@article{2-s2.0-85042229293,

title = {Distribution of coal and coal combustion related organic pollutants in the environment of the Upper Silesian Industrial Region},

author = { Á. Nádudvari and M.J. Fabiańska and L. Marynowski and B. Kozielska and J. Konieczyński and D. Smołka-Danielowska and S.R. Ćmiel},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85042229293&doi=10.1016%2fj.scitotenv.2018.02.092&partnerID=40&md5=3b5271907fc1892434654c77fe63435b},

doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.02.092},

issn = {00489697},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Science of the Total Environment},

volume = {628-629},

pages = {1462-1488},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {In this study, a large sample set (276) was separated into up to 15 groups, including coal, fly ash, total particulate matter, coal wastes, river sediments, and different water types. Grouping the sample set into these categories helped to identify the typical features of combustion or water-washing and compare them using newly developed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon diagnostic ratios. A wide range of organic pollutants were identified in samples, including aromatic and polycyclic hydrocarbons, nitrogen-heterocycles, sulphur-heterocycles + trithiolane, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons substituted with oxygen functional groups. The distribution of compounds was significantly influenced by water washing or combustion. During the self-heating of coal wastes, secondary compounds such as chlorinated aromatics (chlorobenzene; chloroanthracene; etc.) or light sulphur compounds (e.g. benzenethiol and benzo[b]thiophene) were formed (synthesised). Since these compounds are generally absent in sedimentary organic matter, their origin may be connected with high-temperature formation in burning coal dumps. These compounds should be identified as persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the environment. The newly defined diagnostic ratios have worked well in separating samples (petrogenic and pyrogenic) and have pointed out the effect of incomplete combustion on self-heated coal waste, ash from domestic furnaces, or water washing and biodegradation of the studied compounds. © 2017 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {36},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84873988153,

title = {Biomarkers and aromatic hydrocarbons in bituminous coals of Upper Silesian Coal Basin: Example from 405 coal seam of the Zaleskie Beds (Poland)},

author = { M.J. Fabiańska and S.R. Ćmiel and M. Misz-Kennan},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84873988153&doi=10.1016%2fj.coal.2012.08.003&partnerID=40&md5=a644e35d3adc12c9d158e1b100853593},

doi = {10.1016/j.coal.2012.08.003},

issn = {01665162},

year  = {2013},

date = {2013-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Coal Geology},

volume = {107},

pages = {96-111},

abstract = {This paper presents the geochemical characteristics of hard coals from the 405 coal seam found in several mines in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin (Poland). The coals, classifying as of medial coalification, types D and C, and as para- and orthobituminous coals, show variable technical, chemical and petrographic properties. Vitrinite reflectance values range from 0.65 to 1.24%, Cdaf from 79.2 to 88.3wt.%, and Vdaf from 23.7 to 37.4wt.%. Maceral composition in all of the coals studied is dominated by vitrinite macerals (43.5-74.0%). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was applied to assess organic-matter sources and ranks, using several biomarker- and aromatic-hydrocarbon parameters. Distributions of n-alkanes, acyclic isoprenoids, diterpenoids, steranes and triaromatic steroids indicate that the organic matter in the coals analysed is derived mostly from terrestrial vascular plants. The biogenic organic matter was deposited mostly in an estuarine/deltaic environment with a normal- to low water level. In a few cases, a marine/lagoonal- or paludal environment is possible. Tetracyclic diterpanes such as phyllocladanes and kauranes, indicators of the Podocarpaceae and Araucariceae families, are explained by proposing input of organic matter deriving from Voltziales plants which may have been able to synthesise these compounds. Biomarker and aromatic-hydrocarbon parameters of thermal maturity in the coals show a clear correlation to vitrinite reflectance values and carbon content, indicating degrees of thermal maturity in the range from early- to advanced catagenesis. Frictional heat related to the Klodnica fault movement caused aberrations in values of aromatic-hydrocarbon maturity parameters in coals sampled <0.5m from the fault plane. In this last context, unchanged reflectance values testify to the more sensitive response of the geochemical parameters when compared to that of commonly applied petrographic parameters. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {38},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84863813725,

title = {The Upper Silesian Coal Basin fault zone as a region of high-risk operations},

author = { S.R. Ćmiel},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84863813725&partnerID=40&md5=1012915e5a03840f4108dc5bf24b129a},

issn = {12149705},

year  = {2012},

date = {2012-01-01},

journal = {Acta Geodynamica et Geomaterialia},

volume = {9},

number = {2},

pages = {133-136},

abstract = {This paper presents the results of investigations on changes of the parameters of coal and surrounding rocks in the fault zones in the Upper Silesia Coal Basin. It has been shown that these zones, in relation to the undisturbed coal seams, reveal an enrichment with some substances that pose a threat to the natural environment and that they also show a deterioration in the strength parameter values of rocks which threaten the safety of the operation. The greatest threat for the environment constituted sulphur and the ash. In the zone of the fault, it was observed that sulphur behaved in two ways. In the first case, the total sulphur and pyritic sulphur increased significantly by 192.3 and 823.5 %, respectively, and a small quantity of sulphate sulphur was found here, whereas in the other case, the total sulphur and pyritic sulphur decreased by 31.6 and 35.3 %, respectively, and sulphate sulphur increased considerably and reached up to 600 %. The mean content of ash increased by 171.8 %. The mechanical strenght of the rocks under uniaxial compressive strength in the fault zones decreased by 67 %, the microhardness of coal decreased to zero, and the intensity of cracks in coal grains increased by 359.1 %.},

note = {2},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84856753721,

title = {Relations between coal transformation and geometric features of faults in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin},

author = { S.R. Ćmiel},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84856753721&doi=10.2478%2fs11600-012-0004-1&partnerID=40&md5=3be1605f5bce91f5bb499f65d0e48e0f},

doi = {10.2478/s11600-012-0004-1},

issn = {18956572},

year  = {2012},

date = {2012-01-01},

journal = {Acta Geophysica},

volume = {60},

number = {2},

pages = {438-448},

abstract = {The paper presents the results of studies of fault zones carried out in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin. Three types of changes of the coal were distinguished: degradative changes connected with a deterioration in the quality of the coal; aggradational changes connected with an increase in the quality of coal; and the type of coal which shows no significant change in the values of its parameters. Hypergenic changes of the coal were mainly observed in the fissures of faults with the dominant strike in NW-SE and NE-SW directions. The faults of such parameters in the USCB are characterized as fragile. They were formed in the period of the inversion of the USCB, in a tensional stress regime. Aggrading changes of coal were observed in the faults planes with the dominant strike in NNW-SSE and W-E directions. The faults of such a run in the USCB are susceptible in nature and developed during the compressive regime. In the fault zones where no changes were in the coal quality, the orientation of faulting surfaces did not show the privileged run direction. © 2012 Versita Warsaw and Springer-Verlag Wien.},

note = {2},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84856736705,

title = {Frictional Metamorphism of Coal in the Upper Silesia Coal Basin, Southern Poland},

author = { S.R. Ćmiel and M. Dziurowicz},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84856736705&doi=10.1007%2f978-3-642-19097-1_13&partnerID=40&md5=1f021a9c5be3b9e658180b1930f6e2c7},

doi = {10.1007/978-3-642-19097-1_13},

issn = {21905193},

year  = {2011},

date = {2011-01-01},

journal = {GeoPlanet: Earth and Planetary Sciences},

volume = {3},

pages = {127-133},

abstract = {Measurements of parameters of coal in the fault zones of the Upper Silesia Coal Basin (USCB) revealed that ca. 12% of the examined samples showed aggrading changes of coal quality; ca. 30% of them showed degrading ones and 58% did not show any of these changes. The aggrading changes were observed only in the immediate vicinity of the slickenside at a maximum distance of 0.2 m. The noticeable changes were connected with the majority of the parameters tested. The mean values of the coefficient of variation for all of the tested parameters ranged from 1 to 100%; the average value was 16.6%, and changeability compared to the unchanged zone varied from 0 to 51.5%. These changes are connected with flexible faults whose run is close to N-S and W-E directions. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2011.},

note = {3},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-70449523104,

title = {Geochemical distribution of trace elements in Kaffioyra and Longyearbyen coals, Spitsbergen, Norway},

author = { L. Lewińska-Preis and M.J. Fabiańska and S.R. Ćmiel and A. Kita},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-70449523104&doi=10.1016%2fj.coal.2009.09.007&partnerID=40&md5=857d1645be97614648352d4872c38bed},

doi = {10.1016/j.coal.2009.09.007},

issn = {01665162},

year  = {2009},

date = {2009-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Coal Geology},

volume = {80},

number = {3-4},

pages = {211-223},

abstract = {Paleogene bituminous coals of low rank (Raver = 0.63 and 0.69%; respectively) occurring in two Spitsbergen (Norway) regions: Longyearbyen and Kaffioyra, were analyzed to find occurrence and distribution of the following trace elements: Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, V, Zn. Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES) was used for ash derived from combusted coals, their extracts, and macromolecular fractions. Trace element concentrations were investigated to find occurrence variability and a degree of trace element affinity to organic and inorganic coal fraction in the coals from both regions. Maceral and elemental composition of these coals was also determined. Kaffioyra and Longyearbyen coals show significant differences in the composition of their organic and mineral matter, reflected both in petrographic properties and elemental compositions. The Kaffioyra coals are characterized by higher contents of vitrinite group macerals, lower contents of inetrinite group macerals, and lower concentrations of carbon, hydrogen, and sulphur. The Kaffioyra coals show higher content of clay minerals and carbonates than the Longyearbyen coals. Trace element contents in ash of coals from both Spitsbergen regions are below the average contents of these elements in the world's bituminous coals. Coals of both regions differ in trace element concentration and their occurrence variability. The main carrier of trace elements in coals of both regions is ash of biogenetic and sorptive origin while in the range of high concentrations of trace elements terrigenic input also plays an important role. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},

note = {53},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-34249021472,

title = {Organic components in thermally altered coal waste: Preliminary petrographic and geochemical investigations},

author = { M. Misz-Kennan and M.J. Fabiańska and S.R. Ćmiel},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-34249021472&doi=10.1016%2fj.coal.2006.08.009&partnerID=40&md5=853a5faa69a918960d5b05240174f950},

doi = {10.1016/j.coal.2006.08.009},

issn = {01665162},

year  = {2007},

date = {2007-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Coal Geology},

volume = {71},

number = {4},

pages = {405-424},

abstract = {The petrographic and geochemical composition of coal wastes exposed to fire in the minestone dump of Piekary Ślą1skie town (Upper Silesia; Poland) was investigated using samples collected at various distances from a recent fire site. The question as to whether geochemical biomarker maturity parameters could be applied to assess thermal changes in organic matter caused by waste dump fires, was examined using the data obtained. Geochemical parameters were correlated with observed petrographic changes in the organic matter caused by oxidation and heating. Petrographic analyses included the determination of maceral group contents (vitrinite; liptinite and inertinite), mineral matter and coke contents, and reflectance measurements on organic matter. All results were supported by proximate and ultimate analyses. Geochemical analysis included ultrasonic solvent extraction of bitumen followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of the extracts. In petrographic terms, the influence of heating was seen in reflectance variations and as oxidation rims, cracks, pores and coke development. Some zoned oxidation rims may be interpreted as re-heating episodes. In terms of chemical fingerprints, less thermally-stable compounds such as lighter n-alkanes, cyclic isoprenoids, methyl- and dimethylnaphthalenes, methyphenanthrenes and five-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were destroyed or evaporated in the most fire-affected material. The presence/absence of particular compound groups was used to assess heating temperatures. Biomarker parameters of thermal maturity were used to assess alterations in organic matter around the waste dump fires, especially those indices and ratios with higher maturity ranges, e.g. (3-methylbiphenyl + 4-methylbiphenyl)/dibenzofurane and Σdimethylbiphenyls/Σmethyldibenzofuranes. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},

note = {45},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-1142305189,

title = {Geochemical and petrographic properties of some Spitsbergen coals and dispersed organic matter},

author = { S.R. Ćmiel and M.J. Fabiańska},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-1142305189&doi=10.1016%2fj.coal.2003.09.002&partnerID=40&md5=a38d2016da408d38b53fb212ee0c7117},

doi = {10.1016/j.coal.2003.09.002},

issn = {01665162},

year  = {2004},

date = {2004-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Coal Geology},

volume = {57},

number = {2},

pages = {77-97},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {This paper presents the characteristics of selected parameters of organic matter of the Tertiary coal samples and organic matter of Carboniferous rock samples from the Spitsbergen. The coal samples were taken from Central Coal Basin (the Longyearbyen region) and from the Forlandsundet Basin (Oscar II Land; the Kaffioyra region). Samples of dispersed organic matter were collected from Suffolk Pynten and Sergeijevfjellet area in Sorkapp Land. The optical properties of coal samples are different from properties of dispersed organic matter. Macerals of vitrinite group dominate in all of the samples. The average content of vitrinite group macerals is much lower in dipersed organic matter samples than it is in coals. The average content of liptinite group macerals is a little lower, and inertinite group macerals is much higher. The average content of mineral matter is higher in organic matter samples than in coal samples. The average value of vitrinite reflectance and standard deviation of organic matter is higher in comparison with coals. The coal samples are generally classified as orthobituminous, medium rank type C. There are samples from very low- to middle-grade coal. The values of vitrinite reflectance and standard deviation of coals investigated are similar and are lower than they are in dispersed organic matter. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was applied to assess organic matter source and rank with use of several biomarker parameters. Primary organic matter of the Tertiary coals contained predominantly material from conifers, among them, Cupressaceae and/or Taxodiaceae and Podocarpaceae families were identified by their characteristic biomarkers. Dispersed organic matter of rocks does not show features indicating input of vascular plants into its primary material, and its origin is assumed to be algal/bacterial. Samples with Calamites fossils contained organic matter with only low terrestrial input. Results of rank assessment by thermal maturity parameters based on biomarkers agree with vitrinite reflectance data: the Kaffioyra and the Longyearbyen coals are in the range of high volatile bituminous coals. The dispersed organic matter samples seems to be more mature than that of both coals and can be assessed as late catagenetic. The organic matter of the Sergeijevfjellet Formation was formed in basins with higher fluctuation of water level; lower amount of water caused oxidation of organic matter in a basin. The mire plants contained less of resins and essential oils than Hornsundneset Formation mire plants. The deposits of organic matter in a Tertiary basin were formed with faster subsidence and higher water level. The plants of Oligocene age (Kaffioyra region) contain more resins and essential oils than plants of Paleocene age (Longyearbyen region), while coalification degree is similar. However, technological parameters of Paleocene coals are better. The organic matter of Kaffioyra region was formed in basins with higher fluctuation of water level than from the Longyearbyen region. © 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},

note = {20},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-0037003684,

title = {Characteristics of paleostress field in the Kłodnicki fault zone (Upper Silesian Coal Basin) based on optical anisotropy of coal [Charakterystyka pola naprezeń tektonicznych w rejonie uskoku kłodnickiego w GZW na podstawie anizotropii optycznej wegla]},

author = { S.R. Ćmiel and A.F. Idziak},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0037003684&partnerID=40&md5=df3672dfc2fe3c4f044a64f5cfca0df7},

issn = {0138015X},

year  = {2002},

date = {2002-01-01},

journal = {Publications of the Institute of Geophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Series M: Miscellanea},

volume = {24},

number = {340},

pages = {205-214},

abstract = {The aim of the present study was an application of coal optical property measurements for analysis of structural development of the Kłodnicki fault zone - one of the main tectonic discontinuities in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin (the USCB). Optical properties of vitrinite depend on physical conditions during coalification; therefore, it is possible to determine the process of coal basin development basing on reflectance anisotropy measurements. Measurements of vitrinite reflectance were carried out on six coal samples. Four of them had been taken near a hanging stope of the Kłodnicki fault in coal fields belonging to the Wujek mine and Staszic mine. Two other samples had been taken on opposite stopes of the Krzyzowicki fault in mining area of the Pniówek mine. Vitrinite reflectance measurements were done using a petrological microscope with linearly polarized light source. Maximum and minimum apparent reflectance values (R' max and R' min) were measured. Vitrinite anisotropy was described by Reflectance Indicating Surface (the RIS) which was a geometrical representation of the optical anisotropy tensor. The presented study shows the usefulness of coal reflectance measurements in the analysis of paleostress field existing during the forming of coal basin when coalification process continued.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-0036996226,

title = {Selected parameters of coal quality in fault zones of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin (Poland)},

author = { S.R. Ćmiel},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0036996226&partnerID=40&md5=ae0731eb2469ef9da7590058209f8404},

issn = {15079791},

year  = {2002},

date = {2002-01-01},

journal = {Polish Geological Institute Special Papers},

volume = {7},

pages = {51-62},

abstract = {The paper presents the changes of coal seams quality near fault zones. Three types of relations have been found. The first one shows an increase of coal quality at the 0.2 m distance from fault surface, as a result of increase of coalification degree. It is assumed that, this type was caused by heat of friction which was rising during faulting. It is revealed as an increase of such parameters as: Caking properties, vitrinite reflectance, calorific value and carbon content, as well as the decrease of oxygen, ash, and moisture content. The second type presents differed degree of coal quality decrease. This type was produced due to hypergenic processes. The author found four subtypes of oxidation-type changes of coal quality parameters in fault zones. The first one shows the highest level of hypergenic processes in a coal seam about 1 m off a fault plane. The second presents minor degree of oxidation processes in the coal seam at a smaller distance from the fault. The third one demonstrates minimum oxidation changes of coal quality at a distance of 0.2 m from the fault. The fourth subtype of the oxidation changes of coal quality has been observed only in tectonic breccia and not in the coal seams itself. The third types demonstrates faults which do not show any impact on changes of coal quality parameters. To this type belong faults from SW part of USCB and faults with downthrown up to 20 m.},

note = {1},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-1142306849,

title = {Coals of the Kaffioyra and Longyearbyen regions of Spitsbergen (Svalbard)},

author = { S.R. Ćmiel},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-1142306849&partnerID=40&md5=19fc2c9a60eb796ce2df6127d076664c},

issn = {13576941},

year  = {1999},

date = {1999-01-01},

journal = {Coal International Mining and Quarry World},

volume = {247},

number = {3},

pages = {104-107},

abstract = {This paper presents the qualitative characteristics of Tertiary Spitsbergen coal from the Central Coal Basin (the Longyearbyen region) and from the Western part of Oscar II Land (The Kaffloyra coastal plain). It is shown that the coals from the Kaffioyra region can be classified as being of medium rank D, parabituminons, with a high vitrinite content and a medium degree of purity. The coals from Longyearbyen are classified as medium rank C, orthobituminous, with a high vitrinite content and a high degree of purity.},

note = {3},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-0021553783,

title = {The geological conditions of the occurrence of Carboniferous coal in the northwestern part of Sorkap Land in West Spitsbergen.},

author = { I. Lipiarski and S.R. Ćmiel},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0021553783&partnerID=40&md5=a3bd53d97e6290f10fdfd1d163651a1b},

issn = {01380338},

year  = {1984},

date = {1984-01-01},

journal = {Polish Polar Research},

volume = {5},

number = {3-4},

pages = {255-266},

abstract = {The aim of geological investigations was to identify the presence of Carboniferous coal in the area south of Hornsund. The field investigations were carried out by the scientific expedition organized by the Institute of Geophysics of the Polish Academy of Sciences. The investigations covered the northwestern part of Sorkappland, south of Hornsund and W of the Wurmbrandegga and Wiederfjellet. -from Authors},

note = {6},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}