@article{2-s2.0-85152690727,

title = {Microwave Irradiation vs. Structural, Physicochemical, and Biological Features of Porous Environmentally Active Silver–Silica Nanocomposites},

author = { A. Strach and M. Dulski and D. Wasilkowski and O. Metryka and A. Nowak and K. Matus and K. Dudek and P. Rawicka and J. Kubacki and N. Waloszczyk and A. Mrozik and S. Golba},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85152690727&doi=10.3390%2fijms24076632&partnerID=40&md5=fdca2399678d249de12b1118dc262558},

doi = {10.3390/ijms24076632},

issn = {16616596},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Molecular Sciences},

volume = {24},

number = {7},

publisher = {Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)},

abstract = {Heavy metals and other organic pollutants burden the environment, and their removal or neutralization is still inadequate. The great potential for development in this area includes porous, spherical silica nanostructures with a well-developed active surface and open porosity. In this context, we modified the surface of silica spheres using a microwave field (variable power and exposure time) to increase the metal uptake potential and build stable bioactive Ag2O/Ag2CO3 heterojunctions. The results showed that the power of the microwave field (P = 150 or 700 W) had a more negligible effect on carrier modification than time (t = 60 or 150 s). The surface-activated and silver-loaded silica carrier features like morphology, structure, and chemical composition correlate with microbial and antioxidant enzyme activity. We demonstrated that the increased sphericity of silver nanoparticles enormously increased toxicity against E. coli, B. cereus, and S. epidermidis. Furthermore, such structures negatively affected the antioxidant defense system of E. coli, B. cereus, and S. epidermidis through the induction of oxidative stress, leading to cell death. The most robust effects were found for nanocomposites in which the carrier was treated for an extended period in a microwave field. © 2023 by the authors.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85146000557,

title = {Undesirable consequences of the metallic nanoparticles action on the properties and functioning of Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus epidermidis membranes},

author = { O. Metryka and D. Wasilkowski and M. Adamczyk-Habrajska and A. Mrozik},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85146000557&doi=10.1016%2fj.jhazmat.2023.130728&partnerID=40&md5=e02c3c50b4d7adf57c01abf7dbe9399c},

doi = {10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.130728},

issn = {03043894},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Hazardous Materials},

volume = {446},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {Controversial and inconsistent findings on the toxicity of metallic nanoparticles (NPs) against many bacteria are common in recorded studies; therefore, further advanced experimental work is needed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying nanotoxicity. This study deciphered the direct effects of Ag-NPs, Cu-NPs, ZnO-NPs and TiO2-NPs on membrane permeability, cytoplasmic leakage, ATP level, ATPase activity and fatty acid profiling of Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus epidermidis as model microorganisms. A multifaceted analysis of all collected results indicated the different influences of individual NPs on the measured parameters depending on their type and concentration. Predominantly, membrane permeability was correlated with increased cytoplasmic leakage, reduced total ATP levels and ATPase activity. The established fatty acid profiles were unique and concerned various changes in the percentages of hydroxyl, cyclopropane, branched and unsaturated fatty acids. Decisively, E. coli was more susceptible to changes in measured parameters than B. cereus and S. epidermidis. Also, it was established that ZnO-NPs and Cu-NPs had a major differentiating impact on studied parameters. Additionally, bacterial cell imaging using scanning electron microscopy elucidated different NPs distributions on the cell surface. The presented results are believed to provide novel, valuable and accumulated knowledge in the understanding of NPs action on bacterial membranes. © 2023},

note = {2},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85138722785,

title = {Implications of Bacterial Adaptation to Phenol Degradation under Suboptimal Culture Conditions Involving Stenotrophomonas maltophilia KB2 and Pseudomonas moorei KB4},

author = { A. Nowak and D. Wasilkowski and A. Mrozik},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85138722785&doi=10.3390%2fw14182845&partnerID=40&md5=daa789b3d033592a759ae582024d5b73},

doi = {10.3390/w14182845},

issn = {20734441},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Water (Switzerland)},

volume = {14},

number = {18},

publisher = {MDPI},

abstract = {Despite the well-described abundance of phenol-degrading bacteria, knowledge concerning their degradation abilities under suboptimal conditions is still very limited and needs to be expanded. Therefore, this work aimed to study the growth and degradation potential of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia KB2 and Pseudomonas moorei KB4 strains toward phenol under suboptimal temperatures, pH, and salinity in connection with the activity of catechol dioxygenases, fatty acid profiling, and membrane permeability. The methodology used included: batch culture of bacteria in minimal medium supplemented with phenol (300 mg/L), isolating and measuring the activity of catechol 1,2- and 2,3-dioxygenases, calculating kinetic parameters, chromatographic analysis of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) and determining the membrane permeability. It was established that the time of phenol utilisation by both strains under high temperatures (39 and 40 °C) proceeded 10 h; however, at the lowest temperature (10 °C), it was extended to 72 h. P. moorei KB4 was more sensitive to pH (6.5 and 8.5) than S. maltophilia KB2 and degraded phenol 5–6 h longer. Salinity also influenced the time of phenol removal. S. maltophilia KB2 degraded phenol in the presence of 2.5% NaCl within 28 h, while P. moorei KB4 during 72 h. The ability of bacteria to degrade phenol in suboptimal conditions was coupled with a relatively high activity of catechol 1,2- and/or 2,3-dioxygenases. FAME profiling and membrane permeability measurements indicated crucial alterations in bacterial membrane properties during phenol degradation leading predominantly to an increase in fatty acid saturation and membrane permeability. The obtained results offer hope for the potential use of both strains in environmental microbiology and biotechnology applications. © 2022 by the authors.},

note = {3},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85129027346,

title = {Evaluation of the Effects of Ag, Cu, ZnO and TiO2 Nanoparticles on the Expression Level of Oxidative Stress‐Related Genes and the Activity of Antioxidant Enzymes in Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus epidermidis},

author = { O. Metryka and D. Wasilkowski and A. Mrozik},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85129027346&doi=10.3390%2fijms23094966&partnerID=40&md5=0f4add4a778b9089540ad9d29ce2c549},

doi = {10.3390/ijms23094966},

issn = {16616596},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Molecular Sciences},

volume = {23},

number = {9},

publisher = {MDPI},

abstract = {Although the molecular response of bacteria exposed to metal nanoparticles (NPs) is intensively studied, many phenomena related to their survival, metal uptake, gene expression and protein production are not fully understood. Therefore, this work aimed to study Ag‐NPs, Cu‐NPs, ZnO‐NPs and TiO2‐NPs‐induced alterations in the expression level of selected oxidative stress-related genes in connection with the activity of antioxidant enzymes: catalase (CAT), peroxidase (PER) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. The methodology used included: the extraction of total RNA and cDNA synthesis, the preparation of primers for selected housekeeping and oxidative stress genes, RT‐qPCR reaction and the measurements of CAT, PER and SOD activities. It was established that the treatment of E. coli and S. epidermidis with NPs resulted mainly in the down‐regulation of targeted genes, whilst the up‐regulation of genes was confirmed in B. cereus. The greatest differences in the relative expression levels of tested genes occurred in B. cereus and S. epidermidis treated with TiO2‐NPs, while in E. coli, they were observed under ZnO‐NPs exposure. The changes found were mostly related to the expression of genes encoding proteins with PER and CAT‐like activity. Among NPs, ZnO‐NPs and Cu‐NPs increased the activity of antioxidants in E. coli and B. cereus. In turn, TiO2‐NPs had a major effect on enzymes activity in S. epidermidis. Considering all of the collected results for tested bacteria, it can be emphasised that the impact of NPs on the antioxidant system functioning was dependent on their type and concentration. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.},

note = {5},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85118113199,

title = {Insight into the antibacterial activity of selected metal nanoparticles and alterations within the antioxidant defence system in escherichia coli, bacillus cereus and staphylococcus epidermidis},

author = { O. Metryka and D. Wasilkowski and A. Mrozik},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85118113199&doi=10.3390%2fijms222111811&partnerID=40&md5=6743e81457591bfff91e7e8f874a25c4},

doi = {10.3390/ijms222111811},

issn = {16616596},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Molecular Sciences},

volume = {22},

number = {21},

publisher = {MDPI},

abstract = {The antimicrobial activity of nanoparticles (NPs) is a desirable feature of various products but can become problematic when NPs are released into different ecosystems, potentially endan-gering living microorganisms. Although there is an abundance of advanced studies on the toxicity and biological activity of NPs on microorganisms, the information regarding their detailed interactions with microbial cells and the induction of oxidative stress remains incomplete. Therefore, this work aimed to develop accurate oxidation stress profiles of Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus epidermidis strains treated with commercial Ag-NPs, Cu-NPs, ZnO-NPs and TiO2-NPs. The methodology used included the following determinations: toxicological parameters, reactive oxygen species (ROS), antioxidant enzymes and dehydrogenases, reduced glutathione, oxidatively modified proteins and lipid peroxidation. The toxicological studies revealed that E. coli was most sensitive to NPs than B. cereus and S. epidermidis. Moreover, NPs induced the generation of specific ROS in bacterial cells, causing an increase in their concentration, which further resulted in alterations in the activity of the antioxidant defence system and protein oxidation. Significant changes in dehydrogenases activity and elevated lipid peroxidation indicated a negative effect of NPs on bacterial outer layers and respiratory activity. In general, NPs were characterised by very specific nano-bio effects, depending on their physicochemical properties and the species of microorganism. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.},

note = {4},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85108074393,

title = {Adaptation of phenol-degrading Pseudomonas putida KB3 to suboptimal growth condition: A focus on degradative rate, membrane properties and expression of xylE and cfaB genes},

author = { A. Nowak and J. Żur-Pińska and A. Piński and G. Pacek and A. Mrozik},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85108074393&doi=10.1016%2fj.ecoenv.2021.112431&partnerID=40&md5=3d172fd5f8869aa2b2590496396fd4b3},

doi = {10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112431},

issn = {01476513},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety},

volume = {221},

publisher = {Academic Press},

abstract = {Detailed characterization of new Pseudomonas strains that degrade toxic pollutants is required and utterly necessary before their potential use in environmental microbiology and biotechnology applications. Therefore, phenol degradation by Pseudomonas putida KB3 under suboptimal temperatures, pH, and salinity was examined in this study. Parallelly, adaptive mechanisms of bacteria to stressful growth conditions concerning changes in cell membrane properties during phenol exposure as well as the expression level of genes encoding catechol 2,3-dioxygenase (xylE) and cyclopropane fatty acid synthase (cfaB) were determined. It was found that high salinity and the low temperature had the most significant effect on the growth of bacteria and the rate of phenol utilization. Degradation of phenol (300 mg L−1) proceeded 12-fold and seven-fold longer at 10 °C and 5% NaCl compared to the optimal conditions. The ability of bacteria to degrade phenol was coupled with a relatively high activity of catechol 2,3-dioxygenase. The only factor that inhibited enzyme activity by approximately 80% compared to the control sample was salinity. Fatty acid methyl ester (FAMEs) profiling, membrane permeability measurements, and hydrophobicity tests indicated severe alterations in bacteria membrane properties during phenol degradation in suboptimal growth conditions. The highest values of pH, salinity, and temperature led to a decrease in membrane permeability. FAME analysis showed fatty acid saturation indices and cyclopropane fatty acid participation at high temperature and salinity. Genetic data showed that suboptimal growth conditions primarily resulted in down-regulation of xylE and cfaB gene expression. © 2021 The Authors},

note = {4},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85096968667,

title = {Impact of an engineered copper-titanium dioxide nanocomposite and parent substrates on the bacteria viability, antioxidant enzymes and fatty acid profiling},

author = { O. Metryka and D. Wasilkowski and A. Nowak and M. Adamczyk-Habrajska and A. Mrozik},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85096968667&doi=10.3390%2fijms21239089&partnerID=40&md5=36171fe46e3445942970f5d07bc27ce5},

doi = {10.3390/ijms21239089},

issn = {16616596},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Molecular Sciences},

volume = {21},

number = {23},

pages = {1-18},

publisher = {MDPI AG},

abstract = {Due to the systematic increase in the production of nanomaterials (NMs) and their applications in many areas of life, issues associated with their toxicity are inevitable. In particular, the performance of heterogeneous NMs, such as nanocomposites (NCs), is unpredictable as they may inherit the properties of their individual components. Therefore, the purpose of this work was to assess the biological activity of newly synthesized Cu/TiO2-NC and the parent nanoparticle substrates Cu-NPs and TiO2-NPs on the bacterial viability, antioxidant potential and fatty acid composition of the reference Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis strains. Based on the toxicological parameters, it was found that B. subtilis was more sensitive to NMs than E. coli. Furthermore, Cu/TiO2-NC and Cu-NPs had an opposite effect on both strains, while TiO2-NPs had a comparable mode of action. Simultaneously, the tested strains exhibited varied responses of the antioxidant enzymes after exposure to the NMs, with Cu-NPs having the strongest impact on their activity. The most considerable alternations in the fatty acid profiles were found after the bacteria were exposed to Cu/TiO2-NC and Cu-NPs. Microscopic images indicated distinct interactions of the NMs with the bacterial outer layers, especially in regard to B. subtilis. Cu/TiO2-NC generally proved to have less distinctive antimicrobial properties on B. subtilis than E. coli compared to its parent components. Presumably, the biocidal effects of the tested NMs can be attributed to the induction of oxidative stress, the release of metal ions and specific electrochemical interactions with the bacterial cells. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.},

note = {1},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85085262275,

title = {Transformation and ecotoxicological effects of iodinated X-ray contrast media},

author = { A. Nowak and G. Pacek and A. Mrozik},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85085262275&doi=10.1007%2fs11157-020-09534-0&partnerID=40&md5=862877c51bbc69c02b1ddf61385c4840},

doi = {10.1007/s11157-020-09534-0},

issn = {15691705},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Reviews in Environmental Science and Biotechnology},

volume = {19},

number = {2},

pages = {337-354},

publisher = {Springer},

abstract = {Iodinated X-ray contrast media (ICM) such as diatrizoate, iohexol, iomeprol, iopamidol, and iopromide are commonly used in medical imaging for radiological visualization of a variety of anatomic structures. Because of their highly persistent nature and poor removal by conventional wastewater treatment, ICM can often remain unchanged after entering the environment or they are transformed into many different by-products in complex physical, chemical, and biological processes. Large amounts of ICM and their by-products are found in natural waters, groundwater, drinking water (up to 100 µg/L), and even in soil, where they can be a potential threat to the inhabitants of these environments. Because knowledge about the fate of ICM in various environments is dispersed and it concerns specific areas, the main purpose of this review is to summarize the available information about their occurrence, chemical and biological transformation/degradation, and toxicity to living organisms. The topics discussed particularly focus on mechanisms of ICM degradation/transformation in water using advanced oxidation processes and the biotransformation/biodegradation of ICM by microorganisms under different conditions, as well as the toxicity of ICM and their transformation by-products to humans and other organisms. Although environmental risk is not expected from the parent compounds of ICM, their continuous input to the water and the formation of toxic by-products may constitute a long-term potential risk for living organisms. Therefore, monitoring the transport and fate of ICM in various environments seems necessary. © 2020, The Author(s).},

note = {13},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85084456097,

title = {Effects of low concentration of selected analgesics and successive bioaugmentation of the activated sludge on its activity and metabolic diversity},

author = { J. Żur and J. Michalska and A. Piński and A. Mrozik and A. Nowak},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85084456097&doi=10.3390%2fW12041133&partnerID=40&md5=90f5b4c6b8ccf903e458fdb6e230e0c4},

doi = {10.3390/W12041133},

issn = {20734441},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Water (Switzerland)},

volume = {12},

number = {4},

publisher = {MDPI AG},

abstract = {In this study, we evaluated the impact of the successive bioaugmentation of the activated sludge (AS) with the defined bacterial consortium on the activity and functional capacity of the AS microorganisms. In parallel, the removal of low concentrations of the selected non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (ibuprofen; naproxen; diclofenac) and analgesic paracetamol was studied. We found that the addition of the bacterial consortium consisting of three pharmaceuticals-degrading strains Bacillus thuringiensis B1 (2015b), Stenotrophomonas maltophilia KB2, and Pseudomonas moorei KB4 into the AS did not cause any significant changes in the biomass abundance and metabolic activity of the AS microorganisms. Although, the successive bioaugmentation of the AS caused a slight increase in the metabolic diversity, the intensity of carbohydrates usage, and metabolic richness. Microorganisms in the bioaugmented and non-bioaugmented AS were able to degrade the mixture of the analyzed drugs with similar efficiency, however, diclofenac was removed more effectively in the bioaugmented AS. Several metabolites were identified and efficiently utilized, with the exception of 4-OH diclofenac. Two new diclofenac-degrading strains assigned as Serratia proteamaculans AS4 and Rahnella bruchi AS7 were isolated from the diclofenac-treated AS. © 2020 by the authors.},

note = {6},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85082558569,

title = {Analysis of the bioaugmentation potential of Pseudomonas putida OR45a and Pseudomonas putida KB3 in the sequencing batch reactors fed with the phenolic landfill leachate},

author = { J. Michalska and A. Piński and J. Żur and A. Mrozik},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85082558569&doi=10.3390%2fw12030906&partnerID=40&md5=67a6b3c06ffeeb8d282ff6659fcac256},

doi = {10.3390/w12030906},

issn = {20734441},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Water (Switzerland)},

volume = {12},

number = {3},

publisher = {MDPI AG},

abstract = {The treatment of landfill leachate could be challenging for the biological wastewater treatment systems due to its high toxicity and the presence of poorly biodegradable contaminants. In this study, the bioaugmentation technology was successfully applied in sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) fed with the phenolic landfill leachate by inoculation of the activated sludge (AS) with two phenol-degrading Pseudomonas putida OR45a and Pseudomonas putida KB3 strains. According to the results, the SBRs bioaugmented with Pseudomonas strains withstood the increasing concentrations of the leachate. This resulted in the higher removal efficiency of the chemical oxygen demand (COD) of 79-86%, ammonia nitrogen of 87-88% and phenolic compounds of 85-96% as compared to 45%, 64%, and 50% for the noninoculated SBR. Simultaneously, the bioaugmentation of the AS allowed to maintain the high enzymatic activity of dehydrogenases, nonspecific esterases, and catalase in this ecosystem, which contributed to the higher functional capacity of indigenous microorganisms than in the noninoculated AS. Herein, the stress level experienced by the microorganisms in the SBRs fed with the leachate computed based on the cellular ATP measurements showed that the abundance of exogenous Pseudomonas strains in the bioreactors contributed to the reduction in effluent toxicity, which was reflected by a decrease in the stress biomass index to 32-45% as compared to the nonbioaugmented AS (76%). © 2020 by the authors.},

note = {9},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85079488590,

title = {Selecting bacteria candidates for the bioaugmentation of activated sludge to improve the aerobic treatment of landfill leachate},

author = { J. Michalska and A. Piński and J. Żur and A. Mrozik},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85079488590&doi=10.3390%2fw12010140&partnerID=40&md5=55858d2eb6135c7439f0d8ad67055693},

doi = {10.3390/w12010140},

issn = {20734441},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Water (Switzerland)},

volume = {12},

number = {1},

publisher = {MDPI AG},

abstract = {In this study, a multifaceted approach for selecting the suitable candidates for bioaugmentation of activated sludge (AS) that supports leachate treatment was used. To determine the exploitation of 10 bacterial strains isolated from the various matrices for inoculating the AS contaminated with the Kalina pond leachate (KPL), their degradative potential was analyzed along with their aptitude to synthesize compounds improving remediation of pollutants in wastewater and ability to incorporate into the AS flocs. Based on their capability to degrade aromatic compounds (primarily catechol; phenol; and cresols) at a concentration of 1 mg/mL and survive in 12.5% of the KPL, Pseudomonas putida OR45a and P. putida KB3 can be considered to be the best candidates for bioaugmentation of the AS among all of the bacteria tested. Genomic analyses of these two strains revealed the presence of the genes encoding enzymes related to the metabolism of aromatic compounds. Additionally, both microorganisms exhibited a high hydrophobic propensity (above 50%) and an ability to produce biosurfactants as well as high resistance to ammonium (above 600 g/mL) and heavy metals (especially chromium). These properties enable the exploitation of both bacterial strains in the bioremediation of the AS contaminated with the KPL. © 2020 by the authors.},

note = {19},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85070880282,

title = {Ecological restoration of heavy metal-contaminated soil using Na-bentonite and green compost coupled with the cultivation of the grass Festuca arundinacea},

author = { D. Wasilkowski and A. Nowak and J. Michalska and A. Mrozik},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85070880282&doi=10.1016%2fj.ecoleng.2019.08.004&partnerID=40&md5=1f8a31274756683d8b80903a831e8773},

doi = {10.1016/j.ecoleng.2019.08.004},

issn = {09258574},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Ecological Engineering},

volume = {138},

pages = {420-433},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {Chemophytostabilization is a valuable alternative to many traditional methods of reducing the concentration of heavy metals in soil affected by industrial activity. In this study two soil additives – Na-bentonite and green compost were used separately and as a mixture combined with Festuca arundinacea to reclaim soil highly contaminated with Cd, Zn and Pb. It was found that a decrease in heavy metal concentrations (57–87% for Cd; 48–91% for Zn and 30–82% for Pb) in the amended soils was connected with the application of soil additives rather than with plant vegetation. Both of the soil additives contributed to achieving a higher biomass of F. arundinacea (1.5- to 9.5-fold) than in the non-amended soil. The accumulation of Cd, Zn and Pb in the plant organs was generally higher in the roots than in the shoots. Both soil additives positively influenced the soil enzymes activity and microbial functional capacity. Moreover, they altered the structure of microbial communities in the chemophytostabilized soils. The calculated soil quality indices confirmed that the combined amendments with grass vegetation were most effective in the soil reclamation than other treatments. The obtained results clearly indicate that the chemophytostabilization creates new opportunities for using bentonite and green compost as well as tall fescue grass to limit the transfer of toxic metals from polluted soils to the trophic levels of ecosystems. © 2019},

note = {9},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85070258617,

title = {Impact of the biological cotreatment of the Kalina pond leachate on laboratory sequencing batch reactor operation and activated sludge quality},

author = { J. Michalska and I. Greń and J. Żur and D. Wasilkowski and A. Mrozik},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85070258617&doi=10.3390%2fw11081539&partnerID=40&md5=54915800dfbf65bd693faf9ec666a830},

doi = {10.3390/w11081539},

issn = {20734441},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Water (Switzerland)},

volume = {11},

number = {8},

publisher = {MDPI AG},

abstract = {Hauling landfill leachate to offsite urban wastewater treatment plants is a way to achieve pollutant removal. However, the implementation of biological methods for the treatment of landfill leachate can be extremely challenging. This study aims to investigate the effect of blending wastewater with 3.5% and 5.5% of the industrial leachate from the Kalina pond (KPL) on the performance of sequencing batch reactor (SBR) and capacity of activated sludge microorganisms. The results showed that the removal efficiency of the chemical oxygen demand declined in the contaminated SBR from 100% to 69% and, subsequently, to 41% after the cotreatment with 3.5% and 5.5% of the pollutant. In parallel, the activities of the dehydrogenases and nonspecific esterases declined by 58% and 39%, and 79% and 81% after 32 days of the exposure of the SBR to 3.5% and 5.5% of the leachate, respectively. Furthermore, the presence of the KPL in the sewage affected the sludge microorganisms through a reduction in their functional capacity as well as a decrease in the percentages of the marker fatty acids for different microbial groups. A multifactorial analysis of the parameters relevant for the wastewater treatment process confirmed unambiguously the negative impact of the leachate on the operation, activity, and structure of the activated sludge. © 2019 by the authors.},

note = {10},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85063987541,

title = {Antibiotics in the soil environment—degradation and their impact on microbial activity and diversity},

author = { M. Cycoń and A. Mrozik and Z. Piotrowska-Seget},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85063987541&doi=10.3389%2ffmicb.2019.00338&partnerID=40&md5=6c2e129b8c40a681605e54101c9850a5},

doi = {10.3389/fmicb.2019.00338},

issn = {1664302X},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Frontiers in Microbiology},

volume = {10},

number = {MAR},

publisher = {Frontiers Media S.A.},

abstract = {Antibiotics play a key role in the management of infectious diseases in humans, animals, livestock, and aquacultures all over the world. The release of increasing amount of antibiotics into waters and soils creates a potential threat to all microorganisms in these environments. This review addresses issues related to the fate and degradation of antibiotics in soils and the impact of antibiotics on the structural, genetic and functional diversity of microbial communities. Due to the emergence of bacterial resistance to antibiotics, which is considered a worldwide public health problem, the abundance and diversity of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in soils are also discussed. When antibiotic residues enter the soil, the main processes determining their persistence are sorption to organic particles and degradation/transformation. The wide range of DT50 values for antibiotic residues in soils shows that the processes governing persistence depend on a number of different factors, e.g., physicochemical properties of the residue, characteristics of the soil, and climatic factors (temperature; rainfall; and humidity). The results presented in this review show that antibiotics affect soil microorganisms by changing their enzyme activity and ability to metabolize different carbon sources, as well as by altering the overall microbial biomass and the relative abundance of different groups (i.e.; Gram-negative bacteria; Gram-positive bacteria; and fungi) in microbial communities. Studies using methods based on analyses of nucleic acids prove that antibiotics alter the biodiversity of microbial communities and the presence of many types of ARGs in soil are affected by agricultural and human activities. It is worth emphasizing that studies on ARGs in soil have resulted in the discovery of new genes and enzymes responsible for bacterial resistance to antibiotics. However, many ambiguous results indicate that precise estimation of the impact of antibiotics on the activity and diversity of soil microbial communities is a great challenge. Copyright © 2019 Cycoń, Mrozik and Piotrowska-Seget. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.},

note = {308},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85044113528,

title = {Degradation of 4-chlorophenol and microbial diversity in soil inoculated with single Pseudomonas sp. CF600 and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia KB2},

author = { A. Nowak and A. Mrozik},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85044113528&doi=10.1016%2fj.jenvman.2018.03.052&partnerID=40&md5=0cde375a30bef144ff850ed8014c7ed3},

doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.03.052},

issn = {03014797},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Environmental Management},

volume = {215},

pages = {216-229},

publisher = {Academic Press},

abstract = {Soil contamination with chlorophenols is a serious problem all over the world due to their common use in different branches of industry and agriculture. The objective of this study was to determine whether bioaugmenting soil with single Pseudomonas sp. CF600 and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia KB2 and additional carbon sources such as phenol (P) and sodium benzoate (SB) could enhance the degradation of 4-chlorophenol (4-CP). During the degradation experiment, the number of bacteria as well as the structural and functional diversity of the soil microbial communities were determined. It was found that the most effective degradation of 4-CP in the soil was observed after it was inoculated with CF600 and the addition of SB. The biodegradation of five doses of 4-CP in this soil proceeded within 100 days. At the same time, the rate of the disappearance of 4-CP in the soil that had been bioaugmented with CF600 and contaminated with 4-CP and P was 5–6.5 times lower compared to its rate of disappearance in the soil that had been contaminated with 4-CP. The biodegradation of 4-CP in all of the treated and untreated soils was accompanied by a systematic decrease in the number of heterotrophic bacteria (THB) ranging between 13 and 40%. It was also proven that the tested aromatic compounds affected the soil microbial community structure through an increase in the marker fatty acids for Gram-negative bacteria (BG-) and fungi (F). The essential changes in the patterns of the fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) for the polluted soil included an increase in the fatty acid saturation and hydroxy fatty acid abundance. The obtained results also indicated that the introduction of CF600 into the soil contaminated with 4-CP and SB or P caused an increase in the functional diversity of the soil microorganisms. In contrast, in the soil that had been inoculated with KB2 and in the non-inoculated soil, the addition of 4-CP and P decreased the microbial activity. In conclusion, the inoculation of both strains into contaminated soil with aromatic compounds caused irreversible changes in the functional and structural diversity of the soil microbial communities. © 2018 Elsevier Ltd},

note = {24},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85056537976,

title = {Objectives, strategies and evaluation of the effectiveness of activated sludge bioaugmentation with defined microorganisms in the removal of toxic chemicals [Cele, Strategie i ocena efektywności bioaugmentacji Osadu czynnego zdefiniowanymi mikroorganizmami w usuwaniu toksycznych związków chemicznych]},

author = { J. Michalska and I. Greń and A. Mrozik},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85056537976&partnerID=40&md5=ea08ac5de29dd9fd6406aac6cd505a0a},

issn = {00794252},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Postepy Mikrobiologii},

volume = {57},

number = {2},

pages = {125-137},

publisher = {Polish Society of Microbiologists},

abstract = {Among the currently used biological wastewater treatment systems, the conventional floccular-sludge method has been the most common. Its relatively novel alternative is aerobic granular activated sludge, which offers numerous operational and economic advantages. Although the activated sludge for modern wastewater treatment is often exposed to high concentrations of diverse chemicals, particularly inhibitory and recalcitrant ones, its autochthonous microorganisms may not be familiar with these compounds and can not use them as carbon and energy sources. For this reason, bioaugmentation, defined as a method for improvement of the degradative capacity of contaminated environment by adding selected strains or consortia of microorganisms, seems to be an attractive solution to overcome the problems associated with the exposure of sewage plants to high concentrations of xenobiotics. The most important step in the achievement of successful bioaugmentation is the selection of proper microorganisms with desirable abilities. They should be characterized by high degradative potential towards specific pollutant(s), ability to form biofilm, aggregation and production of extracellular polymeric substances, bioflocculating activity, motility, biosurfactants and autoinductors synthesis. Moreover, they should survive after inoculation into the activated sludge and possess the ability to incorporate into the flocs or form granules. In bioaugmentation of the activated sludge, several approaches can be distinguished - bioaugmentation with: single strains of bacteria or fungi, consortia of bacteria, consortia of fungi or mixed consortia, genetically modified microorganisms and commercial formulations. As many studies have indicated, bioaugmentation is an effective technology for eliminating from sewage toxic compounds, such as phenols and its derivatives, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, dyes, pharmaceuticals and many others. © 2018 Polish Society of Microbiologists. All rights reserved.},

note = {1},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85009089857,

title = {Effects of pulp and Na-bentonite amendments on the mobility of trace elements, soil enzymes activity and microbial parameters under ex situ aided phytostabilization},

author = { D. Wasilkowski and A. Nowak and G.A. Płaza and A. Mrozik},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85009089857&doi=10.1371%2fjournal.pone.0169688&partnerID=40&md5=efbbab3650069d908a3bb697b4ceda32},

doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0169688},

issn = {19326203},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {PLoS ONE},

volume = {12},

number = {1},

publisher = {Public Library of Science},

abstract = {The objective of this study was to explore the potential use of pulp (by-product) from coffee processing and Na-bentonite (commercial product) for minimizing the environmental risk of Zn, Pb and Cd in soil collected from a former mine and zinc-lead smelter. The effects of soil amendments on the physicochemical properties of soil, the structural and functional diversity of the soil microbiome as well as soil enzymes were investigated. Moreover, biomass of Festuca arundinacea Schreb. (cultivar Asterix) and the uptake of trace elements in plant tissues were studied. The outdoor pot set contained the following soils: control soil (initial), untreated soil (without additives) with grass cultivation and soils treated (with additives) with and without plant development. All of the selected parameters were measured at the beginning of the experiment (t0), after 2 months of chemical stabilization (t2) and at the end of the aided phytostabilization process (t14). The obtained results indicated that both amendments efficiently immobilized the bioavailable fractions of Zn (87-91%) and Cd (70-83%) at t14; however, they were characterized by a lower ability to bind Pb (33-50%). Pulp and Na-bentonite drastically increased the activity of dehydrogenase (70- and 12-fold; respectively) at t14, while the activities of urease, acid and alkaline phosphatases differed significantly depending on the type of material that was added into the soil. Generally, the activities of these enzymes increased; however, the increase was greater for pulp (3.5-6-fold) than for the Na-bentonite treatment (1.3-2.2-fold) as compared to the control. Soil additives significantly influenced the composition and dynamics of the soil microbial biomass over the experiment. At the end, the contribution of microbial groups could be ordered as follows: gram negative bacteria, fungi, gram positive bacteria, actinomycetes regardless of the type of soil enrichment. Conversely, the shift in the functional diversity of the microorganisms in the treated soils mainly resulted from plant cultivation. Meanwhile, the highest biomass of plants at t14 was collected from the soil with Na-bentonite (6.7 g dw-1), while it was much lower in a case of pulp treatment (1.43-1.57 g dw-1). Moreover, the measurements of the heavy metal concentrations in the plant roots and shoots clearly indicated that the plants mainly accumulated metals in the roots but that the accumulation of individual metals depended on the soil additives. The efficiency of the accumulation of Pb, Cd and Zn by the roots was determined to be 124, 100 and 26% higher in the soil that was enriched with Nabentonite in comparison with the soil that was amended with pulp, respectively. The values of the soil indices (soil fertility; soil quality and soil alteration) confirmed the better improvement of soil functioning after its enrichment with the pulp than in the presence of Na-bentonite. © 2017 Wasilkowski et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.},

note = {8},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85007578640,

title = {Bioaugmentation as a strategy for the remediation of pesticide-polluted soil: A review},

author = { M. Cycoń and A. Mrozik and Z. Piotrowska-Seget},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85007578640&doi=10.1016%2fj.chemosphere.2016.12.129&partnerID=40&md5=2937e4a9fbe5e1878ebf5f683b298531},

doi = {10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.12.129},

issn = {00456535},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Chemosphere},

volume = {172},

pages = {52-71},

publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},

abstract = {Bioaugmentation, a green technology, is defined as the improvement of the degradative capacity of contaminated areas by introducing specific microorganisms, has emerged as the most advantageous method for cleaning-up soil contaminated with pesticides. The present review discusses the selection of pesticide-utilising microorganisms from various sources, their potential for the degradation of pesticides from different chemical classes in liquid media as well as soil-related case studies in a laboratory, a greenhouse and field conditions. The paper is focused on the microbial degradation of the most common pesticides that have been used for many years such as organochlorinated and organophosphorus pesticides, triazines, pyrethroids, carbamate, chloroacetamide, benzimidazole and derivatives of phenoxyacetic acid. Special attention is paid to bacterial strains from the genera Alcaligenes, Arthrobacter, Bacillus, Brucella, Burkholderia, Catellibacterium, Pichia, Pseudomonas, Rhodococcus, Serratia, Sphingomonas, Stenotrophomonas, Streptomyces and Verticillum, which have potential applications in the bioremediation of pesticide-contaminated soils using bioaugmentation technology. Since many factors strongly influence the success of bioaugmentation, selected abiotic and biotic factors such as pH, temperature, type of soil, pesticide concentration, content of water and organic matter, additional carbon and nitrogen sources, inoculum size, interactions between the introduced strains and autochthonous microorganisms as well as the survival of inoculants were presented. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd},

note = {225},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84991728168,

title = {Changes in fatty acid composition of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia KB2 during co-metabolic degradation of monochlorophenols},

author = { A. Nowak and I. Greń and A. Mrozik},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84991728168&doi=10.1007%2fs11274-016-2160-y&partnerID=40&md5=423eff60428251d50b8451cb15fb20c0},

doi = {10.1007/s11274-016-2160-y},

issn = {09593993},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology},

volume = {32},

number = {12},

publisher = {Springer Netherlands},

abstract = {The changes in the cellular fatty acid composition of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia KB2 during co-metabolic degradation of monochlorophenols in the presence of phenol as well as its adaptive mechanisms to these compounds were studied. It was found that bacteria were capable of degrading 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) completely in the presence of phenol, while 2-chlorophenol (2-CP) and 3-chlorophenol (3-CP) they degraded partially. The analysis of the fatty acid profiles indicated that adaptive mechanisms of bacteria depended on earlier exposure to phenol, which isomer they degraded, and on incubation time. In bacteria unexposed to phenol the permeability and structure of their membranes could be modified through the increase of hydroxylated and cyclopropane fatty acids, and straight-chain and hydroxylated fatty acids under 2-CP, 3-CP and 4-CP exposure, respectively. In the exposed cells, regardless of the isomer they degraded, the most important changes were connected with the increase of the contribution of branched fatty acid on day 4 and the content of hydroxylated fatty acids on day 7. The changes, particularly in the proportion of branched fatty acids, could be a good indicator for assessing the progress of the degradation of monochlorophenols by S. maltophilia KB2. In comparison, in phenol-degrading cells the increase of cyclopropane and straight-chain fatty acid content was established. These findings indicated the degradative potential of the tested strain towards the co-metabolic degradation of persistent chlorophenols, and extended the current knowledge about the adaptive mechanisms of these bacteria to such chemicals. © 2016, The Author(s).},

note = {12},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84966710974,

title = {Physicochemical and antibacterial characterization of ionocity Ag/Cu powder nanoparticles},

author = { A. Nowak and J. Szade and E. Talik and M. Zubko and D. Wasilkowski and M. Dulski and K. Balin and A. Mrozik and J. Peszke},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84966710974&doi=10.1016%2fj.matchar.2016.04.013&partnerID=40&md5=d90b94a6c2c0df2f772f2a0d0e5d58ff},

doi = {10.1016/j.matchar.2016.04.013},

issn = {10445803},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Materials Characterization},

volume = {117},

pages = {9-16},

publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},

abstract = {Metal ion in bimetallic nanoparticles has shown vast potential in a variety of applications. In this paper we show the results of physical and chemical investigations of powder Ag/Cu nanoparticles obtained by chemical synthesis. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) experiment indicated the presence of bimetallic nanoparticles in the agglomerated form. The average size of silver and copper nanoparticles is 17.1(4) nm (Ag) and 28.9(2) nm (Cu) basing on the X-ray diffraction (XRD) data. X-ray photoelectron (XPS) and Raman spectroscopies revealed the existence of metallic silver and copper as well as Cu2O and CuO being a part of the nanoparticles. Moreover, UV-Vis spectroscopy showed surface alloy of Ag and Cu while Time of Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy (ToF-SIMS) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX) showed heterogeneously distributed Ag structures placed on spherical Cu nanoparticles. The tests of antibacterial activity show promising killing/inhibiting growth behaviour for Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.},

note = {30},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84958191678,

title = {Facilitation of Co-Metabolic Transformation and Degradation of Monochlorophenols by Pseudomonas sp. CF600 and Changes in Its Fatty Acid Composition},

author = { A. Nowak and A. Mrozik},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84958191678&doi=10.1007%2fs11270-016-2775-5&partnerID=40&md5=81a5f5e1872845cbabde76e07375186a},

doi = {10.1007/s11270-016-2775-5},

issn = {00496979},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Water, Air, and Soil Pollution},

volume = {227},

number = {3},

publisher = {Springer International Publishing},

abstract = {In this study, co-metabolic degradation of monochlorophenols (2-CP; 3-CP; and 4-CP) by the Pseudomonas sp. CF600 strain in the presence of phenol, sodium benzoate, and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid as an additional carbon source as well as the survival of bacteria were investigated. Moreover, the changes in cellular fatty acid profiles of bacteria depending on co-metabolic conditions were analyzed. It was found that bacteria were capable of degrading 4-CP completely in the presence of phenol, and in the presence of all substrates, they degraded 2-CP and 3-CP partially. The highest 2-CP and 3-CP removal was observed in the presence of sodium benzoate. Bacteria exhibited three various dioxygenases depending on the type of growth substrate. It was also demonstrated that bacteria exposed to aromatic growth substrates earlier degraded monochlorophenols more effectively than unexposed cells. The analysis of fatty acid profiles of bacteria indicated the essential changes in their composition, involving alterations in fatty acid saturation, hydroxylation, and cyclopropane ring formation. The most significant change in bacteria exposed to sodium benzoate and degrading monochlophenols was the appearance of branched fatty acids. The knowledge from this study indicates that Pseudomonas sp. CF600 could be a suitable candidate for the bioaugmentation of environments contaminated with phenolic compounds. © 2016 The Author(s).},

note = {16},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85011655596,

title = {Recultivation of heavy metal-contaminated soils using aided phytostabilization [Rekultywacja Gleb Skazonych Metalami Ciezkimi Metoda Fitostabilizacji Wspomaganej]},

author = { D. Wasilkowski and A. Mrozik},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85011655596&partnerID=40&md5=502462c3e6606dd6cb854ace0811ac80},

issn = {00794252},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Postepy Mikrobiologii},

volume = {55},

number = {4},

pages = {413-423},

publisher = {Polish Society of Microbiologists},

abstract = {The main anthropogenic sources of heavy metals in the environment are mining and smelting, refining and chemical industry, industrial and municipal wastes, transport as well as fertilizers and pesticides used in agriculture. Among all heavy metals, Cd, Cu, Pb, Hg, Ni and Zn are of major environmental and human health concern. The high toxicity of heavy metals causes the need to remove them from the contaminated soil using minimally invasive remediation solutions, called gentle remediation options (GRO). One of the attractive methods to reduce the labile fractions and toxicity of heavy metals in soil seems to be aided phytostabilization. It is a combination of phytostabilization using plants tolerant to trace metals and stabilizing soil against erosion with the initial chemical immobilization achieved by adding various organic and inorganic additives. The potential toxicity of trace elements depends on their specific form present in the environment, their reactivity, mobility, concentration and their availability to living organisms. The bioavailability of heavy metals in soil is constantly changing and depends on different physicochemical, biological and environmental parameters. Due to the fact that microorganisms respond quickly to the presence of stressors in the environment, the changes in metabolic activity, size and structure can be used as good indicators of the effectiveness of applied remediation technology for cleaning up contaminated sites and ecosystem quality.},

note = {2},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84963854366,

title = {Microbial degradation of chlorophenols in soil [Mikrobiologiczny rozkład chlorofenoli w glebie]},

author = { A. Nowak and I. Greń and A. Mrozik},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84963854366&partnerID=40&md5=f645ddbe6db7494bfc427571d4fe931e},

issn = {00794252},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Postepy Mikrobiologii},

volume = {55},

number = {1},

pages = {79-90},

publisher = {Polish Society of Microbiologists},

abstract = {Chlorophenols are widely used in different branches of industry and agriculture as components of pesticides, disinfectants and wood treatment agents. They are hardly degradable and, therefore, can accumulate in the environment. One of the environment friendly methods of their removal from contaminated soil is microbial degradation. The efficiency of this process is determined by many abiotic and biotic factors. The first include the chemical structure of contaminants, their content and bioavailability as well as temperature, pH, soil texture, water content and oxygen concentration. In turn, biotic factors include the structure of microbial communities, stability and enzymatic activity of cells, their biomass, ability to chemotaxis and interactions between microorganisms. Several strategies have been developed to enhance the removal of chlorophenols from contaminated soil. The most effective in detoxifying these compounds are bioaugmentation, biostimulation and the use of "activated soil". In this review, the influence of different factors on microbial degradation of chlorophenols in soil are described and the applicability of selected methods in their removal are discussed.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84939475989,

title = {Application of biolog microarrays techniques for characterization of functional diversity of microbial community in phenolic-contaminated water},

author = { J. Chojniak and D. Wasilkowski and G.A. Płaza and A. Mrozik and R. Brigmon},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84939475989&partnerID=40&md5=b483f41ce3987de7fc92ea0ea702a1d5},

issn = {17356865},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Environmental Research},

volume = {9},

number = {3},

pages = {785-794},

publisher = {University of Tehran},

abstract = {The impact of phenolic-contaminated water on microbial community structure was assessed using Biolog microarrays techniques. The following Biolog plates were used: GEN III plates, new test panel for identification of both Gram-negative andGram-positive bacteria, EcoPlatesmicroarray for evaluation of functional diversity of microbial communities and phenotypemicroarrays (PMs) for characterization of the selected bacterial strains. Most of the isolated strains were identified as: Paenibacillus castaneae, Chryseobacterium indoltheticum, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Acinetobacter johnsonie, Mycobacterium flavescens, Ralstonia pickettii, Acinetobacter schindleri, Microbacterium maritypicum. The mean value of substrate richness (S) was high (30.67). Also, microbial activity in contaminated water evaluated by AWCD and AUC was high. The mean values of AWCD and AUC were 1.5 and 740.10, respectively. Instead, the mean values of Shannon- Weiner functional diversity index (H) and Shannon Evenness index were low, 1.46 and 0.978, respectively. The carbohydrates (Carb) and carboxylic and acetic acids (C & AA) were the most utilized carbon sources by the microbial communities of phenol-contaminated water. The proprieties of Pseudomonas fluorescens and Paenibacillus castaneae to oxidize 190 different substrates as sole carbon sources (PM1 and PM2), and the sensitivity to various toxic chemical compounds at 4 different concentrations (PM11; PM12 and PM13) were evaluated. Phenotypic microarrays used identified the differences between species. Both studied bacterial strains showed high ability to metabolize aminoacids as well as carbohydrates. Among carboxylic acids Pseudomonas fluorescens was able to use more of substrates as a sole of carbon in comparison with Paenibacterium castaneae. © 2015, University of Tehran. All rights reserved.},

note = {12},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84910056367,

title = {Changes in enzyme activities and microbial community structure in heavy metal-contaminated soil under in situ aided phytostabilization},

author = { D. Wasilkowski and A. Mrozik and Z. Piotrowska-Seget and J. Krzyżak and M. Pogrzeba and G.A. Płaza},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84910056367&doi=10.1002%2fclen.201300631&partnerID=40&md5=977a3d2d10c88755edc3d959ed2669b5},

doi = {10.1002/clen.201300631},

issn = {18630650},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-01-01},

journal = {Clean - Soil, Air, Water},

volume = {42},

number = {11},

pages = {1618-1625},

publisher = {Wiley-VCH Verlag},

abstract = {The effect of lignite and lime on the structural biodiversity and enzyme activities of soil microorganisms in heavy metal-contaminated soil during an aided phytostabilization was studied. Over the experiment the amount of bioavailable fractions of Zn and Cd declined threefold and in the end reached the values of 87.8 and 4.2mgkg-1 for Zn and Cd, respectively. The activities of enzymes increased markedly in soil under aided phytostabilization. On the last sampling day the activities of dehydrogenase, alkaline and acid phosphatase, as well urease, were 15-, 8-, 4-, and 19-fold higher as compared to the initial values. The analyses of fatty acid methyl ester and phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) patterns showed a shift in the structure of microbial populations in the treated soil as compared to untreated soil. In general, the microbial biomass of total, Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria (GNBB), as well actinomycetes and fungi (FB), was higher in the soil under aided phytostabilization in comparison with control soil. The highest biomass increase from 2.3 to 2.9 and from 0.4 to 0.8nmolPLFAg-1 soil (dry weight), was found for GNBB and FB, respectively. Phytostabilization supported by lignite and lime appeared to be an effective method to decrease Zn and Cd content in heavy metal-contaminated soil. © 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.},

note = {23},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84902385351,

title = {Microbial diversity in waters, sediments and microbial mats evaluated using fatty acid-based methods},

author = { A. Mrozik and A. Nowak and Z. Piotrowska-Seget},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84902385351&doi=10.1007%2fs13762-013-0449-z&partnerID=40&md5=b6b64e15d99cba8ebb6301231b950f3d},

doi = {10.1007/s13762-013-0449-z},

issn = {17351472},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology},

volume = {11},

number = {5},

pages = {1487-1496},

publisher = {Center for Environmental and Energy Research and Studies},

abstract = {The review summarises recent advances towards a greater comprehensive assessment of microbial diversity in aquatic environments using the fatty acid methyl esters and phospholipid fatty acids approaches. These methods are commonly used in microbial ecology because they do not require the culturing of micro-organisms, are quantitative and reproducible and provide valuable information regarding the structure of entire microbial communities. Because some fatty acids are associated with taxonomic and functional groups of micro-organisms, they allow particular groups of micro-organisms to be distinguished. The integration of fatty acid-based methods with stable isotopes, RNA and DNA analyses enhances our knowledge of the role of micro-organisms in global nutrient cycles, functional activity and phylogenetic lineages within microbial communities. Additionally, the analysis of fatty acid profiles enables the shifts in the microbial diversity in pristine and contaminated environments to be monitored. The main objective of this review is to present the use of lipid-based approaches for the characterisation of microbial communities in water columns, sediments and biomats. © 2013 The Author(s).},

note = {18},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84874318958,

title = {The applicability of genetically modified microorganisms in bioremediation of contaminated environments},

author = { D. Wasilkowski and Z. Swedzioł and A. Mrozik},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84874318958&partnerID=40&md5=c1fe54708fd45497bee6975bc72a562f},

issn = {00092886},

year  = {2012},

date = {2012-01-01},

journal = {Chemik},

volume = {66},

number = {8},

pages = {822-826},

abstract = {Genetic engineering is a modern technology, which allows to design microorganisms capable of degrading specific contaminants. The construction of GMMs for bioremediation purposes is possible because many degradative pathways, enzyme and their respective genes are known and biochemical reactions are well understood. For selection and identification of GMMs in the environment many molecular techniques were developed. They include FISH, in situ PCR, DGGE, TGGE, T-RFLP, ARDRA and arker genes (lux; gfp; lacZ; xylE). In order to reduce potential risk of the use of GMMs in the environment some genetic barriers were created. They limit survival of the recombinants and gene transfer into autochthonous microorganisms. In this review the construction and practical applications of GMMs in bioremediation studies are discussed.},

note = {26},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84871681554,

title = {Microbial parameters as bioindicators of soil quality during aided phytostabilization of metal contaminated soil},

author = { J. Krzyżak and G.A. Płaza and R. Margesin and D. Wasilkowski and A. Mrozik},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84871681554&doi=10.30638%2feemj.2012.221&partnerID=40&md5=628c5247cecd8bf94e0de4a2bb17c818},

doi = {10.30638/eemj.2012.221},

issn = {15829596},

year  = {2012},

date = {2012-01-01},

journal = {Environmental Engineering and Management Journal},

volume = {11},

number = {10},

pages = {1775-1782},

publisher = {Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi, Romania},

abstract = {Microbial properties such as enzyme activities, respiration and nitrification were measured to evaluate changes in soil quality during short-term remediation (28 weeks) with aided phytostabilization of soil heavily contaminated with metals. The soil contained 1291 ± 66 mg Pb kg-1soil, 85 ± 2.53 mg Cd kg-1 soil and 4506 ± 365 mg Zn kg-1soil and was amended with a combination of 10 % (w/w) lignite and 2.5 % (w/w) lime and with fertilizers and vegetated with grass Festuca arundinacea. Phytostabilization significantly increased enzymes activities, respiration and substrate-induced respiration (SIR). Activities of β- glucosidase, acid and alkaline phosphomonoesterase and dehydrogenase were significantly higher in treated soil than in the control (untreated) soil. Also, soil respiration and SIR were significantly higher in the treated soil compared to the control. Potential nitrification increased after 9 weeks of the experiment in the control soils and was detectable in the treated soil only after 28 weeks of the incubation. The mean value of the Enzymatic Soil Index (ESI) during 28 weeks was 62.2 in the treated soil and was about 3-fold higher than in the control soil. An ESI increase of 92 % was noted during the experiment. Also, the mean value of the Biochemical Soil Fertility Index (MW) was over 6 times higher in the treated soil compared to the control. On the basis of the obtained results, aided phytostabilization improved soil biological properties.},

note = {5},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-81255171446,

title = {Enhancement of phenol degradation by soil bioaugmentation with Pseudomonas sp. JS150},

author = { A. Mrozik and S. Miga and Z. Piotrowska-Seget},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-81255171446&doi=10.1111%2fj.1365-2672.2011.05140.x&partnerID=40&md5=62dbe74c7fbd217ae871ee2502a2fc9f},

doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2672.2011.05140.x},

issn = {13645072},

year  = {2011},

date = {2011-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Applied Microbiology},

volume = {111},

number = {6},

pages = {1357-1370},

abstract = {Aims: To test whether bioaugmentation with genetically modified Pseudomonas sp. JS150 strain could be used to enhance phenol degradation in contaminated soils. Methods and Results: The efficiency of phenol removal, content of humic carbon, survival of inoculant, number of total culturable autochthonous bacteria and changes in fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) profiling obtained directly from soils were examined. Bioaugmentation significantly accelerated phenol biodegradation rate in tested soils. Phenol applied at the highest concentration (5·0mgg -1 soil) was completely degraded in clay soil (FC) within 65days, whereas in sand soil (FS) within 72days. In comparison, phenol biodegradation proceeded for 68 and 96days in nonbioaugmented FC and FS soils, respectively. The content of humic carbon remained at the same level at the beginning and the end of incubation time in all soil treatments. The number of introduced bacteria (2·50×10 9g -1 soil) markedly decreased during the first 4 or 8days depending on contamination level and type of soil; however, inoculant survived over the experimental period of time. Analysis of FAME patterns indicated that changes in the percentages of cyclopropane fatty acids 17:0cy and 19:0cyω10c and branched fatty acids might be useful markers for monitoring the progress of phenol removal from soil. Conclusions: It was confirmed that soil bioaugmentation with Pseudomonas sp. JS150 significantly enhanced soil activity towards phenol degradation. Cyclopropane and branched fatty acids were sensitive probes for degree of phenol utilization. Significance and Impact of the Study: In future, genetically modified Pseudomonas sp. JS150 strain could be of use in the bioaugmentation of phenol-contaminated areas. © 2011 The Authors. Journal of Applied Microbiology © 2011 The Society for Applied Microbiology.},

note = {25},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-77954682617,

title = {Bioaugmentation as a strategy for cleaning up of soils contaminated with aromatic compounds},

author = { A. Mrozik and Z. Piotrowska-Seget},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77954682617&doi=10.1016%2fj.micres.2009.08.001&partnerID=40&md5=3456a6d8ce6f18c596aa4f12acf9e39d},

doi = {10.1016/j.micres.2009.08.001},

issn = {09445013},

year  = {2010},

date = {2010-01-01},

journal = {Microbiological Research},

volume = {165},

number = {5},

pages = {363-375},

abstract = {The contamination of soil with aromatic compounds is of particular environmental concern as they exhibit carcinogenic and mutagenic properties. One of the methods of their removal from soil is bioaugmentation, defined as a technique for improvement of the degradative capacity of contaminated areas by introduction of specific competent strains or consortia of microorganisms. The efficiency of bioaugmentation is determined by many abiotic and biotic factors discussed in this paper. The first include chemical structure, concentration and availability of pollutants as well as physico-chemical properties of soil. In turn, among biotic factors the most important is the selection of proper microorganisms that can not only degrade contaminants but can also successfully compete with indigenous microflora.Several strategies are being developed to make augmentation a successful technology particularly in soils without degrading indigenous microorganisms. These approaches involve the use of genetically engineered microorganisms and gene bioaugmentation. The enhancement of bioaugmentation may be also achieved by delivering suitable microorganisms immobilized on various carriers or use of activated soil. © 2009 Elsevier GmbH.},

note = {330},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-73149103919,

title = {Changes of FAME profiles as a marker of phenol degradation in different soils inoculated with Pseudomonas sp. CF600},

author = { A. Mrozik and M. Cycoń and Z. Piotrowska-Seget},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-73149103919&doi=10.1016%2fj.ibiod.2009.11.002&partnerID=40&md5=f46b50be149971890d920c798930b1bf},

doi = {10.1016/j.ibiod.2009.11.002},

issn = {09648305},

year  = {2010},

date = {2010-01-01},

journal = {International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation},

volume = {64},

number = {1},

pages = {86-96},

abstract = {Fatty acid profiles of three different sterile soils contaminated with phenol at the concentrations of 1.7, 3.3 and 5.0 mg g-1 and inoculated with phenol-degrading Pseudomonas sp. CF600 were investigated. The rate of phenol biodegradation and survival of inoculants in contaminated soils were also studied. It was found that introduced strain was able to completely degrade phenol added at the highest dose during 108 days in MF and WM soils, and 124 days in PF soil, whereas at the smallest dose within 60 days independently of soil type. In all phenol-polluted soils the decrease of the initial inoculum was estimated and at the end of the experiment in soils treated with phenol at the concentration of 5.0 mg g-1 constituted 18, 21 and 25% of initial number in MF, PF and WM soils, respectively. Under phenol exposure important changes in profiles of FAMEs obtained directly from soils were detected. The most significant alterations were observed in soils contaminated with the highest phenol dosage and related to 17:0 cy and 19:0 cy ω8c cyclopropane fatty acids. Over time with decreasing phenol concentration the decline of 17:0 cy amount was observed. In turn, in all polluted soils 19:0 cy ω8c appeared first time on day 12 when the initial phenol doses declined about 60% in WM and MF and about 40% in PF soil. Other changes in FAME composition included the slight increase of straight-chain, the decrease of branched, hydroxylated and unsaturated fatty acids. The value of sat/unsat ratio, the occurrence and distribution of specific cyclopropane fatty acids in FAME profiles might be useful for the estimation of phenol biodegradation progress. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},

note = {32},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-50849105095,

title = {FAMEs profiles of phenol-degrading Pseudomonas stutzeri introduced into soil},

author = { A. Mrozik and Z. Piotrowska-Seget and S. Łabuzek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-50849105095&doi=10.1016%2fj.ibiod.2008.03.009&partnerID=40&md5=a5dea8356d8c54a302d30d94bf98eb5b},

doi = {10.1016/j.ibiod.2008.03.009},

issn = {09648305},

year  = {2008},

date = {2008-01-01},

journal = {International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation},

volume = {62},

number = {3},

pages = {319-324},

abstract = {Fatty acid composition during phenol biodegradation by Pseudomonas stutzeri introduced into three sterile soils differed in organic matter content was investigated. It was found that type of soil strongly influenced the rate of phenol removal and survival of bacteria. In soil (MF) with the highest amount of organic matter (37.30%) the complete phenol biodegradation proceeded within 44 days, in soil (WM) with intermediate organic matter content (18%) lasted 68 days, whereas in sandy soil (PF) (2.10% of organic matter) phenol degradation was not observed. In phenol-polluted soil the number of introduced P. stutzeri cells decreased during experiment period from an initial density of 2.5 × 109 CFU/g soil to 1.73 × 105 CFU/g soil and to 9.7 × 103 CFU/g soil in MF and WM samples, respectively. Under phenol exposure changes in FAMEs profiles isolated from soils were detected. The most significant alterations were connected with the occurrence and content of cyclopropane fatty acids. Fatty acid 17:0 cy was detected only in uncontaminated soil whereas 19:0 cy ω8c fatty acid was synthesised by introduced bacteria in phenol amended soils when its concentration decreased significantly. Other noticeable changes included the increase of branched and straight-chain fatty acid contents, resulted in the higher level of fatty acids saturation in bacteria isolated from phenol-polluted soils. Our results show that fatty acid composition and the occurrence of specific fatty acids can be used for monitoring the progress of bioremediation process in phenol-polluted environment. © 2008.},

note = {10},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-44349151101,

title = {Microbial lipases and their significance in the protection of the environment},

author = { A. Mrozik and K.T. Hupert-Kocurek and B. Nowak and S. Łabuzek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-44349151101&partnerID=40&md5=f89c74471d08508902cd4b99ba6cc9cc},

issn = {00794252},

year  = {2008},

date = {2008-01-01},

journal = {Postepy Mikrobiologii},

volume = {47},

number = {1},

pages = {43-50},

abstract = {Microbial lipases represent an extremely versatile group of enzymes that are capable of performing a variety of important reactions. They belong to the class of serine hydrolases and act at the interface generated by a hydrophobic lipid substrate in a hydrophilic medium. Their synthesis and secretion by microorganisms is influenced by many factors like temperature, pH, ions, carbon and nitrogen sources and dissolved oxygen concentration. Microbial lipases are used in leather, detergent, pulp and paper industry, sewage treatment, biodiesel and biodegradable polymers production and bioremediation. Due to various properties lipases are helpful tools in biotechnology and environment protection fields.},

note = {5},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-36048941460,

title = {FAME profiles in Pseudomonas vesicularis during catechol and phenol degradation in the presence of glucose as an additional carbon source},

author = { A. Mrozik and Z. Piotrowska-Seget and S. Łabuzek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-36048941460&partnerID=40&md5=bc6557d4d2c4888179fd64498ed429e7},

issn = {17331331},

year  = {2007},

date = {2007-01-01},

journal = {Polish Journal of Microbiology},

volume = {56},

number = {3},

pages = {157-164},

abstract = {The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of catechol and phenol added to culture media separately and with glucose as an additional, easily-degradable carbon source on fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) composition in Pseudomonas vesicularis. Simultaneously, the degradation rates of aromatic substrates used were investigated in single and binary substrate systems. Both catechol and phenol treatments caused changes in the distribution of tested groups of fatty acids. The most noticeable changes included an increase in degree of fatty acid saturation, the appearance of branched and disappearance of hydroxy fatty acids as compared to the control sample with glucose. Under catechol or phenol treatment sat/unsat ratio showed the values of 8.63 and 11.38, respectively, whereas in control cells it reached the value of 2.66. The high level of saturation comes from the high content of cyclopropane fatty acids in bacteria under exposure to aromatic substrates, regardless of the presence of glucose. In these treatments their content was more than 3-fold higher compared to the control. It has been demonstrated that glucose supplementation of culture media containing single aromatic substrate extended the degradation rates of catechol and phenol by P. vesicularis, caused an increase in number of cells but did not significantly change the fatty acid profiles in comparison with bacteria growing on catechol and phenol added to the media individually.},

note = {18},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-33745941602,

title = {Regulatory proteins in control of aromatic compounds degradation in Pseudomonas [Białka regulatorowe w kontroli ekspresji genów degradacji zwia̧zków o strukturze aromatycznej u bakterii rodzaju Pseudomonas]},

author = { K.T. Hupert-Kocurek and A. Mrozik and S. Łabuzek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33745941602&partnerID=40&md5=91dc1da6b2bd2ef5b8680f2d24a93f97},

issn = {00794252},

year  = {2006},

date = {2006-01-01},

journal = {Postepy Mikrobiologii},

volume = {45},

number = {2},

pages = {97-106},

abstract = {A number of degradative pathways of aromatic compounds, such as phenol, toluene xylene and naphthalene, have been found in many strains of genus Pseudomonas. The expression of these degradative genes is controlled by one or more regulatory proteins. In most cases, the genes coding for the regulator exist near the structural genes, and their protein products activate the transcription in the presence of inducer molecule. Repressor-mediated regulation is rare for genes involved in the catabolism of aromatic compounds. According to differences in structure, three-demensional conformation and mechanism of regulation, all regulatory proteins are divided into seven families: LysR, IclR, AraC/XylS, GntR families, TetR-, MarR-type regulators, XylR/DmpR σ54-dependent transcriptional regulators and two-component regulatory system. In general, there are two functional domains in regulatory protein structure. The domain containing the HTH DNA binding motif in regulators from LysR, IclR and GntR family is located at N-terminal end of the polipeptyde. The second one, C-terminal domain is involved in binding of the chemical inducer and oligomerization. Some of regulatory proteins, especially from XylR/DmpR family, posess the third domain, which is responsible for ATP binding and hydrolysis. Most of identified regulatory proteins which control aromatic degradation pathways bound DNA in specific region called RBS, except LysR type regulators which recognize additional sequence known as ABS. All regulators are synthesized as non-active monomers. In the presence of inducer they oligomerize to dimers, tetramers, hexamers or heptamers depending of family. As a result of many studies the behavior of different regulatory proteins was discovered. In some cases it has been possible to identify the protein structure, protein-DNA complex formation and conformational changes in regulators after effector binding. In contrast, little is currently known about the interactions between the regulatory protein and effector compounds and how effector binding to the regulatory protein transmits to an activation signal for RNA polymerase. The understanding of these interactions might be an important challenge for the application of bacterial regulatory systems for bioremediation practice, chemical synthesis and as biosensors for measuring the quality of soil and waters.},

note = {1},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-33745317192,

title = {Lipases of genera Pseudomonas and Burkholderia and their applications in biotechnology [Lipazy bakterii rodzajów pseudomonas i burkholderia oraz ich wykorzystanie w biotechnologii]},

author = { A. Mrozik and K.T. Hupert-Kocurek and S. Łabuzek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33745317192&partnerID=40&md5=7697b5c43f5b23f7fa7e6cfde40029a0},

issn = {00794252},

year  = {2006},

date = {2006-01-01},

journal = {Postepy Mikrobiologii},

volume = {45},

number = {1},

pages = {19-26},

abstract = {Lipases (triacylglycerol acylhydrolases; EC 3.1.1.3) catalyze the hydrolysis and trans-esterification of triglycerides, enantioselective synthesis, and the hydrolysis of a variety of esters. According to their substrate specificity lipases are divided into three groups. The first group contains lipases showing no positional and no specificity to the chemical structure of fatty acid. Lipases of the second group hydrolyze only primary ester bonds while those of the third group exhibit a pronounced fatty acid preference. Lipases, in contrast to esterases, are activated only when absorbed to an oil-water interface and do not hydrolyze dissolved substrates in the bulk fluid. They are produce by many strains of bacteria, especially of the genus Pseudomonas, Burkholderia, Acinetobacter and Staphylococcus, and fungi, for example Aspergillus terreus and Fusarium heterosporum. Microbial lipases have molecular weight of 19-60 kDa and are produced in the end of logarytmic phase of growth. All enzymes exhibit a characteristic folding pattern known as the α/β-hydrolyze fold. Their active-site is composed of the catalytic triad serine, histidine and an acid residue, Asp or Glu. Based on sequence of aminoacid, Pseudomonas and Burkholderia lipases were classified into three families. Lipases from families I and II show more similarities, whereas family III lipases are larger (50 kDa) and untrelated to the other lipases. All known bacterial lipases are extracellular enzymes requiring their translocation through the inner and outer membranes. Lipases of Pseudomonas are secreted by two types of secretion pathways: ABC exporters and general secretary pathway (GSP). Efficient secretion of lipases is coupled to correct folding. This process involves specific foldase and unspecific Dsb-proteins. Because of their wide-ranging significance, lipases remain a subject of intensive studies. Researches of lipases are focused particularly on structural characterization, elucidation of mechanism of action, kinetics, sequencing and cloning of lipase genes, folding and secrection. Lipases find promising applications in organic chemical processing, detergent production, synthesis of biosurfactants, the oleochemical industry, the dairy industry, the agrochemical activity, paper manufacture, nutrition, cosmetics and pharmaceutical processing.},

note = {5},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-33645663311,

title = {Cellular fatty acid patterns in Pseudomonas sp. CF600 during catechol and phenol degradation in media supplemented with glucose as an additional carbon source},

author = { A. Mrozik and Z. Piotrowska-Seget and S. Łabuzek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33645663311&doi=10.1007%2fBF03174971&partnerID=40&md5=99f9bd1c2c88f39d840d3e1067a42c72},

doi = {10.1007/BF03174971},

issn = {15904261},

year  = {2006},

date = {2006-01-01},

journal = {Annals of Microbiology},

volume = {56},

number = {1},

pages = {57-64},

publisher = {University of Milan},

abstract = {Fatty acid composition in Pseudomonas sp. CF600 during degradation of catechol and phenol individually and their mixture was investigated. Moreover, the influence of glucose as an additional, easily degradable carbon source on fatty acid profiling in bacteria grown on these aromatic substrates was studied. Both catechol and phenol treatments caused in bacterial cells crucial changes in the distribution of tested groups of fatty acids. The major changes included the increase of fatty acid saturation, decrease in the percentage of cyclopropane fatty acid 17:0 cy and the appearance of branched and hydroxy fatty acids. Under catechol, phenol and their mixture exposure saturated/unsaturated ratio showed the value 6.5, 5.68 and 6.38 whereas in control cells this ratio reached the value 3.05. As a response to aromatic compounds bacteria formed fatty acids that were not detected in control cells growing on glucose. It has been demonstrated that the supplementation of cultured media containing single aromatic substrates or/and their mixture with glucose resulted in changes in degradation rates of catechol and phenol. It seemed that glucose influenced some metabolic pathways responsible for the assimilation of aromatic compounds. The incubation of cells in the presence of aromatic compounds and glucose rapidly led to alterations of whole-cell derived fatty acid composition. The most important changes were associated with saturation level of fatty acids and cyclopropane fatty acid contents.},

note = {3},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-27944495959,

title = {Bacteria in bioremediation of hydrocarbon-contaminated environments},

author = { A. Mrozik and Z. Piotrowska-Seget and S. Łabuzek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-27944495959&partnerID=40&md5=c5124fbe740e72f6e5b1b4c92282acb5},

issn = {00794252},

year  = {2005},

date = {2005-01-01},

journal = {Postepy Mikrobiologii},

volume = {44},

number = {3},

pages = {227-238},

abstract = {The application of microorganisms to destroy, or reduce the concentration of, hazardous wastes on contaminated sites is called bioremediation. Such a biological treatment system has various applications, including clean-up of contaminated sites such as water, soils and sludges. A number of bacteria strains existing in natural environment are capable of metabolizing environmental pollutants. Many of them have been utilized in a variety of bioremediation processes. Apart from wild-type strains of bacteria, genetically modified microorganisms (GMMs) have shown potential for bioremediation application. There are many factors that affect the biodegrading processes. Each process depends on species of bacteria, their survival in environment, physico-chemical characteristics of substrate and its availability, and a range of environmental factors, including pH, oxygen concentration, temperature, moisture content, carbon and energy sources. To estimate the effectiveness of bioremediation it is necessary to analyse the diversity of pollutant degrading bacterial populations and detection of catabolic genes in environmental samples. There are many molecular tools (FISH; in situ PCR; DGGE; TGGE; T-RFLP) that are suitable for monitoring changes in bacteria community structure and diversity during hydrocarbon degradation.},

note = {6},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-22844448082,

title = {Whole cell-derived fatty acid profiles of Pseudomonas sp. JS150 during naphthalene degradation},

author = { A. Mrozik and S. Łabuzek and Z. Piotrowska-Seget},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-22844448082&partnerID=40&md5=01ca98386c0bccc35a97820d68af4193},

issn = {17331331},

year  = {2005},

date = {2005-01-01},

journal = {Polish Journal of Microbiology},

volume = {54},

number = {2},

pages = {137-144},

abstract = {Changes in cellular fatty acid composition during naphthalene degradation, at the concentrations of 0.5 g l-1 or 1.0 g l-1, by Pseudomonas sp. JS150 were investigated. In response to naphthalene exposure an increase in saturated/unsaturated ratio was observed. Additionally, the dynamic changes involved alterations in the contents of hydroxy, cyclopropane and branched fatty acids. Among the classes of fatty acids tested the most noticeable changes in the abundance of cyclopropane fatty acids were observed. Since day 4 of incubation these fatty acids were not dectected in bacterial cells growing on naphthalene. In contrast, markedly increased in the percentage of hydroxy fatty acids over time was observed. However, the proportions of saturated straight-chain and branched fatty acids did not change such significantly.},

note = {4},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-15744373382,

title = {Changes in fatty acid composition in Pseudomonas putida and Pseudomonas stutzeri during naphthalene degradation},

author = { A. Mrozik and S. Łabuzek and Z. Piotrowska-Seget},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-15744373382&doi=10.1016%2fj.micres.2004.11.001&partnerID=40&md5=46230d6234c55aec86c20ee9a33de12a},

doi = {10.1016/j.micres.2004.11.001},

issn = {09445013},

year  = {2005},

date = {2005-01-01},

journal = {Microbiological Research},

volume = {160},

number = {2},

pages = {149-157},

publisher = {Elsevier GmbH},

abstract = {The effects of naphthalene on the whole cell-derived fatty acid composition of Pseudomonas putida and Pseudomonas stutzeri during naphthalene degradation were investigated. These strains differed in their abilities to degrade naphthalene and in 1,2-catechol dioxygenase activities. The cells of both strains reacted to the addition of naphthalene with an increase in the saturated/unsaturated ratio. The dynamic changes comprised also alterations in the percentage of hydroxy, cyclopropane and branched fatty acids. Upon the exposure of naphthalene, new fatty acids were detected. © 2004 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.},

note = {43},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-6444221342,

title = {Cytoplasmatic bacterial membrane responses to environmental perturbations},

author = { A. Mrozik and Z. Piotrowska-Seget and S. Łabuzek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-6444221342&partnerID=40&md5=e001f8775f0c89f40442aacc64f7c6f4},

issn = {12301485},

year  = {2004},

date = {2004-01-01},

journal = {Polish Journal of Environmental Studies},

volume = {13},

number = {5},

pages = {487-494},

abstract = {Bacteria can adapt to various environmental factors such as temperature, pressure, ions, nutrients and toxic substances by modifying their membranes to maintain them in a fluid state. These modifications within the cytoplasmatic membrane particularly result from changes in the fatty acid composition and interaction between proteins and lipids. Fatty acids, mainly phospholipid fatty acids, play a role as a good biomarker of changes or physiological status of microorganisms caused by external factors. A greater understanding of the detailed physiological mechanisms of bacterial membrane lipid adaptation, especially to toxic substances and solvents, are important for researchers who use bacteria in bioremediation and biotransformation processes.},

note = {48},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-2442487892,

title = {Changes in whole cell-derived fatty acids induced by naphthalene in bacteria from genus Pseudomonas},

author = { A. Mrozik and Z. Piotrowska-Seget and S. Łabuzek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-2442487892&doi=10.1016%2fj.micres.2004.02.001&partnerID=40&md5=5c2a5e212e5f9a31ff462c6ed6506164},

doi = {10.1016/j.micres.2004.02.001},

issn = {09445013},

year  = {2004},

date = {2004-01-01},

journal = {Microbiological Research},

volume = {159},

number = {1},

pages = {87-95},

publisher = {Elsevier GmbH},

abstract = {Fatty acid composition during naphthalene utilization was investigated in three strains of bacteria Pseudomonas vesicularis, Pseudomonas stutzeri and Pseudomonas sp. JS150 that expressed different naphthalene degradation abilities. All strains significantly changed their cellular fatty acid profiles as a response to naphthalene exposure. Since naphthalene was present in the medium P. stutzeri increased ratio of saturated/unsaturated fatty acids from 1.1 to 2.1 and Pseudomonas sp. JS150 from 7.5 to 12.0, respectively. In contrast, this ratio decreased from 2.1 to 1.1 in P. vesicularis under the same growth conditions. The changes comprised also alterations in the percentage of selected groups of fatty acids: iso and anteiso, hydroxy and cyclopropane fatty acids. Our results showed that naphthalene induced in tested strains different changes in fatty acids composition. It may suggest that in the presence of naphthalene microorganisms used different adaptive mechanisms to maintain the cells in appropriate physiological state. © 2004 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.},

note = {50},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-0344873258,

title = {Bacterial degradation and bioremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons},

author = { A. Mrozik and Z. Piotrowska-Seget and S. Łabuzek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0344873258&partnerID=40&md5=51bb676f62d345fccb303d10fc61824a},

issn = {12301485},

year  = {2003},

date = {2003-01-01},

journal = {Polish Journal of Environmental Studies},

volume = {12},

number = {1},

pages = {15-25},

abstract = {Many polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are known to be toxic and carcinogenic for humans, and their contamination of soils and aquifers is of great environmental concern. Some microorganisms, mainly from the genera Pseudomonas and Mycobacterium, were found to be capable of transforming and degrading PAHs. These abilities may be useful in removal of PAHs from the environment. The successful application of bacteria to the bioremediation of PAH-contaminated sites requires a deeper understanding of how microbial PAH degradation proceeds. In this review, the bacteria involved and the metabolic pathways for the degradation of many PAHs are summarized and the biological aspects of PAH bioremediation are discussed.},

note = {169},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-0942269623,

title = {Signature Lipid Biomarker (SLB) analysis in determining changes in community structure of soil microorganisms},

author = { Z. Piotrowska-Seget and A. Mrozik},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0942269623&partnerID=40&md5=eb0deaaeb27928c47fb219f5bd2ad017},

issn = {12301485},

year  = {2003},

date = {2003-01-01},

journal = {Polish Journal of Environmental Studies},

volume = {12},

number = {6},

pages = {669-675},

abstract = {Signature lipid biomarker (SLB) analysis is a useful tool for identifying microorganisms and characterizing microbial communities in natural systems. Specific fatty acids, especially phospholipids (PLFA), are essential membrane components, make up a relatively constant proportion of the microorganisms under natural conditions and their patterns provide insight into the bacterial and fungal community structure and biomass. This method is based on direct extraction of fatty acids from cultured bacteria or environmental samples and determining the isolated methyl ester fatty acids (FAME) using gas chromatography (GC). Several PLFAs are useful markers for the detection of the specific groups, and whole cell fatty acid analysis is used for routine identification of microbial species. The fatty acid analysis has been successfully applied for the characterization of microbial communities from agricultural soils, from sites contaminated with heavy metals, aromatic compounds, alkaline dust, acid rain and from other diverse habitats.},

note = {47},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-0036065922,

title = {Fatty acids of bacterial membranes as a biomarker of aromatic compounds toxicity [Kwasy tłuszczowe błon komórkowych bakterii jako wskaźniki toksyczności zwia̧zków aromatycznych]},

author = { A. Mrozik and Z. Piotrowska-Seget and S. Łabuzek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0036065922&partnerID=40&md5=2b67095739e1a42361b146440a8bbebc},

issn = {00794252},

year  = {2002},

date = {2002-01-01},

journal = {Postepy Mikrobiologii},

volume = {41},

number = {2},

pages = {185-197},

abstract = {In all bacteria fatty acids are found as a major component of their membrane lipids. The well-known spectrum of bacterial fatty acids comprises saturated, cis, trans-monounsaturated, diunsaturated, cyclopropane, hydroxyl and methyl-branched fatty acids. Recently a new type has been found as membrane constituents - polyunsaturated fatty acids. The physical properties of bacterial membranes are determined by the composition of fatty acids. Some membrane active agents, including aromatic compounds, have a strong influence on membrane fluidity. These compounds dissolve in the cell membrane disturbing its integrity and affecting specific permeabilization. The hydrophobicity of an aromatic compound, expressed as its logP value, is a good indicator of its toxicity. Microorganisms however can adapt to many organic compounds by changing of their membrane fluidity. They can modify degree of saturation of fatty acids, the average chain length and the protein content. This mechanism is called "homeoviscosic adaptation". One of the key processes in the adaptation of some Pseudomonas, Vibrio and Escherichia coli strains, enabling them to tolerate aromatic compounds, appears to be the isomerization of cis - into trans-unsaturated fatty acids. The analysis of microbial membrane lipids, specifically phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) is a powerful tool for monitoring the microbial responses to changes in their environment. Phospholipids are extracted directly from environmental samples to characterise microorganisms within their communities. Microbial PLFA analysis provides quantitative insight into three important attributes of microbial communities, viable biomass, community structure and metabolic activity. Certain pollutants induce changes in some PLFA components such as ratio of saturated to unsaturated fatty acids, ratio of trans to cis-monoenoic unsaturated fatty acids, and the content of cyclopropane fatty acids. It might function as an indicator for the toxicity of many aromatic pollutants, particularly during in situ bioremediation and biotransformation processes.},

note = {3},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}