to deglaciation, marine transgression and the increased delivery of terrestrial nutrients. The presence of a positive organic carbon isotope excursion indicates that the black shale deposition resulted from increased productivity and the expansion of anoxic and nitrogen- and phosphate-enriched waters into the shallow photic zone. The high values of δ15N (exceeding 9‰) may be related to the deglaciation-driven sea-level rise and advection of denitrified water mass from the Panthalassic Ocean to the intracratonic Paraná Basin. Prolonged periods of sea-floor anoxia/euxinia excluded potential scavengers and bioturbators, thus enhancing the preservation of numerous fossil taxa, including fish, sponges, insects and their larval cases, and conodont apparatuses. The intermittent photic zone euxinia may also have contributed to the mass mortality of fish populations, the fossils of which are very well-preserved in these black shales. © 2017 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {15},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85013664517,

title = {Influence of palaeoweathering on trace metal concentrations and environmental proxies in black shales},

author = { L. Marynowski and A. Pisarzowska and A. Derkowski and M. Rakociński and R. Szaniawski and J. Środoń and A.S. Cohen},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85013664517&doi=10.1016%2fj.palaeo.2017.02.023&partnerID=40&md5=526d3c5f4b56dbf5d405e1eba2fb3677},

doi = {10.1016/j.palaeo.2017.02.023},

issn = {00310182},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology},

volume = {472},

pages = {177-191},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {The mineralogical and chemical compositions of Lower Carboniferous (Tournaisian) marine black shale from the Kowala quarry, the Holy Cross Mountains, Poland, were investigated. This study focuses on disturbances in palaeoenvironmental proxies caused by palaeoweathering, which progressively changed the major and trace element abundances. Palaeomagnetic investigations reveal that the Devonian – Carboniferous succession was weathered during the Permian-Triassic by the infiltration of oxidizing fluids related to karstification following post-Variscan exhumation. The weathering process led to vermiculitization of chlorite, partial dissolution of calcite and replacement of pyrite by hematite and goethite. Moreover, the concentrations of some trace metals, including Co, Cu, Pb, Mo, Ni, As and U, significantly decreased. Consequently, some elemental abundance ratios that are used as environmental proxies, including U/Th, Ni/Co and V/Cr, were altered. Elements that are bound to iron sulphides (e.g.; Mo) appear to be especially prone to mobilization by even a lightly weathered black shale. The documented weathering, including changes in elemental concentrations, can potentially create misinterpretations of the original palaeoenvironmental conditions. In addition, the palaeoweathering of the studied samples appears to have substantially changed the carbon, oxygen, nitrogen and molybdenum stable isotope values. The nitrogen and molybdenum stable isotope ratios, in particular, appear to be most sensitive to the effects of weathering and therefore are good indicators of (palaeo)weathering processes. The major cause of these changes is the decay of organic matter and pyrite. For the organic carbon stable isotopes ratios, the main factor that controlls this process appears to be the preferential degradation of labile organic matter. A combination of the total organic carbon (TOC), total sulphur (TS) content, Mo concentration and stable isotope compositions seems to be the most useful for identify (palaeo)weathering. Our results suggest that reductions in TS and Mo in tandem with diminished Mo stable isotope values in the absence of obvious changes to the TOC content provide the most compelling evidence of (palaeo)weathering. © 2017 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {35},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84961755681,

title = {Depositional conditions during the Lower Kellwasser Event (Late Frasnian) in the deep-shelf Łysogóry Basin of the Holy Cross Mountains Poland},

author = { M. Rakociński and A. Pisarzowska and K. Janiszewska and P. Szrek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84961755681&doi=10.1111%2flet.12167&partnerID=40&md5=d59400383710d7cfa71768985b38f413},

doi = {10.1111/let.12167},

issn = {00241164},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Lethaia},

volume = {49},

number = {4},

pages = {571-590},

publisher = {Blackwell Publishing Ltd},

abstract = {Integrated biostratigraphical, microfacial and geochemical studies of the Lower Kellwasser Event in the Płucki succession (southern Poland) provide details about redox conditions during the deposition of this horizon in the deep-shelf Łysogóry basin of the Holy Cross Mountains. The environment is characterized by calm sedimentation and soft, muddy carbonate substrate. However, microfacies changing from wackestones to grainstones, the presence of crushed or current-oriented nautiloid shells and the occurrence of redeposited material from shallow-water Dyminy Reef environments (such as calcispheroids; algae and girvanellid cyanobacteria) suggest episodes of a higher-energy regime. Uranium/thorium ratios indicate that bottom-water redox conditions changed periodically from being mainly anoxic in the middle part of the Lower Kellwasser Horizon to dysoxic in the lower and upper parts. During a short-term episode of bottom-water ventilation, the seafloor was rapidly colonized by a dense assemblage of opportunistic buchiolid bivalves, which suffered mass mortality upon the return to anoxic conditions. A very rich concentration of cephalopods and homoctenids may be regarded as reflecting a bloom of high-density populations during high-productivity events. Similarly, they suffered mass mortality when episodically increasing anoxia/euxinia reached the upper part of the water column. The Late Frasnian inorganic carbon isotope records in the Płucki section show a positive shift with a maximum amplitude of 3‰. This enrichment in δ13C can be correlated with the deposition of the Lower Kellwasser Horizon and reflects the expansion of anoxic and probably high-productivity regimes. © 2016 Lethaia Foundation. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd},

note = {17},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84961135018,

title = {Concentrations of silicified cephalopods within upper Frasnian carbonate concretions from the Holy Cross Mountains, Poland},

author = { M. Rakociński and E. Borcuch},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84961135018&doi=10.1016%2fj.palaeo.2016.02.040&partnerID=40&md5=3a66079ee98e440b63a65064900245e6},

doi = {10.1016/j.palaeo.2016.02.040},

issn = {00310182},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology},

volume = {449},

pages = {475-483},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {Concentrations of silicified juvenile cephalopods from upper Frasnian carbonate nodules from the Jaźwica quarry in the Holy Cross Mountains are described here for the first time. Using conodonts, the age of the investigated cephalopod-rich nodules has been determined as the linguiformis conodont Zone, and may correspond to the Upper Kellwasser Event. The concentrations of silicified juvenile ammonoids described here resulted from a combination of biological and physical factors related to environmentally-driven mass mortality (induced by storms and perhaps additionally by anoxia) following mass spawning and post-mortem transport with the aid of bottom currents, which enabled them to drift to small depressions on the sea floor. Rapid silification led to excellent preservation of the fossil assemblage. © 2016 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {2},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84949256966,

title = {Microbialites in the shallow-water marine environments of the Holy Cross Mountains (Poland) in the aftermath of the Frasnian-Famennian biotic crisis},

author = { M. Rakociński and G. Racki},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84949256966&doi=10.1016%2fj.gloplacha.2015.12.001&partnerID=40&md5=c071df0a30f7cda7fad43f3e70edda71},

doi = {10.1016/j.gloplacha.2015.12.001},

issn = {09218181},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Global and Planetary Change},

volume = {136},

pages = {30-40},

publisher = {Elsevier},

abstract = {Microbial carbonates, consisting of abundant girvanellid oncoids, are described from cephalopod-crinoid and crinoid-brachiopod coquinas (rudstones) occurring in the lowermost Famennian of the Holy Cross Mountains, Poland. A Girvanella-bearing horizon (consist with numerous girvanellid oncoids) has been recognised at the Psie Górki section, and represents the northern slope succession of the drowned Dyminy Reef. This occurrence of microbialites in the aftermath of the Frasnian-Famennian event is interpreted as the result of opportunistic cyanobacteria blooms, which, as 'disaster forms', colonised empty shallow-water ecological niches during the survival phase following the Frasnian metazoan reef collapse, due to collapsed activity of epifaunal, grazing, and/or burrowing animals. The anachronistic lithofacies at Psie Górki is linked with catastrophic mass mortality of the cephalopod and crinoid-brachiopod communities during the heavy storm events. This mass occurrence of girvanellid oncoids, along with Frutexites-like microbial shrubs and, at least partly, common micritisation of some skeletal grains, records an overall increase in microbial activity in eutrophic normal marine environments. Microbial communities in the Holy Cross Mountains are not very diverse, being mainly represented by girvanellid oncoids, and stand in contrast to the very rich microbial communities known from the Guilin area (China), Canning Basin (Australia) and the Timan-northern Ural area (Russia). The association from Poland is similar to more diverse microbial communities represented by oncoids, trombolites and stromatolites, well known from the Canadian Alberta basin. © 2015.},

note = {8},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84925652101,

title = {Paleoecology and sedimentary environment of the Late Devonian coral biostrome from the Central Devonian Field, Russia},

author = { M. Zatoń and T. Borszcz and B. Berkowski and M. Rakociński and M.K. Zapalski and A.V. Zhuravlev},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84925652101&doi=10.1016%2fj.palaeo.2015.02.021&partnerID=40&md5=1f063b98d95ffc7e519a9ea2c3f951ee},

doi = {10.1016/j.palaeo.2015.02.021},

issn = {00310182},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology},

volume = {424},

pages = {61-75},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {The upper Frasnian coral biostrome, well-exposed in the Russkiy Brod quarry, Central Devonian Field, Russia, has been studied in detail with respect to paleoecology and sedimentary environment. The biostrome, formed by auloporid tabulates and solitary and colonial rugose corals, originated in an offshore environment characterized by calmer periods with slow or halted sedimentation, and more energetic periods when sedimentation rate increased. The episodic, higher sediment influx and stronger hydrodynamic regime are not only well-expressed in the microfacies, but also in the variability of colony integration of the rugose corals observed even within single coralla. Distinct development of constrictions, rejuvenescences and deflection of growth directions in rugose corallites may also indicate unstable sedimentary conditions. The latter features, however, may have, in part, also resulted from syn vivo biotic interaction with the associated auloporids. Both the facies and paleontological observations suggest that the biostrome originated by the colonization of deposited bioclasts by pioneering auloporids, creating the framework for settlement of later generations of auloporids and rugose corals. Apart from abundant auloporids representing a single species and associated rugose corals, the other encrusters are not numerous and poorly diversified, represented by dominating foraminifers, followed by single species of productid brachiopods, stromatoporoids, microconchids and cornulitids. The coral-associated macrobenthos has similarly a low diversity, being represented by single species of spiriferid and rhynchonellid brachiopods, and gastropods. Being developed in an offshore carbonate sedimentary system devoid of any organic-rich deposits, and characterized by extremely low abundance and diversity of suspension-feeding organisms, the biostrome is considered to have originated in a low productivity, oligotrophic environment strictly dominated by heterozoan coral communities. Its development in a well-oxygenated, oligotrophic environment during the time when organic-rich, black Kellwasser facies developed elsewhere, additionally attests for multi-causal scenarios for the Frasnian-Famennian event, during which other factors were responsible in different paleogeographic and facies settings. © 2015 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {17},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84898059261,

title = {Microconchid-dominated cobbles from the Upper Devonian of Russia: Opportunism and dominance in a restricted environment following the Frasnian-Famennian biotic crisis},

author = { M. Zatoń and A.V. Zhuravlev and M. Rakociński and P. Filipiak and T. Borszcz and W. Krawczyński and M.A. Wilson and E.V. Sokiran},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84898059261&doi=10.1016%2fj.palaeo.2014.02.029&partnerID=40&md5=333078a6cd83d9bbb967fa8e43b2eb50},

doi = {10.1016/j.palaeo.2014.02.029},

issn = {00310182},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-01-01},

journal = {Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology},

volume = {401},

pages = {142-153},

publisher = {Elsevier},

abstract = {Carbonate cobbles from the lower Famennian (crepida conodont Zone) brachiopod shell beds of the Russkiy Brod Quarry (Central Devonian Field; Russia) have been investigated with respect to paleoecology and paleoenvironment. The cobbles, composed of similar shell bioclasts as the host deposits, were eroded from lithified shell beds during intervals of non-deposition. The smooth surfaces and the presence of borings and encrustations on all sides suggest that the cobbles were periodically transported and overturned.The fact that all the bioerosion traces are encrusted and none of the encrusters were bioeroded indicates that the first colonizers of the cobbles were worm-like suspension feeders, leaving long, cylindrical borings (Trypanites). The encrusting organisms are dominated by spirally-coiled microconchid tubeworms, followed by cornulitids, productid brachiopods, hederelloids, foraminifera, enigmatic Ascodictyon and trepostome bryozoans.The high abundance but low-diversity brachiopod fauna and general rarity of such stenohaline taxa as echinoderms in the shell beds or bryozoans on the cobbles suggest that the salinity fluctuated. The presence of dolomite crystals in both the host deposit and cobbles suggests that salinity increased from normal-marine to a higher salinity level during colonization of the cobbles. In fact, as shown by the facies and palynofacies data, the cobble-bearing deposits represent near-shore, restricted environments created during the first phases of transgression of the early Famennian that followed the regional regression at the Frasnian-Famennian transition. In such shallow, restricted settings a higher salinity could have appeared seasonally during a hot and dry climate.As with the microconchids from the aftermath of the end-Permian mass extinction, those from the post-crisis early Famennian interval of Russia were also dominant due to unstable environmental conditions. Here, at least in the case of the Russkiy Brod, the periodic higher salinity episodes may have discouraged other encrusters and thus promoted the settlement of the opportunistic microconchids. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {22},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84890752176,

title = {Coprolite evidence for carnivorous predation in a Late Devonian pelagic environment of southern Laurussia},

author = { M. Zatoń and M. Rakociński},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84890752176&doi=10.1016%2fj.palaeo.2013.11.019&partnerID=40&md5=5d6556ffba29994257d1ea78bcba3ffa},

doi = {10.1016/j.palaeo.2013.11.019},

issn = {00310182},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-01-01},

journal = {Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology},

volume = {394},

pages = {1-11},

abstract = {Small, light-brown and beige cylindrical structures found in the lower Famennian (Upper Devonian) shales and marls of the Holy Cross Mountains area, central Poland, have been investigated for the first time. Their compact, pellet-shaped morphology and the presence of various fossil fragments scattered within the phosphatic groundmass clearly indicate that they are coprolites. The coprolite inclusions are dominated by arthropod cuticle fragments followed by fish remains, one conodont, and one scolecodont. The arthropod cuticle fragments are represented by the crustacean-like thylacocephalan Concavicaris and three other different types of arthropods of uncertain affinity. The presence of some conical fragments resembling telsons from phyllocarid crustaceans suggests that some of the cuticle fragments may belong to that group of arthropods. The fish remains mainly consist of actinopterygian paleoniscoid scales and sarcopterygian teeth. Taking both fossil and facies characteristics into account, it is clear that the coprolites originated from a carnivorous pelagic fishes that hunted other fishes and swimming arthropods. Surprisingly, similar faunal contents consisting of paleoniscoid fishes, Concavicaris arthropods, and conodonts occur in situ within the body cavities of the Famennian cladoselachian sharks in the Cleveland Shale, Ohio. Such a coincidence suggests that at least some of the Famennian coprolites from Poland may have also been produced by pelagic carnivorous sharks. The preservation of defecated remains was influenced by an interplay between an oxygen-deficient benthic environment devoid of bioturbators and scavengers and rapid, microbially-driven phosphatization. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {46},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84902118130,

title = {Kowala Lagerstätte: Late Devonian arthropods and non-biomineralized algae from Poland},

author = { M. Zatoń and P. Filipiak and M. Rakociński and W. Krawczyński},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84902118130&doi=10.1111%2flet.12062&partnerID=40&md5=86c0127689762765536060460a6dcd14},

doi = {10.1111/let.12062},

issn = {00241164},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-01-01},

journal = {Lethaia},

volume = {47},

number = {3},

pages = {352-364},

publisher = {Blackwell Publishing Ltd},

abstract = {A rich and diverse assemblage of arthropods and non-biomineralized macroalgae occurs in the Upper Devonian marine deposits of the Holy Cross Mountains, central Poland. The phrase Kowala Lagerstätte is herein proposed for the fossil-bearing deposits confined to the lower Famennian marly shale and limestone succession of the famous Kowala Quarry. The arthropod fauna is represented by phosphatic exoskeletal remains that still preserve the fine micro-ornamentation of the cuticle. The fauna includes crustaceans and crustacean-like taxa such as thylacocephalans, phyllocarids and angustidontids (in order of abundance). The non-biomineralized algae, represented by at least three morphotypes, occur as carbonaceous compressions of their thalli while still preserving fine details including bundles of thin tubular projections. Although their general appearance is reminiscent of some Early Palaeozoic non-calcified Dasycladales algae, their true taxonomic position is still uncertain. Lithology, as well as faunal and phytoplankton content point to a pelagic sedimentary environment. Impoverished benthic fauna, sediment lamination and geochemical signatures indicate at least periodic bottom-water dysoxic to anoxic conditions. Thus, the preservation of arthropod cuticle and non-calcified algae was primarily governed by oxygen-deficient bottom waters that prevented bioturbation and scavenging during their burial. © 2014 Lethaia Foundation. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.},

note = {20},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84898831707,

title = {High-precision U-Pb age and duration of the latest devonian (Famennian) hangenberg event, and its implications},

author = { P.M. Myrow and J. Ramezani and A.E. Hanson and S.A. Bowring and G. Racki and M. Rakociński},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84898831707&doi=10.1111%2fter.12090&partnerID=40&md5=1281397033226ec36b000bed757f1641},

doi = {10.1111/ter.12090},

issn = {09544879},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-01-01},

journal = {Terra Nova},

volume = {26},

number = {3},

pages = {222-229},

publisher = {Blackwell Publishing Ltd},

abstract = {Precise U-Pb zircon dates from three volcanic ash beds that bracket the Hangenberg Shale in the Holy Cross Mountains, Poland, constrain the age and duration of one of the most significant palaeobiological events of the Palaeozoic Era, the Hangenberg Event. It is linked to a terminal Devonian global shift from greenhouse to icehouse climate conditions, a global transgression, and widespread black shale deposition. Our results constrain the Hangenberg Event to between 358.97 ± 0.11 Ma and 358.89 ± 0.20 Ma, with a calculated duration of 0.05 +0.14/-0.05 Ma. A third, underlying ash bed yielded a distinctly older age of 359.97 ± 0.46 Ma. The duration of ~50-100 ka. for the event is comparable to those of Quaternary glaciations, and is consistent with both a glacio-eustatic origin for the eustatic fluctuations and changes in ocean chemistry that led to this major reorganization of the biosphere. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.},

note = {54},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84873721595,

title = {The astronomical rhythm of Late-Devonian climate change (Kowala section, Holy Cross Mountains, Poland)},

author = { D. De Vleeschouwer and M. Rakociński and G. Racki and D.P.G. Bond and K. Sobień and P. Claeys},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84873721595&doi=10.1016%2fj.epsl.2013.01.016&partnerID=40&md5=4bd52445374a61ae6cf9e467df092fcb},

doi = {10.1016/j.epsl.2013.01.016},

issn = {0012821X},

year  = {2013},

date = {2013-01-01},

journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},

volume = {365},

pages = {25-37},

abstract = {Rhythmical alternations between limestone and shales or marls characterize the famous Kowala section, Holy Cross Mountains, Poland. Two intervals of this section were studied for evidence of orbital cyclostratigraphy. The oldest interval spans the Frasnian-Famennian boundary, deposited under one of the hottest greenhouse climates of the Phanerozoic. The youngest interval encompasses the Devonian-Carboniferous (D-C) boundary, a pivotal moment in Earth's climatic history that saw a transition from greenhouse to icehouse. For the Frasnian-Famennian sequence, lithological variations are consistent with 405-kyr and 100-kyr eccentricity forcing and a cyclostratigraphic floating time-scale is presented. The interpretation of observed lithological rhythms as eccentricity cycles is confirmed by amplitude modulation patterns in agreement with astronomical theory and by the recognition of precession cycles in high-resolution stable isotope records. The resulting relative time-scale suggests that ~800kyr separate the Lower and Upper Kellwasser Events (LKE and UKE; respectively), two periods of anoxia that culminated in massive biodiversity loss at the end of the Frasnian. Th/U and pyrite framboid analyses indicate that during the UKE, oxygen levels remained low for 400kyr and δ13Corg measurements demonstrate that more than 600kyr elapsed before the carbon cycle reached a steady state after a +3‰ UKE excursion. The Famennian-Tournaisian (D-C) interval also reveals eccentricity and precession-related lithological variations. Precession-related alternations clearly demonstrate grouping into 100-kyr bundles. The Famennian part of this interval is characterized by several distinctive anoxic black shales, including the Annulata, Dasberg and Hangenberg shales. Our high-resolution cyclostratigraphic framework indicates that those shales were deposited at 2.2 and 2.4Myr intervals respectively. These durations strongly suggest a link between the long-period (~2.4Myr) eccentricity cycle and the development of the Annulata, Dasberg and Hangenberg anoxic shales. It is assumed that these black shales form under transgressive conditions, when extremely high eccentricity promoted the collapse of small continental ice-sheets at the most austral latitudes of western Gondwana. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {100},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84863496376,

title = {Deciphering the upper Famennian Hangenberg Black Shale depositional environments based on multi-proxy record},

author = { L. Marynowski and M. Zatoń and M. Rakociński and P. Filipiak and S. Kurkiewicz and T.J. Pearce},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84863496376&doi=10.1016%2fj.palaeo.2012.05.020&partnerID=40&md5=b15edf7b3f4c87cacd9a50f5d4253069},

doi = {10.1016/j.palaeo.2012.05.020},

issn = {00310182},

year  = {2012},

date = {2012-01-01},

journal = {Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology},

volume = {346-347},

pages = {66-86},

abstract = {Presented for the first time in this paper are the results of a detailed multi-proxy investigation conducted on the Hangenberg Black Shale (HBS) from the Polish part of the Laurussian Shelf, which provide details about the environmental conditions in existence during deposition of the shale and the role played by anoxic conditions in the mass extinction events that occurred at the end of the Devonian times. Inorganic and organic redox indicators indicate that bottom water redox conditions changed periodically from being mainly anoxic/euxinic to oxic or being partially depleted in oxygen. U/Th values above 1.25, Ni/Co values above 7 and V/(V. +. Ni) values above 0.8 recorded from the lower part of the HBS all point to anoxic/euxinic conditions being present, as do high total organic carbon contents (TOC) above 10% and degree of pyritisation (DOP) values around 0.75%. However, the presence of benthic fauna over the lower part of the HBS attests to opportunistic colonisation of the seafloor during oxic episodes. Evidence for similar episodes has also been recognised over the middle part of the HBS, e.g., U/Th values below 1.25, Ni/Co values below 4, V/(V. +. Ni) values below 0.8, TOC values of 3% to 5.5% and DOP values of 0.4% to 0.75%, plus the common occurrence of benthic fauna. Anoxic conditions returned during the deposition of the upper part of the HSB, though they were not as well developed as when the lower part of the shale was laid down.Of interest is the presence of small pyrite framboids and isorenieratene biomarkers in all the analysed samples, which suggest that euxinic conditions persisted in the photic zone of the water column. A twenty centimetre thick layer of volcanogenic deposits (tuffites) is present in the middle part of the HBS, the geochemical characteristics of which are typical of ocean floor basalts. The occurrence of volcanogenic material below and within the HBS, together with an absence of calcium carbonate over its upper part, the presence of abundant tetrads just above the black shale and a drastic decrease in faunal frequency in the upper part of the HBS imply that volcanism may have caused oceanic acidification (or hypercapnia) that in turn potentially may have influenced the Hangenberg mass extinction event. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {99},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84930481742,

title = {The youngest record of "Housean pits" in late Devonian ammonoids},

author = { M. Rakociński},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84930481742&doi=10.7306%2fgq.1029&partnerID=40&md5=ea2aea19d9b4ba852b177538a2ed72b9},

doi = {10.7306/gq.1029},

issn = {16417291},

year  = {2012},

date = {2012-01-01},

journal = {Geological Quarterly},

volume = {56},

number = {2},

pages = {387-390},

publisher = {Polish Geological Institute},

abstract = {An unusual occurrence of parasitic "Housean pits" in an internal mould of an ammonoid referred to as Felisporadoceras cf. subvaricatum (Sobolew; 1914) from the middle Famennian of Poland is described here. Until now, the youngest goniatites showing pitting on the internal moulds were known from the Middle Devonian (early Givetian). This material probably constitutes the youngest record of this phenomenon in goniatites.},

note = {3},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-79957501031,

title = {Effects of weathering on organic matter: I. Changes in molecular composition of extractable organic compounds caused by paleoweathering of a Lower Carboniferous (Tournaisian) marine black shale},

author = { L. Marynowski and S. Kurkiewicz and M. Rakociński and B.R.T. Simoneit},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79957501031&doi=10.1016%2fj.chemgeo.2011.04.001&partnerID=40&md5=d3ba79849f23be8abeb9c9180a0b57de},

doi = {10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.04.001},

issn = {00092541},

year  = {2011},

date = {2011-01-01},

journal = {Chemical Geology},

volume = {285},

number = {1-4},

pages = {144-156},

abstract = {A detailed bulk and molecular study on paleoweathering of a Lower Carboniferous (Tournaisian) black shale from the Kowala quarry in the Holy Cross Mountains of Poland, revealed significant changes in total organic carbon (TOC), total sulfur (TS) and extract compositions. Paleoweathering resulted in a 97% decrease in TOC and total loss of sulfur, as well as changes in carbonate contents, extract yields and percentage yields of the organic fractions. Pyrite framboids, which are used extensively in paleoecological studies, decreased considerably in the partially weathered zone and totally vanished in the weathered zone. The decrease in TOC is accompanied by a pronounced reduction of organic compound concentrations, but the degradation range differs in the individual weathering zones. Here we show that less stable compounds such as low molecular weight aromatics (e.g. methylnaphthalenes; dibenzofuran; and dibenzothiophene), isorenieratane and its diagenetic products, or maleimides decrease significantly or disappear already in the partially weathered zone, while the more stable polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) decrease (~. 90%) only in the weathered and highly weathered zones. Besides the organic matter (OM) content, the influence of paleoweathering on the distributions of organic compounds is important in the context of paleoenvironment, source and maturity interpretations. Almost all sterane and triterpane biomarker parameters change their values in the highly weathered zone, but some ratios, e.g. the 2-MeH index, are almost totally resistant to change. The aryl isoprenoid ratio (AIR) values decrease gradually with weathering. This modifies completely the potential interpretation of the nature of the photic zone anoxia. In addition to degradation of OM, some PAHs like benzo[. b]fluoranthene increase in concentration in the partially weathered zone due to their formation from phenyl-derivatives. The correct recognition of paleoweathering in outcrop and drill core samples aids in the proper interpretation of biomarker parameters and contributes to a better understanding of the processes which took place during weathering. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {82},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-79955581192,

title = {Molecular and petrographic indicators of redox conditions and bacterial communities after the F/F mass extinction (Kowala, Holy Cross Mountains, Poland)},

author = { L. Marynowski and M. Rakociński and E. Borcuch and B. Kremer and B.A. Schubert and A.H. Jahren},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79955581192&doi=10.1016%2fj.palaeo.2011.03.018&partnerID=40&md5=8ed5db8ec45df5f23b02be157d106027},

doi = {10.1016/j.palaeo.2011.03.018},

issn = {00310182},

year  = {2011},

date = {2011-01-01},

journal = {Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology},

volume = {306},

number = {1-2},

pages = {1-14},

abstract = {Pyrite framboid diameter analysis and organic geochemistry of the triangularis/crepida boundary section at Kowala (Holy Cross Mountains; Poland) imply suboxic to oxic and sporadically euxinic bottom waters during the Lower Famennian. In addition, morphological web-like structures typical for microbial mats, as well as the recognition of 2α-methylhopanes and monomethyl-alkane cyanobacteria biomarkers is evidenced of microbial activity after the global Frasnian/Famennian (F/F) extinction event. The presence of cyanobacterial mats also suggests suboxic to oxic environments and at the same time photic bottom water conditions. However, isorenieratane and its derivatives were detected in almost all samples. The presence of this well-known biomarker of green sulfur bacteria implies that euxinic conditions were present in the upper part of the water column at least intermittently or that temporal euxinia occurred in the water column. Presence of euxinic conditions is confirmed by the occurrence of small-sized pyrite framboids which were particularly dominant in the lower part of the section. The shift towards low δ13C values in both micritic limestones and in sedimentary organic matter seen at the beginning of the period of diminished photic zone, might reflect an influx of newly respired CO2 to surface waters, caused by enhanced respiration at depth after the F/F transition in the Checiny-Zbrza basin. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {51},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-79954425002,

title = {Sclerobionts on upper Famennian cephalopods from the Holy Cross Mountains, Poland},

author = { M. Rakociński},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79954425002&doi=10.1007%2fs12549-010-0045-x&partnerID=40&md5=cc5c9acc314729e0fa72102e637790aa},

doi = {10.1007/s12549-010-0045-x},

issn = {18671594},

year  = {2011},

date = {2011-01-01},

journal = {Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments},

volume = {91},

number = {1},

pages = {63-73},

abstract = {Encrustation by diverse sclerobionts is found on about 4% of upper Famennian cephalopods from the active Kowala Quarry, Holy Cross Mountains, central Poland. These infested cephalopods are represented mostly by clymeniid ammonites, but also include goniatitids and nautiloids. Sclerobionts on cephalopod shells include crinoids (represented by their holdfasts; about 57% of encrusters), moulds of problematic worm tubes (less common; about 28.5%), bryozoans, microconchids, possible cornulitids and organisms of uncertain affinities. All of the sclerobionts likely utilised shells of dead cephalopods as a hard substrate for their settlement. However, most of the infestation appears on internal moulds because the cephalopod aragonite was dissolved during diagenesis. It is possible that some of the sclerobionts encrusted exhumed lithified internal moulds. These isolated cephalopod shells and internal moulds likely served as benthic islands for various encrusters on a Devonian muddy sea-floor. © 2010 The Author(s).},

note = {18},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-75949118932,

title = {Record of Lower Carboniferous anoxic events and volcanic activity in the Kowala Quarry near Kielce (Central Poland) [Dolnokarboński zapis zdarzeń beztlenowych oraz aktywności wulkanicznej w profilu kamieniolomu Kowala koło Kiele]},

author = { M. Rakociński},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-75949118932&partnerID=40&md5=f06743de1e5b73212e180b386abbfc20},

issn = {00332151},

year  = {2009},

date = {2009-01-01},

journal = {Przeglad Geologiczny},

volume = {57},

number = {12},

pages = {1046-1047},

abstract = {[No abstract available]},

note = {3},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-68949084916,

title = {Phenomenon of "sheltered preservation" -an overview and fossil examples from the Upper Devonian of Poland. Prz. Geol [Zjawisko "zachowania w ukryciu" skamienialości - Przegla̧d i przyklady z górnego dewonu Polski]},

author = { M. Rakociński},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-68949084916&partnerID=40&md5=b93be3aca84d1586dd8e7c0665937128},

issn = {00332151},

year  = {2009},

date = {2009-01-01},

journal = {Przeglad Geologiczny},

volume = {57},

number = {7},

pages = {584-590},

abstract = {"Sheltered preservation " of various organisms within shells of cephalopods is a well-known phenomenon and numerous examples have been frequently reported by paleontologists from several regions but so far not from Poland. In the present paper, spectacular examples of such occurrences of different organisms preserved mainly within empty cephalopod shells are reviewed. Moreover, specimens of trilobites representing the genus Cyrtosymbole, found within the phragmocone of a clymeniid ammonoid Kalloclymenia, and disarticulated fragments of trilobites preserved in body chamber of an orthoconic nautiloid are illustrated and shortly described from the Upper Famennian of Kowala (Holy Cross Mountains; Poland).},

note = {5},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-55049119685,

title = {A preliminary report on echinoid accumulations of the genus Conulus in the Lower Turonian at Glanów of the Miechów Trough - Southern Poland [Wstepne dane o nagromadzeniu jeżowców z rodzaj Conulus w profilu dolnego turonu Glanowa (niecka miechowska)]},

author = { T. Borszcz and A. Gajerski and M. Rakociński and A. Szczepańczyk},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-55049119685&partnerID=40&md5=6b37afa5717cf687e41e291b399a9214},

issn = {00332151},

year  = {2008},

date = {2008-01-01},

journal = {Przeglad Geologiczny},

volume = {56},

number = {7},

pages = {552-556},

abstract = {An interesting phenomenon of echinoid accumulation occurring in the Lower Turonian (Mytiloides labiatus Zone) at Glanów village (Miechów Upland) is the main topic of the paper. The bed investigated consists of poorly cemented sandy-marly limestones with thickness of about 30 cm. The accumulation of echinoids is older than that of documented in Wielkanoc which is of middle-to-late Turonian age and situated in the same region under study. Apart from a dominant echinoid species Conulus subrotundus Mantell represented by adult and juvenile forms that are dispersed in the bed, the second echinoid species - a regular form Salenocidaris granulosa (Woodward) - has also been noted. Additionally, the skeletal elements of crinoids, ophiuroids, asteroids, as well as bryozoans, annelids, poriferans and shark teeth have also been found in the bed under study. Preliminary observations indicate that the origin of the echinoid accumulation corresponds well with the Conulus bed from the Wielkanoc quarry as a result of luxuriant development of echinoids and complex sedimentological, paleoecological and tectonic factors.},

note = {6},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-41649097994,

title = {Pyrite framboids as paleoenvironmental indicators [Framboidy pirytowe jako wskaźniki paleośrodowiska]},

author = { M. Zatoń and M. Rakociński and L. Marynowski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-41649097994&partnerID=40&md5=47625c50880d700eb2d569ee446dbb5b},

issn = {00332151},

year  = {2008},

date = {2008-01-01},

journal = {Przeglad Geologiczny},

volume = {56},

number = {2},

pages = {158-164},

abstract = {The problem of application of pyrite framboids in reconstructions of the redox conditions is presented. The characteristics of pyrite framboids, their origin and principles of application in paleoenvironmental interpretations are given. The pyrite framboid diameter distribution as indicators of redox conditions was presented on the examples of the Middle Jurassic (Upper Bajocian-Lower Bathonian) ore-bearing clays of the Polish Jura, and Upper Devonian (Middle and Upper Famennian) dark grey and black shales from Kowala (Holy Cross Mountains). It has been shown, that during the sedimentation of the ore-bearing clays, the pyrite framboids formed in the sediment, below the oxic water column; however, some episodic oscillation around the dysoxic conditions cannot be entirely excluded. During the sedimentation of the Middle Famennian dark grey shales, the redox conditions at the sea-floor oscillated around dysoxia. In both examples, the framboids are characterized by wide range of their diameters and the presence of large, > 10 μm, framboids. On the contrary, the Upper Famennian black shales, representing the Hangenberg event, were deposited below the euxinic conditions in the water column. It is indicated by a high frequency of small-size framboids, far below 6 μm in diameter, and the lack of the large ones. The overlying shales, on the other hand, show the transition to more oxic conditions. The redox conditions interpreted above are in agreement with the independent biomarker analyses and paleontological observations.},

note = {10},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-34347253866,

title = {Middle Famennian (Late Devonian) interval with pyritized fauna from the Holy Cross Mountains (Poland): Organic geochemistry and pyrite framboid diameter study},

author = { L. Marynowski and M. Rakociński and M. Zatoń},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-34347253866&doi=10.2343%2fgeochemj.41.187&partnerID=40&md5=8a5951e8f07fc2c546e92820f31a0ce8},

doi = {10.2343/geochemj.41.187},

issn = {00167002},

year  = {2007},

date = {2007-01-01},

journal = {Geochemical Journal},

volume = {41},

number = {3},

pages = {187-200},

publisher = {The Physiological Society of Japan},

abstract = {The pyrite framboid diameter and the extractable organic matter from the Middle Famennian rhythmic succession of limestones, nodular limestones and marly shales with pyritized fauna (KPG horizon) from the Holy Cross Mountains (Poland) were analyzed in order to constrain the water column structure during their deposition. In all samples investigated, small framboids (<5 μm) that may have formed in the water column occur but the majority of the framboids have larger diameters, characteristic for their formation within the sediments, below an oxic or dysoxic water column. This suggests that during deposition of the KPG horizon, the depositional environment was highly dysoxic, but not anoxic. Low concentration of the aryl isoprenoids and isorenieratane, and very high values of the AIR parameter point to the episodic photic zone euxinia and later post-depositional, partial degradation of the OM in suboxic conditions. Intermittent, but certainly short-lasting, anoxic conditions on the sea-floor, may also be supported by the lamination of the rock matrix and increased mortality of the juvenile ammonoids. The results of this study indicate that anoxic conditions prevailed in the shallow depths below the water-sediment interface, where pyritization following by dissolution of aragonitic shells of fauna occurred. Copyright © 2007 by The Geochemical Society of Japan.},

note = {28},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-33751395484,

title = {Molluscs from the Early Frasnian Goniatite level at Kostomłoty in the Holy Cross Mountains, Poland},

author = { E.A. Jagt-Yazykova and W. Krawczyński and M. Rakociński},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33751395484&partnerID=40&md5=7434d6eb0d90103c6962cab79ecd9582},

issn = {05677920},

year  = {2006},

date = {2006-01-01},

journal = {Acta Palaeontologica Polonica},

volume = {51},

number = {4},

pages = {707-718},

abstract = {The unique goniatite-rich pyritic level, 1.6 m thick, exposed at Kostomłoty (Holy Cross Mountains; central Poland) represents a distinct, local biotic event in the Early Frasnian interval corresponding to the inception of a major geochemical (carbon cycling) perturbation in the stagnant deep-water and oxygen-deficient Kostomloty basin. The taxonomic and palaeoecologic characteristics of molluscan fossil associations from the Goniatite Level are presented. Most of the goniatitids and orthoconic nautiloids from the studied fossil assemblages are juvenile conchs or protoconchs, or incomplete phragmocones and represent the genera Acanthoclymenia and Linguatornoceras, the former being predominant, and a single adult specimen probably of the genus Koenenites. In contrast, gastropods and bivalves are generally well preserved and identifiable to species level. Two new species are described: a gastropod Palaeozygopleura (Bohemozyga) pyritica sp. nov. and a bivalve Glyptohallicardia multicostata sp. nov. These studied molluscs and also amphiporoids are allochthonous elements which must have been transported into the deeper settings during sea-level rise and flooding of fringing reefs (Timan Event) and/or storm events, and there were mixed with pelagic cephalopods. Probably, a sea-level rise even led to flooding of nearby areas, and thus to introduction of pelagic material (juvenile cephalopods) into reefal settings, and then back to the deeper water again by the quasi-estuarine circulation of water masses.},

note = {8},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}