@article{2-s2.0-85183529285,

title = {Discovery and characterization of the α-amylases cDNAs from Enchytraeus albidus shed light on the evolution of “Enchytraeus-Eisenia type” Amy homologs in Annelida},

author = { Ł. Gajda and A. Daszkowska-Golec and P. Świątek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85183529285&doi=10.1016%2fj.biochi.2024.01.008&partnerID=40&md5=f3e1ede4555d73b59ba6142e83818df9},

doi = {10.1016/j.biochi.2024.01.008},

issn = {03009084},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {Biochimie},

volume = {221},

pages = {38-59},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {Although enchytraeids have gained popularity in scientific research, fundamental questions regarding their feeding ecology and biology remain largely unexplored. This study investigates α-amylases, major digestive enzymes responsible for hydrolyzing starch and similar polysaccharides into sugars, in Enchytraeus albidus. Genetic data related to α-amylases is currently lacking for the family Enchytraeidae but also for the entire Annelida. To detect and identify coding sequences of the expressed α-amylase genes in COI-monohaplotype culture (PL-A strain) of E. albidus, we used classical “gene fishing” and transcriptomic approaches. We also compared coding sequence variants of α-amylase retrieved from transcriptomic data related to freeze-tolerant strains. Our results reveal that E. albidus possesses two distinct α-amylase genes (Amy I and Amy II) that are homologs to earthworm Eisenia fetida Ef-Amy genes. Different strains of E. albidus possess distinctive alleles of α-amylases with unique SNP patterns specific to a particular strain. Unlike Amy II, Amy I seems to be a highly polymorphic and multicopy gene. The domain architecture of the putative Amy proteins was found the same as for classical animal α-amylases with ABC-domains. A characteristic feature of Amy II is the lack of GHGA motif in the flexible loop region, similarly to many insect amylases. We identified “Enchytraeus-Eisenia type” α-amylase homologs in other clitellates and polychaetes, indicating the ancestral origin of Amy I/II proteins in Annelida. This study provides the first insight into the endogenous non-proteolytic digestive enzyme genes in potworms, discusses the evolution of Amy α-amylases in Annelida, and explores phylogenetic implications. © 2024 Elsevier B.V. and Société Française de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire (SFBBM)},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85183593781,

title = {Do Cuticular Gaps Make It Possible to Study the Composition of the Cell Walls in the Glands of Drosophyllum lusitanicum?},

author = { B.J. Płachno and M. Kapusta and P. Stolarczyk and P. Świątek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85183593781&doi=10.3390%2fijms25021320&partnerID=40&md5=9506de24cef46e27c09816a6c50d8b6d},

doi = {10.3390/ijms25021320},

issn = {16616596},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Molecular Sciences},

volume = {25},

number = {2},

publisher = {Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)},

abstract = {Carnivorous plants can survive in poor habitats because they have the ability to attract, capture, and digest prey and absorb animal nutrients using modified organs that are equipped with glands. These glands have terminal cells with permeable cuticles. Cuticular discontinuities allow both secretion and endocytosis. In Drosophyllum lusitanicum, these emergences have glandular cells with cuticular discontinuities in the form of cuticular gaps. In this study, we determined whether these specific cuticular discontinuities were permeable enough to antibodies to show the occurrence of the cell wall polymers in the glands. Scanning transmission electron microscopy was used to show the structure of the cuticle. Fluorescence microscopy revealed the localization of the carbohydrate epitopes that are associated with the major cell wall polysaccharides and glycoproteins. We showed that Drosophyllum leaf epidermal cells have a continuous and well-developed cuticle, which helps the plant inhibit water loss and live in a dry environment. The cuticular gaps only partially allow us to study the composition of cell walls in the glands of Drosophyllum. We recoded arabinogalactan proteins, some homogalacturonans, and hemicelluloses. However, antibody penetration was only limited to the cell wall surface. The localization of the wall components in the cell wall ingrowths was missing. The use of enzymatic digestion improves the labeling of hemicelluloses in Drosophyllum glands. © 2024 by the authors.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85183484928,

title = {Distribution of the invasive polychaete Hypania invalida (Grube, 1860) against the background of the benthic fauna in the upper Oder River catchment (Poland)},

author = { M. Krodkiewska and K.D. Cebulska and Ł. Gajda and P. Świątek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85183484928&doi=10.1051%2fkmae%2f2023026&partnerID=40&md5=5575cc9be1d44c40d1ec833c9b578e54},

doi = {10.1051/kmae/2023026},

issn = {19619502},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {Knowledge and Management of Aquatic Ecosystems},

number = {425},

publisher = {EDP Sciences},

abstract = {Biological invasions are one of the greatest threats to biodiversity, economic development, and human health. Therefore an important challenge is to understand the mechanisms and factors that facilitate the spread of invasive species. The Ponto-Caspian polychaete Hypania invalida is one of the invaders that have been colonizing the river systems in Europe since the 1950s. The research aim was to map the distribution of H. invalida in the upper Oder and associated aquatic environments, to assess the contribution of H. invalida to the benthic fauna, to identify environmental factors linked to the occurrence of H. invalida, and to provide genetic markers that can be used to identify H. invalida and monitor its dispersal. H. invalida was found at two sites in the canalized section of the upper Oder and one site at the initial section of the Gliwice Canal. It was found at low abundance and coexisted with other alien macroinvertebrates. H. invalida was not recorded in any smaller river, whether natural, semi-natural, or anthropogenically modified. Apart from the watercourse width, no significant relationships between this polychaete and habitat drivers were found. Genetic analysis showed that the amplified cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and 18S gene fragments showed no sequence variation across all analyzed specimens. Further research is needed to follow the spread of H. invalida in the upper Oder River catchment, as at high densities it can adversely affect inhabited ecosystems. © M. Krodkiewska et al., Published by EDP Sciences 2024.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85178236171,

title = {Fungal symbionts impact cyanobacterial biofilm durability and photosynthetic efficiency},

author = { K. Turnau and B.J. Płachno and P. Bień and P. Świątek and P. Dabrowski and H.M. Kalaji},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85178236171&doi=10.1016%2fj.cub.2023.10.056&partnerID=40&md5=62a969ce1dc61a383d2b920272ec4b46},

doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2023.10.056},

issn = {09609822},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Current Biology},

volume = {33},

number = {23},

pages = {5257-5262.e3},

publisher = {Cell Press},

abstract = {Cyanobacteria contribute to over 25% of the world's net primary photosynthetic production and are pivotal in mitigating greenhouse gas emissions.1 This study unveils a previously unobserved symbiotic relationship between benthic cyanobacteria and fungi that have also adapted to life as a plant endophyte. The interaction suggests an initial phase of lichenization. We isolated Leptolyngbya frigida from the Naracauli stream, which emanates from abandoned Zn industrial waste in Sardinia. Seasonally, L. frigida participates in a biomineralization processes, mitigating the Zn transfer to rivers and, subsequently, the sea.2,3,4 L. frigida is a benthic cyanobacterium that establishes a biofilm on the stream bed. Notably, the area predominantly features Juncus acutus. From these roots, endophytic fungi were predominantly isolated as Clonostachys rosea, a fungus recognized for its biocontrol capabilities against plant pathogens. An intriguing observation was made when L. frigida was cultured with C. rosea on a low-carbohydrate agar medium: the fungal mycelium transformed into wall-less forms, a phenomenon not documented previously. In liquid environments, the resulting biofilm first settled at the container's bottom. Even upon rising to the surface, this biofilm remained pigment rich. Concurrently, a secondary biofilm began its formation at the bottom. These fungal-integrated biofilms displayed enhanced resilience and superior photosynthetic performance compared to those without fungal presence. Moreover, the symbiotic relationship significantly amplified O2 emission and CO2 sequestration by the biofilm. © 2023 Elsevier Inc.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85168857955,

title = {The three-dimensional conformation and activity of mitochondria in syncytial male germ line-cysts of medicinal leeches},

author = { N. Diak and M.A. Śliwińska and S. Student and P. Świątek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85168857955&doi=10.1007%2fs00441-023-03825-y&partnerID=40&md5=c634f665f293c0a704048bbafb840879},

doi = {10.1007/s00441-023-03825-y},

issn = {0302766X},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Cell and Tissue Research},

volume = {394},

number = {2},

pages = {325-342},

publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH},

abstract = {We studied the spatial conformation and activity of mitochondria in the developing syncytial male germline cysts during spermatogenesis of the medicinal leeches using light, fluorescent, transmission electron microscopy, and serial block-face scanning electron microscopy. In cysts with spermatogonia and spermatocytes, mitochondria form networks and are in a dynamic hyperfusion state, while in cysts with spermatids, a single huge mitochondrion is observed. As spermiogenesis progresses, this huge mitochondrion is finally located in the future midpiece. The highest activity, in terms of membrane potential, of the mitochondria in H. medicinalis germline cysts was observed in cysts with spermatocytes; the lowest was in cysts with late elongated spermatids. © 2023, The Author(s).},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85175274000,

title = {Differences in the Occurrence of Cell Wall Components between Distinct Cell Types in Glands of Drosophyllum lusitanicum},

author = { B.J. Płachno and M. Kapusta and P. Stolarczyk and P. Świątek and I.K. Lichtscheidl},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85175274000&doi=10.3390%2fijms242015045&partnerID=40&md5=db298cc4b10004659a10642831f998b0},

doi = {10.3390/ijms242015045},

issn = {16616596},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Molecular Sciences},

volume = {24},

number = {20},

publisher = {Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)},

abstract = {Carnivorous plants are mixotrophs that have developed the ability to lure, trap, and digest small organisms and utilize components of the digested bodies. Leaves of Drosophyllum lusitanicum have two kinds of glands (emergences): stalked mucilage glands and sessile digestive glands. The stalked mucilage glands perform the primary role in prey lure and trapping. Apart from their role in carnivory, they absorb water condensed from oceanic fog; thus, plants can survive in arid conditions. To better understand the function of carnivorous plant emergences, the molecular composition of their cell walls was investigated using immunocytochemical methods. In this research, Drosophyllum lusitanicum was used as a study system to determine whether cell wall immunocytochemistry differs between the mucilage and digestive glands of other carnivorous plant species. Light and electron microscopy were used to observe gland structure. Fluorescence microscopy revealed the localization of carbohydrate epitopes associated with the major cell wall polysaccharides and glycoproteins. The mucilage gland (emergence) consists of a glandular head, a connecting neck zone, and stalk. The gland head is formed by an outer and inner layer of glandular (secretory) cells and supported by a layer of endodermoid (barrier) cells. The endodermoid cells have contact with a core of spongy tracheids with spiral-shaped thickenings. Lateral tracheids are surrounded by epidermal and parenchymal neck cells. Different patterns of cell wall components were found in the various cell types of the glands. Cell walls of glandular cells generally are poor in both low and highly esterified homogalacturonans (HGs) but enriched with hemicelluloses. Cell walls of inner glandular cells are especially rich in arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs). The cell wall ingrowths in glandular cells are significantly enriched with hemicelluloses and AGPs. In the case of cell wall components, the glandular cells of Drosophyllum lusitanicum mucilage glands are similar to the glandular cells of the digestive glands of Aldrovanda vesiculosa and Dionaea muscipula. © 2023 by the authors.},

note = {2},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85172034597,

title = {Ovary organization and ultrastructure in six species of Amynthas and Metaphire earthworms (Annelida, Crassiclitellata, Megascolecidae)},

author = { P. Świątek and R.S. Thounaojam and T.B. Singh and S.W. James and Ł. Gajda and K. Małota and D. Raś and A.Z. Urbisz},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85172034597&doi=10.1016%2fj.zool.2023.126109&partnerID=40&md5=bec781203453b14de5a944a8329023bc},

doi = {10.1016/j.zool.2023.126109},

issn = {09442006},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Zoology},

volume = {160},

publisher = {Elsevier GmbH},

abstract = {Ovaries in earthworms belonging to the family Megascolecidae are paired structures attached to the septum in the anterior part of the XIII segment. They are fan to rosette shaped with numerous rows of growing oocytes, known as egg strings, radiating from the ovary center towards the segmental cavity. The histological and ultrastructural ovary organization in megascolecids and the course of oogenesis remain unknown. The paper presents the results of light and electron microscopy analyses of ovaries in six megascolecid species, three from the genus Amynthas and three from Metaphire. Both parthenogenetic and sexually reproducing species were included in the study. The organization and ultrastructure of ovaries in all studied species are broadly similar. Considering the histological organization of ovaries, they could be divided into two zones. Zone I (proximal; close to the connection with the septum) is tightly packed with germline and somatic cells. Germ cells are interconnected via intercellular bridges and thin strands of the central cytoplasm (known as cytophore) and form syncytial cysts. Cysts unite oogonia, early meiotic cells (till diplotene), and clustering cells develop synchronously. During diplotene, interconnected cells lose developmental synchrony; most probably, one cell per cyst grows faster than others, detaches from the cysts, and becomes an oocyte. The remaining cells grow slightly and are still interconnected via the thin and reticular cytophore; these cells are considered nurse cells. Zone II has a form of egg strings where growing oocytes are isolated one from another by thin somatic cells and form short cords. We present the ultrastructural details of germline and somatic cells. We propose the term “Amynthas” type of ovaries for this ovary organization. We suppose that such ovaries are characteristic of other megascolecids and related families. © 2023 The Authors},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85150256496,

title = {Italobdella bieleckii sp. n. (Hirudinea: Piscicolidae), a new leech species from the Danube in Slovakia},

author = { J.M. Cichocka and V. Košel and P. Świątek and J. Hildebrand and Ł. Gajda and B. Lecaplain and M. Nieoczym and A. Bielecki},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85150256496&doi=10.1007%2fs11756-023-01377-8&partnerID=40&md5=b938736f429b0d95bd6de878ca37f435},

doi = {10.1007/s11756-023-01377-8},

issn = {00063088},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Biologia},

volume = {78},

number = {9},

pages = {2449-2461},

publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH},

abstract = {Notwithstanding the genus Italobdella has been hypothesized to have doubtful taxonomic value, we decided to update its diagnosis by describing the new species – Italobdella bieleckii sp. n. The leeches were collected from the stony bottom along the shore of the Danube River in Slovakia. In the study, we implemented the model of leech body form and the set of external and internal morphological characters to present the similarity of the new species to the other fish leeches. As a result, we were able to construct the key for determining leeches belonging to the genus Italobdella hoping that the species could be found and determined by other researchers. This would enrich our knowledge about the actual distribution of these leeches and strengthen their systematic position in the genus. © 2023, The Author(s).},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85163819488,

title = {P lacobdella nabeulensis sp. nov. (Hirudinea: Glossiphoniidae), a new glossiphoniiform leech from Palearctic North Africa},

author = { R. Ben Ahmed and Ł. Gajda and S. Utevsky and S. Kvist and P. Świątek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85163819488&doi=10.1007%2fs11033-023-08594-z&partnerID=40&md5=08a955008caf47c9b57a6a3264387233},

doi = {10.1007/s11033-023-08594-z},

issn = {03014851},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Molecular Biology Reports},

volume = {50},

number = {8},

pages = {6753-6767},

publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media B.V.},

abstract = {Background: Herein, we describe a new species of turtle blood-feeding leech, Placobdella nabeulensis sp. nov. from Palearctic North Africa (Tunisia and Algeria). The new species is described based on detailed morphological analyses using light and scanning electron microscopes. Results: Apart from the detailed morphology of the atrium, morphological features alone do not sufficiently separate the species from congeners due to the absence of distinct diagnostic characters. Therefore, we turned to molecular data to better distinguish this new species from other members of the genus and establish a basis for its genetic separation. Four DNA fragments were successfully amplified, including mitochondrial COI and 12S rDNA, as well as nuclear 28S rDNA and histone H3. We then provided the molecular descriptor of the taxon, based on redundant diagnostic nucleotide combinations in DNA sequence alignment within the Folmer region. Results of the phylogenetic analysis and species delimitation methods (ABGD; ASAP; and bPTP) based on the COI locus support the species rank of the Tunisian-Algerian Placobdella. Conclusions: The new species is most closely related to the European species Placobdella costata (Fr. Müller; 1846) and the present study indicates that Placobdella nabeulensis sp. nov. has likely been confused with the European counterpart in several previous studies. This article is registered at www.zoobank.org under urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:4A4B9C1D-2556-430F-8E4B-0CE99F2012F5. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85149392370,

title = {Ovary micromorphology in hormogastrid earthworms with a particular emphasis on the organization of the germline cysts},

author = { P. Świątek and M. Novo and D.F. Marchán and Ł. Gajda and K. Małota and A.Z. Urbisz},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85149392370&doi=10.1016%2fj.zool.2023.126081&partnerID=40&md5=af7f147977e3ccab60235da47897acb6},

doi = {10.1016/j.zool.2023.126081},

issn = {09442006},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Zoology},

volume = {158},

publisher = {Elsevier GmbH},

abstract = {There is a gap in our knowledge of microorganization and the functioning of ovaries in earthworms (Crassiclitellata) and allied taxa. Recent analyses of ovaries in microdriles and leech-like taxa revealed that they are composed of syncytial germline cysts accompanied by somatic cells. Although the pattern of cyst organization is conserved across Clitellata – each cell is connected via one intercellular bridge (ring canal) to the central and anuclear cytoplasmic mass termed the cytophore – this system shows high evolutionary plasticity. In Crassiclitellata, only the gross morphology of ovaries and their segmental localization is well known, whereas ultrastructural data are limited to lumbricids like Dendrobaena veneta. Here we present the first report about ovarian histology and ultrastructure in Hormogastridae, a small family of earthworms inhabiting the western parts of the Mediterranean sea basin. We analyzed three species from three different genera and showed that the pattern of ovary organization is the same within this taxon. Ovaries are cone-like, with a broad part connected to the septum and a narrow distal end forming an egg string. Ovaries are composed of numerous cysts uniting a small number of cells, eight in Carpetania matritensis. There is a gradient of cysts development along the long ovary axis, and three zones can be distinguished. In zone I, cysts develop in complete synchrony and unite oogonia and early meiotic cells (till diplotene). Then (zone II), the synchrony is lost, and one cell (prospective oocyte) grows faster than the rest (prospective nurse cells). In zone III, oocytes pass the growth phase and gather nutrients; at this time, their contact with the cytophore is lost. Nurse cells grow slightly, eventually die via apoptosis, and are removed by coelomocytes. The most characteristic feature of hormogastrid germ cysts is the inconspicuous cytophore in the form of thread-like thin cytoplasmic strands (reticular cytophore). We found that the ovary organization in studied hormogastrids is very similar to that described for D. veneta and propose the term “Dendrobaena” type of ovaries. We expect the same microorganization of ovaries will be found in other hormogastrids and lumbricids. © 2023 Elsevier GmbH},

note = {1},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85159262646,

title = {Phylogenetical Position versus Pollination Syndromes: Floral Trichomes of Central American and Mexican Pinguicula},

author = { K. Lustofin and P. Świątek and V.F.O. Miranda and B.J. Płachno},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85159262646&doi=10.3390%2fijms24098423&partnerID=40&md5=f42feb77d4ee877429e8e4c6eafdc141},

doi = {10.3390/ijms24098423},

issn = {16616596},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Molecular Sciences},

volume = {24},

number = {9},

publisher = {Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)},

abstract = {Central American and Mexican Pinguicula species are characterized by enormous divergence in size and color of flowers and are pollinated by butterflies, flies, bees, and hummingbirds. It is known that floral trichomes are key characters in plant–pollinator interaction. The main aim of our study was to verify our hypothesis that the distribution and diversity of non-glandular and glandular trichomes are related to the pollinator syndromes rather than the phylogenetic relationships. The studied sample consisted of Central American and Mexican species. In our study, we relied on light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy with a phylogenetic perspective based on ITS DNA sequences. The flower morphology of species pollinated by butterflies and hummingbirds was similar in contrast to species pollinated by flies and bees. Species pollinated by butterflies and hummingbirds contained low diversity of non-glandular trichomes, which occurred mostly in the tube and basal part of the spur. Surprisingly, in P. esseriana and P. mesophytica, non-glandular trichomes also occurred at the base of lower lip petals. In the case of species pollinated by flies/bees, we observed a high variety of non-glandular trichomes, which occurred on the surface of corolla petals, in the tube, and at the entrance to the spur. Furthermore, we did not identify any non-glandular trichomes in the spur. The capitate glandular trichomes were of similar morphology in all examined species. There were minor differences in the shape of the trichome head, as well as the length and the number of stalk cells. The distribution and the diversity of non-glandular and glandular trichomes and pollinator syndromes were mapped onto a phylogenetic reconstruction of the genus. Most micromorphological characters appear to be associated more with floral adaptation to pollinators and less with phylogeny. © 2023 by the authors.},

note = {1},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85149744420,

title = {Immunocytochemical Analysis of Bifid Trichomes in Aldrovanda vesiculosa L. Traps},

author = { B.J. Płachno and M. Kapusta and P. Stolarczyk and M. Wójciak and P. Świątek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85149744420&doi=10.3390%2fijms24043358&partnerID=40&md5=c6fbba09704a39b2cf753efdc573c533},

doi = {10.3390/ijms24043358},

issn = {16616596},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Molecular Sciences},

volume = {24},

number = {4},

publisher = {Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)},

abstract = {The two-armed bifids (bifid trichomes) occur on the external (abaxial) trap surface, petiole, and stem of the aquatic carnivorous plant Aldrovanda vesiculosa (Droseracee). These trichomes play the role of mucilage trichomes. This study aimed to fill the gap in the literature concerning the immunocytochemistry of the bifid trichomes and compare them with digestive trichomes. Light and electron microscopy was used to show the trichome structure. Fluorescence microscopy revealed the localization of carbohydrate epitopes associated with the major cell wall polysaccharides and glycoproteins. The stalk cells and the basal cells of the trichomes were differentiated as endodermal cells. Cell wall ingrowths occurred in all cell types of the bifid trichomes. Trichome cells differed in the composition of their cell walls. The cell walls of the head cells and stalk cells were enriched with arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs); however, they were generally poor in both low- and highly-esterified homogalacturonans (HGs). The cell walls in the trichome cells were rich in hemicelluloses: xyloglucan and galactoxyloglucan. The cell wall ingrowths in the basal cells were significantly enriched with hemicelluloses. The presence of endodermal cells and transfer cells supports the idea that bifid trichomes actively transport solutes, which are polysaccharide in nature. The presence of AGPs (which are considered plant signaling molecules) in the cell walls in these trichome cells indicates the active and important role of these trichomes in plant function. Future research should focus on the question of how the molecular architecture of trap cell walls changes in cells during trap development and prey capture and digestion in A. vesiculosa and other carnivorous plants. © 2023 by the authors.},

note = {5},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85185441182,

title = {Spermatogenesis and spermatozoon ultrastructure in the jawed bloodfeeding land leech Haemadipsa japonica (Hirudinida: Hirudiniformes) from Japan},

author = { R.B. Ahmed and T. Nakano and Jo. Piątek and R. Krzyzczyk and P. Świątek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85185441182&doi=10.3409%2fFB_71-4.20&partnerID=40&md5=97e9e843f7ef3c1955a767a8a5af6074},

doi = {10.3409/FB_71-4.20},

issn = {00155497},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Folia Biologica (Poland)},

volume = {71},

number = {4},

pages = {207-220},

publisher = {Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals},

abstract = {The aim of this study is to describe spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis in the jawed sanguivorous land leech Haemadipsa japonica Whitman, 1886, for the first time, using both light and electron microscopy. Spermatogenesis occurs within testisacs, where numerous cysts (clusters) of interconnected spermatogonia, spermatocytes and spermatids freely float in the fluid. In a given cyst, the interconnected germ cells develop in synchrony, i.e. spermatogonial cysts, and cysts with spermatocytes or spermatids can be observed. During spermiogenesis, the spermatids transform into typical hirudinid filiform mature spermatozoa. The ultrastructure of H. japonica spermatozoa is broadly similar to that already described for Haemadipsa zeylanica. The sperm has an anterior and a posterior acrosome, an elongated nucleus with two different morphological regions (an apical corkscrew-shaped region and a basal twisted column-shaped region), a single straight mitochondrion (midpiece) enclosed by a sheath of electron-dense material, and a flagellum with a prominent central sheath arrangement followed by a tapering appendage. A comparison with the previously described spermatozoa from other Clitellata species reveals that the greatest resemblance is to Hirudiniformes. © Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, PAS, Kraków, 2023. All Rights Reserved.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85146019799,

title = {Stellate Trichomes in Dionaea muscipula Ellis (Venus Flytrap) Traps, Structure and Functions},

author = { B.J. Płachno and M. Kapusta and P. Stolarczyk and P. Świątek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85146019799&doi=10.3390%2fijms24010553&partnerID=40&md5=3d3342ce63d57e69fe3d29cac23c935b},

doi = {10.3390/ijms24010553},

issn = {16616596},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Molecular Sciences},

volume = {24},

number = {1},

publisher = {MDPI},

abstract = {The digestive organs of carnivorous plants have external (abaxial) glands and trichomes, which perform various functions. Dionaea muscipula Ellis (the Venus flytrap) is a model carnivorous plant species whose traps are covered by external trichomes. The aim of the study was to fill in the gap regarding the structure of the stellate outer trichomes and their immunocytochemistry and to determine whether these data support the suggestions of other authors about the roles of these trichomes. Light and electron microscopy was used to show the trichomes’ structure. Fluorescence microscopy was used to locate the carbohydrate epitopes that are associated with the major cell wall polysaccharides and glycoproteins. The endodermal cells and internal head cells of the trichomes were differentiated as transfer cells, and this supports the idea that stellate trichomes transport solutes and are not only tomentose-like trichomes. Trichome cells differ in the composition of their cell walls, e.g., the cell walls of the internal head cells are enriched with arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs). The cell walls of the outer head cells are poor in both low and highly homogalacturonans (HGs), but the immature trichomes are rich in the pectic polysaccharide (1–4)–β-D-galactan. In the immature traps, young stellate trichomes produce mucilage which may protect the trap surface, and in particular, the trap entrance. However, the role of these trichomes is different when the outer head cells collapse. In the internal head cells, a thick secondary wall cell was deposited, which together with the thick cell walls of the outer head cells played the role of a large apoplastic space. This may suggest that mature stellate trichomes might function as hydathodes, but this should be experimentally proven. © 2022 by the authors.},

note = {5},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85143175548,

title = {Recent evolution of ancient Arctic leech relatives: systematics of Acanthobdellida},

author = { D.B. de Carle and Ł. Gajda and A. Bielecki and S. Cios and J.M. Cichocka and H.E. Golden and A.D. Gryska and S.G. Sokolov and M.B. Shedko and R. Knudsen and S. Utevsky and P. Świątek and M. Tessler},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85143175548&doi=10.1093%2fzoolinnean%2fzlac006&partnerID=40&md5=b623e7ccb153eddbcd474b40eef83550},

doi = {10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac006},

issn = {00244082},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society},

volume = {196},

number = {1},

pages = {149-168},

publisher = {Oxford University Press},

abstract = {Acanthobdellida gnaw into the sides of salmonid fishes in frigid Arctic lakes and rivers, latching on with fearsome facial hooks. Sister to leeches, they are an ancient lineage with two described species. Unfortunately, Acanthobdellida are rarely collected, leading to a paucity of literature despite their unique morphology. Populations range from Eurasia to Alaska (USA), but few specimens of Acanthobdella peledina are represented in molecular studies, and no molecular data exist for Paracanthobdella livanowi, making their taxonomic position difficult to assess. We use phylogenetics and morphology to determine whether allopatric populations of A. peledina are distinct species and assess the current classification scheme used for Acanthobdellida. We produce a new suborder, Acanthobdelliformes, to match the taxonomy within Hirudinea. Scanning electron micrographs indicate species-level differences in the anterior sucker and facial hooks; molecular phylogenetics mirrors this divergence between species. We assign both species to the family Acanthobdellidae and abandon the family Paracanthobdellidae. Alaskan and European A. peledina populations are morphologically similar, but appear phylogenetically divergent. Our data strongly suggest that members of the order Acanthobdellida diverged relatively recently in their ancient history, but based on genetic distance, this divergence appears to pre-date the most recent cycles of glaciation. © The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Linnean Society of London.},

note = {2},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85135120064,

title = {Immunocytochemical Analysis of the Wall Ingrowths in the Digestive Gland Transfer Cells in Aldrovanda vesiculosa L. (Droseraceae)},

author = { B.J. Płachno and M. Kapusta and P. Stolarczyk and P. Świątek and M. Strzemski and V.F.O. Miranda},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85135120064&doi=10.3390%2fcells11142218&partnerID=40&md5=8d46046cf418032aeb08695e1c4b01cf},

doi = {10.3390/cells11142218},

issn = {20734409},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Cells},

volume = {11},

number = {14},

publisher = {MDPI},

abstract = {Carnivorous plants are unique due to their ability to attract small animals or protozoa, retain them in specialized traps, digest them, and absorb nutrients from the dissolved prey material; however, to this end, these plants need a special secretion-digestive system (glands). A common trait of the digestive glands of carnivorous plants is the presence of transfer cells. Using the aquatic carnivorous species Aldrovanda vesiculosa, we showed carnivorous plants as a model for studies of wall ingrowths/transfer cells. We addressed the following questions: Is the cell wall ingrowth composition the same between carnivorous plant glands and other plant system models? Is there a difference in the cell wall ingrowth composition between various types of gland cells (glandular versus endodermoid cells)? Fluorescence microscopy and immunogold electron microscopy were employed to localize carbohydrate epitopes associated with major cell wall polysaccharides and glycoproteins. The cell wall ingrowths were enriched with arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) localized with the JIM8, JIM13, and JIM14 epitopes. Both methylesterified and de-esterified homogalacturonans (HGs) were absent or weakly present in the wall ingrowths in transfer cells (stalk cells and head cells of the gland). Both the cell walls and the cell wall ingrowths in the transfer cells were rich in hemicelluloses: xyloglucan (LM15) and galactoxyloglucan (LM25). There were differences in the composition between the cell wall ingrowths and the primary cell walls in A. vesiculosa secretory gland cells in the case of the absence or inaccessibility of pectins (JIM5; LM19; JIM7; LM5; LM6 epitopes); thus, the wall ingrowths are specific cell wall microdomains. Even in the same organ (gland), transfer cells may differ in the composition of the cell wall ingrowths (glandular versus endodermoid cells). We found both similarities and differences in the composition of the cell wall ingrowths between the A. vesiculosa transfer cells and transfer cells of other plant species. © 2022 by the authors.},

note = {5},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85132453288,

title = {All for one: changes in mitochondrial morphology and activity during syncytial oogenesis},

author = { A.Z. Urbisz and Ł. Chajec and K. Małota and S. Student and M.K. Sawadro and M.A. Śliwińska and P. Świątek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85132453288&doi=10.1093%2fbiolre%2fioac035&partnerID=40&md5=d4f195796e8b35b1b64af31d1ab12b47},

doi = {10.1093/biolre/ioac035},

issn = {00063363},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Biology of Reproduction},

volume = {106},

number = {6},

pages = {1232-1253},

publisher = {Oxford University Press},

abstract = {The syncytial groups of germ cells (germ-line cysts) forming in ovaries of clitellate annelids are an attractive model to study mitochondrial stage-specific changes. Using transmission electron microscopy, serial block-face scanning electron microscopy, and fluorescent microscopy, we analyzed the mitochondria distribution and morphology and the state of membrane potential in female cysts in Enchytraeus albidus. We visualized in 3D at the ultrastructural level mitochondria in cysts at successive stages: 2-celled, 4-celled, 16-celled cysts, and cyst in advanced oogenesis. We found that mitochondria form extensive aggregates-they are fused and connected into large and branched mitochondrial networks. The most extensive networks are formed with up to 10 000 fused mitochondria, whereas individual organelles represent up to 2% of the total mitochondrial volume. We classify such a morphology of mitochondria as a dynamic hyperfusion state and suggest that this can maintain their high activity and intensify the process of cellular respiration within the syncytial cysts. We found some individual mitochondria undergoing degradation, which implies that damaged mitochondria are removed from networks for their final elimination. As growing oocytes were shown to possess less active mitochondria than the nurse cells, the high activity of mitochondria in the nurse cells and their dynamic hyperfusion state are attributed to serve the needs of the growing oocyte. In addition, we measured by calorimetry the total antioxidant capacity of germ-line cysts in comparison with somatic tissue, and it suggests that antioxidative defense systems, together with mitochondrial networks, can effectively protect germ-line mitochondria from damage. © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Society for the Study of Reproduction. All rights reserved.},

note = {2},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85124908727,

title = {Ovary micromorphology and oogenesis in a rhyacodriline oligochaete (Clitellata: Naididae, Rhyacodrilinae)},

author = { P. Świątek and P. Rodriguez and K. Małota and A.Z. Urbisz},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85124908727&doi=10.1002%2fjmor.21461&partnerID=40&md5=ac6de8f8304d7e49939284f6e9883964},

doi = {10.1002/jmor.21461},

issn = {03622525},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Morphology},

volume = {283},

number = {5},

pages = {605-617},

publisher = {John Wiley and Sons Inc},

abstract = {The main goal of the article is to describe the ovary organization and oogenesis in Peristodrilus montanus, an aquatic oligochaete of the subfamily Rhyacodrilinae. The presented analysis will not only enrich the knowledge about how eggs are formed but, because of the suggested conservatism of ovary organization in clitellate annelids, can contribute to disentangling the complex phylogenetic relationships of the rhyacodrilines within Naididae. The paired, conically shaped ovaries are located in segment XI. They are composed of a dozen or so syncytial germ-line cysts, which are associated with somatic cells. Each germ cell in a cyst has one intercellular bridge that joins it to a central and anuclear cytoplasmic mass, the cytophore. This pattern of cyst organization is typical for all clitellates that have been studied to date. Initially, the germ cells in a cyst undergo a synchronous development, however, there is no synchrony between cysts, and therefore there is a developmental gradient (oogonia; pre-diplotene germ cells; germ cells in diplotene) of oogenesis along the long ovary axis. The cysts are composed of a maximum of 32 cells. Cysts with cells in diplotene detach from the ovaries and the extraovarian phase of oogenesis begins. The developmental synchrony is lost, one cell (an oocyte) per cyst starts to gather cell components and yolk and grows considerably. The remaining cells grow to some extent and function as nurse cells. Like in other microdriles, P. montanus oocytes are rich in yolk; other features of oogenesis are also similar to those that are known from other microdrile taxa. The system of ovary organization found in the studied species is broadly similar to the corresponding features known from Naidinae and Phreodrilidae and, to some extent, in Enchytraeidae. However, this system is different from the one that is known in Tubificinae, Limnodriloidinae and Branchiurinae. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.},

note = {2},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85123239508,

title = {Extensive sampling sheds light on species-level diversity in Palearctic Placobdella (Annelida: Clitellata: Glossiphoniiformes)},

author = { S. Kvist and S. Utevsky and F. Marrone and R. Ben Ahmed and Ł. Gajda and C. Grosser and M. Huseynov and U. Jueg and A. Khomenko and A. Oceguera-Figueroa and V. Pešić and M. Pupins and Ra. Rouag and N. Sağlam and P. Świątek and P. Trontelj and L. Vecchioni and C. Müller},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85123239508&doi=10.1007%2fs10750-021-04786-5&partnerID=40&md5=768e52a6a1f0518fbab1dfb60dbc8263},

doi = {10.1007/s10750-021-04786-5},

issn = {00188158},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Hydrobiologia},

volume = {849},

number = {5},

pages = {1239-1259},

publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH},

abstract = {The bloodfeeding leech genus Placobdella is dominated by North American diversity, with only a single nominal species known from Central America and one from the Palearctic region. This is likely due to considerable underestimation of Palearctic biodiversity, but investigations into potential hidden diversity are lacking. To shed light on this, the present study introduces new data for specimens initially identified as Placobdella costata from Ukraine (close to the type locality), Italy, Germany, Latvia, Montenegro, Bulgaria, Slovenia, Turkey, Azerbaijan, Tunisia, and Algeria, and uses both nuclear (Internal Transcribed Spacer [ITS] region) and mitochondrial (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I [COI]) sequence data in phylogenetic and DNA barcoding frameworks, in order to better understand species-level diversity. Seven independent lineages are present in the trees, five of which show adequate separation at the COI locus to suggest their unique species-level status (COI distances between these clades range from 4.86 to 8.10%). However, the ITS data suggest that speciation is recent or incipient in these clades, and that not enough time has passed for clear separation at this locus. We discuss the evolutionary and taxonomic implications of our findings and speculate on dispersal events that may have contributed to shaping this pattern of geographic distribution. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.},

note = {10},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85124101110,

title = {Arabinogalactan Proteins in the Digestive Glands of Dionaea muscipula J.Ellis Traps},

author = { B.J. Płachno and M. Kapusta and P. Stolarczyk and P. Świątek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85124101110&doi=10.3390%2fcells11030586&partnerID=40&md5=b3ba2e1f19e3ef6f06bc41f976c97dc9},

doi = {10.3390/cells11030586},

issn = {20734409},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Cells},

volume = {11},

number = {3},

publisher = {MDPI},

abstract = {The arabinogalactan proteins (AGP) play important roles in plant growth and developmental processes. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is no information on the spatial distribution of AGP in the plant organs and tissues of carnivorous plants during their carnivorous cycle. The Dionaea muscipula trap forms an “external stomach” and is equipped with an effective digestive-absorbing system. Because its digestive glands are composed of specialized cells, the hypothesis that their cell walls are also very specialized in terms of their composition (AGP) compared to the cell wall of the trap epidermal and parenchyma cells was tested. Another aim of this study was to determine whether there is a spatio-temporal distribution of the AGP in the digestive glands during the secretory cycle of D. muscipula. Antibodies that act against AGPs, including JIM8, JIM13 and JIM14, were used. The localization of the examined compounds was determined using immunohistochemistry techniques and immunogold labeling. In both the un-fed and fed traps, there was an accumulation of AGP in the cell walls of the gland secretory cells. The epitope, which is recognized by JIM14, was a useful marker of the digestive glands. The secretory cells of the D. muscipula digestive glands are transfer cells and an accumulation of specific AGP was at the site where the cell wall labyrinth occurred. Immunogold labeling confirmed an occurrence of AGP in the cell wall ingrowths. There were differences in the AGP occurrence (labeled with JIM8 and JIM13) in the cell walls of the gland secretory cells between the unfed and fed traps. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.},

note = {5},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85135441745,

title = {The spatial structure (3D) and mechanical properties of the sponge Spongilla lacustris L. (Porifera: Spongillida) skeleton as a potential tensegral architecture},

author = { A. Woźnica and J. Karczewski and T. Bernaś and P. Świątek and M. Drab and R. Surma and M. Krzyżowski and B. Łozowski and R. Gwiazda and M. Libera and D. Absalon and A. Babczyńska},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85135441745&doi=10.1080%2f24750263.2022.2105964&partnerID=40&md5=d32c8660b692cf631fb930f88c6b6495},

doi = {10.1080/24750263.2022.2105964},

issn = {24750263},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {European Zoological Journal},

volume = {89},

number = {1},

pages = {1002-1017},

publisher = {Taylor and Francis Ltd.},

abstract = {Complex biological systems often provide ready solutions for contemporary engineering. One such organism might be sponges, primitive, tissueless animals whose evolution over 600 million years has allowed them to become highly specialized. An example of such an organism is the freshwater sponge Spongilla lacustris L., an organism that filters water. This study aimed to investigate the 3D structure of the aforementioned sponge using a broad spectrum of techniques such as Microcomputed Tomography (µCT), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM), and Light Microscopy. Additionally, these techniques have been used to correlate sponge architecture with mechanical properties using the concept of tensegrity, i.e., the feature of architectural structures that self-stabilize by balancing multidirectional, often opposing, tensile and compressive forces. A more detailed look at the structure of the sponge skeleton reveals that it is based on two elements: rigid siliceous spicules, chitin in in fibres with cementing collagen-type spongin material. The coexistence of these elements in the sponge structure determines the mechanical properties and, consequently, the sponge skeleton’s postulated tensegrity. Our observations indicate that the integrity of loose megascleres is realized by sponging material surrounding the bundles of spicules. Our distinction of skeletal elements was determined by the number of spicules in the bundle, the direction of spicule position relative to the main body axis, and the way the elements were connected. The arrangement of the bundles described above has important implications for the mechanical properties of the sponge skeleton and, consequently, for the tensegrity hypothesis. © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.},

note = {1},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85124110458,

title = {Germ-line cysts in animal gametogenesis - genesis, organization and functioning [Zespoły komórek płciowych w gametogenezie zwierząt - geneza, organizacja i funkcjonowanie]},

author = { P. Świątek and A.Z. Urbisz},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85124110458&doi=10.18388%2fpb.2021_408&partnerID=40&md5=1ebd43992220c12cdaf623789581288a},

doi = {10.18388/pb.2021_408},

issn = {00325422},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Postepy biochemii},

volume = {67},

number = {4},

pages = {309-322},

publisher = {NLM (Medline)},

abstract = {During early gametogenesis the incomplete mitotic divisions occur. The cytokinesis is blocked and the sister cells do not fully separate. Instead, they stay connected via modified contractile rings known as stable intercellular bridges or ring canals. Intercellular bridges are broad cytoplasmic strands (from 0;2μm to 20μm in diameter), which allow to exchange the gene products and organelles between interconnected cells. Such syncytial structures are termed germ-line cysts. As a rule, cysts are formed during spermatogenesis and they interconnect germ cells till sperm formation. In the female germ-line (oogenesis) cysts may not form at all, may be formed for a short period of time (till early meiosis) or may function till late oogenesis. Despite of universal mechanism of cysts formation (incomplete cytokinesis and bridge formation) there are substantial differences in cysts organization and functioning between taxa. The present paper gives the basic knowledge about formation and functioning of male and female germ-line cysts.W trakcie wczesnej gametogenezy zwierząt pojawiają się nietypowe podziały mitotyczne komórek płciowych, które nie kończą się pełną cytokinezą. W konsekwencji potomne komórki nie są kompletnie rozdzielone ale pozostają przez pewien czas połączone zmodyfikowanymi pierścieniami zaciskowymi zwanymi stabilnymi mostkami międzykomórkowymi. Mostki te to na tyle szerokie pasma cytoplazmy (od 0;2 μm do 20 μm), że możliwa jest wymiana zarówno produktów genowych jak i organelli pomiędzy połączonymi komórkami. Takie syncytialne twory nazywamy zespołami (cystami) komórek płciowych. Zespoły występują powszechnie w trakcie spermatogenezy zwierząt łącząc z sobą męskie komórki płciowe aż do ich przekształcenia w plemniki. W linii żeńskiej (oogeneza) zespoły mogą się w ogóle nie formować, powstają na bardzo krótki czas (do początku mejozy) lub na dłużej (do zaawansowanej oogenezy). Pomimo uniwersalnego mechanizmu powstawania zespołów (niepełna cytokineza) obserwujemy dużą różnorodność w ich organizacji przestrzennej i funkcjonowaniu. Niniejszy artykuł przedstawia podstawowe fakty związane z powstawaniem i funkcjonowaniem zespołów komórek płciowych w linii męskiej i żeńskiej.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85106239969,

title = {Influence of selected biogenic amines on development and demographic parameters of a temperate population of Cinara (Cupressobium) cupressi (Hemiptera, Aphididae)},

author = { K. Wieczorek and P. Świątek and R. Durak},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85106239969&doi=10.1007%2fs11829-021-09839-z&partnerID=40&md5=1ca59773026e79d51ba233aa8c3c46ee},

doi = {10.1007/s11829-021-09839-z},

issn = {18728855},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Arthropod-Plant Interactions},

volume = {15},

number = {4},

pages = {583-593},

publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media B.V.},

abstract = {Cinara (Cupressobium) cupressi, the cypress aphid, is a serious pest of Cupressus spp. and other Cupressaceae, considered to be one of the world’s 100 worst invasive alien species. The potential influence of selected biogenic amines (tryptamine; tyramine; putrescine; and cadaverine) on development and demographic parameters of a temperate population of the cypress aphid was investigated under laboratory conditions. Within parthenogenetic generations, the use of biogenic amines resulted in a significant reduction in the total fecundity and the average daily fecundity both in the fundatrix (F0) and the fundatrigeniae (F1), whereas this influence in the F5 generation was insignificant. In all parthenogenetic generations treated with amines, the dissected female abdomen contained a greater number of mature embryos compared to control samples. Cadaverine caused marked changes in the body length of all viviparous generations studied and a significant reduction in the number of developing embryos, compared to the control sample. The use of biogenic amines did not significantly affect the number of eggs produced by oviparous females but had an impact on their lifespan. Our results indicate that biogenic amines application may disrupt feeding behavior and thus leads to reduced fecundity, consistent with the observation of reduced embryo production. Consequently, bioamines can be used as an alternative agents to control this important pest species. © 2021, The Author(s).},

note = {2},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85109382240,

title = {Living between land and water – structural and functional adaptations in vegetative organs of bladderworts},

author = { M.S. Reut and P. Świątek and V.F.O. Miranda and B.J. Płachno},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85109382240&doi=10.1007%2fs11104-021-04929-6&partnerID=40&md5=245d778643851ddc3cbbda005387d8cc},

doi = {10.1007/s11104-021-04929-6},

issn = {0032079X},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Plant and Soil},

volume = {464},

number = {1-2},

pages = {237-255},

publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH},

abstract = {Aims: The carnivorous Utricularia (Lentibulariaceae) has an anatomically simple and seemingly rootless vegetative body. It occupies a variety of wetlands and inland waters and shows a broad range of life forms. Here, we aimed to elucidate structural and functional traits in various hydric conditions. Furthermore, we intended to evaluate morpho-anatomical adaptations in correlation with life forms. Methods: Morpho-anatomical characteristics typical for hydrophytes of all life forms were investigated by light microscopy on 13 Utricularia taxa, compared to one Pinguicula and two Genlisea taxa, and assessed by multivariate analyses. Results: Vegetative structures of Utricularia and Genlisea showed reduced cortical, supporting, and vascular tissues. With increasing water table, leaves were thinner, and narrower or dissected, and submerged organs tended to contain chloroplasts in parenchymatic and epidermal cells. In some main stolons, an endodermis with Casparian strips was visible. Large gas chambers, including a novel ‘crescent’ and a special ‘hollow’ aerenchyma pattern, were found in amphibious to free-floating taxa. Conclusions: The evolutionary transfer of carnivory from aerial to subterranean organs in Genlisea, and even more in Utricularia, coincides with a highly simplified anatomy, which is adapted to a broad variety of hydric conditions and compensates for structural innovations in the uptake of nutrients. © 2021, The Author(s).},

note = {2},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85106441323,

title = {Spatio-temporal distribution of cell wall components in the placentas, ovules and female gametophytes of utricularia during pollination},

author = { B.J. Płachno and M. Kapusta and P. Świątek and K. Banaś and V.F.O. Miranda and A. Bogucka-Kocka},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85106441323&doi=10.3390%2fijms22115622&partnerID=40&md5=3bde0bebd7026df229f72c2aaafe935e},

doi = {10.3390/ijms22115622},

issn = {16616596},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Molecular Sciences},

volume = {22},

number = {11},

publisher = {MDPI},

abstract = {In most angiosperms, the female gametophyte is hidden in the mother tissues and the pollen tube enters the ovule via a micropylar canal. The mother tissues play an essential role in the pollen tube guidance. However, in Utricularia, the female gametophyte surpasses the entire micropylar canal and extends beyond the limit of the integument. The female gametophyte then invades the placenta and a part of the central cell has direct contact with the ovary chamber. To date, information about the role of the placenta and integument in pollen tube guidance in Utricularia, which have extra-ovular female gametophytes, has been lacking. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of the placenta, central cell and integument in pollen tube pollen tube guidance in Utricularia nelumbifolia Gardner and Utricularia humboldtii R.H. Schomb. by studying the production of arabinogalactan proteins. It was also determined whether the production of the arabinogalactan proteins is dependent on pollination in Utricularia. In both of the examined species, arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) were observed in the placenta (epidermis and nutritive tissue), ovule (integument; chalaza), and female gametophyte of both pollinated and unpollinated flowers, which means that the production of AGPs is independent of pollination; however, the production of some AGPs was lower after fertilization. There were some differences in the production of AGPs between the examined species. The occurrence of AGPs in the placental epidermis and nutritive tissue suggests that they function as an obturator. The production of some AGPs in the ovular tissues (nucellus; integument) was independent of the presence of a mature embryo sac. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.},

note = {4},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85099868244,

title = {The activity of hydrolytic enzymes in the digestive system of Acanthobdellida, Branchiobdellida and Hirudinida (Annelida, Clitellata)–considerations on similarity and phylogeny},

author = { J.M. Cichocka and A. Bielecki and P. Świątek and I. Jabłońska-Barna and J. Kobak and J. Hildebrand and M. Dmitryjuk and W. Strużyński and M.M. Rost-Roszkowska},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85099868244&doi=10.1080%2f24750263.2020.1851402&partnerID=40&md5=743f9aa03cd10f5d9db1444c9a1a648d},

doi = {10.1080/24750263.2020.1851402},

issn = {24750263},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {European Zoological Journal},

volume = {88},

number = {1},

pages = {26-43},

publisher = {Taylor and Francis Ltd.},

abstract = {Activities of nineteen hydrolases were measured in the digestive systems of predatory and blood-feeding true leeches (Hirudinida) and their closest relatives, Branchiobdellida and Acanthobdellida. Hydrolase activities were analyzed in different parts of the digestive systems: the species-specific anterior part, i.e. jaws, pharynx or proboscis, crop and intestine. The results obtained suggest that food digestion and possible absorption predominate in the intestine of most of the studied Hirudinida and A. peledina, whereas in B. astaci these processes take place in the anterior part of the digestive system and crop. In Erpobdellidae and Piscicola respirans, the activity of acid and alkaline phosphatases, N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase, leucine and valine arylamidases, and α-fucosidase was also detected in the anterior part of the digestive system. We also detected differences in enzyme occurrence between the studied species, which are probably connected with their different food preferences. Moreover, the presence of the whole spectrum of enzymes in predatory leeches and the absence of trypsin and α-chymotrypsin activity in the crop of all the leeches support the hypothesis that the leech ancestor was a blood-feeder. Our study showed that “Rhynchobdellida” constitute a paraphyletic group which confirms the previous results based on molecular phylogenetics, while Arhynchobdellida appears to be a non-monophyletic group which is not consistent with previous molecular results. © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.},

note = {2},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85095425107,

title = {The apical cell – An enigmatic somatic cell in leech ovaries – Structure and putative functions},

author = { S. Gorgoń and P. Świątek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85095425107&doi=10.1016%2fj.ydbio.2020.10.004&partnerID=40&md5=77b7df40903b58be05318c5db760c176},

doi = {10.1016/j.ydbio.2020.10.004},

issn = {00121606},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Developmental Biology},

volume = {469},

pages = {111-124},

publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},

abstract = {Although somatic cells play an integral role in animal gametogenesis, their organization and function are usually poorly characterized, especially in non-model systems. One such example is a peculiar cell found in leech ovaries – the apical cell (AC). A single AC can be found at the apical tip of each ovary cord, the functional unit of leech ovaries, where it is surrounded by other somatic and germline cells. The AC is easily distinguished due to its enormous size and its numerous long cytoplasmic projections that penetrate the space between neighboring cells. It is also characterized by a prominent accumulation of mitochondria, Golgi complexes and electron-dense vesicles. ACs are also enriched in cytoskeleton, mainly in form of intermediate filaments. Additionally, the AC is connected to neighboring cells via junctions that structurally resemble hemidesmosomes. In spite of numerous descriptive data about the AC, its functions remain poorly understood. Its suggested functions include a role in forming skeleton for the germline cells, and a role in defining a niche for germline stem cells. The latter is more speculative, since germline stem cells have not been identified in leech ovaries. Somatic cells with similar morphological properties to those of the AC have been found in gonads of nematodes – the distal tip cell – and in insects – Verson's cell, hub cells and cap cells. In the present article we summarize information about the AC structure and its putative functions. AC is compared with other well-described somatic cells with potentially similar roles in gametogenesis. © 2020 Elsevier Inc.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85092754890,

title = {Microorganization of ovaries and oogenesis of Haplotaxis sp. (Clitellata: Haplotaxidae)},

author = { A.Z. Urbisz and P. Martin and M. Lagnika and Ł. Chajec and P. Świątek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85092754890&doi=10.1002%2fjmor.21285&partnerID=40&md5=34f7ba41b3dadeb3e9ec5b76cc8b5f8b},

doi = {10.1002/jmor.21285},

issn = {03622525},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Morphology},

volume = {282},

number = {1},

pages = {98-114},

publisher = {John Wiley and Sons Inc},

abstract = {Ovaries of Haplotaxis sp. were studied in active and nonactive states, that is, in a sexually mature specimen and in specimens outside of the reproductive period. Two pairs of ovaries were found in segments XI and XII. Especially in the nonactive state, they were in close contact with copulatory glands. Each ovary was composed of germ cells interconnected with syncytial cysts, which were enveloped by a layer of somatic cells. Within cysts each germ cell had one ring canal connecting it to the common anuclear cytoplasmic mass called a cytophore. During oogenesis clustering germ cells differentiated into nurse cells and oocytes; thus, the oogenesis was recognized as meroistic. Vitellogenic oocytes were detached from the ovaries and continued yolk absorption within the body cavity. Because recent studies have shown the variety of ovaries and germ line cyst organization in clitellates and suggest their evolutionary conservatism at the family or subfamily level, the data presented here can be valid in understanding the phylogenetic relationships among Clitellata. In this context, ovaries found in Haplotaxis sp. resembled those of the “Tubifex” type. “Tubifex” ovaries are characteristic for numerous microdrile taxa (tubificines; limnodriloidines; propappids; lumbriculids; and leech-like branchiobdellids) and can be regarded as the primary character for these Clitellata in which germ-line cysts are formed during early oogenesis. As the family Haplotaxidae is currently considered to be paraphyletic and the species studied here belongs to Haplotaxidae sensu stricto, our results support the close relationship of Haplotaxidae sensu stricto to the clade consisting of Lumbriculidae, Branchiobdellida, and Hirudinida, in which lumbriculids are sister to the latter two. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.},

note = {3},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85092408054,

title = {An ultrastructural study of the ovary cord organization and oogenesis in the amphibian leech Batracobdella algira (Annelida, Clitellata, Hirudinida)},

author = { R. Ben Ahmed and A.Z. Urbisz and P. Świątek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85092408054&doi=10.1007%2fs00709-020-01560-7&partnerID=40&md5=b91155d5f2d90b84c2b2383a2d3a2925},

doi = {10.1007/s00709-020-01560-7},

issn = {0033183X},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Protoplasma},

volume = {258},

number = {1},

pages = {191-207},

publisher = {Springer},

abstract = {This study reveals the ovary micromorphology and the course of oogenesis in the leech Batracobdella algira (Glossiphoniidae). Using light, fluorescence, and electron microscopies, the paired ovaries were analyzed. At the beginning of the breeding season, the ovaries were small, but as oogenesis progressed, they increased in size significantly, broadened, and elongated. A single convoluted ovary cord was located inside each ovary. The ovary cord was composed of numerous germ cells gathered into syncytial groups, which are called germ-line cysts. During oogenesis, the clustering germ cells differentiated into two functional categories, i.e., nurse cells and oocytes, and therefore, this oogenesis was recognized as being meroistic. As a rule, each clustering germ cell had one connection in the form of a broad cytoplasmic channel (intercellular bridge) that connected it to the cytophore. There was a synchrony in the development of the clustering germ cells in the whole ovary cord. In the immature leeches, the ovary cords contained undifferentiated germ cells exclusively, from which, previtellogenic oocytes and nurse cells differentiated as the breeding season progressed. Only the oocytes grew considerably, gathered nutritive material, and protruded at the ovary cord surface. The vitellogenic oocytes subsequently detached from the cord and filled tightly the ovary sac, while the nurse cells and the cytophore degenerated. Ripe eggs were finally deposited into the cocoons. A comparison of the ovary structure and oogenesis revealed that almost all of the features that are described in the studied species were similar to those that are known from other representatives of Glossiphoniidae, which indicates their evolutionary conservatism within this family. © 2020, Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85097842253,

title = {Immunodetection of pectic epitopes, arabinogalactan proteins, and extensins in mucilage cells from the ovules of pilosella officinarum vaill. and taraxacum officinale agg. (asteraceae)},

author = { B.J. Płachno and M. Kapusta and P. Świątek and P. Stolarczyk and J. Kocki},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85097842253&doi=10.3390%2fijms21249642&partnerID=40&md5=e4209fae440e4eee9f8261113910bac6},

doi = {10.3390/ijms21249642},

issn = {16616596},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Molecular Sciences},

volume = {21},

number = {24},

pages = {1-21},

publisher = {MDPI AG},

abstract = {The main aim of this study was to compare the cytological difference between ovular mucilage cells in two Asteraceae species—Pilosella officinarum and Taraxacum officinale—in order to determine whether pectic epitopes, arabinogalactan proteins, or extensins are present. The immunocytochemical technique was used. Both the Taracacum and Pilosella genera have been used recently as models for understanding the mechanisms of apomixis. Knowledge of the presence of signal molecules (pectic epitopes; arabinogalactan proteins; and extensins) can help better understand the developmental processes in these plants during seed growth. The results showed that in Pilosella officinarum, there was an accumulation of pectins in the mucilage, including both weakly and highly esterified pectins, which was in contrast to the mucilage of Taraxacum officinale, which had low amounts of these pectins. However, Taraxacum protoplasts of mucilage cells were rich in weakly methyl-esterified pectins. While the mucilage contained arabinogalactan proteins in both of the studied species, the types of arabinogalactan proteins were different. In both of the studied species, extensins were recorded in the transmitting tissues. Arabinogalactan proteins as well as weakly and highly esterified pectins and extensins occurred in close proximity to calcium oxalate crystals in both Taraxacum and Pilosella cells. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.},

note = {8},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85094982630,

title = {Do food trichomes occur in Pinguicula (Lentibulariaceae) flowers?},

author = { K. Lustofin and P. Świątek and P. Stolarczyk and V.F.O. Miranda and B.J. Płachno},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85094982630&doi=10.1093%2faob%2fmcaa123&partnerID=40&md5=140f075bf243a675b5a575c8a400a58a},

doi = {10.1093/aob/mcaa123},

issn = {03057364},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Annals of Botany},

volume = {126},

number = {6},

pages = {1039-1048},

publisher = {Oxford University Press},

abstract = {Background and Aims Floral food bodies (including edible trichomes) are a form of floral reward for pollinators. This type of nutritive reward has been recorded in several angiosperm families: Annonaceae, Araceae, Calycanthaceae, Eupomatiaceae, Himantandraceae, Nymphaeaceae, Orchidaceae, Pandanaceae and Winteraceae. Although these bodies are very diverse in their structure, their cells contain food material: starch grains, protein bodies or lipid droplets. In Pinguicula flowers, there are numerous multicellular clavate trichomes. Previous authors have proposed that these trichomes in the Pinguicula flower play the role of 'futterhaare' ('feeding hairs') and are eaten by pollinators. The main aim of this study was to investigate whether the floral non-glandular trichomes of Pinguicula contain food reserves and thus are a reward for pollinators. The trichomes from the Pinguicula groups, which differ in their taxonomy (species from the subgenera: Temnoceras; Pinguicula and Isoloba) as well as the types of their pollinators (butterflies/flies and bees/hummingbirds), were examined. Thus, it was determined whether there are any connections between the occurrence of food trichomes and phylogeny position or pollination biology. Additionally, we determined the phylogenetic history of edible trichomes and pollinator evolution in the Pinguicula species. • Methods The species that were sampled were: Pinguicula moctezumae, P. esseriana, P. moranensis, P. emarginata, P. rectifolia, P. mesophytica, P. hemiepiphytica, P. agnata, P. albida, P. ibarrae, P. martinezii, P. filifolia, P. gigantea, P. lusitanica, P. alpina and P. vulgaris. Light microscopy, histochemistry, and scanning and transmission electron microscopy were used to address our aims with a phylogenetic perspective based on matK/ trnK DNA sequences. • Key Results No accumulation of protein bodies or lipid droplets was recorded in the floral non-glandular trichomes of any of the analysed species. Starch grains occurred in the cells of the trichomes of the bee-/fly-pollinated species: P. agnata, P. albida, P. ibarrae, P. martinezii, P. filifolia and P. gigantea, but not in P. alpina or P. vulgaris. Moreover, starch grains were not recorded in the cells of the trichomes of the Pinguicula species that have long spurs, which are pollinated by Lepidoptera (P. moctezumae; P. esseriana; P. moranensis; P. emarginata and P. rectifolia) or birds (P. mesophytica and P. hemiepihytica), or in species with a small and whitish corolla that self-pollinate (P. lusitanica). The results on the occurrence of edible trichomes and pollinator syndromes were mapped onto a phylogenetic reconstruction of the genus. • Conclusion Floral non-glandular trichomes play the role of edible trichomes in some Pinguicula species (P. agnata; P. albida; P. ibarrae; P. martinezii; P. filifolia and P. gigantea), which are mainly classified as bee-pollinated species that had originated from Central and South America. It seems that in the Pinguicula that are pollinated by other pollinator groups (Lepidoptera and hummingbirds), the non-glandular trichomes in the flowers play a role other than that of a floral reward for their pollinators. Edible trichomes are symplesiomorphic for the Pinguicula species, and thus do not support a monophyletic group such as a synapomorphy. Nevertheless, edible trichomes are derived and are possibly a specialization for fly and bee pollinators by acting as a food reward for these visitors. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Annals of Botany Company.},

note = {4},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85090244168,

title = {Ovary cord micromorphology in the blood-sucking haemadipsid leech Haemadipsa japonica (Hirudinida: Arhynchobdellida: Hirudiniformes)},

author = { A.Z. Urbisz and T. Nakano and P. Świątek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85090244168&doi=10.1016%2fj.micron.2020.102929&partnerID=40&md5=0805deeb401b5e847149c6b5a566c1e8},

doi = {10.1016/j.micron.2020.102929},

issn = {09684328},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Micron},

volume = {138},

publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},

abstract = {This is the first report that describes histological and ultrastructural details of ovary organization in haemadipsid leeches. In Haemadipsa japonica, the female reproductive system is organized similar to that of other haemadipsids. Each of the paired and oval ovaries of H. japonica is comprised of the ovary wall (ovisac), which encloses two elongated, thread-like ovarian units termed ovary cords. Ovary cords are comprised of germ-line cells and associated somatic cells. Each cord is polarized and contains germ-line cells in the consecutive developmental stages that are sequentially located along the long cord axis. There were three zones in each cord: the club-shaped apical part, the thread-like middle part, and the basal-most end, which contains degenerating germ cells. Outside of the reproductive period, the middle part of the cord in leeches is smooth, and no growing oocytes are visible; alternatively, in mature specimens, several growing oocytes protrude from the cord, and several huge vitellogenic oocytes that are completely detached from the cord occur within the ovisac. Ovary cord organization and functioning in H. japonica are very similar to the ‘Hirudo’ type cords that were found in several hirudiniform leeches. This conclusion supports the view that all hirudiniform leeches have conservative ovary cord organization and a similar pattern of oogenesis. Germ-line cyst composition, architecture, and functioning were also found to be evolutionarily conservative characteristics when compared with all previously examined Clitellata. In the germ-line cysts found in H. japonica each cell is connected to the central and anuclear cytoplasmic mass (cytophore) via one intercellular bridge, and, as oogenesis progresses, the fate of interconnected cell diversifies: some of them (oocytes) grow and complete oogenesis, but the majority become nurse cells and finally degenerate. Thus, oogenesis in H. japonica, similar to other clitellates, can be considered meroistic. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd},

note = {4},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85088298833,

title = {Structural features of carnivorous plant (Genlisea, utricularia) tubers as abiotic stress resistance organs},

author = { B.J. Płachno and S.R. Silva and P. Świątek and K.W. Dixon and K. Lustofin and G.C. Seber and V.F.O. Miranda},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85088298833&doi=10.3390%2fijms21145143&partnerID=40&md5=f8286ff7843b2c0277f7bec5bed78221},

doi = {10.3390/ijms21145143},

issn = {16616596},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Molecular Sciences},

volume = {21},

number = {14},

pages = {1-20},

publisher = {MDPI AG},

abstract = {Carnivorous plants from the Lentibulariaceae form a variety of standard and novel vegetative organs and survive unfavorable environmental conditions. Within Genlisea, only G. tuberosa, from the Brazilian Cerrado, formed tubers, while Utricularia menziesii is the only member of the genus to form seasonally dormant tubers. We aimed to examine and compare the tuber structure of two taxonomically and phylogenetically divergent terrestrial carnivorous plants: Genlisea tuberosa and Utricularia menziesii. Additionally, we analyzed tubers of U. mannii. We constructed phylogenetic trees using chloroplast genes matK/trnK and rbcL and used studied characters for ancestral state reconstruction. All examined species contained mainly starch as histologically observable reserves. The ancestral state reconstruction showed that specialized organs such as turions evolved once and tubers at least 12 times from stolons in Lentibulariaceae. Different from other clades, tubers probably evolved from thick stolons for sect. Orchidioides and both structures are primarily water storage structures. In contrast to species from section Orchidioides, G. tuberosa, U. menziesii and U. mannii form starchy tubers. In G. tuberosa and U. menziesii, underground tubers provide a perennating bud bank that protects the species in their fire-prone and seasonally desiccating environments. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.},

note = {4},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85087560411,

title = {Micromorphology of the model species pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum (Hemiptera, Aphididae) with special emphasis on the sensilla structure},

author = { M. Kanturski and P. Świątek and J. Trela and B. Borowiak-Sobkowiak and K. Wieczorek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85087560411&doi=10.1080%2f24750263.2020.1779827&partnerID=40&md5=b3e5c5c76cf13ad96db8403e5e0892e2},

doi = {10.1080/24750263.2020.1779827},

issn = {24750263},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {European Zoological Journal},

volume = {87},

number = {1},

pages = {336-356},

publisher = {Taylor and Francis Ltd.},

abstract = {The pea aphid complex [Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris 1776)] (Hemiptera; Aphididae), listed among the 14 aphid species of the greatest economic importance, is a globally distributed key pest of pulse crops. Since the pea aphid is a well-studied model organism, an enormous amount of literature has been published about this species. However, comprehensive morphological analyses using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), focused on all body parts of adult viviparous and sexual generations of A. pisum, are lacking. Thus, we present the first detailed morphological description of all body parts of adult wingless and winged viviparous females (parthenogenetic generation) as well as oviparous females, winged and wingless males (sexual generation), representing the most common A. pisum pea biotype. In particular, the sensilla of the body surface, antennae, mouthparts, legs and male genitalia are mapped by the high-resolution scanning electron microscope. The morphological diversity of sensilla is discussed in the context of their function and the biology of aphids. © 2020, © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.},

note = {1},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85086946710,

title = {Life in the current: Anatomy and morphology of utricularia neottioides},

author = { B.J. Płachno and L. Adamec and P. Świątek and M. Kapusta and V.F.O. Miranda},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85086946710&doi=10.3390%2fijms21124474&partnerID=40&md5=0f4e3b76de2aeae9712d01ec1e742f8f},

doi = {10.3390/ijms21124474},

issn = {16616596},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Molecular Sciences},

volume = {21},

number = {12},

pages = {1-18},

publisher = {MDPI AG},

abstract = {Rheophytism is extremely rare in the Utricularia genus (there are four strictly rheophytic species out of a total of about 260). Utricularia neottioides is an aquatic rheophytic species exclusively growing attached to bedrocks in the South American streams. Utricularia neottioides was considered to be trap-free by some authors, suggesting that it had given up carnivory due to its specific habitat. Our aim was to compare the anatomy of rheophytic U. neottioides with an aquatic Utricularia species with a typical linear monomorphic shoot from the section Utricularia, U. reflexa, which grows in standing or very slowly streaming African waters. Additionally, we compared the immunodetection of cell wall components of both species. Light microscopy, histochemistry, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy were used to address our aims. In U. neottioides, two organ systems can be distinguished: organs (stolons; inflorescence stalk) which possess sclerenchyma and are thus resistant to water currents, and organs without sclerenchyma (leaf-like shoots), which are submissive to the water streaming/movement. Due to life in the turbulent habitat, U. neottioides evolved specific characters including an anchor system with stolons, which have asymmetric structures, sclerenchyma and they form adhesive trichomes on the ventral side. This anchor stolon system performs additional multiple functions including photosynthesis, nutrient storage, vegetative reproduction. In contrast with typical aquatic Utricularia species from the section Utricularia growing in standing waters, U. neottioides stems have a well-developed sclerenchyma system lacking large gas spaces. Plants produce numerous traps, so they should still be treated as a fully carnivorous plant. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.},

note = {7},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85075735852,

title = {Description of ovary organization and oogenesis in a phreodrilid clitellate},

author = { P. Świątek and A. Pinder and Ł. Gajda},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85075735852&doi=10.1002%2fjmor.21081&partnerID=40&md5=68bdc126b5170b5414d3ef998ef5a179},

doi = {10.1002/jmor.21081},

issn = {03622525},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Morphology},

volume = {281},

number = {1},

pages = {81-94},

publisher = {John Wiley and Sons Inc.},

abstract = {Phreodrilidae is a small family uniting about 50 species of minute freshwater clitellate annelids inhabiting mainly the Southern hemisphere. Other than the male and spermathecal genitalia, their internal organization is poorly known. Here, we present results of our study of the ovaries and oogenesis in Insulodrilus bifidus, a phreodrilid from Western Australia using light and electron microscopy. The ovaries are paired and located in segment XII. They are inconspicuous and composed of several (10–12) spherical germ-line cysts loosely interconnected by flattened somatic cells. The cysts usually comprise 32 germ cells and each cell is connected via a cytoplasmic bridge (ring canal) to the central cytoplasmic mass (the cytophore). In ovaries, germ cells in a given cyst develop in full synchrony. However, there is no synchrony among cysts, so there is a developmental gradient of cysts (from oogonial to early meiotic) along the longitudinal ovary axis. Within the cysts that are located in the distal end of the ovary the synchrony is finally lost and interconnected cells diversify into two morphologically distinct categories: an oocyte and 31 nurse cells. Such cysts detach from the ovaries and further development occurs within the body cavity. The oocyte gathers nutrients, mainly in form of yolk spheres, whereas nurse cells grow slightly and do not gather yolk. Organelles such as ribosomes, mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum pass freely through the ring canals and are present within the cytophore, which suggests cytoplasmic transfer towards the oocyte. The formation of female germ-line cysts equipped with cytophore and cells differentiated into oocyte and nurse cells matches the general pattern of oogenesis found in clitellates. In details, the ovary organization and oogenesis found in I. bifidus resembles the situation described in some representatives of Naidinae and Enchytraeidae. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.},

note = {4},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85071099168,

title = {Flower nectar trichome structure of carnivorous plants from the genus butterworts Pinguicula L. (Lentibulariaceae)},

author = { K. Lustofin and P. Świątek and V.F.O. Miranda and B.J. Płachno},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85071099168&doi=10.1007%2fs00709-019-01433-8&partnerID=40&md5=e0a884f0f50ef452a96a73a47436744a},

doi = {10.1007/s00709-019-01433-8},

issn = {0033183X},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Protoplasma},

volume = {257},

number = {1},

pages = {245-259},

publisher = {Springer},

abstract = {Pinguicula (Lentibulariaceae) is a genus comprising around 96 species of herbaceous, carnivorous plants, which are extremely diverse in flower size, colour and spur length and structure as well as pollination strategy. In Pinguicula, nectar is formed in the flower spur; however, there is a gap in the knowledge about the nectary trichome structure in this genus. Our aim was to compare the nectary trichome structure of various Pinguicula species in order to determine whether there are any differences among the species in this genus. The taxa that were sampled were Pinguicula moctezumae, P. moranensis, P. rectifolia, P. emarginata and P. esseriana. We used light microscopy, histochemistry, scanning and transmission electron microscopy to address those aims. We show a conservative nectary trichome structure and spur anatomy in various Mexican Pinguicula species. The gross structural similarities between the examined species were the spur anatomy, the occurrence of papillae, the architecture of the nectary trichomes and the ultrastructure characters of the trichome cells. However, there were some differences in the spur length, the size of spur trichomes, the occurrence of starch grains in the spur parenchyma and the occurrence of cell wall ingrowths in the terminal cells of the nectary trichomes. Similar nectary capitate trichomes, as are described here, were recorded in the spurs of species from other Lentibulariaceae genera. There are many ultrastructural similarities between the cells of nectary trichomes in Pinguicula and Utricularia. © 2019, The Author(s).},

note = {6},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85068316789,

title = {Microscopic analysis of spermatogenesis and mature spermatozoa in the amphibian leech Batracobdella algira (Annelida, Clitellata, Hirudinida)},

author = { R. Ben Ahmed and K. Małota and X. Unrecognized and P. Świątek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85068316789&doi=10.1007%2fs00709-019-01407-w&partnerID=40&md5=076140d9f3da2b0042a0abbdf290afea},

doi = {10.1007/s00709-019-01407-w},

issn = {0033183X},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Protoplasma},

volume = {256},

number = {6},

pages = {1609-1627},

publisher = {Springer-Verlag Wien},

abstract = {Spermatogenesis and spermatozoa ultrastructure of the amphibian leech Batracobdella algira Moquin-Tandon, 1846 (Hirudinida: Glossiphoniidae) have been investigated by means of electron and fluorescent microscopy. In B. algira, there are seven pairs of testisacs (testes) that are located latero-ventrally throughout the body. Each testis contains numerous cysts with developing germ cells. The germ cells in a given cyst are in the same developmental stage (i.e.; there are spermatogonial; spermatocytic; and spermatid cysts); however, there is no developmental synchrony between the cysts, and therefore, all of the developmental stages occur simultaneously in the same testis. In the cysts, each germ cell is connected to acentral cytoplasmic mass, the cytophore, by one intercellular bridge. The spermatozoa of the studied species conform to the general organization plan that is known for Hirudinida: they are filiform cells that are formed in sequence by an elongated and twisted acrosome that consists of an anterior and posterior acrosome, a fully condensed and helicoid nucleus, a midpiece composed of a single and twisted mitochondrion that is characteristically surrounded by an electron-dense sheath, and a flagellum with the conventional 9 × 2 + 2 axonemal pattern. Using a comprehensive approach, we compared our findings with the ultrastructural data that had been obtained from the spermatozoa of the other hirudinids that have been studied to date. Only minor differences in the length and shape of the studied organelles were found which seems to be connected with the different ways of insemination, specific properties of female reproductive tracts, and physiology of fertilization. Additionally, we studied the organization of the microtubular cytoskeleton in male germline cysts at consecutive stages of spermatogenesis using fluorescent and electron microscopy. By comparing the present data with those from Oligochaeta, Branchiobdellida, and Acanthobdellida, we found that only the presence of an anterior acrosome characterizes the true leeches and that, at present, should be regarded as an autapomorphic character of Hirudinida. Our results showed that the arrangement of the microtubules changed dynamically during spermatogenesis. © 2019, Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85067399157,

title = {Floral micromorphology and nectar composition of the early evolutionary lineage Utricularia (subgenus Polypompholyx, Lentibulariaceae)},

author = { B.J. Płachno and M. Stpiczyńska and P. Świątek and H. Lambers and G.R. Cawthray and F.J. Nge and S.R. Silva and V.F.O. Miranda},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85067399157&doi=10.1007%2fs00709-019-01401-2&partnerID=40&md5=6a5abce817a731ec5336be789d263a10},

doi = {10.1007/s00709-019-01401-2},

issn = {0033183X},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Protoplasma},

volume = {256},

number = {6},

pages = {1531-1543},

publisher = {Springer-Verlag Wien},

abstract = {Utricularia (Lentibulariaceae) is a genus comprising around 240 species of herbaceous, carnivorous plants. Utricularia is usually viewed as an insect-pollinated genus, with the exception of a few bird-pollinated species. The bladderworts Utricularia multifida and U. tenella are interesting species because they represent an early evolutionary Utricularia branch and have some unusual morphological characters in their traps and calyx. Thus, our aims were to (i) determine whether the nectar sugar concentrations and composition in U. multifida and U. tenella are similar to those of other Utricularia species from the subgenera Polypompholyx and Utricularia, (ii) compare the nectary structure of U. multifida and U. tenella with those of other Utricularia species, and (iii) determine whether U. multifida and U. tenella use some of their floral trichomes as an alternative food reward for pollinators. We used light microscopy, histochemistry, and scanning and transmission electron microscopy to address those aims. The concentration and composition of nectar sugars were analysed using high-performance liquid chromatography. In all of the examined species, the floral nectary consisted of a spur bearing glandular trichomes. The spur produced and stored the nectar. We detected hexose-dominated (fructose + glucose) nectar in U. multifida and U. tenella as well as in U. violacea. In both U. multifida and U. tenella, there were trichomes that blocked the entrance into the throat and spur. Because these trichomes were rich in chromoplasts and contained lipid droplets, they may form an additional visual attractant. Bearing in mind the phylogenetic hypothesis for the genus, we suggest that an early ancestor of Utricularia had a nectariferous spur flower with a lower lip that formed a wide landing platform for bee pollinators. © 2019, The Author(s).},

note = {5},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85064228953,

title = {The trap architecture of Utricularia multifida and Utricularia westonii (subg. Polypompholyx)},

author = { B.J. Płachno and P. Świątek and L. Adamec and S. Carvalho and V.F.O. Miranda},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85064228953&doi=10.3389%2ffpls.2019.00336&partnerID=40&md5=13af62667c97d3d6352d5680550b52ac},

doi = {10.3389/fpls.2019.00336},

issn = {1664462X},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Frontiers in Plant Science},

volume = {10},

publisher = {Frontiers Media S.A.},

abstract = {Utricularia are carnivorous plants which have small hollow vesicles as suction traps that work underwater by means of negative pressure and watertightness of the entrance for capturing small animal prey. Utricularia multifida and U. westonii have specific thick-walled traps, which are triangular in a transverse section but their functioning is unclear. Some authors suggest that the trap door in U. multifida acts as a simple valve without a suction trapping mechanism. Our main aim was to check the anatomical trap characters that are responsible for possible water outflow and maintaining negative pressure as main functional parts of the active trap suction mechanism in both species. Using different microscopic techniques, we investigated the ultrastructure of external trap glands, quadrifids, glands near the entrance (bifids; monofids), and also pavement epithelium. Quadrifids of both species have a similar structure to those known in other species from the genus, which possess the suction trap mechanism. Glands near the entrance in U. multifida and U. westonii, which are responsible for water pumping in other species, are typically developed as in other species in the genus and have pedestal cells which are transfer cells. The transfer cells also occur in glands of the pavement epithelium, which is again typically developed as in other species in the genus. Simple biophysical tests did not confirm reliably neither the negative underpressure formation in the traps nor the watertightness of the entrance in both species. Our anatomical results indirectly support the hypothesis that both species have suction traps like all other Utricularia species, but the biophysical data rather suggest a passive valve mechanism. © 2019 Płachno, Świątek, Adamec, Carvalho and Miranda.},

note = {7},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85064222834,

title = {The structure and occurrence of a velum in Utricularia traps (Lentibulariaceae)},

author = { B.J. Płachno and P. Świątek and V.F.O. Miranda and P. Stolarczyk},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85064222834&doi=10.3389%2ffpls.2019.00302&partnerID=40&md5=5bf7d5e71c621d3167a43a0ee7e6561b},

doi = {10.3389/fpls.2019.00302},

issn = {1664462X},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Frontiers in Plant Science},

volume = {10},

publisher = {Frontiers Media S.A.},

abstract = {Bladderworts (Utricularia; Lentibulariaceae; Lamiales) are carnivorous plants that form small suction traps (bladders) for catching invertebrates. The velum is a cuticle structure that is produced by specialized trichomes of the threshold pavement epithelium. It is believed that the velum together with the mucilage seals the free edge of the trap door and that it is necessary for correct functioning of the trap. However, recently, some authors have questioned the occurrence of a velum in the traps of the Utricularia from the various sections. The main aim of this study was to confirm whether velum occurs in the traps of the Utricularia species from the subgenera Polypompholyx, Bivalvaria, and Utricularia. The 15 species were examined from subg. Polypompholyx, subg. Bivalvaria, and subg. Utricularia. A velum was found in all examined Utricularia species. In the traps of the members of section Pleiochasia, there was an outer velum (forming a complete ring) and an inner velum. In the traps of Utricularia uniflora (Lasiocaules), there was only an inner velum. In these species, the formation of the velum was accompanied by intensive mucilage production, and as a result, when door was closed (set position), the mucilage and the velum touched the surface of the door. In members of both sections of Pleiochasia and Lasiocaules, the pavement epithelium had a more complicated structure (four to five zones) than in the members of the subgenera Bivalvaria and Utricularia in which three distinct zones occurred (an outer with a velum; a middle and an internal with the mucilage trichomes). Even in U. purpurea, where the threshold was a reduced pavement epithelium, it consisted of three functional zones and the presence of a velum. Two main types of velum have been proposed. A velum was present in Utricularia traps regardless of the trap type or the habitat (aquatic; epiphytic; and terrestrial species). We proposed broad definition of velum as cuticle membranes covered by mucilage; from a functional point of view, this definition is more useful and more reflects complexity of this structure. © 2019 Płachno, Świątek, Miranda and Stolarczyk.},

note = {9},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85074195018,

title = {The reproductive system of the male and oviparous female of a model organism-The pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Hemiptera, Aphididae)},

author = { K. Wieczorek and M. Kanturski and C. Sempruch and P. Świątek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85074195018&doi=10.7717%2fpeerj.7573&partnerID=40&md5=e288cd4ecf4996bfcea307521baec6fb},

doi = {10.7717/peerj.7573},

issn = {21678359},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {PeerJ},

volume = {2019},

number = {9},

publisher = {PeerJ Inc.},

abstract = {The structure of the reproductive system of the sexual generation males and oviparous females of the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) (Hemiptera; Aphididae), a serious pest of cultivated plants of Fabaceae, was investigated. For the first time we describe the morphology, histology and ultrastructure of the reproductive system in both morphs of the sexual generation of aphids within one species, using light and fluorescent microscopy, as well as transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The results revealed that males have testes composed of three follicles fused by the upper ends of the vasa efferentia, the vasa deferentia run independently, the accessory glands are asymmetric and the ejaculatory duct shortened. Oviparous females have ovaries composed of seven ovarioles each. The lateral oviducts join to a short common oviduct connected with the unpaired spermatheca and paired accessory glands. Yolky eggs with an aggregation of symbiotic bacteria at the posterior pole are produced. Histologically, the components of genital tracts are broadly similar: The epithelial cells of the walls of the vasa deferentia and accessory glands of the male and oviparous female have secretory functions which correlate with the age of the studied morphs. We also found symbiotic bacteria within the vasa deferentia epithelial cells in males and within the cells of the lateral oviducts of females. Because the pea aphid is listed among the 14 species that are of the greatest economic importance, our results will be useful for managing aphid populations, protecting plants and ensuring global food security. © 2019 PeerJ Inc.. All rights reserved.},

note = {4},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85060600221,

title = {Floral micromorphology of the bird-pollinated carnivorous plant species utricularia menziesii r.br. (lentibulariaceae)},

author = { B.J. Płachno and M. Stpiczyńska and P. Świątek and H. Lambers and V.F.O. Miranda and F.J. Nge and P. Stolarczyk and G.R. Cawthray},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85060600221&doi=10.1093%2faob%2fmcy163&partnerID=40&md5=0222b0e7db0baef603c8b3a6928c5c41},

doi = {10.1093/aob/mcy163},

issn = {03057364},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Annals of Botany},

volume = {123},

number = {1},

pages = {213-220},

publisher = {Oxford University Press},

abstract = {• Background and Aims Bird pollination is rare among species in the genus Utricularia, and has evolved independently in two lineages of this genus. In Western Australia, the Western Spinebill, Acanthorhynchus superciliosus, visits flowers of Utricularia menziesii (section Pleiochasia: subgenus Polypompholyx). This study aimed to examine the micromorphology of U. menziesii flowers to assess traits that might be linked to its pollination strategy. • Methods Light microscopy, histochemistry and scanning electron microscopy were used. Nectar sugar composition was analysed using high-performance liquid chromatography. • Key Results The flowers of U. menziesii fulfil many criteria that characterize bird-pollinated flowers: red colour, a large, tough nectary spur that can withstand contact with a hard beak, lack of visual nectar guides and fragrance. Trichomes at the palate and throat may act as tactile signals. Spur nectary trichomes did not form clearly visible patches, but were more frequently distributed along vascular bundles, and were small and sessile. Each trichome comprised a single basal cell, a unicellular short pedestal cell (barrier cell) and a multicelled head. These trichomes were much smaller than those of the U. vulgaris allies. Hexose-dominated nectar was detected in flower spurs. Fructose and glucose were present in equal quantities (43 ± 3.6 and 42 ± 3.6 g L-1). Sucrose was only detected in one sample, essentially at the limit of detection for the method used. This type of nectar is common in flowers pollinated by passerine perching birds. • Conclusions The architecture of nectary trichomes in U. menziesii was similar to that of capitate trichomes of insect-pollinated species in this genus; thus, the most important specializations to bird pollination were flower colour (red), and both spur shape and size modification. Bird pollination is probably a recent innovation in the genus Utricularia, subgenus Polypompholyx, and is likely to have evolved from bee-pollinated ancestors. © The Author(s) 2018. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Annals of Botany Company. All rights reserved.},

note = {6},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85041619363,

title = {Low mitochondrial activity within developing earthworm male germ-line cysts revealed by JC-1},

author = { K. Małota and S. Student and P. Świątek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85041619363&doi=10.1016%2fj.mito.2018.01.007&partnerID=40&md5=c87252206409ee52a3559d0b89cf3acd},

doi = {10.1016/j.mito.2018.01.007},

issn = {15677249},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Mitochondrion},

volume = {44},

pages = {111-121},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {The male germ-line cysts that occur in annelids appear to be a very convenient model for spermatogenesis studies. Germ-line cysts in the studied earthworm are composed of two compartments: (1) germ cells, where each cell is connected via one intercellular bridge to (2) an anuclear central cytoplasmic mass, the cytophore. In the present paper, confocal and transmission electron microscopy were used to follow the changes in the mitochondrial activity and ultrastructure within the cysts during spermatogenesis. JC-1 was used to visualize the populations of mitochondria with a high and low membrane potential. We used the spot detection Imaris software module to obtain the quantitative data. We counted and compared the ‘mitochondrial spots’ – the smallest detectable signals from mitochondria. It was found that in all of the stages of cyst development, the majority of mitochondria spots showed a green fluorescence, thus indicating a low mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Moreover, the number of active mitochondria spots that were visualized by red JC-1 fluorescence (high MMP) drastically decreased as spermatogenesis progressed. As much as 26% of the total number of mitochondrial spots in the spermatogonial cysts showed a high MMP – 19% in the spermatocytes, 24% in the isodiametric spermatids and 3% and 6%, respectively, in the cysts that were holding early and late elongate spermatids. The mitochondria were usually thread-like and had an electron-dense matrix and lamellar cristae. Then, during spermiogenesis, the mitochondria within both the spermatids and the cytophore had a tendency to form aggregates in which the mitochondria were cemented by an electron-dense material. © 2018 Elsevier B.V. and Mitochondria Research Society},

note = {10},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85045075134,

title = {Nectar trichome structure of aquatic bladderworts from the section Utricularia (Lentibulariaceae) with observation of flower visitors and pollinators},

author = { B.J. Płachno and M. Stpiczyńska and L. Adamec and V.F.O. Miranda and P. Świątek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85045075134&doi=10.1007%2fs00709-018-1216-2&partnerID=40&md5=c3bf4d33d2bed3f1634472b0a76d26de},

doi = {10.1007/s00709-018-1216-2},

issn = {0033183X},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Protoplasma},

volume = {255},

number = {4},

pages = {1053-1064},

publisher = {Springer-Verlag Wien},

abstract = {In Utricularia, the flower spur is a nectary and in this organ, nectar is produced and stored. This study aimed to examine the structure of the nectary trichomes in four Utricularia species (Utricularia vulgaris L.; U. australis R.Br.; U. bremii Heer and U. foliosa L.) from the generic section Utricularia. We have investigated whether species with different spur morphology had similar spur anatomy and nectary trichome structure. In Utricularia flowers, nectar is produced by spur capitate trichomes (sessile or stalked). Our results showed that regardless of the various spur morphology, trichomes have similar architecture and ultrastructure. Head cells of these trichomes are transfer cells with an eccrine nectar secretion. Examined species differed in the micromorphology of papillae in spurs. The fly Eristalis tenax was found to be a pollinator of U. vulgaris. Small Halictidae bees seem to be pollinators of U. foliosa. © 2018, The Author(s).},

note = {10},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85042113848,

title = {Flower palate ultrastructure of the carnivorous plant Genlisea hispidula Stapf with remarks on the structure and function of the palate in the subgenus Genlisea (Lentibulariaceae)},

author = { B.J. Płachno and P. Świątek and M. Stpiczyńska and V.F.O. Miranda},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85042113848&doi=10.1007%2fs00709-018-1220-6&partnerID=40&md5=688167a0767deb67cc0ae554a08cfe71},

doi = {10.1007/s00709-018-1220-6},

issn = {0033183X},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Protoplasma},

volume = {255},

number = {4},

pages = {1139-1146},

publisher = {Springer-Verlag Wien},

abstract = {In the genus Genlisea as well as in its sister genus Utricularia, the palate probably plays a key role in providing the colour, mechanical and olfactory stimuli to attract insect pollinators and to guide them to the generative structures and the nectary spur. However, information about the micro-morphology of the palate of Genlisea is scarce. This study aims to examine the structure of the palate in Genlisea hispidula in detail as well as the palate from other five species from the subgenus Genlisea. In particular, its aim is to ascertain whether these palates function as an area for the osmophores in the flower or whether they produce nectar. We showed that the palate in all of the species that were examined was the glandular type and that it had capitate, glandular trichomes, which had a similar general architecture across the species that were examined. No nectar secretion was observed on the palates. The ultrastructure of the palate trichomes showed that the palate glandular trichomes most probably function as scent glands that produce an olfactory stimulus for flower pollinators. © 2018, The Author(s).},

note = {4},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85048587002,

title = {Septal-pore-associated structures of Hysterangium clathroides and Hysterangium nephriticum (Hysterangiales, basidiomycota, fungi)},

author = { P. Mleczko and B.J. Płachno and P. Świątek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85048587002&doi=10.11646%2fphytotaxa.348.2.12&partnerID=40&md5=d17a0f95233c07f3896b0efdef3269fc},

doi = {10.11646/phytotaxa.348.2.12},

issn = {11793155},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Phytotaxa},

volume = {348},

number = {2},

pages = {159-161},

publisher = {Magnolia Press},

abstract = {[No abstract available]},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85034632796,

title = {Micromorphology of ovaries and oogenesis in Grania postclitellochaeta (Clitellata: Enchytraeidae)},

author = { P. Świątek and P. de Wit and X. Unrecognized and Ł. Chajec and A.Z. Urbisz},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85034632796&doi=10.1016%2fj.zool.2017.11.004&partnerID=40&md5=07b1b2c94e7194ec2a2afefdff5487d9},

doi = {10.1016/j.zool.2017.11.004},

issn = {09442006},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Zoology},

volume = {126},

pages = {119-127},

publisher = {Elsevier GmbH},

abstract = {The genus Grania comprises over 70 species of exclusively marine clitellate annelids belonging to the family Enchytraeidae. Morphologically, this genus is well separated from other enchytraeids, with thick cuticles, anterior segments I–IV fused into a “head”, chaetal bundles consisting only of one stout chaeta, and reduction of circular musculature. The aim of the present study is to describe the ovary organization and the course of oogenesis in Grania postclitellochaeta, and to compare it with other known systems of ovary organization and oogenesis in clitellate annelids, especially in enchytraeids. Generally, oogenesis in G. postclitellochaeta can be divided into two phases: (i) early stages of oogenesis, occurring within the paired ovaries − each ovary is similar to a bunch of grapes, where each ‘lobe’ is a germ-line cyst enveloped by flat somatic cells, and (ii) oogenesis proper, which takes place within the body lumen where each growing oocyte is accompanied by its own group of nurse cells. Germ cells are interconnected by cytoplasmic channels (intercellular bridges; ring canals) and form syncytial cysts. As in other clitellate annelids, the cyst center contains a common cytoplasm (cytophore) to which each cell is connected by one ring canal only. Initially, within the ovary, all interconnected cells develop synchronously and are morphologically similar. At the time when the cysts detach from the ovary, one of the interconnected cells begins to gather nutrients, grows and becomes an oocyte, whereas the rest of the cells (nurse cells) do not continue meiosis and instead seem to provide the oocyte with macromolecules and cell organelles. Analysis of serial sections reveals that cysts are always composed of 16 cells − one oocyte and fifteen nurse cells. A comparative analysis showed that almost all features of oogenesis in G. postclitellochaeta are similar to that in other representatives of Enchytraeidae (mainly Enchytraeus albidus), suggesting evolutionary conservation of the process across this family. © 2017 Elsevier GmbH},

note = {11},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85035315387,

title = {Serial block face SEM visualization of unusual plant nuclear tubular extensions in a carnivorous plant (Utricularia, Lentibulariaceae)},

author = { B.J. Płachno and P. Świątek and R.W. Jobson and K. Małota and W. Brutkowski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85035315387&doi=10.1093%2faob%2fmcx042&partnerID=40&md5=ce5c0b0067e145c6fc0f0512ac091e75},

doi = {10.1093/aob/mcx042},

issn = {03057364},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Annals of Botany},

volume = {120},

number = {5},

pages = {673-680},

publisher = {Oxford University Press},

abstract = {•Background and Aims In Utricularia nelumbifolia, the nuclei of placental nutritive tissue possess unusually shaped projections not known to occur in any other flowering plant. The main aim of the study was to document the morphology and ultrastructure of these unusual nuclei. In addition, the literature was searched to find examples of nuclear tubular projections in other plant groups, and the nuclei of closely related species of Utricularia (i.e. sects Iperua, Orchidioides, Foliosa and Utricularia) were examined. • Methods To visualize the complexity of the nuclear structures, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used, and 3-D ultrastructural reconstructions were made using the serial block face scanning electron microscopy (SBEM) technique. The nuclei of 11 Utricularia species, i.e. U. nelumbifolia, U. reniformis, U. cornigera, U. nephrophylla (sect. Iperua), U. asplundii, U. alpina, U. quelchii (sect. Orchidioides), U. longifolia (sect. Foliosa), U. intermedia, U. minor and U. gibba (sect. Utricularia) were examined. • Key Results Of the 11 Utricularia species examined, the spindle-like tubular projections (approx. 5 μm long) emanating from resident nuclei located in placental nutritive tissues were observed only in U. nelumbifolia. These tubular nuclear extensions contained chromatin distributed along hexagonally shaped tubules. The apices of the projections extended into the cell plasma membrane, and in many cases also made contact at the two opposing cellular poles, and with plasmodesmata via a short cisterna of the cortical endoplasmic reticulum. Images from the SBEM provide some evidence that the nuclear projections are making contact with those of neighbouring cells. • Conclusions The term chromatubules (chromatin-filled tubules) for the nuclear projections of U. nelumbifolia placental tissue was proposed here. Due to the apparent association with the plasma membrane and plasmodesmata, it was also speculated that chromatubules are involved in nucleus-cell-cell communication. However, further experimental evidence is required before any functional hypothesis can be entertained. ©The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Annals of Botany Company.},

note = {12},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85019243924,

title = {Integument cell gelatinisation—the fate of the integumentary cells in Hieracium and Pilosella (Asteraceae)},

author = { B.J. Płachno and P. Świątek and M. Kozieradzka-kiszkurno and Z. Szeląg and P. Stolarczyk},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85019243924&doi=10.1007%2fs00709-017-1120-1&partnerID=40&md5=cff35ba1049c3c9493c7ffb5986600ee},

doi = {10.1007/s00709-017-1120-1},

issn = {0033183X},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Protoplasma},

volume = {254},

number = {6},

pages = {2287-2294},

publisher = {Springer-Verlag Wien},

abstract = {Members of the genera Hieracium and Pilosella are model plants that are used to study the mechanisms of apomixis. In order to have a proper understanding of apomixis, knowledge about the relationship between the maternal tissue and the gametophyte is needed. In the genus Pilosella, previous authors have described the specific process of the “liquefaction” of the integument cells that surround the embryo sac. However, these observations were based on data only at the light microscopy level. The main aim of our paper was to investigate the changes in the integument cells at the ultrastructural level in Pilosella officinarum and Hieracium alpinum. We found that the integument peri-endothelial zone in both species consisted of mucilage cells. The mucilage was deposited as a thick layer between the plasma membrane and the cell wall. The mucilage pushed the protoplast to the centre of the cell, and cytoplasmic bridges connected the protoplast to the plasmodesmata through the mucilage layers. Moreover, an elongation of the plasmodesmata was observed in the mucilage cells. The protoplasts had an irregular shape and were finally degenerated. After the cell wall breakdown of the mucilage cells, lysigenous cavities that were filled with mucilage were formed. © 2017, The Author(s).},

note = {6},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85021080947,

title = {Vascular tissue in traps of Australian carnivorous bladderworts (Utricularia) of the subgenus Polypompholyx},

author = { B.J. Płachno and I. Kamińska and L. Adamec and P. Świątek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85021080947&doi=10.1016%2fj.aquabot.2017.06.003&partnerID=40&md5=0105330fe9d0646d7239e8fcaaa7e368},

doi = {10.1016/j.aquabot.2017.06.003},

issn = {03043770},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Aquatic Botany},

volume = {142},

pages = {25-31},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {Utricularia (bladderworts) are rootless carnivorous plants forming small suction traps which are hollow discoid bladders. There is some controversy surrounding the understanding of trap vascularization in Utricularia species and most of the knowledge in the literature is based on aquatic Utricularia from section Utricularia. In this study, we investigated trap vascularization in 9 Utricularia species or clones from the subgenus Polypompholyx using several light microscopy staining techniques. Both xylem and phloem elements were found in the traps of all investigated species or clones. The pattern of trap vascular bundles from the subgenus Polypompholyx was similar to that reported for subgenus Bivalvaria, but different from that of aquatic U. vulgaris from the subgenus Utricularia. The system of trap vascularization in the members of the subgenus Polypompholyx was different from that found in the traps of Genlisea, which is a closely related genus (both Lentibulariaceae). The structure of trap vascular bundles was, however, similar in Genlisea and Polypompholyx. Possible utilization of xylem elements in Utricularia traps is discussed. © 2017 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {6},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85015067329,

title = {Flower palate structure of the aquatic bladderworts Utricularia bremii Heer and U. minor L. from section Utricularia (Lentibulariaceae)},

author = { B.J. Płachno and M. Stpiczyńska and Ł. Krajewski and P. Świątek and L. Adamec and V.F.O. Miranda},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85015067329&doi=10.1007%2fs00709-017-1097-9&partnerID=40&md5=39eed527cbd42d3e4cc49ef5b5c75679},

doi = {10.1007/s00709-017-1097-9},

issn = {0033183X},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Protoplasma},

volume = {254},

number = {5},

pages = {2007-2015},

publisher = {Springer-Verlag Wien},

abstract = {There is an enormous diversity in the structure of the flower palate of the carnivorous rootless genus Utricularia. This study aims to examine the structure of the palates in Utricularia bremii Heer and U. minor L of the Utricularia sect. Utricularia, which have a glandular palate type. In both species, the palate has only one type of glandular trichomes. Because of the occurrence of cell wall ingrowths in its glandular cells, any exudation may be transported via eccrinous secretion. It was proposed that the palate trichomes of the examined species act as scent glands and that the palate may play a role as an unguentarium. Both U. bremii and U. minor are of an open flower type. Thus, U. bremii and U. minor flowers can be penetrated by small, weak insects, which then easily have access to their generative structure. Small Hymenoptera (member of families Mymaridae and Braconidae) were observed as flower visitors of the male-sterile species Utricularia bremii. © 2017, The Author(s).},

note = {11},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85018650559,

title = {Ovaries of the white worm (Enchytraeus albidus, Annelida, Clitellata) are composed of 16-celled meroistic germ-line cysts},

author = { A.Z. Urbisz and Ł. Chajec and A.J. Brąszewska-Zalewska and J. Kubrakiewicz and P. Świątek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85018650559&doi=10.1016%2fj.ydbio.2017.04.009&partnerID=40&md5=335b711be43689e8276747bd0ec658e1},

doi = {10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.04.009},

issn = {00121606},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Developmental Biology},

volume = {426},

number = {1},

pages = {28-42},

publisher = {Academic Press Inc.},

abstract = {The paired ovaries of E. albidus are like a bunch of grapes and are composed of clearly separated units, syncytial germ cysts (clusters), which are surrounded by a thin layer of somatic cells. Each cyst maintains the connection with the ovary by an extended stalk that is composed of somatic cells. The spatial architecture of the germ-line cysts found in E. albidus is the same as in other clitellate annelids that have been studied to date. As a rule, germ cells are located at the cyst periphery and each has only one ring canal that connects it to the common and centrally located cytoplasmic mass, the cytophore. Here we present data about the F-actin and microtubular cytoskeleton and some molecular components of the germ-line cysts. We show that the ring canals have an inner rim that is enriched with microfilaments and proteins that contain phosphotyrosine. The microtubules form a loose network in the cytoplasm of the oocyte and nurse cells; moreover, some of them pass through the ring canals to the cytophore. Numerous microtubules are also located in the somatic cells. The germ-line cysts in E. albidus ovaries consist of 16 cells, which is the lowest known number of interconnected germ cells within clitellate annelids. During oogenesis, the fate of interconnected germ cells differentiates and only one cell develops as the future egg, while the other 15 become nurse cells. This differentiation means ovary meroism. The nurse cells gather cell organelles and storage material that then pass through the ring canals and cytophore moving towards the growing oocyte. At the end of oogenesis, the vitellogenic oocyte surrounds the siblings’ cells together with the cytophore and engulfs their remnants into the ooplasm. No morphological or molecular markers of the apoptosis of the nurse cells were found. Moreover, the nurse cells did not undergo polyploidisation. The measured DNA level was 4 C, which indicates that these cells are not highly-specialised. © 2017 Elsevier Inc.},

note = {19},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85010544020,

title = {Oogenesis in three species of Naidinae (Annelida, Clitellata) is extraovarian of the Stylaria type},

author = { S. Gorgoń and A. Wardas and M. Krodkiewska and P. Świątek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85010544020&doi=10.1016%2fj.zool.2016.09.002&partnerID=40&md5=9f21453cf24c91183f5b8ca5be4d6269},

doi = {10.1016/j.zool.2016.09.002},

issn = {09442006},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Zoology},

volume = {121},

pages = {111-124},

publisher = {Elsevier GmbH},

abstract = {Older observations, which were based solely on light microscopy, suggested that the main stages of oogenesis such as yolk uptake, take place outside the ovary, i.e. in the body or the ovisac cavity in some groups of clitellate annelids. Such extraovarian oogenesis was observed in naidines (Naidinae). Because there are no current data about the ovary organization and the course of oogenesis in Naidinae, we analyzed female gametogenesis in three common representatives of this taxon – Stylaria lacustris, Chaetogaster diaphanus and Ripistes parasita – using light, fluorescent and transmission electron microscopy. We found paired and inconspicuous ovaries only in S. lacustris. These ovaries were made up of four to five syncytial cysts that are composed of oogonia and germ cells, which are synchronously entering meiotic prophase I. The cysts were enveloped by thin somatic cells. No growing oocytes were observed within the ovaries. However, as many as five freely floating germ-line cysts, each clustering about 30 germ cells surrounded by flat somatic cells, were observed within the ovisacs in all three of the species studied. The germ-line cysts that were found in all of the naidines studied had an architecture that is typical for clitellate annelids, i.e. each germ cell was connected to a common and anuclear cytoplasmic mass, the cytophore, via one intercellular bridge. Within these cysts, two morphologically different categories of germ cells arose. One cell usually continued meiosis, gathered nutrients and became the oocyte, whereas the rest of cells did not continue meiosis and did not gather a yolk – these cells appear to supply the oocyte with cytoplasm and cell organelles and are regarded as nurse cells. Generally, as in other microdriles, the species studied produced large, yolky oocytes. The details of oogenesis and oocyte organization are similar to other oligochaetous clitellates that have been studied. Interestingly, peculiar organelles, which are called accessory nuclei, have been found within the perinuclear cytoplasm of Ch. diaphanus vitellogenic oocytes. However, their molecular composition, functions and fate are unknown. The results obtained unequivocally show that in the naidines studied, the majority of oogenesis takes place outside the ovary, i.e. most of oogenesis is extraovarian. For comparative purposes, we propose the term “an ovary of the Stylaria type” to describe the type of extraovarian oogenesis in which polarized germ-line cysts develop freely within the ovisac cavity. © 2016 Elsevier GmbH},

note = {8},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84966421090,

title = {Immunodetection of some pectic, arabinogalactan proteins and hemicellulose epitopes in the micropylar transmitting tissue of apomictic dandelions (Taraxacum, Asteraceae, Lactuceae)},

author = { R. Gawecki and K. Sala and E.U. Kurczyńska and P. Świątek and B.J. Płachno},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84966421090&doi=10.1007%2fs00709-016-0980-0&partnerID=40&md5=5294556454d52366eb2f810219227c05},

doi = {10.1007/s00709-016-0980-0},

issn = {0033183X},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Protoplasma},

volume = {254},

number = {2},

pages = {657-668},

publisher = {Springer-Verlag Wien},

abstract = {In apomictic Taraxacum species, the development of both the embryo and the endosperm does not require double fertilisation. However, a structural reduction of ovular transmitting tissue was not observed in apomictic dandelions. The aim of this study was to analyse the chemical composition of the cell walls to describe the presence of arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs), hemicellulose and some pectic epitopes in the micropylar transmitting tissue of apomictic Taraxacum. The results point to (1) the similar distribution of AGPs in different developmental stages, (2) the absence of highly methyl-esterified homogalacturonan (HG) in transmitting tissue of ovule containing a mature embryo sac and the appearance of this pectin domain in the young seed containing the embryo and endosperm, (3) the similar pattern of low methyl-esterified pectin occurrence in both an ovule and a young seed with an embryo and endosperm in apomictic Taraxacum and (4) the presence of hemicelluloses recognised by LM25 and LM21 antibodies in the reproductive structure of Taraxacum. © 2016, The Author(s).},

note = {12},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84960126091,

title = {Floral ultrastructure of two Brazilian aquatic-epiphytic bladderworts: Utricularia cornigera Studnička and U. nelumbifolia Gardner (Lentibulariaceae)},

author = { B.J. Płachno and M. Stpiczyńska and K.L. Davies and P. Świątek and V.F.O. Miranda},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84960126091&doi=10.1007%2fs00709-016-0956-0&partnerID=40&md5=caa89d0443db71633a1591b35d3ce530},

doi = {10.1007/s00709-016-0956-0},

issn = {0033183X},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Protoplasma},

volume = {254},

number = {1},

pages = {353-366},

publisher = {Springer-Verlag Wien},

abstract = {Utricularia cornigera and Utricularia nelumbifolia are giant, aquatic-epiphytic species of carnivorous bladderwort from southeastern Brazil that grow in the central ‘urns’ of bromeliads. Both species have large, colourful flowers. The main aim of our study is to ascertain whether the prominent floral palate of U. cornigera and U. nelumbifolia functions as an unguentarius—i.e. an organ that bears osmophores. Floral tissues of both species were investigated using light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and histochemistry. Floral palates of U. cornigera and U. nelumbifolia provide clear visual signals for pollinating insects. In both species, the palate possesses diverse micro-morphology, comprising unicellular, conical to villiform papillae and multicellular, uniseriate, glandular trichomes that frequently display terminal branching. The most characteristic ultrastructural feature of these papillae was the presence of relatively large, polymorphic plastids (chromoplasts) containing many plastoglobuli. Similar plastids are known to occur in the fragrance-producing (osmophores) and oil-producing (elaiophores) tissues of several orchid species. Thus, these palate papillae may play a key role in providing the olfactory stimulus for the attraction of insect pollinators. Nectariferous trichomes were observed in the floral spurs of both species, and in U. nelumbifolia, free nectar was also recorded. The location, micro-morphology, anatomy and ultrastructure of the floral palate of the two species investigated may thus indicate that the palate functions as an unguentarius. Furthermore, the flowers of these taxa, like those of U. reniformis, have features consistent with bee pollination. © 2016, The Author(s).},

note = {17},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84945278050,

title = {Floral micromorphology of the Australian carnivorous bladderwort Utricularia dunlopii, a putative pseudocopulatory species},

author = { B.J. Płachno and M. Stpiczyńska and P. Świątek and K.L. Davies},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84945278050&doi=10.1007%2fs00709-015-0900-8&partnerID=40&md5=b5049e98082e5ffc70378ecee3cb4478},

doi = {10.1007/s00709-015-0900-8},

issn = {0033183X},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Protoplasma},

volume = {253},

number = {6},

pages = {1463-1473},

publisher = {Springer-Verlag Wien},

abstract = {Flowers of sexually deceptive taxa generally possess a set of morphological and physiological characters that mimic their insect pollinators. These characters often include a specific insect-like floral configuration, together with scent glands (osmophores) that produce fragrances which chemically resemble insect sex pheromones. Furthermore, these flowers tend not to produce pollinator food rewards. According to some authors, flowers of the Australian bladderwort Utricularia dunlopii (and species of the Utricularia capilliflora complex) resemble insects, and pollination perhaps occurs by pseudocopulation. The aims of this paper are to compare the structure and distribution of floral glandular trichomes in the Australian carnivorous plant U. dunlopii with those of closely related species assigned to the same section and to discuss their putative function. Floral tissues of U. dunlopii P. Taylor, Utricularia paulinae Lowrie, Utricularia dichotoma Labill. and Utricularia uniflora R.Br. (section Pleiochasia) were investigated using light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and histochemistry. In U. dunlopii, two long, erect, filiform appendages arising from the upper lip of the corolla, together with three arising from the lower lip, bear numerous glandular trichomes that may function as osmophores. In other species, such as U. uniflora and U. paulinae, glandular papillae on the corolla palate may also function as osmophores. The floral anatomical and morphological organisation of U. dunlopii differs from that of the other investigated species, indicating that its insect pollinators are also likely to differ. Morphological and ultrastructural observations, while generally contributing to our understanding of the flower of U. dunlopii, do not refute the possibility that pollination here may occur by pseudocopulation. Further field-based investigations, however, are now necessary to test this hypothesis. © 2015, The Author(s).},

note = {18},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84962798263,

title = {Analysis of the cytoskeleton organization and its possible functions in male earthworm germ-line cysts equipped with a cytophore},

author = { K. Małota and P. Świątek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84962798263&doi=10.1007%2fs00441-016-2398-6&partnerID=40&md5=e54450d7b5c486efb991ad03556a94e1},

doi = {10.1007/s00441-016-2398-6},

issn = {0302766X},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Cell and Tissue Research},

volume = {366},

number = {1},

pages = {175-189},

publisher = {Springer Verlag},

abstract = {We studied the organization of F-actin and the microtubular cytoskeleton in male germ-line cysts in the seminal vesicles of the earthworm Dendrobaena veneta using light, fluorescent and electron microscopy along with both chemically fixed tissue and life cell imaging. Additionally, in order to follow the functioning of the cytoskeleton, we incubated the cysts in colchicine, nocodazole, cytochalasin D and latrunculin A. The male germ-line cells of D. veneta are interconnected via stable intercellular bridges (IB), and form syncytial cysts. Each germ cell has only one IB that connects it to the anuclear central cytoplasmic mass, the cytophore. During the studies, we analyzed the cytoskeleton in spermatogonial, spermatocytic and spermatid cysts. F-actin was detected in the cortical cytoplasm and forms distinct rings in the IBs. The arrangement of the microtubules changed dynamically during spermatogenesis. The microtubules are distributed evenly in whole spermatogonial and spermatocytic cysts; however, they primarily accumulate within the IBs in spermatogonia. In early spermatids, microtubules pass through the IBs and are present in whole cysts. During spermatid elongation, the microtubules form a manchette while they are absent in the cytophore and in the IBs. Use of cytoskeletal drugs did not alter the general morphology of the cysts. Detectable effects—the occurrence of nuclei in the late spermatids and manchette fragments in the cytophore—were observed only after incubation in nocodazole. Our results suggest that the microtubules are responsible for cytoplasmic/organelle transfer between the germ cells and the cytophore during spermatogenesis and for the positioning of the spermatid nuclei. © 2016, The Author(s).},

note = {6},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84985905491,

title = {Integument cell differentiation in dandelions (Taraxacum, Asteraceae, Lactuceae) with special attention paid to plasmodesmata},

author = { B.J. Płachno and E.U. Kurczyńska and P. Świątek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84985905491&doi=10.1007%2fs00709-015-0894-2&partnerID=40&md5=c6e007e4d6cf72f6ef670feff5d4494d},

doi = {10.1007/s00709-015-0894-2},

issn = {0033183X},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Protoplasma},

volume = {253},

number = {5},

pages = {1365-1372},

publisher = {Springer-Verlag Wien},

abstract = {The aim of the paper is to determine what happens with plasmodesmata when mucilage is secreted into the periplasmic space in plant cells. Ultrastructural analysis of the periendothelial zone mucilage cells was performed on examples of the ovule tissues of several sexual and apomictic Taraxacum species. The cytoplasm of the periendothelial zone cells was dense, filled by numerous organelles and profiles of rough endoplasmic reticulum and active Golgi dictyosomes with vesicles that contained fibrillar material. At the beginning of the differentiation process of the periendothelial zone, the cells were connected by primary plasmodesmata. However, during the differentiation and the thickening of the cell walls (mucilage deposition), the plasmodesmata become elongated and associated with cytoplasmic bridges. The cytoplasmic bridges may connect the protoplast to the plasmodesmata through the mucilage layers in order to maintain cell-to-cell communication during the differentiation of the periendothelial zone cells. © 2015, The Author(s).},

note = {12},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84957310800,

title = {Germ-line cells do not form syncytial cysts in the ovaries of the basal clitellate annelid Capilloventer australis},

author = { P. Świątek and B.J. Płachno and R. Marchant and S. Gorgoń and M. Krodkiewska and K. Małota and A.Z. Urbisz},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84957310800&doi=10.1016%2fj.jcz.2015.12.002&partnerID=40&md5=2d5357896d74db951b3c00c381091acb},

doi = {10.1016/j.jcz.2015.12.002},

issn = {00445231},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Zoologischer Anzeiger},

volume = {260},

pages = {63-71},

publisher = {Elsevier GmbH},

abstract = {Capilloventridae are regarded as the putative sister taxon to all other Clitellata. To shed more light on their internal anatomy, we studied the ovary organization and the course of oogenesis in Capilloventer australis. We found that the ovary organization differs substantially from that known in all other clitellate annelids. In contrast to other clitellate annelids, the germ cells in C. australis ovaries develop individually and do not from syncytial cysts. Neither intercellular bridges nor central cytoplasmic mass (cytophore) - structures that are characteristic of gametogenesis in other Clitellata - were found. The paired ovaries of C. australis are located in segment XIII and form chains that are composed of linearly arranged growing germ cells that are covered by a thin envelope of somatic cells. The progression of germ cell development can be observed along the long ovary axis. The ovary tip is occupied by oogonia and below it, previtellogenic and early vitellogenic oocytes occur. Large, vitellogenic oocytes, which are filled with yolk, detach from the ovary and fill the segment lumen. Vitellogenic oocytes are not enveloped by somatic cells. With the exception of the lack of germ-line cyst formation, oogenesis is similar to that found in other Clitellata. It is not clear whether the lack of germ-line cysts is a basal condition for Clitellata that is retained in C. australis or, by contrast, did clitellate annelids inherit a female germ-line cysts from their ancestors and their lack in C. australis is a derived condition? © 2015 Elsevier GmbH.},

note = {12},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84941261199,

title = {Ultrastructural analysis of apoptosis and autophagy in the midgut epithelium of Piscicola geometra (Annelida, Hirudinida) after blood feeding},

author = { M.M. Rost-Roszkowska and P. Świątek and I. Poprawa and W. Rupik and E. Swadźba and M. Kszuk-Jendrysik},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84941261199&doi=10.1007%2fs00709-015-0774-9&partnerID=40&md5=d95bf7417e87113a7f5110757a8a41ef},

doi = {10.1007/s00709-015-0774-9},

issn = {0033183X},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Protoplasma},

volume = {252},

number = {5},

pages = {1387-1396},

publisher = {Springer-Verlag Wien},

abstract = {Cell death in the endodermal region of the digestive tract of the blood-feeding leech Piscicola geometra was analyzed using light and transmission electron microscopes and the fluorescence method. Sexually mature specimens of P. geometra were bred under laboratory conditions and fed on Danio rerio. After copulation, the specimens laid cocoons. The material for our studies were non-feeding juveniles collected just after hatching, non-feeding adult specimens, and leeches that had been fed with fish blood (D. rerio) only once ad libitum. The fed leeches were prepared for our studies during feeding and after 1, 3, 7, and 14 days (not sexually mature specimens) and some weeks after feeding (the sexually mature). Autophagy in all regions of the endodermal part of the digestive system, including the esophagus, the crop, the posterior crop caecum (PCC), and the intestine was observed in the adult non-feeding and feeding specimens. In fed specimens, autophagy occurred at very high levels—in 80 to 90 % of epithelial cells in all four regions. In contrast, in adult specimens that did not feed, this process occurred at much lower levels—about 10 % (esophagus and intestine) and about 30 % (crop and PCC) of the midgut epithelial cells. Apoptosis occurred in the feeding adult specimens but only in the crop and PCC. However, it was absent in the non-feeding adult specimens and the specimens that were collected during feeding. Moreover, neither autophagy nor apoptosis were observed in the juvenile, non-feeding specimens. The appearance of autophagy and apoptosis was connected with feeding on toxic blood. We concluded that autophagy played the role of a survival factor and was involved in the protection of the epithelium against the products of blood digestion. Quantitative analysis was prepared to determine the number of autophagic and apoptotic cells. © 2015, The Author(s).},

note = {7},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84941191232,

title = {Are obligatory apomicts invested in the pollen tube transmitting tissue? Comparison of the micropyle ultrastructure between sexual and apomictic dandelions (Asteraceae, Lactuceae)},

author = { B.J. Płachno and P. Świątek and M. Kozieradzka-kiszkurno and Ľ. Majeský and J. Marciniuk and P. Stolarczyk},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84941191232&doi=10.1007%2fs00709-015-0765-x&partnerID=40&md5=2a4217859a899cc0b8178c47a8b323b4},

doi = {10.1007/s00709-015-0765-x},

issn = {0033183X},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Protoplasma},

volume = {252},

number = {5},

pages = {1325-1333},

publisher = {Springer-Verlag Wien},

abstract = {With the exception of the sunflower, little information concerning the micropyle ultrastructure of the family Asteraceae is available. The aim of our study was to compare the micropyle structure in amphimictic and apomictic dandelions. Ultrastructural studies using buds and flowers during anthesis have been done on the micropyle of the sexual and apomictic Taraxacum. In all of the species that were examined, the micropylar canal was completely filled with ovule transmitting tissue and the matrix that was produced by these cells. The ovule transmitting tissue was connected to the ovarian transmitting tissue. The micropyle was asymmetrical because the integument epidermis that forms the transmitting tissue was only on the funicular side. There was a cuticle between the obturator cells and epidermal cells on the other side of integument. The micropylar transmitting tissue cells and theirs matrix reached the synergid apex. The cytoplasm of the transmitting tissue cells was especially rich in rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER), dictyosomes, and mitochondria. No major differences were detected between the micropyle structure of the amphimictic and apomictic species; thus, a structural reduction of obturator does not exist. The ovule transmitting tissue is still active in apomictic dandelions despite the presence of the embryo and endosperm. Differences and similarities between the micropyle structure in the Asteraceae that have been studied to date are discussed. © 2015, The Author(s).},

note = {7},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84930224874,

title = {Ovary ultrastructure and oogenesis in Propappus volki Michaelsen, 1916 (Annelida: Clitellata)},

author = { S. Gorgoń and M. Krodkiewska and P. Świątek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84930224874&doi=10.1016%2fj.jcz.2015.05.006&partnerID=40&md5=47d2919c8eea03a97a2b9b150f353d2b},

doi = {10.1016/j.jcz.2015.05.006},

issn = {00445231},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Zoologischer Anzeiger},

volume = {257},

pages = {110-118},

publisher = {Elsevier GmbH},

abstract = {The paired ovaries of Propappus volki are small, conically shaped structures with a narrow end that is connected to the intersegmental septum, while the wide end extends into the coelom. Ultrastructural studies showed that the ovaries are composed of interconnected germ cells that form syncytia and accompanying somatic cells. Each germ cell in a cyst is connected with the central, anuclear cytoplasmic core, the cytophore, via one cytoplasmic bridge. The somatic cells form both a thin ligament that joins the gonad with the septum and also surround the germ cells, thus, forming a thin ovary envelope. The somatic cells that are in immediate contact with growing oocytes, i.e., follicular cells, are more voluminous than other somatic cells. There is a clear gradient in the development of germ cells along the long ovary axis. As a consequence, three zones can be distinguished. In zone I all of the germ cells are in the prophase I of meiosis, while zone II contains undifferentiated germ cells with a similar morphology. In zone III there are two morphologically distinct categories of germ cells - the more numerous but smaller germ cells that are regarded here as nurse cells and several growing oocytes. The growing oocytes gradually accumulate cytoplasm and yolk material and protrude from the ovary into the segment cavity. The late vitellogenic oocytes, which are filled with yolk spheres, lose contact with the gonad and float within the coelom. The comparison of the results that were obtained with the ovary structure and oogenesis in other Clitellata shows that: (1) the pattern of germ-line cyst organization in P. volki and other Clitellata is the same; (2) the course of oogenesis in P. volki is similar to other oligochaetous clitellates and (3) the ovary organization in P. volki is broadly similar to that which has been described in tubificins, brachiobdellids and lumbriculids but which differs significantly from that found in Enchytraeus albidus. © 2015 Elsevier GmbH.},

note = {12},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84930089679,

title = {Ultrastructural study of spermatogenesis and sperm in the African medicinal leech Hirudo troctina Johnson, 1816 (Annelida, Hirudinida)},

author = { R.B. Ahmed and S. Tekaya and A.Z. Urbisz and P. Świątek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84930089679&doi=10.1016%2fj.tice.2015.03.002&partnerID=40&md5=4a879fe84b9adb5c59e546ee24fac7f4},

doi = {10.1016/j.tice.2015.03.002},

issn = {00408166},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Tissue and Cell},

volume = {47},

number = {3},

pages = {242-253},

publisher = {Churchill Livingstone},

abstract = {This paper presents the process of spermatogenesis in the leech Hirudo troctina Johnson, 1816 using light, fluorescent and transmission electron microscopy. At the onset of spermatogenesis in testes, the pear-shaped spermatogonia divide mitotically without full cytokinesis and as a result isogenic groups are formed (clusters; clones) with 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128 spermatogonia and, finally, 256 primary spermatocytes occur. The final meiotic divisions of spermatocytes give rise to clones with 1024 spermatids. There are hundreds of developing germ-line clones in each testis. In each clone, the male germ cells divide in full synchrony and they are in the same phase of spermatogenesis. During complex spermiogenesis each spermatid becomes a filiform spermatozoon with a helicoid nucleus, which is characterized by the presence of a long acrosome with two regions - anterior and posterior, which are followed by a helicoid nucleus, a midpiece with only one mitochondrion and a long flagellum. Our results were compared to those on other clitellate annelids that have been studied to date, especially to sperm formation in Hirudo medicinalis Linnaeus, 1785. Only minor differences were found in the length and the diameter of different organelles and the number of spermatids in germ-line clones. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd.},

note = {3},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84930658502,

title = {The ovary of Tubifex tubifex (Clitellata, Naididae, Tubificinae) is composed of one, huge germ-line cyst that is enriched with cytoskeletal components},

author = { A.Z. Urbisz and Ł. Chajec and P. Świątek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84930658502&doi=10.1371%2fjournal.pone.0126173&partnerID=40&md5=364f871ae73b8dc8e3876c1aebb06e75},

doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0126173},

issn = {19326203},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {PLoS ONE},

volume = {10},

number = {5},

publisher = {Public Library of Science},

abstract = {Recent studies on the ovary organization and oogenesis in Tubificinae have revealed that their ovaries are small polarized structures that are composed of germ cells in subsequent stages of oogenesis that are associated with somatic cells. In syncytial cysts, as a rule, each germ cell is connected to the central cytoplasmic mass, the cytophore, via only one stable intercellular bridge (ring canal). In this paper we present detailed data about the composition of germ-line cysts in Tubifex tubifex with special emphasis on the occurrence and distribution of the cytoskeletal elements. Using fixed material and live cell imaging techniques, we found that the entire ovary of T. tubifex is composed of only one, huge multicellular germ-line cyst, which may contain up to 2,600 cells. Its architecture is broadly similar to the cysts that are found in other clitellate annelids, i.e. a common, anuclear cytoplasmic mass in the center of the cyst and germ cells that are connected to it via intercellular bridges. The cytophore in the T. tubifex cyst extends along the long axis of the ovary in the form of elongated and branched cytoplasmic strands. Rhodamine-coupled phalloidin staining revealed that the prominent strands of actin filaments occur inside the cytophore. Similar to the cytophore, F-actin strands are branched and they are especially well developed in the middle and outermost parts of the ovary. Microfilaments are also present in the ring canals that connect the germ cells with the cytophore in the narrow end of the ovary. Using Tubulin-Tracker, we found that the microtubules form a prominent network of loosely and evenly distributed tubules inside the cytophore as well as in every germ cell. The well-developed cytoskeletal elements in T. tubifex ovary seem to ensure the integrity of such a huge germline cyst of complex (germ cells - ring canals - cytophore) organization. A comparison between the cysts that are described here and other well-known female germ-line cysts is also made. © 2015 Urbisz et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.},

note = {14},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84919438517,

title = {Cytochemical and ultrastructural aspects of aquatic carnivorous plant turions},

author = { B.J. Płachno and L. Adamec and M. Kozieradzka-kiszkurno and P. Świątek and I. Kamińska},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84919438517&doi=10.1007%2fs00709-014-0646-8&partnerID=40&md5=a78b67d660cca52133a775b26828ce4e},

doi = {10.1007/s00709-014-0646-8},

issn = {0033183X},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-01-01},

journal = {Protoplasma},

volume = {251},

number = {6},

pages = {1449-1454},

publisher = {Springer-Verlag Wien},

abstract = {Turions, which are modified shoot apices, are vegetative, dormant overwintering organs produced by perennial aquatic plants. In this study, the turion cytochemistry and ultrastructure of Aldrovanda vesiculosa, Utricularia vulgaris and U. stygia were compared with particular emphasis placed on storage substances. These three aquatic, rootless carnivorous plant species were studied at the end of their winter dormancy. At this stage, the turions of all species had starch as their main storage material. In contrast with A. vesiculosa, Utricularia turions were rich in protein storage vacuoles, and proteins were also accumulated as crystalline inclusions in the nuclei. All examined species accumulated lipid droplets in cells of epidermal glands. © 2014, The Author(s).},

note = {12},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84908469233,

title = {Diversity of features of the female reproductive system and other morphological characters in leeches (Citellata, Hirudinida) in phylogenetic conception},

author = { A. Bielecki and P. Świątek and J.M. Cichocka and M.E. Siddall and A.Z. Urbisz and B.J. Płachno},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84908469233&doi=10.1111%2fcla.12058&partnerID=40&md5=2b2c1f80355e42f8028f9fa460e2955e},

doi = {10.1111/cla.12058},

issn = {07483007},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-01-01},

journal = {Cladistics},

volume = {30},

number = {5},

pages = {540-554},

publisher = {Blackwell Publishing Inc.},

abstract = {An epistemological-evolutionary conception of leeches (Hirudinida) based on features of the female reproductive system in combination with other morphological characters is presented in the spirit of the cladistic school of taxonomy. Characters relating to the structure of the ovary and the course of oogenesis in leeches were interpreted in this manner, for the first time. Each study was conducted on type species of higher taxonomic groups of true leeches. Results of analyses using features of the reproductive system only as well as in combination with other morphological characters show Piscicolidae and Glossiphoniidae as sister clades making Rhynchobdellida a monophyletic group. Also, Hirudiniformes and Erpobdelliformes appeared to be sister clades within Arhynchobdellida. The relationship between the outgroup specimens and leeches remained unresolved, because both Acanthobdella peledina and branchiobdellidans appeared to be in an equivocal relationship to hirudinidans. Characters concerning the structure of the female reproductive system and course of oogenesis thus appeared to be useful, although conservative, for reconstruction of leech phylogeny, and they well reflect phylogenetic relationships of Hirudinida at the family level. © The Willi Hennig Society 2013.},

note = {17},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84898052273,

title = {New data about the functional morphology of the chaetiferous leech-like annelids Acanthobdella peledina (Grube, 1851) and Paracanthobdella livanowi (Epshtein, 1966) (Clitellata, Acanthobdellida)},

author = { A. Bielecki and J.M. Cichocka and I. Jeleń and P. Świątek and B.J. Płachno and D. Pikuła},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84898052273&doi=10.1002%2fjmor.20235&partnerID=40&md5=0e68968fb60d04e953a26a055ce70169},

doi = {10.1002/jmor.20235},

issn = {03622525},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Morphology},

volume = {275},

number = {5},

pages = {528-539},

publisher = {John Wiley and Sons Inc.},

abstract = {Approximately 130 individuals of Acanthobdella peledina and 100 individuals of Paracanthobdella livanowi were studied. Morphometric measurements were taken to explore the body form. The digestive and the reproductive systems of leech-like annelids were analyzed for the first time in such a high number of specimens. Observation of A. peledina and P. livanowi revealed crucial differences in the reproductive system of the analyzed taxa, mostly regarding variation in the shape of the testisacs and the length of the ovisacs. The results of a digestive system analysis suggest that blood-sucking parasites of the order Acanthobdellida may also lead a predatory lifestyle. The presented findings support the taxonomic division of the order Acanthobdellida into the families Acanthobdellidae and Paracanthobdellidae. Multiple similarities between Acanthobdellida and Hirudinida were also discussed. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.},

note = {7},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84898034741,

title = {Barbronia weberi (Clitellata, Hirudinida, Salifidae) has ovary cords of the Erpobdella type},

author = { A.Z. Urbisz and Y.T. Lai and P. Świątek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84898034741&doi=10.1002%2fjmor.20229&partnerID=40&md5=463a2217741a3d0d35aa435d0dfd079c},

doi = {10.1002/jmor.20229},

issn = {03622525},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Morphology},

volume = {275},

number = {5},

pages = {479-488},

publisher = {John Wiley and Sons Inc.},

abstract = {The organization of the ovaries in representative of the Salifidae (Hirudinida; Erpobdelliformes) was studied at the ultrastructural level for the first time. Like in other leeches, the ovaries of Barbronia weberi are composed of an outer envelope (i.e.; an ovisac made up of two coelomic epithelia; muscle cells; and connective tissue) and several internal units, which are broadly similar to the ovary cords found in representatives of the Erpobdellidae. There are usually 6-8 ovary cords that are twisted or cambered with a narrow apical part and a broader, irregularly shaped distal end in each ovisac of B. weberi. Each ovary cord is built from somatic and germ-line cells and the latter tend to form multicellular cysts that are equipped with a central cytoplasmic core (cytophore). There are two morphologically different subpopulations of germ-line cells: oocytes and more numerous nurse cells. Growing oocytes form protuberances on the ovary cord surface and eventually detach from the cord and float freely in the ovisac lumen, whereas the other components of germ-line cysts (i.e.; nurse cells and cytophore) degenerate. It should be pointed out that there is a prominent gradient of germ-cell development along the long axis of the cord. The somatic cells form the ovary cord envelope (the so-called spongiosa cells) and also penetrate the spaces between germ-line cells. Both kinds of the somatic cells, that is, those forming the cord envelope and the somatic cells that are associated with oocytes (follicular cells) have a well-developed system of intercellular channels. Additionally, one prominent somatic cell, the apical cell, was found at the apical tip of each ovary cord. Because the aforementioned features of ovary cords found in B. weberi are very similar (with a few minor exceptions) to the ovary cords that have been described in Erpobdella octoculata and E. johanssoni, we propose the term "ovary cords of the Erpobdella type" for them. Our results support a close phylogenetic relationship between Salifidae and Erpobdellidae. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.},

note = {12},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84892509076,

title = {Synergids and filiform apparatus in the sexual and apomictic dandelions from section Palustria (Taraxacum, Asteraceae)},

author = { B.J. Płachno and K. Musiał and P. Świątek and M. Tuleja and J. Marciniuk and A. Grabowska-Joachimiak},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84892509076&doi=10.1007%2fs00709-013-0539-2&partnerID=40&md5=2e936fb2109b05db47821bab36a653c4},

doi = {10.1007/s00709-013-0539-2},

issn = {0033183X},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-01-01},

journal = {Protoplasma},

volume = {251},

number = {1},

pages = {211-217},

abstract = {An evolutionary trend to reduce "unnecessary costs" associated with the sexual reproduction of their amphimictic ancestors, which may result in greater reproductive success, has been observed among the obligatory apomicts. However, in the case of the female gametophyte, knowledge about this trend in apomicts is not sufficient because most of the ultrastructural studies of the female gametophyte have dealt with amphimictic angiosperms. In this paper, we tested the hypothesis that, in contrast to amphimictic plants, synergids in apomictic embryo sacs do not form a filiform apparatus. We compared the synergid structure in two dandelions from sect. Palustria: the amphimictic diploid Taraxacum tenuifolium and the apomictic tetraploid, male-sterile Taraxacum brandenburgicum. Synergids in both species possessed a filiform apparatus. In T. brandenburgicum, both synergids persisted for a long time without any degeneration, in spite of the presence of an embryo and endosperm. We propose that the persistent synergids in apomicts may play a role in the transport of nutrients to the embryo. © 2013 The Author(s).},

note = {11},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84881028442,

title = {Organisation of the endosperm and endosperm-placenta syncytia in bladderworts (Utricularia, Lentibulariaceae) with emphasis on the microtubule arrangement},

author = { B.J. Płachno and P. Świątek and H. Sas-Nowosielska and M. Kozieradzka-kiszkurno},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84881028442&doi=10.1007%2fs00709-012-0468-5&partnerID=40&md5=3df3a0ec375ee40bf351f9a49ca5ddc9},

doi = {10.1007/s00709-012-0468-5},

issn = {0033183X},

year  = {2013},

date = {2013-01-01},

journal = {Protoplasma},

volume = {250},

number = {4},

pages = {863-873},

abstract = {Multinucleate cells play an important role in higher plants, especially during reproduction; however, the configurations of their cytoskeletons, which are formed as a result of mitosis without cytokinesis, have mainly been studied in coenocytes. Previous authors have proposed that in spite of their developmental origin (cell fusion or mitosis without cytokinesis), in multinucleate plant cells, radiating microtubules determine the regular spacing of individual nuclei. However, with the exception of specific syncytia induced by parasitic nematodes, there is no information about the microtubular cytoskeleton in plant heterokaryotic syncytia, i.e. when the nuclei of fused cells come from different cell pools. In this paper, we describe the arrangement of microtubules in the endosperm and special endosperm-placenta syncytia in two Utricularia species. These syncytia arise from different progenitor cells, i.e. cells of the maternal sporophytic nutritive tissue and the micropylar endosperm haustorium (both maternal and paternal genetic material). The development of the endosperm in the two species studied was very similar. We describe microtubule configurations in the three functional endosperm domains: the micropylar syncytium, the endosperm proper and the chalazal haustorium. In contrast to plant syncytia that are induced by parasitic nematodes, the syncytia of Utricularia had an extensive microtubular network. Within each syncytium, two giant nuclei, coming from endosperm cells, were surrounded by a three-dimensional cage of microtubules, which formed a huge cytoplasmic domain. At the periphery of the syncytium, where new protoplasts of the nutritive cells join the syncytium, the microtubules formed a network which surrounded small nuclei from nutritive tissue cells and were also distributed through the cytoplasm. Thus, in the Utricularia syncytium, there were different sized cytoplasmic domains, whose architecture depended on the source and size of the nuclei. The endosperm proper was isolated from maternal (ovule) tissues by a cuticle layer, so the syncytium and chalazal haustorium were the only way for nutrients to be transported from the maternal tissue towards the developing embryo. © 2012 The Author(s).},

note = {9},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84878678821,

title = {A new leech species (Clitellata: Hirudinida: Piscicolidae) from the Łyna River Near Olsztyn, Poland},

author = { A. Bielecki and J.M. Cichocka and P. Świątek and M. Gorzel},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84878678821&doi=10.1645%2fGE-3154.1&partnerID=40&md5=32ecd17d77c2ae267cc8c3c50a8df0c0},

doi = {10.1645/GE-3154.1},

issn = {00223395},

year  = {2013},

date = {2013-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Parasitology},

volume = {99},

number = {3},

pages = {467-474},

abstract = {A new species of fish leech from Poland, Piscicola burresoni n. sp. (Piscicolidae), is described. The leech was found in 2007 on stones and on pike (Esox lucius L.) and chub (Leuciscus cephalus L.) in the Łyna River, Poland. The leech is small, relatively flattened, with a prominent coarctation between the trachelosome and urosome. The pigmentation is unique to the new species and it has 14 annuli with gonopores separated by 4 annuli. The receptaculum seminis consists of an elliptical aperture located at a distance of 3 annuli behind the female gonopore. The copulatory area on the clitellum is characteristic in the shape of a parallel ellipse. The vector tissue is in the form of a transverse plate below the oviduct outlet. For a complete description of the external morphology, a geometric-mathematical model of the leech body form was used. © 2013 American Society of Parasitologists.},

note = {5},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84878010897,

title = {Anatomy of ovary and ovule in dandelions (Taraxacum, Asteraceae)},

author = { K. Musiał and B.J. Płachno and P. Świątek and J. Marciniuk},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84878010897&doi=10.1007%2fs00709-012-0455-x&partnerID=40&md5=7154362c7deafdcc92959de8d3f56864},

doi = {10.1007/s00709-012-0455-x},

issn = {0033183X},

year  = {2013},

date = {2013-01-01},

journal = {Protoplasma},

volume = {250},

number = {3},

pages = {715-722},

abstract = {The genus Taraxacum Wigg. (Asteraceae) forms a polyploid complex within which there are strong links between the ploidy level and the mode of reproduction. Diploids are obligate sexual, whereas polyploids are usually apomictic. The paper reports on a comparative study of the ovary and especially the ovule anatomy in the diploid dandelion T. linearisquameum and the triploid T. gentile. Observations with light and electron microscopy revealed no essential differences in the anatomy of both the ovary and ovule in the examined species. Dandelion ovules are anatropous, unitegmic and tenuinucellate. In both sexual and apomictic species, a zonal differentiation of the integument is characteristic of the ovule. In the integumentary layers situated next to the endothelium, the cell walls are extremely thick and PAS positive. Data obtained from TEM indicate that these special walls have an open spongy structure and their cytoplasm shows evidence of gradual degeneration. Increased deposition of wall material in the integumentary cells surrounding the endothelium takes place especially around the chalazal pole of the embryo sac as well as around the central cell. In contrast, the integumentary cells surrounding the micropylar region have thin walls and exhibit a high metabolic activity. The role of the thick-walled integumentary layers in the dandelion ovule is discussed. We also consider whether this may be a feature of taxonomic importance. © 2012 The Author(s).},

note = {25},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84875075636,

title = {Ovary organization and oogenesis in two species of Lumbriculida (Annelida, Clitellata)},

author = { A.Z. Urbisz and P. Świątek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84875075636&doi=10.1016%2fj.zool.2012.10.003&partnerID=40&md5=c1d407a95626f2277bfc2ebb847fcba1},

doi = {10.1016/j.zool.2012.10.003},

issn = {09442006},

year  = {2013},

date = {2013-01-01},

journal = {Zoology},

volume = {116},

number = {2},

pages = {118-128},

abstract = {The aim of the present study is to describe the organization of the ovary and mode of oogenesis at the ultrastructural level in two representatives of Lumbriculida - Lumbriculus variegatus and Stylodrilus heringianus. In both species studied, the ovaries are small and conically shaped structures that are attached to the intersegmental septum via a thin ligament. The ovaries are composed of germline cysts formed by germ cells interconnected by stable cytoplasmic bridges. As a rule, the cyst center is occupied by a poorly developed anuclear cytoplasmic mass, termed a cytophore, whereas the germ cells are located at the periphery of the cyst. Germline cysts are enveloped by somatic cells. The ovaries of the species studied are polarized, i.e., along the long axis of the ovary there is an evident gradient of germ cell development. The data obtained suggest ovary meroism, i.e., two categories of germ cells were found: oocytes, which continue meiosis, gather nutrients, grow and protrude into the body cavity, and nurse cells, which do not grow and are supposed to supply oocytes with cell organelles and macromolecules via the cytophore. The ovary structure and mode of oogenesis in the species studied were compared with those of other clitellate annelids. As a rule, in all clitellates studied to date, the ovaries are composed of germline cysts equipped with a cytophore and associated with somatic cells; however, the ovary morphology differs between taxa regarding several quantitative and qualitative features. The ovary organization and mode of oogenesis in L. variegatus and S. heringianus strongly resemble those found in Tubificinae and Branchiobdellida studied to date. Our results also support a sister-group relationship between Lumbriculida and a clade comprising ectoparasitic clitellates (i.e.; Branchiobdellida; Acanthobdellida and Hirudinida) with Branchiobdellida as a plesiomorphic sister group to Acanthobdellida and Hirudinida. © 2013 Elsevier GmbH.},

note = {22},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84870662595,

title = {An ultrastructural study of the ovary cord organization and oogenesis in Erpobdella johanssoni (Annelida, Clitellata: Hirudinida)},

author = { R. Ben Ahmed and S. Tekaya and K. Małota and P. Świątek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84870662595&doi=10.1016%2fj.micron.2012.07.005&partnerID=40&md5=5d84c2a9fac5577947872215f4e46bd7},

doi = {10.1016/j.micron.2012.07.005},

issn = {09684328},

year  = {2013},

date = {2013-01-01},

journal = {Micron},

volume = {44},

number = {1},

pages = {275-286},

abstract = {The aims of the present study were to analyze the ovary cord structure and oogenesis in Erpobdella johanssoni under light, fluorescent and transmission electron microscopy and to compare the obtained results with other clitellate annelids, especially with other arhynchobdellid leeches. Each of the paired ovaries is composed of the ovary wall (ovisac) and several (7-8) short, cone-shaped ovary cords. The ovary cords are of the "Erpobdella" type, i.e. they are short and polarized and five zones containing germ cells at consecutives stages of their development can be distinguished along their long axis. One, huge somatic cell (the apical cell), oogonia and premeiotic germ cells occur at the tip of the apical part of the ovary cord - zone I. Below, in zone II germ cells enter meiosis, whereas in zone III only a few cells continue meiosis and gather nutrients (oocytes), while the rest become nurse cells. In zone IV, huge vitellogenic oocytes form protuberances on the surface of the cord, and degenerating germ cells were observed at the base of the ovary cord (zones IV and V). The germline cells form syncytial cysts in zones I-III. The germline cysts have broadly the same architecture as in the ovaries of all of the clitellate annelids that have been described to date. Each germ cell in a cyst has only one cytoplasmic bridge connecting it to the common cytoplasmic mass - the cytophore. The cytophore is poorly developed, and it has the form of thin, long cytoplasmic strands. The presence of two categories of germ cells suggests a meroistic mode of oogenesis. The germline cysts are closely associated with somatic, follicular cells. There are two subpopulations of follicular cells: one envelops the growing oocytes, while the second is distributed between other germ cells. The entire ovary cord is additionally enveloped by a layer of somatic cells with a spongy appearance - the spongiosa cells. A characteristic feature of vitellogenic oocytes is the condensation of the chromosomes into a karyosome. Fully grown oocytes are excluded from the ovary cords and float freely in the ovisac lumen. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.},

note = {16},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84870316806,

title = {Orthosomella lipae sp. n. (Microsporidia) a parasite of the weevil, Liophloeus lentus Germar, 1824 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)},

author = { M. Ovcharenko and P. Świątek and J. Ironside and T. Skalski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84870316806&doi=10.1016%2fj.jip.2012.10.007&partnerID=40&md5=17547bce07b9818ddeb09ebef052350d},

doi = {10.1016/j.jip.2012.10.007},

issn = {00222011},

year  = {2013},

date = {2013-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Invertebrate Pathology},

volume = {112},

number = {1},

pages = {33-40},

abstract = {A new microsporidium, Orthosomella lipae sp. n., was isolated from the outer ovariole sheath, trophic chambers, oocytes, somatic tissues and eggs of adults of the weevil, Liophloeus lentus Germar, 1824 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) from southern Poland. Morphological and life cycle characteristics revealed using light and electron microscopy, place this new species within the Unikaryonidae. However, the 16S rDNA phylogeny indicates that it is associated with the genus Orthosomella. © 2012 Elsevier Inc.},

note = {9},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84868524619,

title = {A comparative morphology of the male genitalia of Aphididae (Insecta, Hemiptera): Part 2},

author = { K. Wieczorek and B.J. Płachno and P. Świątek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84868524619&doi=10.1007%2fs00435-012-0163-2&partnerID=40&md5=6008c926297a3e2f847315a0d18b0dd3},

doi = {10.1007/s00435-012-0163-2},

issn = {0720213X},

year  = {2012},

date = {2012-01-01},

journal = {Zoomorphology},

volume = {131},

number = {4},

pages = {303-324},

publisher = {Springer Verlag},

abstract = {The present study provides new data related to the morphology of the male genitalia of Aphididae. The structure of the male genitalia of 39 species from 23 genera of Aphididae was studied using light and scanning electron microscopy. In the species studied, the genitalia of males consist of a phallus composed of the sclerotized basal part with its articulation and a membranous apical part-an aedeagus as well as parameres. This state probably represents the hypothetical plesiomorphic condition of the external male genitalia of aphids. According to the results of the present study, the male genitalia vary among subfamilies (the most varied in Lachninae). Both the phallus and parameres show great variability in their form and the number of setae and may provide characters of taxonomic and diagnostic importance. The shape, size, and modification of parameres are considered in conjunction with the phylogenetic relationships among the studied taxa. Compared with Lachninae, Greenideinae, Aiceoninae, the external genitalia of Aphidinae are less specialized, having many features in common with those of drepanosiphine aphids and differing little from the hypothetical condition. In dwarfish males of Anoeciinae, Thelaxinae, Hormaphidinae, and Eriosomatinae, the miniaturization of the body size affects on the modification of genitalia, mostly parameres. However, the homology of non-modified and modified structures of parameres is not clear. © 2012 The Author(s).},

note = {18},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84862337647,

title = {Morphology and ultrastructure of the midgut in Piscicola geometra (Annelida, Hirudinea)},

author = { M.M. Rost-Roszkowska and P. Świątek and M. Kszuk and K. Główczyk and A. Bielecki},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84862337647&doi=10.1007%2fs00709-011-0337-7&partnerID=40&md5=bed009bb9d52aeeca17f0c365d4556ee},

doi = {10.1007/s00709-011-0337-7},

issn = {0033183X},

year  = {2012},

date = {2012-01-01},

journal = {Protoplasma},

volume = {249},

number = {4},

pages = {1037-1047},

publisher = {Springer-Verlag Wien},

abstract = {This paper presents information on the organization of the midgut and its epithelium ultrastructure in juvenile and adult specimens of Piscicola geometra (Annelida; Hirudinea), a species which is a widespread ectoparasite found on the body and gills and in the mouth of many types of fish. The analysis of juvenile nonfeeding specimens helped in the explanation of all alterations in the midgut epithelium which are connected with digestion. The endodermal portion (midgut) of the digestive system is composed of four regions: the esophagus, the crop, the posterior crop caecum, and the intestine. Their epithelia are formed by flat, cuboidal, or columnar digestive cells; however, single small cells which do not contact the midgut lumen were also observed. The ultrastructure of all of the regions of the midgut are described and discussed with a special emphasis on their functions in the digestion of blood. In P. geometra, the part of the midgut that is devoid of microvilli is responsible for the accumulation of blood, while the epithelium of the remaining part of the midgut, which has a distinct regionalization in the distribution of organelles, plays a role in its absorption and secretion. Glycogen granules in the intestinal epithelium indicate its role in the accumulation of sugar. The comparison of the ultrastructure of midgut epithelium in juvenile and adult specimens suggests that electron-dense granules observed in the apical cytoplasm of digestive cells take part in enzyme accumulation. Numerous microorganisms were observed in the mycetome, which is composed of two large oval diverticles that connect with the esophagus via thin ducts. Similar microorganisms also occurred in the cytoplasm of the epithelium in the esophagus, the crop, the intestine, and in their lumen. Microorganisms were observed both in fed adult and unfed juvenile specimens of P. geometra, which strongly suggests that vertical transmission occurs from parent to offspring. © 2011 The Author(s).},

note = {8},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84862666353,

title = {Actin cytoskeleton in the extra-ovular embryo sac of Utricularia nelumbifolia (Lentibulariaceae)},

author = { B.J. Płachno and P. Świątek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84862666353&doi=10.1007%2fs00709-011-0306-1&partnerID=40&md5=f51ed1e4ccee3089100aeafe381ca612},

doi = {10.1007/s00709-011-0306-1},

issn = {0033183X},

year  = {2012},

date = {2012-01-01},

journal = {Protoplasma},

volume = {249},

number = {3},

pages = {663-670},

abstract = {The actin cytoskeleton in the mature female gametophyte of angiosperms has been examined in only a few dicot and monocot species. The main purposes of this study were to identify how the actin cytoskeleton is arranged in the mature extra-ovular embryo sac in Utricularia nelumbifolia (Lentibulariaceae). We found that the extra-ovular part of the central cell has a well-developed actin cytoskeleton: actin microfilaments formed of long strands which run longitudinally or transversally to the long axis of the embryo sac. The exerted part of the central cell, which is exposed to the environment of the ovary chamber, is highly vacuolated and in the thin peripheral cytoplasm possesses a complicated network of actin microfilaments. The epidermal cells of the placenta that are in contact with the extra-ovular part of the embryo sac are crushed. The ultrastructure data of these cells are presented. We detected the accumulation of the actin cytoskeleton between the micropylar parts of the synergids and the extra-ovular part of central cell. This actin accumulation is unusual because in typical angiosperms the micropylar parts of the synergids form the apex of the female gametophyte. © 2011 The Author(s).},

note = {7},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84857029800,

title = {Ovary architecture of two branchiobdellid species and Acanthobdella peledina (Annelida, Clitellata)},

author = { P. Świątek and A.Z. Urbisz and W. Strużyński and B.J. Płachno and A. Bielecki and S. Cios and E. Salonen and J. Klag},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84857029800&doi=10.1016%2fj.jcz.2011.08.001&partnerID=40&md5=08e6386d462187c116572001d31dec15},

doi = {10.1016/j.jcz.2011.08.001},

issn = {00445231},

year  = {2012},

date = {2012-01-01},

journal = {Zoologischer Anzeiger},

volume = {251},

number = {1},

pages = {71-82},

publisher = {Elsevier GmbH},

abstract = {The aim of this study was to present data about ovary organization and oogenesis in two small groups of clitellate annelids, i.e. in representatives of Acanthobdellida (Acanthobdella peledina) and Branchiobdellida (Branchiobdella pentodonta and Branchiobdella parasitica), and to compare them to ovaries known from true leeches and oligochaetous clitellates. In A. peledina, the ovaries have the form of elongated cords, termed ovary cords, and are enveloped by coelomic sacs, the so-called ovisacs. The ovisacs are paired and each one contains only one ovary cord. The morphology and structure of the ovary cords depend on the maturity level of the animal. In young specimens the ovary cords are short and contain mainly oogonial cells and germ cells entering meiosis. Oogonia divide mitotically without full cytokineses, and as a result germ-line cysts are formed. As the animals grow, the cords become more elongated and the germ cells within the cords differentiate into nurse cells and oocytes. Oocytes gather cell organelles and, finally, detach from the ovary cord and float freely in the ovisac lumen.In both examined branchiobdellidans the ovaries are also paired. They are short and conical and are not enclosed within ovisacs. The narrow end of each ovary is connected to the intersegmental septum via a ligament, whereas the outermost (broad) end of the ovary extends freely into the coelom. The ovaries are polarized. Their narrow ends contain oogonia, whereas nurse cells and growing oocytes, gradually projecting from the ovary, can be found in their middle and outermost parts. Early vitellogenic oocytes detach from the ovary and float freely in the coelom.In all of the species studied, the ovaries are made up of germ-line cysts associated with somatic (follicular) cells. The architecture of a germ-line cyst is exactly the same as in other clitellate annelids that have been studied to date. Each germ cell in a cyst has one stable cytoplasmic bridge connecting it with a central anuclear cytoplasmic mass, a cytophore. The fate of germ cells constituting cysts is diverse. The majority of the cells withdraw from meiosis and become nurse cells; only a few continue meiosis, grow and become oocytes. The meroistic mode of oogenesis is suggested. We suggest also that the formation of germ-line cysts and ovary meroism should be regarded as basal conditions for all Clitellata. The occurrence of ovisacs enveloping the ovaries in A. peledina and Hirudinida is regarded as a synapomorphy of both groups, whereas ovaries found in B. pentodonta and B. parasitica have no ovisacs and resemble ovaries described in Oligochaeta sensu stricto. © 2011 Elsevier GmbH.},

note = {26},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-79960234694,

title = {The F-actin cytoskeleton in syncytia from non-clonal progenitor cells},

author = { B.J. Płachno and P. Świątek and M. Kozieradzka-kiszkurno},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79960234694&doi=10.1007%2fs00709-010-0209-6&partnerID=40&md5=ee4c6bf5a3988b462f60c1c7c9f072ca},

doi = {10.1007/s00709-010-0209-6},

issn = {0033183X},

year  = {2011},

date = {2011-01-01},

journal = {Protoplasma},

volume = {248},

number = {3},

pages = {623-629},

abstract = {The actin cytoskeleton of plant syncytia (a multinucleate cell arising through fusion) is poorly known: to date, there have only been reports about F-actin organization in plant syncytia induced by parasitic nematodes. To broaden knowledge regarding this issue, we analyzed F-actin organization in special heterokaryotic Utricularia syncytia, which arise from maternal sporophytic tissues and endosperm haustoria. In contrast to plant syncytia induced by parasitic nematodes, the syncytia of Utricularia have an extensive F-actin network. Abundant F-actin cytoskeleton occurs both in the region where cell walls are digested and the protoplast of nutritive tissue cells fuse with the syncytium and also near a giant amoeboid in the shape nuclei in the central part of the syncytium. An explanation for the presence of an extensive F-actin network and especially F-actin bundles in the syncytia is probably that it is involved in the movement of nuclei and other organelles and also the transport of nutrients in these physiological activity organs which are necessary for the development of embryos in these unique carnivorous plants. We observed that in Utricularia nutritive tissue cells, actin forms a randomly arranged network of F-actin, and later in syncytium, two patterns of F-actin were observed, one characteristic for nutritive cells and second-actin bundles-characteristic for haustoria and suspensors, thus syncytia inherit their F-actin patterns from their progenitors. © 2010 The Author(s).},

note = {9},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-79953237344,

title = {Syncytia in plants: Cell fusion in endosperm-placental syncytium formation in Utricularia (Lentibulariaceae)},

author = { B.J. Płachno and P. Świątek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79953237344&doi=10.1007%2fs00709-010-0173-1&partnerID=40&md5=d31bbe0cf05f5efce41dd73198cc301e},

doi = {10.1007/s00709-010-0173-1},

issn = {0033183X},

year  = {2011},

date = {2011-01-01},

journal = {Protoplasma},

volume = {248},

number = {2},

pages = {425-435},

abstract = {The syncytium formed by Utricularia is extremely unusual and perhaps unique among angiosperm syncytia. All typical plant syncytia (articulated laticifers; amoeboid tapetum; the nucellar plasmodium of river weeds) are formed only by fusion of sporophytic cells which possess the same genetic material, unlike Utricularia in which the syncytium possesses nuclei from two different sources: cells of maternal sporophytic nutritive tissue and endosperm haustorium (both maternal and paternal genetic material). How is this kind of syncytium formed and organized and is it similar to other plant syncytial structures? We used light and electron microscopy to reconstruct the step-by-step development of the Utricularia syncytia. The syncytia of Utricularia developed through heterotypic cell fusion involving the digestion of the cell wall, and finally, heterokaryotic multinucleate structures were formed, which possessed different-sized nuclei that were not regularly arranged in the cytoplasm. We showed that these syncytia were characterized by hypertrophy of nuclei, abundant endoplasmic reticulum and organelles, and the occurrence of wall ingrowths. All these characters testify to high activity and may confirm the nutritive and transport functions of the syncytium for the developing embryo. In Utricularia, the formation of the syncytium provides an economical way to redistribute cell components and release nutrients from the digested cell walls, which can now be used for the embryo, and finally to create a large surface for the exchange of nutrients between the placenta and endosperm. © 2010 Springer-Verlag.},

note = {13},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84862764520,

title = {A checklist of leech species from Poland.},

author = { A. Bielecki and J.M. Cichocka and I. Jeleń and P. Świątek and Z. Adamiak-Brud},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84862764520&partnerID=40&md5=c05167d10b972bf4373fd19acddaa8ca},

issn = {00435163},

year  = {2011},

date = {2011-01-01},

journal = {Wiadomości parazytologiczne},

volume = {57},

number = {1},

pages = {11-20},

abstract = {In this study 47 leech species from Poland are listed. They belong to two orders, two suborders, five families and 17 genera. The checklist also includes the information about hosts, distribution in Poland and references concerning the leech species discussed in this study.},

note = {16},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-80955144205,

title = {Comparative morphology of the male genitalia of Aphididae (Insecta, Hemiptera): Part 1},

author = { K. Wieczorek and B.J. Płachno and P. Świątek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80955144205&doi=10.1007%2fs00435-011-0134-z&partnerID=40&md5=7d4f0f71dc8235f86b886a5715d71ee1},

doi = {10.1007/s00435-011-0134-z},

issn = {0720213X},

year  = {2011},

date = {2011-01-01},

journal = {Zoomorphology},

volume = {130},

number = {4},

pages = {289-303},

publisher = {Springer Verlag},

abstract = {The present study provides new data concerning the morphology of the male genitalia of Aphididae and unifies their nomenclature. The structure of the male genitalia of 31 species from 26 genera of Aphididae was studied with light and scanning electron microscopy. In the studied species, the genitalia of males consist of a phallus composed of the sclerotized basal part with its articulation and a membranous apical part-an aedeagus. Laterally of the phallus, there is a pair of setose parameres. The shape of the aedeagus, the shape and length of the sclerotized basal part and its articulation as well as the variability of parameres in their form and the number of setae are recognized as important systematic signs of the genitalia. These characters are considered in conjunction with the phylogenetic relationships among the studied taxa. © 2011 The Author(s).},

note = {25},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-78349308677,

title = {Ovary cords organization in Hirudo troctina Johnson, 1816 and Limnatis nilotica (Savigny, 1822) (Clitellata, Hirudinea)},

author = { R. Ben Ahmed and A.Z. Fuchs and S. Tekaya and A.H. Harrath and P. Świątek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-78349308677&doi=10.1016%2fj.jcz.2010.08.004&partnerID=40&md5=934a93846d2f4c10ba575d5a5bdd9534},

doi = {10.1016/j.jcz.2010.08.004},

issn = {00445231},

year  = {2010},

date = {2010-01-01},

journal = {Zoologischer Anzeiger},

volume = {249},

number = {3-4},

pages = {201-207},

abstract = {In both examined species of Hirudinea there are paired spheroid ovisacs, and within each ovisac two convoluted ovary cords occur. The morphology of the cords is characteristic: their apical end is club-shaped, the central part is narrow and may contain developing oocytes, whereas the basal end of the cord is irregularly shaped and composed of degenerating cells. The ovary cords are built of somatic and germ-line cells; the latter are united into syncytial cysts. Each germ cell in such a cyst has only one stable cytoplasmic bridge connecting it to the central anuclear cytoplasmic mass, the cytophore. Initially all germ-line cells in a given cyst are morphologically identical, then the fates of cells diversify. Most of them become nurse cells and eventually degenerate; the rest continue meiosis, gather macromolecules, cell organelles and nutritive material and become oocytes. The oogenesis found in the species studied should be regarded as meroistic. Previtellogenic oocytes protrude from the cord into the ovisac lumen, whereas the vitellogenic ones float freely in the ovisac lumen. The somatic cells found in the ovary cords are: follicular cells which form the envelope of the cord and are also found among germ cells inside the cord, and one, huge apical cell that always is located at the top of the club-shaped end of the ovary cord. The apical cell has several characteristic features, e.g., it forms long cytoplasmic projections filled with intermediate filaments and it is connected to the neighbouring cells (both somatic and germ-line) via hemidesmosomes. We suggest that the apical cell forms the niche for maintaining germ and somatic stem cells. Generally, the organization of the ovary cords found in both studied species is broadly similar to those described in other hirudiniform leeches studied to date. © 2010 Elsevier GmbH.},

note = {24},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-78649648878,

title = {Ovaries of Tubificinae (Clitellata, Naididae) resemble ovary cords found in Hirudinea (Clitellata)},

author = { A.Z. Urbisz and M. Krodkiewska and P. Świątek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-78649648878&doi=10.1007%2fs00435-010-0116-6&partnerID=40&md5=01ee3d55eec778caf21c433c3281d97f},

doi = {10.1007/s00435-010-0116-6},

issn = {0720213X},

year  = {2010},

date = {2010-01-01},

journal = {Zoomorphology},

volume = {129},

number = {4},

pages = {235-247},

publisher = {Springer Verlag},

abstract = {The ultrastructure of the ovaries and oogenesis was studied in three species of three genera of Tubificinae. The paired ovaries are small, conically shaped structures, connected to the intersegmental septum between segments X and XI by their narrow end. The ovaries are composed of syncytial cysts of germ cells interconnected by stable cytoplasmic bridges (ring canals) and surrounded by follicular cells. The architecture of the germ-line cysts is exactly the same as in all clitellate annelids studied to date, i. e. each cell in a cyst has only one ring canal connecting it to the central, anuclear cytoplasmic mass, the cytophore. The ovaries found in all of the species studied seem to be meroistic, i. e. the ultimate fate of germ cells within a cyst is different, and the majority of cells withdraw from meiosis and become nurse cells; the rest continue meiosis, gather macromolecules, cell organelles and storage material, and become oocytes. The ovaries are polarized; their narrow end contains mitotically dividing oogonia and germ cells entering the meiosis prophase; whereas within the middle and basal parts, nurse cells, a prominent cytophore and growing oocytes occur. During late previtellogenesis/early vitellogenesis, the oocytes detach from the cytophore and float in the coelom; they are usually enveloped by the peritoneal epithelium and associated with blood vessels. Generally, the organization of ovaries in all of the Tubificinae species studied resembles the polarized ovary cords found within the ovisacs of some Euhirudinea. The organization of ovaries and the course of oogenesis between the genera studied and other clitellate annelids are compared. Finally, it is suggested that germ-line cysts formation and the meroistic mode of oogenesis may be a primary character for all Clitellata. © 2010 The Author(s).},

note = {20},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-78349307515,

title = {Germ-line cysts are formed during oogenesis in erpobdella octoculata (annelida, clitellata, erpobdellidae)},

author = { P. Świątek and F. Krok and A. Bielecki},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-78349307515&doi=10.1080%2f07924259.2010.9652317&partnerID=40&md5=a734cfd09271dfa64f067ea253d21e6a},

doi = {10.1080/07924259.2010.9652317},

issn = {07924259},

year  = {2010},

date = {2010-01-01},

journal = {Invertebrate Reproduction and Development},

volume = {54},

number = {2},

pages = {53-63},

abstract = {Erpobdella octoculata (Clitellata; Hirudinea; Erpobdellidae) has paired ovarian sacs, each containing several rod-shaped structures termed ovarian bodies. Oogenesis takes place within the ovarian bodies. We show that in the apical part of the bodies the germ-line cells form syncytial cysts of cells interconnected by stable intercellular bridges. Germ-line cyst architecture is broadly similar to that of other clitellate annelids; that is, each germ cell has only one intercellular bridge connecting it to the anuclear cytoplasmic mass, the cytophore. Unlike germ-line cysts described in other leech species, the cytophore in cysts of E. octoculata is poorly developed, taking the form of thin cytoplasmic strands. Oogenesis in E. octoculata is meroistic because the germ cells forming the cysts (cystocytes) have diverse fates, i.e., nurse cells and oocytes appear. One large ramified cell (apical cell) occurs within the apical part of the ovarian body. We compare the ultrastructure of the apical cell found in E. octoculata with that of apical cells described recently in some hirudiniform leeches. The germ-line cysts as well as the oocytes are enveloped by somatic follicular cells. As in other leeches, the follicular cells surrounding the growing oocytes have cytoplasm perforated by intracellular canals. In view of the many similarities between E. octoculata ovarian bodies and the ovary cords described in glossiphoniids and especially in hirudiniform leeches, we suggest that the ovarian bodies found in E. octoculata are in fact modified ovary cords. © 2010 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.},

note = {18},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-77949267117,

title = {Unusual embryo structure in viviparous Utricularia nelumbifolia, with remarks on embryo evolution in genus Utricularia},

author = { B.J. Płachno and P. Świątek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77949267117&doi=10.1007%2fs00709-009-0084-1&partnerID=40&md5=b1fece377c879889812fecb197d2a45f},

doi = {10.1007/s00709-009-0084-1},

issn = {0033183X},

year  = {2010},

date = {2010-01-01},

journal = {Protoplasma},

volume = {239},

number = {1-4},

pages = {69-80},

abstract = {In most species of the Genlisea-Utricularia sister lineage, the organs arising directly after germination comprise a single leaf-like structure, followed by a bladder-trap/stolon, with the lack of an embryonic primary root considered a synapomorphic character. Previous anatomical work suggests that the most common recent ancestor of Utricularia possessed an embryo comprising storage tissue and a meristematic apical region minus lateral organs. Studies of embryogenesis across the Utricularia lineage suggest that multiple primary organs have only evolved in the viviparous Utricularia nelumbifolia, Utricularia reniformis, and Utricularia humboldtii within the derived Iperua/Orchidioides clade. All three of these species are specialized for growth as "aquatic epiphytes" in the tanks of bromeliads, with recent phylogenetic evidence suggesting the possibility that multiple primary organs may have evolved twice independently within this clade. The primary organs of viviparous Utricularia also possess epidermal surface glands, and our study suggests that these may function as root hairs for uptake of solutes from the external environment-a possible adaptation for the "aquatic-epiphytic" habitat. © Springer-Verlag 2009.},

note = {31},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-75149143840,

title = {Can a stench be beautiful? - Osmophores in stem-succulent stapeliads (Apocynaceae-Asclepiadoideae-Ceropegieae-Stapeliinae)},

author = { B.J. Płachno and P. Świątek and G. Szymczak},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-75149143840&doi=10.1016%2fj.flora.2009.01.002&partnerID=40&md5=eb94d1dc4ec135a3a4e3ac7dd8dde5c4},

doi = {10.1016/j.flora.2009.01.002},

issn = {03672530},

year  = {2010},

date = {2010-01-01},

journal = {Flora: Morphology, Distribution, Functional Ecology of Plants},

volume = {205},

number = {2},

pages = {101-105},

abstract = {Carrion flower stapeliads are examples of olfactory mimicry, forming sapromyiophilous flowers, which mimic food sources or oviposition sites to attract fly pollinators. The aim of this work was to investigate the ultrastructure of osmophores involved in the release of the carrion odor of Orbea variegata and Boucerosia indica flowers. In spite of their similar architecture (epidermal epithelium+subepidermal secretory layers), the osmophores of stapeliads feature some differences in morphology and ultrastructure. The epidermal epithelial cells of O. variegata and B. indica differ in shape, but both are extremely rich in endoplasmic reticulum and flocculent material in the vacuole. Unlike the Orbea, Boucerosia has starchless leucoplasts in the epidermal epithelium. Orbea features a cuticle with microchannels, while Boucerosia has a different mechanism for the pathway of scent substances to the cell exterior. They are released by rupturing of the outer layer of cuticle at the apex of the papillae. The epidermal cells of the adaxial corolla differ even between parts of the corolla, the corolla lobes and the annulus in the flower. This diversity may be connected with an odor gradient. The morphological and anatomical features of stapeliad (subtribe Stapeliinae) osmophores are generally similar to osmophores of members of subtribe Ceropegiinae (Ceropegia), thus, we suggest that this model of osmophores evolved before early diversification of Ceropegieae. The ultrastructural features of stapeliad osmophores are generally similar to those of Araceae, Orchidaceae and Passifloraceae. © 2009 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.},

note = {26},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-77951732293,

title = {Are there seed pedestals in lentibulariaceae},

author = { B.J. Płachno and D. Clivati and V.F.O. Miranda and P. Świątek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77951732293&partnerID=40&md5=95bc82d976836207741a98c254f099c7},

issn = {00015296},

year  = {2009},

date = {2009-01-01},

journal = {Acta Biologica Cracoviensia Series Botanica},

volume = {51},

number = {2},

pages = {115-118},

abstract = {The term "seed pedestal" was introduced recently to describe a structure of placental origin connecting a seed with the placenta. Seed pedestals are widespread in Scrophulariaceae and a few adjacent families, but have not been found in Lentibulariaceae so far. Here their presence is reported for Utricularta reniformis from Brazil, and their formation during seed development is described. We observed that the formation of this structure was strictly associated with seed development; seed pedestals were not formed under aborted (unfertilized) ovules. © Polish Academy of Sciences and Jaglellonian University.},

note = {4},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-71849120408,

title = {Comparative study of the structure of the reproductive system of dwarfish males of Glyphina betulae (Linnaeus, 1758) and Anoecia (Anoecia) corni (Fabricius, 1775) (Hemiptera, Aphididae)},

author = { K. Wieczorek and P. Świątek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-71849120408&doi=10.1016%2fj.jcz.2009.04.001&partnerID=40&md5=2362a61b1b35ece0971cfa21e7abac79},

doi = {10.1016/j.jcz.2009.04.001},

issn = {00445231},

year  = {2009},

date = {2009-01-01},

journal = {Zoologischer Anzeiger},

volume = {248},

number = {3},

pages = {153-159},

abstract = {The morphology and ultrastructure of the male reproductive system of dwarfish males of the monoecious aphid species Glyphina betulae (subfamily Thelaxinae) and the heteroecious species Anoecia (Anoecia) corni (subfamily Anoeciinae) are described. The testicular follicle of these species has the form of a single sac, the proximal parts of the vasa deferentia are slightly (G. betulae) or strongly (A. (A.) corni) expanded, the accessory glands are sack-shaped, and in G. betulae asymmetric and strongly elongated, whereas the ejaculatory duct is short. In both species only mature spermatozoa have been found within the testicular follicles, i.e. the consecutive stages of spermatogenesis have not been observed in adult males. Our studies also show that the testicular follicle, vasa deferentia, accessory glands and ejaculatory duct are histologically very simple. They are composed of more-or-less flattened epithelium of a secretory type, and thin muscle fibres. The epithelial cells are rich in rough endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria and small vacuoles. The vasa deferentia, especially in G. betulae, are filled with an electron-dense secretion which, as was shown by histochemical staining, contains proteins and polysaccharides. We suggest that the maximum secretory activity of these epithelial cells occurs, as does spermatogenesis, during larval stages, so that the short living adult males are immediately ready for copulation as in other aphids with normal-sized males. © 2009 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.},

note = {14},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-70349319464,

title = {Functional anatomy of the ovule in Genlisea with remarks on ovule evolution in Lentibulariaceae},

author = { B.J. Płachno and P. Świątek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-70349319464&doi=10.1007%2fs00709-009-0045-8&partnerID=40&md5=6363c328d78d2a59551ebfeac3589335},

doi = {10.1007/s00709-009-0045-8},

issn = {0033183X},

year  = {2009},

date = {2009-01-01},

journal = {Protoplasma},

volume = {236},

number = {1-4},

pages = {39-48},

abstract = {The Lentibulariaceae are highly evolved and specialized carnivorous angiosperms displaying not only unusual morphology and embryology but also specific changes in the genome and chromosomes as large as bacterial chromosomes. Comparative study of the morphology and detailed anatomy of the ovule in the genera Genlisea, Utricularia, and Pinguicula should shed new light on the phylogeny of this family. The clade Genlisea + Utricularia is sister to the genus Pinguicula, which is considered the most primitive taxon within Lentibulariaceae. Thus we should expect the ovules of Genlisea to be more similar to those of the more closely related genus Utricularia than to Pinguicula. Surprisingly, the ovules of Genlisea retain characters (free funiculus; ES remaining in the ovule) in common with Pinguicula, presumably inherited from a common ancestor. Genlisea ovules have only one main character in common with subgenus Polypompholyx (Utricularia): a well-developed funiculus. There are differences between the ovules of the subgenera Genlisea and Tayloria. In subgenus Genlisea the micropyle tends to be closer to the funiculus and the ovule forms an unusual jacket-like nutritive tissue of integumental origin. The most specialized ovules in Lentibulariaceae evolved in the genus Utricularia. The special chalazal nutritive tissue in Genlisea and Utricularia is simply a hypostase. © Springer-Verlag 2009.},

note = {18},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-70349575795,

title = {Formation of germ-line cysts with a central cytoplasmic core is accompanied by specific orientation of mitotic spindles and partitioning of existing intercellular bridges},

author = { P. Świątek and J. Kubrakiewicz and J. Klag},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-70349575795&doi=10.1007%2fs00441-009-0788-8&partnerID=40&md5=2940a5eb47777c1c520da98569119665},

doi = {10.1007/s00441-009-0788-8},

issn = {0302766X},

year  = {2009},

date = {2009-01-01},

journal = {Cell and Tissue Research},

volume = {337},

number = {1},

pages = {137-148},

publisher = {Springer Verlag},

abstract = {Animal germ cells tend to form clonal groups known as clusters or cysts. Germ cells within the cyst (cystocytes) are interconnected by intercellular bridges and thus constitute a syncytium. Our knowledge of the mechanisms that control the formation of germ-cell clusters comes from extensive studies carried on model organisms (Drosophila; Xenopus). Germ-cell clusters have also been described in worms (annelids; flat worms and nematodes), although their architecture differs significantly from that known in arthropods or vertebrates. Their peculiar feature is the presence of a central anucleate cytoplasmic core (cytophore; rachis) around which the cystocytes are clustered. Each cystocyte in such a cluster always has one intercellular bridge connecting it to the central cytoplasmic core. The way that such clusters are formed has remained a riddle for decades. By means of light, fluorescence and electron microscopy, we have analysed the formation and architecture of cystocyte clusters during early stages of spermatogenesis and oogenesis in a few species belonging to clitellate (oligochaetous) annelids. Our data indicate that the appearance of germ cells connected via a central cytophore is accompanied by a specific orientation of the mitotic spindles during cystocyte divisions. Spindle long axes are always oriented tangentially to the surface of the cytophore. In consequence, cystocytes divide perpendicularly to the plane of the existing intercellular bridge. Towards the final stages of cytokinesis, the contractile ring of the cleavage furrow merges with the rim of the intercellular bridge that connects the dividing cystocyte with the cytophore and forces partition of the existing bridge into two new bridges. © Springer-Verlag 2009.},

note = {43},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-67649126085,

title = {Prey attraction In carnivorous Genlisea (Lentibulariaceae)},

author = { B.J. Płachno and M. Kozieradzka-kiszkurno and P. Świątek and D.W. Darnowski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-67649126085&partnerID=40&md5=134ab559804fb444fe87da185fcc2a17},

issn = {00015296},

year  = {2008},

date = {2008-01-01},

journal = {Acta Biologica Cracoviensia Series Botanica},

volume = {50},

number = {2},

pages = {87-94},

abstract = {In this study we test three hypotheses. (1) Secretory hairs In the arms and the distal part of the neck of the carnivorous plant Genlisea (Lentibulariaceae) have a different principal function than the digestive hairs in the digestive chamber, that is, prey attraction. (2) Only bacteria and other organisms inside the trap and on the external trap surface lure prey. (3) Substances produced by the plant have a minor influence on prey attraction; more important is trap shape and morphology, because protozoa and microfauna may move to the small interspaces (traps or capillaries) by accidental, nonspecific wandering. We studied the structure of secretory hairs (glands) in the arms and the distal and proximal parts of the trap neck using light, fluorescence and electron microscopy. We tested the hypotheses with several experiments using sterile Genlisea traps as well as glass tubes acting as a Genlisea trap model, and various organisms as prey (Blepharisma sp.; Paramecium bursaria; Euglena sp.). Hairs in the arms and the distal part of the Genlisea trap neck represent polysaccharide-proteinsecreting hairs. Prey still moved to cleaned traps without chemical attractants. In the proximal part of the neck the secretory hairs have the same ultrastructure as digestive hairs in the digestive chamber of Genlisea. Sterile traps do not need commensals for catching prey. The results of the behavioral experiments reported here support the hypothesis that prey can move to the traps or capillaries by accidental, nonspecific wandering to small objects filled with water. Thus, the complex structure of the Genlisea trap with long arms may help catch prey simply by providing a large surface with many small openings which mimic the interspaces between soil particles, and the plant does not need special mediators for prey attraction.},

note = {17},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-57249097180,

title = {Cytoarchitecture of Utricularia nutritive tissue},

author = { B.J. Płachno and P. Świątek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-57249097180&doi=10.1007%2fs00709-008-0020-9&partnerID=40&md5=f05379b2a38367830811df168c13637f},

doi = {10.1007/s00709-008-0020-9},

issn = {0033183X},

year  = {2008},

date = {2008-01-01},

journal = {Protoplasma},

volume = {234},

number = {1-4},

pages = {25-32},

abstract = {Beginning with light microscopy studies in the late 19th century, the placental "nutritive tissue" in carnivorous plants of Utricularia spp. has been well described by several authors. Based on observations of direct contact between the embryo sac and the "nutritive tissue" and the lack of vascularization of the ovule, it has been suggested that this nutritive tissue plays a key role in the nutrition of the female gametophyte. To date, however, the structure of this tissue has received only scant attention. To fill this knowledge gap, we have characterized its anatomy and histochemistry in more detail and addressed the speculations of a number of earlier researchers. Nutritive tissue during the period of flower opening in three Utricularia species, each belonging to different sections and subgenera (Polypompholyx; Bivalvaria and Utricularia), was examined by light and, in particular, electron microscopy. In all of the investigated species, nutritive tissue cells differ from placental parenchyma cells in having no huge vacuole, no large amyloplasts with starch grains, and no protein inclusions in the nucleus. The funicular nutritive tissue in U. dichotoma consists of active cells with a secretory character, while U. sandersonii has a small placental nutritive tissue consisting of colenchymatous cells accumulating lipids. The most complex nutritive tissue occurs in aquatic U. intermedia, which occupies a derived position in the genus phylogeny. In this latter species, the cells of this tissue resemble meristematic cells in having a relatively large nucleus, thin cell walls, and reduced vacuoles, but the well-developed endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in some cells is similar to that in secretory cells. The cytoplasm is rich in microtubules, some of which are in close contact with the ER cisternae. We found very thick cell walls between nutritive tissue cells and parenchyma cells, but plasmodesmata between these types of cells are rare. Similarities in both the position and structure of nutritive tissue in Polypompholyx and section Pleiochasia support their classification together in one subgenus, based on results from a molecular study. The position and structure of the nutritive tissue in Utricularia spp. are related to the position of various species in the genus phylogeny. © 2008 Springer-Verlag.},

note = {17},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-55349142164,

title = {Morphology and ultrastructure of the male reproductive system of the woolly beech aphid Phyllaphis fagi (Hemiptera: Aphididae: Phyllaphidinae)},

author = { K. Wieczorek and P. Świątek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-55349142164&doi=10.14411%2feje.2008.096&partnerID=40&md5=33704797df9c3a4175c4278e445b9c56},

doi = {10.14411/eje.2008.096},

issn = {12105759},

year  = {2008},

date = {2008-01-01},

journal = {European Journal of Entomology},

volume = {105},

number = {4},

pages = {707-712},

publisher = {Czech Academy of Sciences},

abstract = {In the present paper we describe for the first time the ultrastructure of the male reproductive system of aphids using Phyllaphis fagi as a representative. Paired testes of this species consist of three follicles each, arranged in a rosette, the walls of the proximal part of vasa deferentia cling together, accessory glands are club-shaped and elongated whereas the ejaculatory duct is reduced. Our study also shows that vasa deferentia, accessory glands and ejaculatory duct are histologically very simple. All of them are composed of cubical epithelium of secretory type. The epithelial cells are rich in rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complexes and produce small heterogeneous vacuoles. The apical membrane of these cells forms microvilli. The reproductive system epithelia stand on thin basal lamina. Outside the basal lamina thin muscle fibres are observed. Histochemical staining shows that secretion filling the lumen of vasa deferentia and accessory glands contains proteins and polysaccharides.},

note = {13},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-53349090703,

title = {Ovary cord structure and oogenesis in Hirudo medicinalis and Haemopis sanguisuga (Clitellata, Annelida): Remarks on different ovaries organization in Hirudinea},

author = { P. Świątek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-53349090703&doi=10.1007%2fs00435-008-0065-5&partnerID=40&md5=d5b05677807cc0d4bfbfe5edd05c1fec},

doi = {10.1007/s00435-008-0065-5},

issn = {0720213X},

year  = {2008},

date = {2008-01-01},

journal = {Zoomorphology},

volume = {127},

number = {4},

pages = {213-226},

publisher = {Springer Verlag},

abstract = {In Hirudo medicinalis and Haemopis sanguisuga, two convoluted ovary cords are found within each ovary. Each ovary cord is a polarized structure composed of germ cells (oogonia; developing oocytes; nurse cells) and somatic cells (apical cell; follicular cells). One end of the ovary cord is club-shaped and comprises one huge apical cell, numerous oogonia, and small cysts (clusters) of interconnected germ cells. The main part of the cord contains fully developed cysts composed of numerous nurse cells connected via intercellular bridges with the cytophore, which in turn is connected by a cytoplasmic bridge with the growing oocyte. The opposite end of the cord degenerates. Cord integrity is ensured by flattened follicular cells enveloping the cord; moreover, inside the cord, some follicular cells (internal follicular cells) are distributed among germ cells. As oogenesis progresses, the growing oocytes gradually protrude into the ovary lumen; as a result, fully developed oocytes arrested in meiotic metaphase I float freely in the ovary lumen. This paper describes the successive stages of oogenesis of H. medicinalis in detail. Ovary organization in Hirudinea was classified within four different types: non-polarized ovary cords were found in glossiphoniids, egg follicles were described in piscicolids, ovarian bodies were found characteristic for erpobdellids, and polarized ovary cords in hirudiniforms. Ovaries with polarized structures equipped with apical cell (i.e. polarized ovary cords and ovarian bodies) (as found in arhynchobdellids) are considered as primary for Hirudinea while non-polarized ovary cords and the occurrence of egg follicles (rhynchobdellids) represent derived condition. © 2008 Springer-Verlag.},

note = {32},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-37649022448,

title = {Oogenesis in four species of Piscicola (Hirudinea, Rhynchobdellida)},

author = { A. Spałek-Wołczyńska and J. Klag and A. Bielecki and P. Świątek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-37649022448&doi=10.1002%2fjmor.10568&partnerID=40&md5=7cdbba43e6730d582b51d982a14af34c},

doi = {10.1002/jmor.10568},

issn = {03622525},

year  = {2008},

date = {2008-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Morphology},

volume = {269},

number = {1},

pages = {18-28},

abstract = {Piscicola has a pair of elongated sac-shaped ovaries. Inside the ovaries are numerous small somatic cells and regularly spherical egg follicles. Each follicle is composed of three types of cells: many (average 30) germ cells (cystocytes) interconnected by intercellular bridges in clones (cysts), one intermediate cell, and three to five outer follicle cells (envelope cells). Each germ cell in a clone has one intercellular bridge connecting it to the central anucleate cytoplasmic mass, the cytophore. Each cluster of germ cells is completely embedded inside a single huge somatic follicle cell, the intermediate (interstitial) cell. The most spectacular feature of the intermediate cell is its development of a system of intracytoplasmic canals apparently formed of invaginations of its cell membrane. Initially the complex of germ cell cluster + intermediate cell is enclosed within an envelope composed of squamous cells. As oogenesis progresses the envelope cells gradually degenerate. All the germ cells that have terminated their mitotic divisions are of similar size and enter meiotic prophase, but one of the cystocytes promptly starts to grow faster and differentiates into the oocyte, whereas the remaining cystocytes withdraw from meiosis and become nurse cells (trophocytes). Numerous mitochondria, ER, and a vast amount of ribosomes are transferred from the trophocytes via the cytophore toward the oocyte. Eventually the oocyte ingests all the content of the cytophore, and the trophocytes degenerate. Little vitellogenesis takes place; the oocyte gathers nutrients in the form of small lipid droplets. At the end of oogenesis, an electron-dense fibrous vitelline envelope appears around the oocyte, among short microvilli. At the same time, electron-dense cortical granules occur in the oocyte cortical cytoplasm; at the end of oogenesis they are numerous, but after fertilization they disappear from the ooplasm. In the present article we point out many differences in the course of oogenesis in two related families of rhynchobdellids: piscicolids and glossiphoniids. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.},

note = {28},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-40649114816,

title = {The giant extra-floral nectaries of carnivorous Heliamphora folliculata: Architecture and ultrastructure},

author = { B.J. Płachno and P. Świątek and A. Wistuba},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-40649114816&partnerID=40&md5=70f3084656cfb6fd89bcf1acb1439e8c},

issn = {00015296},

year  = {2007},

date = {2007-01-01},

journal = {Acta Biologica Cracoviensia Series Botanica},

volume = {49},

number = {2},

pages = {91-104},

abstract = {Extra-floral nectaries commonly occur in carnivorous plants, forming pitfall traps to attract nectar-feeding insects. Although they are not connected with pollination, extra-floral nectaries promote the reproductive functions of carnivorous plants by increasing the supply of animal-sourced nutrients and thereby increasing the plant's vigor. Our main purpose here was to study the functional ultrastructure of the giant nectaries in Heliamphora, focusing on nectar production and secretion. We wanted to determine whether specialization of the shape and structure of Heliamphora nectar spoons has an influence on nectary structure. Heliamphora folliculata, with its unique nectar storage chamber, may also have specialized giant nectaries differing from other species in the genus. In Heliamphora folliculata the largest nectaries occur in a nectar storage chamber. Regardless of their size, the nectaries have similar ultrastructure. Key features of their cells are ER-sheathed leucoplasts and vacuoles with large osmiophilic phenolic inclusions. The former is characteristic for cells producing monoterpenes; indeed, the giant nectaries produce volatile compounds and may have a function similar to osmophores. Nectary cells are isolated from ordinary parenchyma cells by cutinized walls lacking plasmodesmata (endodermis). Symplastic transport is possible only between nectary cells and special parenchyma cells that have wall thickenings. Between them are many plasmodesmata; thus the nectary is a symplastic and apoplastic field. These specialized parenchyma cells are similar to the flange cells described in parasitic plants. Why has a special spoon with a nectar chamber evolved in Heliamphora folliculata? One answer given is that it protects nectar against being washed away by frequent rainfalls so that the plant produces less nectar and saves energy. Also, when nectar is not easily accessible the insects have to spend more time near the trap entrance to look for it, and they are more likely to be trapped. Regardless of the shape and structure of Heliamphora nectar spoons (pitcher appendages), giant nectaries apparently have the same architecture throughout the genus. So far as is known, pollinator-prey conflict does not exist in Heliamphora; nectaries in this genus are formed only for nectar-feeding prey. © Polish Academy of Sciences, 2007.},

note = {10},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-37149015692,

title = {Ultrastructural changes in the midgut epithelium of the first larva of Allacma fusca (Insecta, Collembola, Symphypleona)},

author = { M.M. Rost-Roszkowska and I. Poprawa and P. Świątek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-37149015692&doi=10.1111%2fj.1744-7410.2007.00105.x&partnerID=40&md5=2f8e1358b681cb8ff17e0d3032d20c99},

doi = {10.1111/j.1744-7410.2007.00105.x},

issn = {10778306},

year  = {2007},

date = {2007-01-01},

journal = {Invertebrate Biology},

volume = {126},

number = {4},

pages = {366-372},

abstract = {In the newly hatched larva in Allacma fusca, the midgut epithelium was fully developed and formed by flattened epithelial cells surrounding the yolk mass in the midgut lumen. Immediately after hatching, the first larva began to feed; the migut lumen was filled with the yolk mass and food (mainly algae). Regenerative cells typical of the developing midgut epithelium of many insects were not observed. Initially, midgut cells of the larva were cuboidal but became columnar in shape with distinct regionalization in the distribution of cell organelles. Furthermore, urospherites appeared in the midgut cell cytoplasm, i.e., structures characteristic for the midgut epithelium of insects having no Malpighian tubules. As a result, cells with the capacity for digestion, absorption, and excretion were observed to be completely formed in the first larval stage. © 2007, The American Microscopical Society, Inc.},

note = {8},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-34547746734,

title = {Functional utrastructure of Genlisea (Lentibulariaceae) digestive hairs},

author = { B.J. Płachno and M. Kozieradzka-kiszkurno and P. Świątek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-34547746734&doi=10.1093%2faob%2fmcm109&partnerID=40&md5=52cefe263e29ba9aa7d023e4822fd7c2},

doi = {10.1093/aob/mcm109},

issn = {03057364},

year  = {2007},

date = {2007-01-01},

journal = {Annals of Botany},

volume = {100},

number = {2},

pages = {195-203},

abstract = {• Background and Aims: Digestive structures of carnivorous plants produce external digestive enzymes, and play the main role in absorption. In Lentibulariaceae, the ultrastructure of digestive hairs has been examined in some detail in Pinguicula and Utricularia, but the sessile digestive hairs of Genlisea have received very little attention so far. The aim of this study was to fill this gap by expanding their morphological, anatomical and histochemical characterization. • Methods: Several imaging techniques were used, including light, confocal and electron microscopy, to reveal the structure and function of the secretory hairs of Genlisea traps. This report demonstrates the application of cryo-SEM for fast imaging of whole, physically fixed plant secretory structures. • Key Results and Conclusion: The concentration of digestive hairs along vascular bundles in subgenus Genlisea is a primitive feature, indicating its basal position within the genus. Digestive hairs of Genlisea consist of three compartments with different ultrastructure and function. In subgenus Tayloria the terminal hair cells are transfer cells, but not in species of subgenus Genlisea. A digestive pool of viscous fluid occurs in Genlisea traps. In spite of their similar architecture, the digestive-absorptive hairs of Lentibulariaceae feature differences in morphology and ultrastructure. © The Author 2007. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Annals of Botany Company. All rights reserved.},

note = {30},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-33846446012,

title = {Structure of the vector tissue in piscicolid leeches (Annelida, Hirudinea, Rhynchobdellida, Piscicolidae)},

author = { P. Świątek and A. Bielecki and J. Klag},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33846446012&doi=10.1002%2fjmor.10497&partnerID=40&md5=e04ab1e871a35af10749ad94ccdb07dc},

doi = {10.1002/jmor.10497},

issn = {03622525},

year  = {2007},

date = {2007-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Morphology},

volume = {268},

number = {1},

pages = {64-73},

abstract = {Hypodermic insemination occurs in piscicolid leeches (Hirudinea; Rhynchobdellida; Piscicolidae). The spermatophore is implanted in a specialized region of the leech body, the copulatory area. Just beneath the copulatory area, there is a specialized connective tissue (vector tissue) that is considered to guide the sperm toward the ovaries. In this study, we show that the vector tissue in the four species of the genus Piscicola is composed of a mass of cells located directly beneath the copulatory area, and two thin strands extend toward the ovaries. The ultrastructure of the vector tissue has been described for the first time. Four cell types were identified, constructing the vector tissue. The envelope of this tissue is made up of extracellular fibrous matrix and two types of cells: vesicular and flat envelope cells, which are embedded within the matrix. The rest of the tissue is formed of granular and plasmatic cells. Both of these last cell types have prominent cytoplasmic projections, filled with a filamentous material. However, only granular cells have numerous small electron-dense granules in their cytoplasm. The vector tissue was described prior, during and following copulation. Sperm passes within free spaces between the granular and plasmatic cells. Characteristic vector tissue cells also occur within the ovary wall and inside the ovary lumen. This supports earlier data, which postulated that the vector tissue appears to be an outgrowth of the ovary wall. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.},

note = {11},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-33748429077,

title = {Oogenesis in the leech Glossiphonia heteroclita (Annelida, Hirudinea, Glossiphoniidae). II. Vitellogenesis, follicle cell structure and egg shell formation},

author = { P. Świątek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33748429077&doi=10.1016%2fj.tice.2006.06.005&partnerID=40&md5=42ff6a9dcebaeff12800f0771df4c81e},

doi = {10.1016/j.tice.2006.06.005},

issn = {00408166},

year  = {2006},

date = {2006-01-01},

journal = {Tissue and Cell},

volume = {38},

number = {4},

pages = {263-270},

publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},

abstract = {By the end of previtellogenesis, the oocytes of Glossiphonia heteroclita gradually protrude into the ovary cavity. As a result they lose contact with the ovary cord (which begins to degenerate) and float freely within the hemocoelomic fluid. The oocyte's ooplasm is rich in numerous well-developed Golgi complexes showing high secretory activity, normal and transforming mitochondria, cisternae of rER and vast amounts of ribosomes. The transforming mitochondria become small lipid droplets as vitellogenesis progresses. The oolemma forms microvilli, numerous coated pits and vesicles occur at the base of the microvilli, and the first yolk spheres appear in the peripheral ooplasm. A mixed mechanism of vitellogenesis is suggested. The eggs are covered by a thin vitelline envelope with microvilli projecting through it. The envelope is formed by the oocyte. The vitelline envelope is produced by exocytosis of vesicles containing two kinds of material, one of which is electron-dense and seems not to participate in envelope formation. The cortical ooplasm of fully grown oocytes contains many cytoskeletal elements (F-actin) and numerous membrane-bound vesicles filled with stratified content. Those vesicles probably are cortical granules. The follicle cells surrounding growing oocytes have the following features: (1) they do not lie on a basal lamina; (2) their plasma membrane folds deeply, forming invaginations which eventually seem to form channels throughout their cytoplasm; (3) the plasma membrane facing the ovary lumen is lined with a layer of dense material; and (4) the plasma membrane facing the oocyte forms thin projections which intermingle with the oocyte microvilli. In late oogenesis, the follicle cells detach from the oocytes and degenerate in the ovary lumen. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},

note = {27},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-33745319496,

title = {Microsporidia infect the Liophloeus lentus (Insecta, Colepotera) ovarioles, developing oocytes and eggs},

author = { P. Świątek and T. Górkiewicz},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33745319496&doi=10.3409%2f173491606777919120&partnerID=40&md5=dcfe98c647fd494d65729f07d790cd02},

doi = {10.3409/173491606777919120},

issn = {00155497},

year  = {2006},

date = {2006-01-01},

journal = {Folia Biologica},

volume = {54},

number = {1-2},

pages = {61-67},

publisher = {Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals},

abstract = {In the ovarioles of Liophloeus lentus (Insecta; Coleoptera; Curculionidae) two types of bacteria and parasitic microorganisms belonging to Microsporidia have been found. This study shows that the different microsporidian life stages (meronts; sporonts; sporoblasts and spores) infect the outer ovariole sheath, trophic chambers, follicular cells, late previtellogenic and vitellogenic oocytes and eggs. In trophic chambers the parasites are very abundant and are distributed unevenly, i.e. their large mass occupies the syncytial cytoplasm between the nurse cell nuclei, whereas the neck region of the trophic chamber (which houses young oocytes; prefollicular cells and trophic cords) is almost free of parasites. The developing oocytes and eggs contain a lower number of parasites which are usually distributed in the cortical ooplasm. The gross morphology of the ovaries is similar in infected and non-infected specimens. Similarly, the presence of a parasite seems to not disturb the course of oogensis. The only difference was found in the ultrastructure of mitochondria in young previtellogenic oocytes. In the infected females they are unusual i.e. bigger and spherical with tubullar cristae, whereas in the non-infected insects they are elongated and have lamellar cristae. As oogenesis progresses the unusual mitochondria rapidly change their morphology and become similar to the mitochondria in non-infected females. Taking into account the distribution of parasites within the ovarioles, it is suggested that they infect growing oocytes via outer ovariole sheath and follicular epithelium rather than via trophic cords.},

note = {5},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-30744470890,

title = {Oogenesis in the leech Glossiphonia heteroclita (Annelida, Hirudinea, Glossiphonidae). I. Ovary structure and previtellogenic growth of oocytes},

author = { P. Świątek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-30744470890&doi=10.1002%2fjmor.10379&partnerID=40&md5=cd9e92f55d0f82d3ec53f7191999e074},

doi = {10.1002/jmor.10379},

issn = {03622525},

year  = {2005},

date = {2005-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Morphology},

volume = {266},

number = {3},

pages = {309-318},

abstract = {Glossiphonia heteroclita has paired ovaries whose shape and dimensions change as oogenesis proceeds: during early previtellogenesis they are small and club-shaped, whereas during vitellogenesis they broaden and elongate considerably. During early oogenesis (previtellogenesis), each ovary is composed of an outer envelope (ovisac) that surrounds the ovary cavity and is filled with hemocoelomic fluid, in which a single and very convoluted ovary cord is bathed. The ovary cord consists of germline cells, including nurse cells and young oocytes surrounded by a layer of elongated follicle cells. Additionally, follicle cells with long cytoplasmic projections occur inside the ovary cord, where they separate germ cells from each other. The ovary cord contains thousands of nurse cells. Each nurse cell has one intercellular bridge, connecting it to a central anucleate cytoplasmic mass, the cytophore (rachis); it in turn is connected by one intercellular bridge with each growing oocyte. Numerous mitochondria, RER cisternae, ribosomes, and Golgi complexes are transported from the nurse cells, via the intercellular bridge and cytophore, to the growing oocytes. Oogenesis in G. heteroclita is synchronous with all oocytes in the ovary in the same stage of oogenesis. The youngest observed oocytes are slightly larger than nurse cells, and usually occupy the periphery of the ovary cord. As previtellogenesis proceeds, the oocytes gather a vast amount of cell organelles and become more voluminous. As a result, in late previtellogenesis the oocytes gradually protrude into the ovary cavity. Simultaneously with oocyte growth, the follicle cells differentiate into two subpopulations. The morphology of the follicle cells surrounding the nurse cells and penetrating the ovary cord does not change, whereas those enveloping the growing oocytes become more voluminous. Their plasma membrane invaginates deeply, forming numerous broad vesicles that eventually seem to form channels or conducts through which the hemocoelomic fluid can easily access the growing oocytes. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.},

note = {31},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-16244391155,

title = {Structure of the germinal vesicle during oogenesis in leech Glossiphonia heteroclita (Annelida, Hirudinea, Rhynchobdellida)},

author = { P. Świątek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-16244391155&doi=10.1002%2fjmor.10308&partnerID=40&md5=e441fd6d9ba8039afdc71dd98994bcfc},

doi = {10.1002/jmor.10308},

issn = {03622525},

year  = {2005},

date = {2005-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Morphology},

volume = {263},

number = {3},

pages = {330-339},

abstract = {Oogenesis in the glossiphoniid leech Glossiphonia heteroclita (Hirudinea; Rhynchobdellida) is nutrimental, i.e., the growing oocyte is supported by specialized germline cells, the nurse cells. The main function of the nurse cells is to provide oocytes with cell organelles and RNAs (mainly rRNA). However, in studied leech species, irrespective of the nutrimental mode of oogenesis, the germinal vesicle (GV = oocyte nucleus) seems to be very active in rRNA production. As shown in the present study, during early previtellogenesis in the GV the meiotic chromosomes and prominent primary nucleoli occur. In late previtellogenesis the chromosomes condense and occupy a limited space of nucleoplasm in close vicinity to primary nucleolus, forming a karyosome. At the onset of vitellogenesis several prominent extrachromosomal DNA bodies appear in close association with the karyosome. At the same time, the primary nucleolus is no longer visible in the GV. As vitellogenesis proceeds the extrachromosomal DNA bodies undergo fragmentation and numerous spherical, RNA- and AgNOR-positive inclusions occur in the nucleoplasm. They are regarded as multiple nucleoli. Finally, in late oogenesis numerous accessory nuclei are formed in close proximity to the nuclear envelope. They usually contain one dense body, morphologically similar to multiple nucleoli. The amplification of rDNA genes, the occurrence of extrachromosomal DNA bodies, as well as the presence of multiple nucleoli and accessory nuclei are described for the first time in the phylum Annelida. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.},

note = {25},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-4544234150,

title = {Germ-line versus somatic cells. I. Stereological study of differentiating embryonic tissues of Tetrodontophora bielanensis (Hexapoda, Collembola)},

author = { P. Świątek and M. Vogelgesang and M. Romek and J. Klag},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-4544234150&doi=10.1139%2fZ04-040&partnerID=40&md5=d28a037d8b7be085073722503c881157},

doi = {10.1139/Z04-040},

issn = {00084301},

year  = {2004},

date = {2004-01-01},

journal = {Canadian Journal of Zoology},

volume = {82},

number = {5},

pages = {714-725},

abstract = {We examined five different somatic tissues and compared them with germ-line cells to verify the "disposable soma" theory. Two embryonic stages and second-stage juveniles of Tetrodontophora bielanensis Waga, 1842 (Hexapoda; Collembola) were studied. Our results show that changes in relative volume of mitochondria during differentiation of cells correlate well with transformations of cell morphology. During morphological transformation of differentiating somatic cells, the relative volume of mitochondria in their cytoplasm is high, whereas in the differentiated tissues, this parameter is much lower. Surprisingly, the highest value of relative volume density of mitochondria is found in the cytoplasm of germ-line cells. If we accept that this parameter indicates the cell metabolism rate, then our results should be taken as supporting the "disposable soma" theory. It is also conceivable that the higher volume of mitochondria in the germ-line cells have nothing to do with energy production but, for instance, with the production or function of nuage material (germ-cell determinant) in the germ-line cells. These two possibilities are discussed.},

note = {4},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-3342974730,

title = {snRNPs are present in the karyosome capsule in the weevil germinal vesicle},

author = { P. Świątek and M.K. Jaglarz},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-3342974730&doi=10.1016%2fj.tice.2004.04.001&partnerID=40&md5=6192084fc750f0b103fecd5844caa492},

doi = {10.1016/j.tice.2004.04.001},

issn = {00408166},

year  = {2004},

date = {2004-01-01},

journal = {Tissue and Cell},

volume = {36},

number = {4},

pages = {253-262},

publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},

abstract = {Within the oocyte nucleus of the apple blossom weevil, Anthonomus pomorum (Insecta; Coleoptera) highly condensed and transcriptionaly inactive chromosomes form the karyosome. During its formation, within the nucleoplasm numerous, variably sized spherical inclusions termed nuclear bodies occur. As oogenesis progresses, the karyosome is gradually surrounded by a prominent sheath, the karyosome capsule. The function and molecular composition of both the nuclear bodies and the karyosome capsule are largely unknown. Using cytochemical methods we demonstrate that DNA is confined to the karyosome and there is no extrachromosomal DNA accumulations within the nucleoplasm. In addition, none of the oocyte nucleus subdomains contain argyrophilic proteins. Our immunoEM study revealed that in contrast to similar structures in germinal vesicles in other insect species, the nuclear bodies of A. pomorum do not cross-react with antibodies recognising small nuclear ribonucleoproteins, coilin or the splicing factor SC-35. Unexpectedly, we found that as the karyosome capsule develops, mature small nuclear RNAs and proteins containing the Sm epitope associate with the capsule material. We suggest that the karyosome capsule is a storage site for small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles, which may be used during early embryonic development. © 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},

note = {15},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-0347297587,

title = {Structure and development of ovaries in the weevil, Anthonomus pomorum (Coleoptera, Polyphaga). II. Germ cells of the trophic chamber},

author = { P. Świątek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0347297587&partnerID=40&md5=d45e256aff97fd4b8f06ad353e2c9ae3},

issn = {00155497},

year  = {2002},

date = {2002-01-01},

journal = {Folia Biologica},

volume = {50},

number = {3-4},

pages = {153-163},

abstract = {The analysis of the germ cell cluster formation in Anthonomus pomorum (Coleoptera, Polyphaga, Curculionidae) has revealed that both linear and branched clones of cystocytes occur in the pupa stage. In the branched clones a poorly developed polyfusome is formed and cystocytes with maximally 3 intercellular bridges were found. In the linear clones the polyfusomes are absent. Further divisions of cystocytes produce exclusively linearly arranged cells. Just after metamorphosis (Imago-A stage), the process of the germ cell membrane reduction starts. Only 2 groups of cells retain cell membranes: i.e the most anteriorly localized group of cystocytes and the posteriorly located presumptive oocytes. The former cells divide mitotically during the summer. As a result an anterior-posterior gradient of the syncytialization process arises in the Imago-B stage (females preparing for hibernation). In the sexually mature females (Imago-C) the trophic chamber consists of a huge syncytial area with numerous nurse cell nuclei embedded in a common cytoplasm, and posteriorly located young oocytes surrounded by prefollicular cells. In the light of recent hypothesis concerning the germ cell cluster formation and telotrophy anagenesis in Polyphaga the significance of the presented results is discussed.},

note = {8},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-0035715770,

title = {Structure and development of ovaries in the weevil, Anthonomus pomorum (Coleoptera, Polyphaga). I. Somatic tissues of the trophic chamber},

author = { P. Świątek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0035715770&partnerID=40&md5=9e07466365689f5f3f833f227e05a8af},

issn = {00155497},

year  = {2001},

date = {2001-01-01},

journal = {Folia Biologica},

volume = {49},

number = {3-4},

pages = {215-224},

abstract = {In developing ovarioles of Anthonomus pomorum (Coleoptera, Polyphaga, Curculionidae) the trophic chambers (tropharia) are relatively large and consist of clusters (clones) of germ cells and various somatic tissues. Each ovariole is enclosed within an outer epithelial sheath (tunica externa). Throughout the pupal phase, the growth of this sheath is accelerated and precedes the development of the rest of the ovariole. As a result, the epithelial sheath proliferates anteriorly and forms an elongated "sleeve" that during the later stages of development becomes gradually filled by the growing tropharium. In the early pupal stage, a few terminal filament cells are observed in contact with the anterior end of the tropharium. These cells are separated from the rest of the trophic chamber by a transverse septum, which maintains continuity with the basal lamina. Beneath the basal lamina there is a layer of inner sheath cells, whereas inside the tropharium there are interstitial cells. These two types of cell differ morphologically in a mature ovary but they retain, until the end of the imago-B stage, a similar ultrastructure testifying to their common origin. At the posterior end of the tropharium, from the imago-B stage on, many young oocytes, surrounded by prefollicular cells, are observed. This is the so-called neck region of the tropharium. Extraction with Triton X-100 detergent showed that in a mature trophic chamber there are only individual microtubules arranged along the projections of interstitial cells. This indicates that the cytoskeleton elements (microfilaments and microtubules) participate only to a very limited extent in the spatial organisation of the tropharium in A. pomorum.},

note = {6},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-0034931591,

title = {Do germ-line cells in Allacma fusca (Insecta, Collembola, Symphypleona) have a higher metabolic rate than somatic cells},

author = { P. Świątek and J. Klag and M. Romek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0034931591&partnerID=40&md5=8b639d12233d3e09aa9fb26de5ada006},

issn = {00155497},

year  = {2001},

date = {2001-01-01},

journal = {Folia Biologica},

volume = {49},

number = {1-2},

pages = {85-90},

abstract = {Stereological analysis of the ultrastructure of primordial germ cells (PGCs) and the somatic (ectoderm) cells in two developmental stages of embryos and freshly hatched juveniles of Allacma fusca have shown great differences in mitochondria volume density (vd) between the two types of cells. In younger embryos (migration phase of the PGCs) the vd of mitochondria in the cytoplasm of the PGCs is 74.64% higher than in the ectoderm cells. In older embryos, (PGCs in the gonads) the vd of mitochondria is 123% higher than the corresponding value for the somatic cells cytoplasm. In the juvenile the vd of mitochondria in the ectoderm cells grows twice but is still only 2/3 of the value for the PGCs. On the basis of papers describing a direct relationship between stereological and physiological results the authors conclude that the metabolism of the primordial germ cells during embryonic development of Allacma fusca is much higher than that of the somatic ones. If the above conclusion is correct, the results presented here confirm the "disposable soma theory" (KIRKWOOD & HOLLIDAY 1979).},

note = {4},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-0343819999,

title = {Differentiation of primordial germ cells during embryogenesis of Allacma fusca (L.) (Collembola: Symphypleona)},

author = { J. Klag and P. Świątek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0343819999&doi=10.1016%2fS0020-7322%2899%2900021-5&partnerID=40&md5=2a1493e21d7f10a0548fbf49f0b9c553},

doi = {10.1016/S0020-7322(99)00021-5},

issn = {00207322},

year  = {1999},

date = {1999-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Insect Morphology and Embryology},

volume = {28},

number = {3},

pages = {161-168},

abstract = {The youngest primordial germ cells (PGCs) of Allacma fusca (L.) (Collembola: Sminthuridae) can be identified in embryos at the blastoderm stage as scattered in the yolk mass. They are arranged in pairs connected via intercellular bridges and dispersed among the yolk granules over a relatively small area but they never form multicellular clusters. With progressing development, the mesoderm of the germ band differentiates, the PGCs migrate to the abdominal part of the germ band and enter among mesoderm cells making two clusters of cells in the left and right parts of the abdomen. The mesoderm cells neighbouring the PGC cluster differentiate into a one-layered gonad envelope and produce a thin basal lamina separating the gonad from the rest of the mesoderm. The PGCs are still connected in pairs. At the end of the embryonic development, the gonads have regular spherical shapes and are enclosed within the envelope built up by a layer of flat somatic cells. Now, the PGCs do not occur only in pairs, but chains of cells connected with a sequence of intercellular bridges can also be seen. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd.},

note = {7},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-0033495376,

title = {Erratum: Differentiation of primordial germ cells during embryogenesis of Allacma fusca (L.) (Collembola: Symphypleona) (International Journal of Insect Morphology and Embryology 28:3 (161-168) PII S0020-7322(99)00021-5)},

author = { J. Klag and P. Świątek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0033495376&doi=10.1016%2fs0020-7322%2800%2900002-7&partnerID=40&md5=4ad5b925dcaa7c1c08ba870a8bbac6b7},

doi = {10.1016/s0020-7322(00)00002-7},

issn = {00207322},

year  = {1999},

date = {1999-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Insect Morphology and Embryology},

volume = {28},

number = {4},

pages = {1-},

publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},

abstract = {[No abstract available]},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-0033397138,

title = {Formation of the karyosome in developing oocytes of weevils (Coleoptera, Curculionidae)},

author = { P. Świątek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0033397138&doi=10.1054%2ftice.1999.0073&partnerID=40&md5=baffa73dcdf86046e327193a6b61c4f7},

doi = {10.1054/tice.1999.0073},

issn = {00408166},

year  = {1999},

date = {1999-01-01},

journal = {Tissue and Cell},

volume = {31},

number = {6},

pages = {587-593},

publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},

abstract = {A complex structure termed the karyosome forms in the nuclei of the developing oocytes of Anthonomus pomorum, Hylobius abietis and Phyllobius sp. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). It is composed of highly condensed chromosomes, fused with an electron-dense granular material. There are two types of nuclear body associated with the karyosome. The smaller bodies are found in the immediate vicinity of the karyosome. The larger, and more electron-dense, bodies originate next to the condensing chromosomes. During vitellogenesis, the latter bodies disperse in the karyoplasm, and at least some of them locate in the characteristic irregular projections of the germinal vesicle. Morphologically, these projections resemble the accessory nuclei described in other insects. In the studied species, a proteinaceous sheath, the so-called karyosome capsule, surrounds the karyosome. The formation of the karyosome and its capsule occurs during previtellogenesis, so that these structures are fully formed at the onset of vitellogenesis. An extraction of the oocyte cytoplasm with Triton X-100 showed that the material constituting the karyosome capsule is filamentous. Staining with rhodamine-conjugated phalloidin reveals large amount of F-actin in the karyosome capsule.},

note = {27},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-33749276233,

title = {Oogenesis in the telotrophic ovarioles of the apple blossom weevil Anthonomus pomorum (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)},

author = { P. Świątek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33749276233&partnerID=40&md5=b05b9d2508d896a4a4518281fd5b7c13},

issn = {0001530X},

year  = {1997},

date = {1997-01-01},

journal = {Acta Biologica Cracoviensia Series Zoologia},

volume = {39},

number = {SUPPL. 1},

pages = {71-},

abstract = {The adult female of Anthonomus pomorum has paired ovaries, each consisting of two telotrophic meroistic ovarioles. The single ovariole is composed of a tropharium and a vitellarium. The syncytial tropharium consists of nurse cell nuclei (trophocytes), whose cell membranes have vanished, early oocytes in so-called neck region, and interstitial cells forming a three-dimensional net which stabilizes trophocytes' position. The early oocytes are surrounded by prefollicular cells and are connected to the tropharium by nutritive cords. In the vitellarium, enclosed by a follicular epithelium, the growing oocytes are arranged linearly. Development of the oocytes can be divided in three phases: previtellogenesis, vitellogenesis and choriogenesis. During these phases the volume of oocytes, content and the localization of germinal vesicles are changing. In previtellogenesis a rapid oocyte growth takes place. By nutritive cords ribosomes and some other organelles are transported to the oocytes' cytoplasm. The nuclei of oocytes lie in the central part of the cell and contain a big dense body. During vitellogenesis the nutritive cords break down. In the oocyte cytoplasm, protein yolk spheres and lipid droplets appear. The germinal vesicle is located laterally and has the karyosome and many nucleolar bodies in its karioplasm. During oocyte growth, the surrounding follicle cells undergo changes in their shapes from cylindrical in early previtellogenesis, through cuboidal in late previtellogenesis, to flat in vitellogenesis. From late previtellogenesis, the cytoplasm of follicle cells contains many secretory granules, which are extruded from them during choriogenesis depositing a dense thin layer on the oocyte surface. In general, oogenesis in A. pomorum runs in a similar way as in other Coleoptera Polyphaga.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-0342506451,

title = {The differentiation of gonads in Anthonomus pomorum (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) larvae},

author = { P. Świątek and J. Klag},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0342506451&doi=10.1016%2fS0020-7322%2897%2900008-1&partnerID=40&md5=fc2763b1f334ae2ffc55ffcea3b957b7},

doi = {10.1016/S0020-7322(97)00008-1},

issn = {00207322},

year  = {1997},

date = {1997-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Insect Morphology and Embryology},

volume = {26},

number = {1},

pages = {55-61},

abstract = {The single gonad anlage in the first-instar larva of Anthonomus pomorum (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) has a form of a solid cylinder enclosed by a basal lamina, covered by the peritoneal sheath. The basal lamina lies on the gonad envelope made of a layer of flat somatic cells that surrounds a group of dozen or so germ cells and some inner somatic cells. In the second- instar, the gonad anlage is larger and divided into 2 parts connected with a band of somatic cells. Within this cellular band, the lumen of the future gonadal ducts (lateral oviducts or seminal ducts) appear. As a consequence of numerous mitoses, the gonad grows and splits into 2 parts. Each part will form one ovariole in the female or one testicular follicle in the male. In the third-instar larva, the gonocytes are gathered into several groups that are isolated by thin extensions of the somatic cells. Each part of the freshly divided gonad is connected to a tube of a developing gonadal duct. The tube joins the 2 parts of the gonad and extends towards the end of the abdomen. At the end of the third instar, the mitoses of the gonocytes do not end with complete cytokinesis; as a result, they form clusters of cells connected by the intercellular bridges. The fusomal material that fills up the individual bridges joins into one structure, forming the polyfusome.},

note = {5},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}