@article{2-s2.0-85183197407,

title = {Spatiotemporal Changes in and Driving Factors of Potential Evapotranspiration in a Hyper-Arid Locale in the Hami Region, China},

author = { Yu. Lu and L. Sun and Ch. Li and J. He and Z. Guo and Li. Duan and Ji. Zhang and E.B. Łupikasza and I. Malik and M. Wistuba and Ya. Yu},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85183197407&doi=10.3390%2fatmos15010136&partnerID=40&md5=ecb53d3e83ab408b66a789f561e3264b},

doi = {10.3390/atmos15010136},

issn = {20734433},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {Atmosphere},

volume = {15},

number = {1},

publisher = {Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)},

abstract = {Potential evapotranspiration (PET) is a crucial variable for implementing adaptation measures to mitigate the potential impacts of climate change on water resources. In the context of global warming, PET is essential for predicting water resource supply and demand, guiding irrigation and water management decisions. However, there is limited understanding of the spatiotemporal changes in PET and its driving factors in the hyper-arid regions of Northwest China. In this study, the Hargreaves model was employed to estimate PET in the Hami region from 1991 to 2020. By combining relevant climate data and partial correlation analysis, we investigated the spatiotemporal distribution patterns of PET within the study area and analyzed the factors influencing these patterns. The results showed the following: (1) From 1991 to 2020, the overall PET in the Hami region demonstrated a tendency to rise. The interannual trend rates of PET for the full year, spring, summer, autumn, and winter were 0.933, 2.744, 0.906, 0.488, and −0.406 mm·a-1, respectively. Despite a decreasing trend in winter PET, the other seasonal PET values and the annual PET values exhibited an increasing trend. (2) The spatial distribution of both annual and seasonal PET showed significant regional heterogeneity, following a consistent pattern marked by lower values in the central part and higher values in the surrounding areas. The southern region tended to have relatively high PET, while the northwestern region experienced comparatively low PET. (3) Partial correlation analysis indicated significant differences in the impact of various climatic factors on PET. The maximum temperature emerged as the dominant factor influencing annual PET variation, while precipitation played a leading role in influencing autumn PET variation. This study underscores the influence of climate change on PET in the Hami region, contributing to an enhanced comprehension of PET variations. © 2024 by the authors.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85177165519,

title = {Adverse effects of air pollution on human health predicted from tree-ring reductions – A conceptualization of a new ecosystem service},

author = { I. Malik and M. Wistuba and L. Sun and J. He and Ch. Li and Y. Yu and R. Yu and K. Łuszczyńska},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85177165519&doi=10.1016%2fj.ecoser.2023.101573&partnerID=40&md5=30438b6112b9d6034a7b76424ee149d9},

doi = {10.1016/j.ecoser.2023.101573},

issn = {22120416},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Ecosystem Services},

volume = {64},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {Air pollution adversely affects human health, while trees, conifers in particular, growing in areas affected by air pollution, immediately register pollution by developing rings with decreased width. Some diseases in human population, e.g. lung cancer, develop and are diagnosed with a certain delay in relation to the exposure to air pollution, thus, with a certain delay to ring reductions in trees. Therefore, reductions can be recognized as an early indicator that alerts about forthcoming outbreak of adverse health effects in human population. Based on this phenomenon we propose a new approach and a new methodology for assessing threats to human health and lives resulting from air pollution. In this paper we explain the application of new approach by presenting and describing it step by step. We state that data obtained through the new ecosystem service can be applied for early warning against adverse effects of air pollution on human health. This includes improved prediction of hospitalization patterns and financial costs for the healthcare system. The proposed methodology can be useful for decision makers e.g. local governments, state agencies, private enterprises and other stakeholders interested in controlling local emitters of air pollution and the harmfulness of pollution to human health and lives. © 2023 Elsevier B.V.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85176605048,

title = {Predicting the Potential Geographical Distribution of Rhodiola L. in China under Climate Change Scenarios},

author = { Me. Yang and L. Sun and Ya. Yu and H. Zhang and I. Malik and M. Wistuba and R. Yu},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85176605048&doi=10.3390%2fplants12213735&partnerID=40&md5=6b047ce747db87980e3a402086fa22a8},

doi = {10.3390/plants12213735},

issn = {22237747},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Plants},

volume = {12},

number = {21},

publisher = {Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)},

abstract = {Rhodiola L. has high nutritional and medicinal value. Little is known about the properties of its habitat distribution and the important eco-environmental factors shaping its suitability. Rhodiola coccinea (Royle) Boriss., Rhodiola gelida Schrenk, Rhodiola kirilowii (Regel) Maxim., and Rhodiola quadrifida (Pall.) Fisch. et Mey., which are National Grade II Protected Plants, were selected for this research. Based on high-resolution environmental data for the past, current, and future climate scenarios, we modeled the suitable habitat for four species by MaxEnt, evaluated the importance of environmental factors in shaping their distribution, and identified distribution shifts under climate change scenarios. The results indicate that the growth distribution of R. coccinea, R. kirilowii, and R. quadrifida is most affected by bio10 (mean temperature of warmest quarter), bio3 (isothermality), and bio12 (annual precipitation), whereas that of R. gelida is most affected by bio8 (mean temperature of wettest quarter), bio13 (precipitation of wettest month), and bio16 (precipitation of wettest quarter). Under the current climate scenario, R. coccinea and R. quadrifida are primarily distributed in Tibet, eastern Qinghai, Sichuan, northern Yunnan, and southern Gansu in China, and according to the 2070 climate scenario, the suitable habitats for both species are expected to expand. On the other hand, the suitable habitats for R. gelida and R. kirilowii, which are primarily concentrated in southwestern Xinjiang, Tibet, eastern Qinghai, Sichuan, northern Yunnan, and southern Gansu in China, are projected to decrease under the 2070 climate scenario. Given these results, the four species included in our study urgently need to be subjected to targeted observation management to ensure the renewal of Rhodiola communities. In particular, R. gelida and R. kirilowii should be given more attention. This study provides a useful reference with valuable insights for developing effective management and conservation strategies for these four nationally protected plant species. © 2023 by the authors.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85146167829,

title = {Trees as bioindicators of hillslope degradation by debris flows and dangerous rockfalls along the Lefthand Canyon, Colorado Front Range},

author = { Ł. Pawlik and B. Buma and M. Wistuba and I. Malik and A. Ślęzak},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85146167829&doi=10.1002%2fldr.4575&partnerID=40&md5=a467d49dc39e4cb6917e4fc9fc1bed05},

doi = {10.1002/ldr.4575},

issn = {10853278},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Land Degradation and Development},

volume = {34},

number = {6},

pages = {1869-1884},

publisher = {John Wiley and Sons Ltd},

abstract = {Trees provide important ecosystem services such as hillslope stabilization from landslides and rockfall protection, and may also be useful indicators of likelihood of those events in the future. Anatomical changes of tree wood are caused by various physical and biological phenomena. There are several geomorphic processes that change tree-ring characteristics, including hillslope movement, and if detectable, these changes may be used as bioindicators of terrain surface stability. This type of proxy data is vital to places that lack systematic monitoring infrastructure. In the present study, we have evaluated the effects of a heavy rainfall that happened on 11–13 September 2013 in the Colorado Front Range (CFR), which triggered more than 1300 debris flows. We intensely studied one large debris flow that was triggered in the region and the surrounding trees. We explored potential tree-based records of hillslope instability including compression wood and the method of eccentricity index of tree rings prior to the 2013 event. In addition, the response index was correlated with daily precipitation totals of the previous and current year in a moving window mode. We also evaluated rockfall patterns to explore the frequency and spatial distribution of tree-scar-based records. Our primarily goal was to test the method in dry climate conditions and to reconstruct possible soil instability episodes and rockfalls that led to hillslope degradation and tree mortality. In this study, we aimed to fill a significant knowledge gap on debris flows and rockfalls frequency in a dry montane forest system. We were able to distinguish 5 years of increased response index (>25% of trees recording slope instability): 1955 (30%), 1982 (27%), 2002 (27%), 2006 (31%), and 2009 (26%). A spring and early summer season daily precipitation totals of the previous year and summertime daily precipitation totals of the current year explained part of the response index variability. Significant correlation coefficients were up to 0.27. Almost 30 historical rockfall events were dated but only one coincided with an earthquake. In total 138 scars visible on growing trees were mapped. Some of them were found even 3.1 m above the ground level. We conclude that trees can be effective bioindicators of hillslope instability related to debris flows and rock falling. However, extreme climate events such as heavy rainfall causing a high number of debris flows can be difficult to predict based on the method adopted in the present study. © 2022 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85178090344,

title = {Development of Chronology for Historical Mining Shaft Remains in the Vicinity of Tarnowskie Góry Based on Radiocarbon, Luminescence and Dendrochronological Dating},

author = { F. Pawełczyk and A. Bolik and B. Błachut and A. Kamińska and M. Opała-Owczarek and I. Malik and M. Wojcik and Z. Zakrzewska and Z. Pawlak and G. Poręba},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85178090344&doi=10.2478%2fgeochr-2023-0004&partnerID=40&md5=87ce9ee0d920a899a4d41b11b4014194},

doi = {10.2478/geochr-2023-0004},

issn = {17338387},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Geochronometria},

volume = {50},

number = {1},

pages = {81-90},

publisher = {Sciendo},

abstract = {This study focused on determining the age of sediments found in the remains of historical mining in the post-exploitation field in Tarnowskie Góry, Poland. The limited historical sources indicated that lead ore and silver were mined there from the 12th to 20th centuries. The research utilised radiocarbon dating, optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) and fallout radioisotopes analysis to establish a chronology of the mining remains. Excavations were conducted on three historical mining shafts. In one of them, remains of old construction wood were found. Radiocarbon dating yielded 12 results, with the majority falling within the range of 1435 cal AD to 1645 cal AD. Two results were significantly older and covered the period of the beginnings of the Polish State. OSL dating provided results ranging from 2.5 ka BP to 216 ka BP, a time range much older than that indicated by radiocarbon dates. The OSL ages were found to be greatly overestimated, indicating that the luminescence signal was not reset during the redeposition of sediments. While the obtained results provided a preliminary chronology of the study site, further detailed research, especially regarding the older samples, is necessary to enhance our understanding of the mining history in the area. © 2023 Fatima Pawełczyk et al., published by Sciendo.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85153401010,

title = {Multi-Period Ore Exploitation in Upper Silesia, Central Europe},

author = { I. Malik and M. Bohr and M. Wistuba and T. Raab and A. Bonhage and W.B. Verschoof-van der Vaart and A. Raab and B. Woskowicz-Ślęzak},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85153401010&doi=10.1080%2f00934690.2023.2200583&partnerID=40&md5=c29d0fce1ce272784e51c7ac05ac9bdc},

doi = {10.1080/00934690.2023.2200583},

issn = {00934690},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Field Archaeology},

volume = {48},

number = {5},

pages = {366-379},

publisher = {Taylor and Francis Ltd.},

abstract = {We studied the abandoned mining field in southern Poland using high-resolution lidar images to distinguish the number of mining shaft remains and their morphological diversity. We identified 13,864 remains of mining shafts of various sizes (2–30 m in diameter) and diverse levels of denudation. This allowed us to select 13 mining shafts for detailed study. The radiocarbon dating of charcoal and peat from the shafts indicate three phases of exploitation in the study area: the Roman and early migration period (2nd century b.c.–6th century a.d.), the Middle Ages (6th–14th century a.d.), and the modern period (15th–17th century a.d.). The data on metal ore exploitation in the European Barbaricum is scarce and, in the study area itself, historical written sources indicate the onset of mining only in the 12th century a.d. Therefore, ore exploitation in the study area during the Roman period and early migration period, as well as in the early Middle Ages, is an unexpected result. © Trustees of Boston University 2023.},

note = {2},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85146812257,

title = {Water Resources Evaluation in Arid Areas Based on Agricultural Water Footprint—A Case Study on the Edge of the Taklimakan Desert},

author = { Li. Zhang and Ya. Yu and I. Malik and M. Wistuba and L. Sun and Me. Yang and Q. Wang and R. Yu},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85146812257&doi=10.3390%2fatmos14010067&partnerID=40&md5=2f4d1fe8eea15c0307361322d4dbf222},

doi = {10.3390/atmos14010067},

issn = {20734433},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Atmosphere},

volume = {14},

number = {1},

publisher = {MDPI},

abstract = {Water scarcity is an important factor limiting agricultural development in arid areas. Clarifying and evaluating the current situation of water resources in arid regions is helpful for decision-makers in the rational use of water resources. This study takes a typical arid region located at the edge of Taklamakan Desert-Hotan region as the study area. The water footprint (WF) of the Hotan region was calculated based on 20 years of data information from 2000–2019. An evaluation system was established using four aspects of the WF: structural indicators, efficiency indicators, ecological safety indicators, and sustainability indicators. The results show that the WF of the study area is mainly dominated by blue water consumption, with a proportion of 65.74%. The WF of crop production is larger than that of livestock production. The produced WF of grain crops is the highest of all products with a share of 44.21%. The increase in the local agricultural WF reached 53.18% from 2000 to 2019, but it was still lower than the amount of water available for agriculture. The evaluation results indicated that the region’s WF import dependency is lower than the global level, with an annual average self-sufficiency rate of 91.13% and an increase of 878.95% in the WF economic efficiency index. The agricultural WF produced in Hotan is exported in the form of trade, but the quantitative contribution is small and does little to relieve water stress in other regions. The agricultural water consumption was still within the range of local water resources that could be carried but only 6 years of sustainable water use, and the future development was not optimistic. With the ratio of produced WF to available water resources maintained at about 58%, the local available water resources should be above 43.21 × 108 m3 to initially ensure the sustainable use of water resources. There were 12 drought years in the study period, which are prone to droughts and high disaster levels. The drought-water scarcity systems behaved in three phases: 2000–2011 (uncoordinated level), 2012–2015 (transitional phase), and 2016–2019 (coordinated level). Water scarcity threatened by drought reduced. The occurrence of meteorological droughts was more related to natural factors while the changes in WF were mainly driven by socio-economic elements such as human activities. © 2022 by the authors.},

note = {3},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85140487957,

title = {Temporal Variability of Temperature, Precipitation and Drought Indices in Hyper-Arid Region of Northwest China for the Past 60 Years},

author = { J. He and B. Li and Ya. Yu and L. Sun and H. Zhang and I. Malik and M. Wistuba and R. Yu},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85140487957&doi=10.3390%2fatmos13101561&partnerID=40&md5=362f1180c8197db1952981133596589d},

doi = {10.3390/atmos13101561},

issn = {20734433},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Atmosphere},

volume = {13},

number = {10},

publisher = {MDPI},

abstract = {The temporal variability and abrupt change analysis of temperature and precipitation in Turpan was investigated and examined based on a monthly data set of temperature, precipitation and drought indices (1960–2019) from three meteorological stations over the study area. The Yamamoto method, Mann–Kendall test, Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), Standardized Precipitation Evaporation Index (SPEI), and Reconnaissance Drought Index (RDI) were applied to reveal temperature, precipitation and drought indices trends in their annual volumes. The conclusions were as follows: (1) in the past 60 years, the annual average temperature in the Turpan region has increased at a rate of 0.33 °C·(10a)−1. Whereas the temperature has accelerated since the 1980s, the annual average minimum temperature has increased more than the annual average maximum temperature, and the temperature difference between winter and summer has increased since the 1990s. (2) The inter-annual, inter-decadal and normal value changes in precipitation in the Turpan region and its three meteorological stations indicated a decreasing trend during 1960–2019. Though the normal value of summer and autumn precipitation decreased and increased as a whole, the normal values of spring, summer, winter and annual precipitation in the Turpan region displayed downward trends. (3) Abrupt changes in temperature were observed in the mid-1990s, and abrupt changes in precipitation were not obvious. (4) The SPI and RDI responded quickly to precipitation and temperature, and the overall characteristics of dry and wet trend changes were consistent. When the SPEI considered the combined effect of temperature and precipitation, the SPI and SPEI are better correlated, and the SPI and RDI are better correlated than the SPEI and RDI. On the whole, the occurrence of drought has obvious regional and seasonal characteristics. These conclusions not only provide scientific data for sustainable development in Turpan but also offer scientific information to further understand the trends and periodicity of climate change and drought conditions in hyper-arid regions around the world. © 2022 by the authors.},

note = {3},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85131055591,

title = {Spatiotemporal change in the land use and ecosystem service value in the Aral Sea basin (1993–2018)},

author = { J. He and Ya. Yu and L. Sun and H. Zhang and I. Malik and M. Wistuba and R. Yu},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85131055591&doi=10.1007%2fs11356-022-21094-0&partnerID=40&md5=78d4f91ff181bd6dbd0fbb052ffce4b7},

doi = {10.1007/s11356-022-21094-0},

issn = {09441344},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Environmental Science and Pollution Research},

volume = {29},

number = {49},

pages = {74416-74427},

publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH},

abstract = {The Aral Sea started shrinking since the 1960s due to natural factors and human activities; however, the relationship between land cover change and ecosystem services (ES) in the Aral Sea basin has not been fully studied. To analyze and explore the spatiotemporal variation characteristics of ecosystem service values (ESVs) in this region, we used the European Space Agency CCI Global Land Cover product with a spatiotemporal resolution of 300 × 300 m and the annual scale. The land use data of 1993, 1998, 2003, 2008, 2013, and 2018 in the study area were extracted; the study area’s ESV in the corresponding years was calculated; and the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics were analyzed. Additionally, the change rate and sensitivity were analyzed. The results revealed that the area of urban land, bare land, grassland, wetland, and cropland in the Aral Sea basin increased from 1993 to 2018; water body and forestland decreased. The integrated value of water bodies, cropland, and grassland ES accounted for more than 93.43% of the total ESV; the change rate of land use types differed. Urban land and water changed the fastest; cultivated land, woodland, grassland, and wetland changed the slowest. From 1993 to 2018, the total ESV of the Aral Sea basin decreased from 476.44 to 437.09 billion (overall decrease = −8.26%). The ESV study shows that the water area decreased sharply from 1993 to 2018, resulting in a loss of USD 46.84 billion. Biodiversity, food production, and water regulation were the main ES, accounting for 74.59% of the total ESV. The ESV of the Aral Sea basin declined from 1993 to 2018, and significant differences were observed among its regions. The sensitivity indexes of each period are far less than 1, indicating that the total estimated ecosystem values are inelastic with respect to the ecosystem value coefficients. Some regions should thus focus on this aspect. A close correlation was observed between the ESV and land use. Hence, effective land use policies can control the expansion of cropland; protect water bodies, ecological environments, grassland, and forestland; and promote a more sustainable ecosystem. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.},

note = {4},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85132418560,

title = {Do small landforms have large effects? A review on the legacies of pre-industrial charcoal burning},

author = { T. Raab and A. Raab and A. Bonhage and A. Schneider and F. Hirsch and K. Birkhofer and P.J. Drohan and M. Wilmking and J. Kreyling and I. Malik and M. Wistuba and E. van der Maaten and M. van der Maaten-Theunissen and T. Urich},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85132418560&doi=10.1016%2fj.geomorph.2022.108332&partnerID=40&md5=63b90e44c117611f5ae5513b51bb9439},

doi = {10.1016/j.geomorph.2022.108332},

issn = {0169555X},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Geomorphology},

volume = {413},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {Relict charcoal hearths (RCHs) are small, anthropogenic landforms resulting from past charcoal burning and reaching significant land coverage in pre-industrial mining areas. We review three coupled legacies linked by RCH development: (i) a landscape-scale geomorphic effect, (ii) a unique soil fingerprint, and (iii) an evolving novel ecosystem. The history and technique of charcoal production are described to clarify legacy effects. Applying a recently presented morpho-genetic catalogue is useful for classified mapping of RCH findings. The RCH numbers and calculated RCH densities per study region vary greatly and impose uncertainties due to insufficient methods causing over- or underestimations. Areas with high RCH densities between 50 and 500 RCH/km2 seem reasonable. Machine learning-based remote sensing techniques are promising approaches with which to better assess the full scale of charcoal burning legacies. RCH soil properties feature dark charcoal-rich technogenic substrate layers classified as Auh horizons according to the World Reference Base with significantly increased C contents. These Auh horizons can also exhibit specific physical and chemical properties, such as relatively low bulk density, high porosity, high plant available water content, low thermal conductivity and differences in cation exchange capacity or nutrient status. However, relevant studies are rare, and thus, the effects may differ by study region. Regarding vegetation, there seem to be four main effects: changes in forest structure, species composition, recruitment pattern and productivity. The number of studies on this issue is, however, also very limited. Even fewer studies have examined the soil fauna in RCHs; thus, the reported effects cannot be used to draw general conclusions. Notably, RCH research has made considerable progress in the last five years, especially in the Light Detection and Ranging-based mapping of these small landforms and identification of RCH-specific soil properties, but ecological legacies are not well understood; thus, more interdisciplinary and integrative studies are needed. © 2022 The Authors},

note = {8},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85128463137,

title = {Polyhumous Dystrophic Pit Lakes: Hydrographic and Hydrochemical Characteristics on the Example of Reservoirs in the Włoszczowska Basin, Central Poland},

author = { T. Molenda and B. Kostka and I. Malik and P. Lejwoda and W. Radziejowski and J. Kidawa},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85128463137&doi=10.3390%2fen15072681&partnerID=40&md5=57c292b9009a7617b55e0bcdea139d09},

doi = {10.3390/en15072681},

issn = {19961073},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Energies},

volume = {15},

number = {7},

publisher = {MDPI},

abstract = {The article presents the hydrographic and hydrochemical characteristics of post-exploitation reservoirs formed in peat excavations. Two natural bog lakes were selected as the control objects for the study. The research indicated that both the waters of post-exploitation peat reservoirs and natural bog lakes show low electrolytic conductivity (<100 µS/cm) and acidic water reaction (pH < 5.5). The concentration of major cations and anions is also very low. The concentration of calcium and magnesium does not exceed a few mg/L. Hydrochemically, all post-exploitation peat reservoirs are bi-ionic sulphate–calcium (SO42−-Ca2+ ). This distinguishes post-exploitation peat reservoirs from natural bog lakes in which multi-ion waters were found, for example, sulphate–chloride–calcium (SO42−-Cl−-Ca2+ ) and sulphate–calcium–sodium (SO42−-Ca2+-Na+ ). The calculated water humic state index (HSI) allowed the classifying of the examined reservoirs as polyhumous. The value of this index, in all reservoirs, was >50. Based on the calculated hydrochemical dystrophy index (HDI), it was found that all post-exploitation peat reservoirs are dystrophic. So far, no such hydrochemical type has been found in other post-exploitation peat reservoirs. Therefore, the examined objects should be classified as unique post-exploitation peat reservoirs. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85116086070,

title = {Inferring precipitation thresholds of landslide activity from long-term dendrochronological and precipitation data: Case study on the unstable slope at Karpenciny, Poland},

author = { M. Wistuba and E. Gorczyca and I. Malik},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85116086070&doi=10.1016%2fj.enggeo.2021.106398&partnerID=40&md5=398edd53833b6da4a28138d548eca9fc},

doi = {10.1016/j.enggeo.2021.106398},

issn = {00137952},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Engineering Geology},

volume = {294},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {An extended statistical comparison of numerous precipitation parameters (absolute; minimum; and maximum totals; number of days with precipitation; and duration of precipitation in particular months; seasons; and longer periods) and the 48-y long dendrochronological reconstruction of landslide activity was conducted for a generally unmonitored landslide slope at Karpenciny, Western Carpathians, Poland. The Karpenciny landslide is a deep (approximately 40 m) translational landslide consisting of large, poorly fragmented, and almost intact landslide blocks. It is located only 2.4 km from the meteorological gauging station. We aimed to explore the long-term dependence of this landslide on precipitation conditions and reveal the precipitation parameters crucial for its activity, that is, direct triggers and preparatory antecedent precipitation. Therefore, dendrochronological records of tree-ring eccentricity and compression wood in 35 Norway spruce trees were correlated with 520 precipitation parameters (including seasonality; duration; and total), which might influence the activity of the studied landslide. Ten best-correlated precipitation parameters and seasonal sums of summer half-years and preceding winter half-years (separately and in total; i.e. as 12-month sums), were then tested for their potential in establishing precipitation thresholds for landslide activity. The analysis of multiple precipitation parameters enabled us to develop precipitation thresholds based on both direct causes and long-term preparatory precipitation necessary to accelerate the studied landslide. From the tree-ring data, we established landslide-safe conditions and 0.5-probability thresholds for a particular landslide slope. This study also generated comprehensive data on the seasonality of antecedent and triggering precipitation, long-term periods of antecedent precipitation, critical minimum levels of precipitation that sustain slope imbalance, and the importance of generally wet conditions (demonstrated as a high total number of days with precipitation regardless of its totals) as a factor in landslide activity. These patterns of landslide-precipitation dependence would not have been revealed with standard methods and standard precipitation parameters applied in threshold analyses. Thus, long-term reconstructions can be a valuable source of data for precipitation thresholds of landslide activity. © 2021 The Authors},

note = {1},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85120036696,

title = {Temporal and spatial variations of net primary productivity and its response to groundwater of a typical oasis in the Tarim Basin, China},

author = { L. Sun and Y. Yu and Y. Gao and H. Zhang and X. Yu and J. He and D. Wang and I. Malik and M. Wistuba and R. Yu},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85120036696&doi=10.1007%2fs40333-021-0088-z&partnerID=40&md5=6fcd7afec8294a33007a33154096f106},

doi = {10.1007/s40333-021-0088-z},

issn = {16746767},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Arid Land},

volume = {13},

number = {11},

pages = {1142-1154},

publisher = {Science Press},

abstract = {Net primary productivity (NPP) of the vegetation in an oasis can reflect the productivity capacity of a plant community under natural environmental conditions. Owing to the extreme arid climate conditions and scarce precipitation in the arid oasis regions, groundwater plays a key role in restricting the development of the vegetation. The Qira Oasis is located on the southern margin of the Taklimakan Desert (Tarim Basin; China) that is one of the most vulnerable regions regarding vegetation growth and water scarcity in the world. Based on remote sensing images of the Qira Oasis and daily meteorological data measured by the ground stations during the period 2006–2019, this study analyzed the temporal and spatial patterns of NPP in the oasis as well as its relation with the variation of groundwater depth using a modified Carnegie Ames Stanford Approach (CASA) model. At the spatial scale, NPP of the vegetation decreased from the interior of the Qira Oasis to the margin; at the temporal scale, NPP of the vegetation in the oasis fluctuated significantly (ranging from 29.80 to 50.07 g C/(m2·month)) but generally showed an increasing trend, with the average increase rate of 0.07 g C/(m2·month). The regions with decreasing NPP occupied 64% of the total area of the oasis. During the study period, NPP of both farmland and grassland showed an increasing trend, while that of forest showed a decreasing trend. The depth of groundwater was deep in the south of the oasis and shallow in the north, showing a gradual increasing trend from south to north. Groundwater, as one of the key factors in the surface change and evolution of the arid oasis, determines the succession direction of the vegetation in the Qira Oasis. With the increase of groundwater depth, grassland coverage and vegetation NPP decreased. During the period 2008–2015, with the recovery of groundwater level, NPP values of all types of vegetation with different coverages increased. This study will provide a scientific basis for the rational utilization and sustainable management of groundwater resources in the oasis. © 2021, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Science Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.},

note = {1},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85111257029,

title = {Hydrodynamic parameters of floods and related bank erosion events indicated from tree rings and 2D hydrodynamic model for a small ungauged catchment (Sudeten Mts., Poland)},

author = { I. Malik and M. Wistuba and D. Absalon and M. Habel and S. Chalov and R. Yu},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85111257029&doi=10.1016%2fj.ecolind.2021.108021&partnerID=40&md5=34e770ca26a7e993b091769257016eb9},

doi = {10.1016/j.ecolind.2021.108021},

issn = {1470160X},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Ecological Indicators},

volume = {129},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {Small mountain catchments usually lack hydrological monitoring and gauges. Therefore, in such areas, data on past flood and bank erosion are often missing, which makes assessing flood and erosion hazards very limited. We attempt to fill in this gap by dating individual flood and erosion events from growth disturbances produced by trees after their stems are tilted, and their roots are exposed and wounded by transported material. We aimed to develop a conceptual approach to integrate dendrochronology and 2D modelling for indicating and assessing past events of floods and bank erosion on a small mountain river Łomniczka, Sudeten mountains, Poland. We dated growth disturbances resulting from tilting of stems of spruce trees which grow on eroded riverbanks, i.e. tree-ring eccentricity and compression wood. We also dated disturbances resulting from the exposure of roots from under the soil cover, i.e. sudden decreases of cell lumen, and root injuries by debris transported by floods, i.e. scars and traumatic resin ducts. Dendrochronology allow to indicate the occurrence of 28 floods since the 1930s, including 11 floods when bank erosion was also recorded at study sites. The approach enables to identify rates of bank erosion during specific floods which ranged at study sites from 20 to 120 cm. The largest discharge was determined for the 1997 flood (106;7 m3 s−1), and the highest flow velocities were obtained for the 1930 floods (4.59 m/s). Results show that the highest shear stress occurred during the floods in 1943 and 1977 (510;3N/m2) and in 1997 flood (469.1 N/m2). We conclude that dendrochronology combined with 2D modelling allowed us to indicate past floods and bank erosion, and to prepare reliable inventories for analyses of flood and erosion hazard. The approach proposed in this paper can also be used as a tool for flood management, spatial management and planning. © 2021},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85108726008,

title = {Simultaneous growth releases and reductions among Populus alba as an indicator for floods in dry mountains (Morocco)},

author = { I. Malik and M. Dłużewski and J. Rotnicka and M. Wistuba and K. Krzemień and A. Muszyński and E. Rojan and A. Ślęzak},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85108726008&doi=10.1016%2fj.ecolind.2021.107874&partnerID=40&md5=fddbeea5127a78a7699ba5363d0b5cb0},

doi = {10.1016/j.ecolind.2021.107874},

issn = {1470160X},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Ecological Indicators},

volume = {129},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {We studied the growth reaction of silver poplar trees (Populus alba) to a large flood in November 2014 in the semi-arid High Atlas Mountains, Morocco. The flood resulted in half of the studied trees developing wider tree rings in 2015 and the other half developing narrower rings in 2015, next year after the flood. For 57.1% of trees which released growth in 2015, this was the most significant increase of ring width during their whole lives (in whole tree-ring chronologies), and for 23.8% of trees which reduced growth in 2015, this was the most significant decrease of ring width. Tree-ring reductions in next year after the 2014 flood resulted from environmental stress related to burying stems with alluvia deposited during the flood. Fresh sediments cut off air access from the root system, and for some of the sampled trees, this stress was strong enough to control their radial growth. Growth releases that follow the 2014 flood are a record of trees benefitting from a sudden supply of water, a rare opportunity in dry study area, where water is usually scarce. The study demonstrates that floods in high mountains of arid zone can cause dual, opposite growth reaction of affected trees. Such dual record is characteristic for environmental impulses, which exert stress on trees, but, at the same time, improve other conditions of tree growth. Environmental events that cause simultaneous positive and negative reactions among a population of trees, like studied flood, can easily be overlooked in chronologies based on average widths of tree rings each year. For trees affected during studied flood arithmetical mean of ring widths in 2015 is average and does not stand out from arithmetical means for other years. However, when analysed in detail, the year 2015 is significantly different from other years, as is demonstrated by high values of dispersion indicators (standard deviation and coefficient of variation) calculated for all sampled trees. This study demonstrates that following the standard procedure (developing tree-ring chronology from average ring widths) is not a reliable solution for reconstructions of environmental impulses which cause dual, opposite reaction among sampled trees. Even strong events of this type will not be emphasised in standard chronologies, which can lead to underestimating frequency and magnitude of processes and, in the case of floods, to underestimating hazard and risk. © 2021 The Author(s)},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85115199007,

title = {Spatiotemporal changes in water, land use, and ecosystem services in Central Asia considering climate changes and human activities},

author = { Y. Yu and Xi. Chen and I. Malik and M. Wistuba and Y. Cao and D. Hou and Z. Ta and J. He and Li. Zhang and R. Yu and H. Zhang and L. Sun},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85115199007&doi=10.1007%2fs40333-021-0084-3&partnerID=40&md5=9c46277e058bfbf00005833954006440},

doi = {10.1007/s40333-021-0084-3},

issn = {16746767},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Arid Land},

volume = {13},

number = {9},

pages = {881-890},

publisher = {Science Press},

abstract = {Central Asia is located in the hinterland of Eurasia, comprising Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, and Tajikistan; over 93.00% of the total area is dryland. Temperature rise and human activities have severe impacts on the fragile ecosystems. Since the 1970s, nearly half the great lakes in Central Asia have shrunk and rivers are drying rapidly owing to climate changes and human activities. Water shortage and ecological crisis have attracted extensive international attention. In general, ecosystem services in Central Asia are declining, particularly with respect to biodiversity, water, and soil conservation. Furthermore, the annual average temperature and annual precipitation in Central Asia increased by 0.30°C/decade and 6.9 mm/decade in recent decades, respectively. Temperature rise significantly affected glacier retreat in the Tianshan Mountains and Pamir Mountains, which may intensify water shortage in the 21st century. The increase in precipitation cannot counterbalance the aggravation of water shortage caused by the temperature rise and human activities in Central Asia. The population of Central Asia is growing gradually, and its economy is increasing steadily. Moreover, the agricultural land has not been expended in the last two decades. Thus, water and ecological crises, such as the Aral Sea shrinkage in the 21st century, cannot be attributed to agriculture extension any longer. Unbalanced regional development and water interception/transfer have led to the irrational exploitation of water resources in some watersheds, inducing downstream water shortage and ecological degradation. In addition, accelerated industrialization and urbanization have intensified this process. Therefore, all Central Asian countries must urgently reach a consensus and adopt common measures for water and ecological protection. © 2021, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Science Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.},

note = {5},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85113477165,

title = {Remote sensing monitoring and evaluation of the temporal and spatial changes in the eco-environment of a typical arid land of the tarim basin in western china},

author = { L. Sun and Y. Yu and Y. Gao and J. He and X. Yu and I. Malik and M. Wistuba and R. Yu},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85113477165&doi=10.3390%2fland10080868&partnerID=40&md5=25adfb78112647043b7c0c5c58260a7b},

doi = {10.3390/land10080868},

issn = {2073445X},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Land},

volume = {10},

number = {8},

publisher = {MDPI AG},

abstract = {The eco-environment provides various spaces, conditions, and resources for human de-velopment, and their quality is a significant factor affecting sustainable development in a region. Most drylands face environmental fragility due to problems such as infertile land, scarce suitable living space, and a lack of resources. Therefore, investigating the temporal and spatial changes in the eco-environment of drylands is vital to developing them sustainably. This paper takes Hetian, which is located in the Tarim Basin of Western China and has typical features of an arid (or a hyper-arid) region, as the research area. The ecological index (EI) was used to construct a comprehensive ecological evaluation system, and five sub-indices (the biological richness index; vegetation coverage index; water network denseness index; land stress index; and pollution load index) were calculated to identify the quality and changes in the eco-environment of Hetian in 1995, 2009, and 2018. The results show that, from 1995 to 2018, the EI in Hetian showed a continuous downward trend (from 24.76 to 16.32), representing a change (∆EI) of −8.44; this indicates significant deterioration in the quality of the local eco-environment. Large fluctuations in the EI also suggests that the environment in Hetian is very sensitive. In addition, the results revealed a degradation of Hetian, which includes a hyper-arid region. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.},

note = {4},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85101551129,

title = {Combining 137Cs, 210Pb and dendrochronology for improved reconstruction of erosion–sedimentation events in a loess gully system (southern Poland)},

author = { I. Malik and G. Poręba and M. Wistuba and B. Woskowicz-Ślęzak},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85101551129&doi=10.1002%2fldr.3903&partnerID=40&md5=a0d677147bb56c55a36dd6cf6616c00f},

doi = {10.1002/ldr.3903},

issn = {10853278},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Land Degradation and Development},

volume = {32},

number = {7},

pages = {2336-2350},

publisher = {John Wiley and Sons Ltd},

abstract = {Detailed knowledge on the past events of erosion and redeposition is necessary to assess the frequency and magnitude of soil degradation and to provide more complete data, among all, to calculate rainfall thresholds and to develop strategies for controlling erosion. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to obtain a more comprehensive and accurate reconstruction of erosion–sedimentation events in a gully system by combining analyses of 137Cs and 210Pb with dendrochronological dating in the same sediment profiles. We aimed to precisely determine the number and the age of erosion–sedimentation events, which led to the development of study deposits and to determine the type of erosion providing material for deposition in particular events. To this purpose, 136 soil samples and 62 roots and tree stems samples were collected in eight research profiles at the gully bottom. We compared the results obtained with the two methods. Isotope analysis allowed us to estimate more general age of sediments and the type of erosion that provided material for individual layers. Dendrochronology provided a more precise reconstruction of the age of soil degradation events. By combining both techniques, we determined rainfall events responsible for erosion and sedimentation in the studied gully since 1980s and a rainfall threshold of 60 mm day−1 for soil erosion and redeposition in the study area. © 2021 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.},

note = {2},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85090425537,

title = {Establishing regimes of landslide activity – Analysis of landslide triggers over the previous seven decades (Western Carpathians, Poland)},

author = { M. Wistuba and I. Malik and E. Gorczyca and A. Ślęzak},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85090425537&doi=10.1016%2fj.catena.2020.104888&partnerID=40&md5=37a35471bd84d96e2ed00ad49dd85b4f},

doi = {10.1016/j.catena.2020.104888},

issn = {03418162},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Catena},

volume = {196},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {Long-term analyses of landslide patterns and triggering factors, covering several decades of continuous data, including periods of both acceleration and stability, are a key to understanding landslide activity, background, and variability. In this study, we analyse the long-term relationships between landslide activity and the triggering factors, precipitation, and low-magnitude earthquakes for three landslides in the Western Carpathians, Poland. Based on dendrochronological reconstruction covering 68 years (1951–2018), including tree-ring eccentricity and compression wood dating for 107 Norway spruce trees, we determined that there are significant differences in the activity and triggers of the studied slopes. We were able to explain the origin of the differences through the individual features of landslide topography and structure, such as the depth of the shear zones, disintegration of landslide blocks resulting in a plastic, flow-like movement of the material, and location of the landslide blocks in relation to high groundwater levels in the valley floors. Finally, we determined the optimal sequences of triggers leading to heavy landsliding for each slope, therefore establishing the regimes of their activity. We argue that the long-term regularities in landslide response to triggers can be generalised into regimes, as is commonly done with river discharge, groundwater levels, and their hydro-meteorological background. We propose establishing “regimes of landslide activity” that are based on decades of observations and reconstructions. Our study demonstrates that such a long-term approach can be an efficient tool for describing and explaining the variability of landslide activity and hazards over space and time. © 2020 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {4},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85084492323,

title = {Impact of trees and forests on the Devonian landscape and weathering processes with implications to the global Earth's system properties - A critical review},

author = { Ł. Pawlik and B. Buma and P. Šamonil and J. Kvaček and A. Gałązka and P. Kohout and I. Malik},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85084492323&doi=10.1016%2fj.earscirev.2020.103200&partnerID=40&md5=8562e63fb5eae7e84d2200643128b465},

doi = {10.1016/j.earscirev.2020.103200},

issn = {00128252},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Earth-Science Reviews},

volume = {205},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {Evolution of terrestrial plants, the first vascular plants, the first trees, and then whole forest ecosystems had far reaching consequences for Earth system dynamics. These innovations are considered important moments in the evolution of the atmosphere, biosphere, and oceans, even if the effects might have lagged by hundreds of thousands or millions of years. These fundamental changes in the Earth's history happened in the Paleozoic: from the Ordovician, the time of the first land plants, to the Carboniferous, dominated by forest ecosystems. The Devonian Plant Hypothesis (DPH) was the first concept to offer a full and logical explanation of the many environmental changes associated with the evolution of trees/forests that took place during this time period. The DPH highlighted the impact of deep-rooted vascular plants, particularly trees on weathering processes, pedogenesis, nutrient transport, CO2 cycling, organic and inorganic carbon deposition, and suggests further possible consequences on the marine realm (oceanic anoxia and extinction during the Late Devonian). Here we attempt to combine the DPH and the related expansion in biodiversity, the Devonian Plant Explosion (DePE), with the Biogeomorphic Ecosystem Engineering (BEE) concept. This idea connects tree growth and activity with initiation and/or alteration of geomorphic processes, and therefore the creation or deterioration of geomorphic landforms. We focus on trees and forest ecosystems, as the assumed dominant driver of plant-initiated change. We find that whereas there is a broad evidence of trees as important biogeomorphic ecosystem engineers, addressing the DPH is difficult due to limited, difficult to interpret, or controversial data. However, we argue the concept of BEE does shed new light on DPH and suggest new data sources that should be able to answer our main question: were Devonian trees Biogeomorphic Ecosystem engineers? © 2020 The Author(s)},

note = {11},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85084230803,

title = {Erosion and accumulation phases during the last glacial-interglacial cycle: A case study of the terrace system of the odra and osobloga rivers (Southern Poland)},

author = { K.J. Wójcicki and H. Pawelec and I. Malik and B. Woskowicz-Ślęzak and P. Moska},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85084230803&doi=10.7306%2fgq.1519&partnerID=40&md5=95a8418de82035960e2bb53c02a81684},

doi = {10.7306/gq.1519},

issn = {16417291},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Geological Quarterly},

volume = {64},

number = {1},

pages = {104-119},

publisher = {Polish Geological Institute},

abstract = {In the Odra and Osob³oga River valleys in the vicinity of the town of Krapkowice, a system of morphological levels is present which is exceptionally extensive compared to other such systems in southern Poland. The extent, origins and chronology of these levels have been the subject of many controversies. In the light of current research, the terraces, which are situated on average 14.5-13, 12-10, 8-6, 6-4 and 3-1 metres above the river level, were formed in the post-Wartanian interval. The main factor driving their development was erosion, which compensated for the effects of large-scale aggradation that had occurred during the anaglacial phase of the Odranian Glaciation (MIS 8) dated to 261 ±15 ka. The impact of climatic conditions on the trends towards fluvial erosion or accumulation was only of secondary importance. According to OSL dating, successive phases of vertical stabilisation of the valley floor occurred ~118.8 ±8.3, 87.7 ±5.7 and 42.0 ±2.0 ka. In the meantime, erosion intensified, which resulted in the formation of lower terrace levels. During the climatic minimum of the Upper Plenivistulian (21.5 ±1.5 ka), under conditions of the delivery of sheet-wash-generated sediment, the aggradation of distal reaches of the Odra River valley was locally marked. During the Late Vistulian and Holocene, erosive tendencies continued, which were reflected by the fact that the surfaces of subsequent inset alluvial fills were situated ever lower. In the light of dating results, it can be concluded that during the colder periods correlated with the Rederstall Stadial (MIS 5b) and with the Hasselo Stadial (MIS 3), a braided river was present in the river valleys examined, which was most probably accompanied by permafrost. During the Eemian Interglacial (MIS 5e), during the Late Vistulian Interstadials and in the Holocene, it was a meandering river. © 2020, Polish Geological Institute. All rights reserved.},

note = {2},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85061796526,

title = {Geomorphic edge effects in response to abiotic and anthropogenic disturbances in forest ecosystems of the Gorce Mountains, Western Carpathians},

author = { Ł. Pawlik and P. Šamonil and I. Malik and P. Kroh and A. Ślęzak and P. Daněk},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85061796526&doi=10.1016%2fj.catena.2019.02.013&partnerID=40&md5=2036dfa586f01d16f17ef961a3e79cd1},

doi = {10.1016/j.catena.2019.02.013},

issn = {03418162},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Catena},

volume = {177},

pages = {134-148},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {In the present paper we report on the only known example of a hummocky meadow in Poland. The area of the Hala Długa in the Gorce Mountains is a hotspot of complex geomorphic edge effects that have been widely studied in relation to human impacts and forest disturbances. Applying an interdisciplinary approach, we aimed to study the geomorphic activity in edge conditions between two contrasting ecosystems, a high-mountain meadow and a forest. Several methods were applied: geomorphic mapping, radiocarbon dating, soil analysis, geomorphometry, wood anatomy, and investigations of historical maps. These methods enabled us to reconstruct the history of the Hala Długa over the past ca 300 years, and to evaluate geomorphic activity and soil dynamics in this area. The treethrow pit-mound microtopography (hummocky meadow; Buckelwiese) of this area was formed under forest conditions, but due to long-term human impacts linked to sheep grazing and mowing, was preserved as a distinct topography for at least 100 years. While this topography was still clearly visible in the 1950s, when it was first reported, it is currently gradually disappearing under trees that have formed a belt around the study area. Soils of the study site were disturbed by tree uprooting, with many key features identified during the soil profile analysis: spots of coarse partly oriented sandstone fragments in pits, patches of organic matter in the metamorphic B horizon, and a large number of root remnants and pieces of charcoal in different parts of treethrow mounds and pits. We suggest a non-linear or even polygenetic soil evolution due to altered vegetation and disturbance regimes. The evaluation of wood remnants revealed that the majority of uprooted tree species were Picea abies (L.) H. Karst and Larix decidua Mill. We conclude that in the Gorce Mountains geomorphic edge effects can form hotspots of geomorphic activity driven by human impacts, natural disturbances, and the specific hydrological regime in the highest parts of the massif. © 2019},

note = {5},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85064264371,

title = {High concentration of charcoal hearth remains as legacy of historical ferrous metallurgy in southern Poland},

author = { P. Rutkiewicz and I. Malik and M. Wistuba and A. Osika},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85064264371&doi=10.1016%2fj.quaint.2019.04.015&partnerID=40&md5=419661a9b2334d85965227593da16a08},

doi = {10.1016/j.quaint.2019.04.015},

issn = {10406182},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Quaternary International},

volume = {512},

pages = {133-143},

publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},

abstract = {In the preliminary research by using DTMs from airborne LIDAR data we found an unexpectedly high concentration of charcoal hearth remains which can potentially provide new data on historical ferrous metallurgy. Our study (based on LIDAR data)was designed to determine the number and distribution of charcoal hearth remains along three water courses used for powering iron smelters in the past: the Kłodnica River, Czarna River and Mała Panew River (southern Poland). The second aim was to characterise the relief and internal structure of selected charcoal hearth remains, to perform radiocarbon dating of selected charcoal hearth remains located near historic ferrous metallurgy centres and to compare dating results with historical data. We also checked what tree species were used for charcoal production. In the three areas under study a total of 208,085 charcoal hearth remains have been identified. The majority of charcoal hearth remains have been found along the Mała Panew River (74.9%; 184 charcoal hearth remains per 1 km2 on average). A typical charcoal hearth in the areas under study was 14 m in diameter, c 2 m high with a volume of c 205 m3. Around the central mound of each charcoal hearth remains, 4 to 9 depressions are present (each 2–3 m in diameter and around 0.5 m deep). Most of the radiocarbon dates obtained for the charcoal hearth remains analysed correspond well with historical data on the development of the nearest individual smelting centres. However, in some cases radiocarbon dates from charcoal hearth remains can serve as indications that the smelting plants may have been established earlier than historical sources suggest or that charcoal was used for another kind of activity. All charcoal samples taken in the areas under study originated from wood of coniferous species, mainly from Scots pine. © 2019 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA},

note = {31},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85058697302,

title = {Tree rings as an early warning against catastrophic landslides: Assessing the potential of dendrochronology for determining slope stability},

author = { M. Wistuba and I. Malik and J. Badura},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85058697302&doi=10.1016%2fj.dendro.2018.12.002&partnerID=40&md5=809b432e51ddc2083ed5155f1acdd50c},

doi = {10.1016/j.dendro.2018.12.002},

issn = {11257865},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Dendrochronologia},

volume = {53},

pages = {82-94},

publisher = {Elsevier GmbH},

abstract = {We investigated three slopes (in southern Poland; the Carpathian Mts; and the Sudeten Mts) subject to catastrophic, sudden landslides. To reconstruct past landslide activity, we analysed the eccentricity of tree rings in the stems of Norway spruce (Picea abies) using a per cent eccentricity index method. We obtained data on year-by-year changes in eccentricity patterns of single specimens, as well as data on landslide events dated from the whole population of trees sampled on each slope (13–30 spruce trees). These data supplied indirect information on the temporal variability of landslide activity on the three slopes revealing that all three slopes were subject to frequent landslide activity (recurrence intervals 2.0–2.7 years) well before catastrophic events that occurred in 1997 and 2010. The study also showed that 3–5 years before a catastrophic event the sample trees started to record increasing ground instability demonstrated as an uninterrupted, sudden increase in the eccentricity of single trees. Our results suggest that the application of dendrochronological methods can reveal slopes at an increased risk of catastrophic landsliding well in advance. The methods we applied show great promise for forecasting catastrophic landslides and assessing landslide hazard, slope stability and the effectiveness of engineering works undertaken to stabilise landslides. © 2018},

note = {12},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85055269062,

title = {A study of the wood anatomy of Picea abies roots and their role in biomechanical weathering of rock cracks},

author = { I. Malik and Ł. Pawlik and A. Ślęzak and M. Wistuba},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85055269062&doi=10.1016%2fj.catena.2018.10.018&partnerID=40&md5=bdb01373475d2a81619f8c32d47c8d15},

doi = {10.1016/j.catena.2018.10.018},

issn = {03418162},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Catena},

volume = {173},

pages = {264-275},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {Our study of the wood anatomy of roots of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst) growing in fractured bedrock reveals widening of bedrock cracks. Analysis, under a transmitted-light microscope of 30 micro-sections of three roots from two trees, shows that the most common anatomical features of roots growing in fractured bedrock are the blocking of radial growth, multi-directional uneven radial growth and fan-shaped deformation of cell rows. Crack widening is indicated by a sequence of features: normal growth followed by blocking of radial growth, then reappearance of radial growth. Changes in crack shape are shown by formation of traumatic resin ducts followed by radial growth eccentricity or multidirectional uneven growth. Eccentricity and radial growth release and an abrupt decrease in cell size imply increasing space for root growth and root exposure. We found inconclusive evidence of crack widening due to pressure from increasing root size (biomechanical weathering). Nevertheless, root anatomy indicates sudden crack widening, with other possible causes including tree-trunk flexing of roots by strong winds, mass-movement or freeze-thaw processes. © 2018},

note = {11},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85071340328,

title = {Assessment of landslide hazard from tree-ring eccentricity and from compression wood - A comparison},

author = { K. Łuszczyńska and I. Malik and M. Wistuba and M. Krąpiec},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85071340328&doi=10.7306%2fgq.1472&partnerID=40&md5=ab432606780dda2257892f12d06d7564},

doi = {10.7306/gq.1472},

issn = {16417291},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Geological Quarterly},

volume = {63},

number = {2},

pages = {296-301},

publisher = {Polish Geological Institute},

abstract = {We have compared maps of landslide activity and hazard, developed with the use of two different dendrochronological indicators: tree-ring eccentricity and reaction (compression) wood. The maps were prepared based on 125 Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.) trees growing at 44 sampling points, distributed over an area of 3.75 km2. In general, the two maps show similar patterns of landslide activity. However, tree-ring eccentricity yielded a greater number of dated events (246) compared to compression wood (129). Besides the differences in the absolute values of dating results, the general landslide activity and hazard zonation based on both disturbances are similar. Both growth disturbances develop as a result of stem tilting. Eccentricity develops after slight tilting, while compression wood is developed when tilting is more significant. Because of the differences in the strength of disturbing factors, which cause the development of compression wood and growth eccentricity, the best approach would be to combine the results of dating obtained from the two methods. The dendrochronological analysis of tree growth disturbances (eccentric growth and compression wood) is a promising approach for determining landslide hazards in forested mountain areas and can be applied in spatial management. © 2019, Polish Geological Institute. All rights reserved.},

note = {2},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85066761986,

title = {Interpretation of soil erosion in a polish loess area using OSL, 137Cs, 210Pbex, dendrochronology and micromorphology-case study: Biedrzykowice site (s Poland)},

author = { G. Poręba and Z. Śnieszko and P. Moska and P. Mroczek and I. Malik},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85066761986&doi=10.1515%2fgeochr-2015-0109&partnerID=40&md5=bf33b74159269a6de4fe1e09b8a17fc6},

doi = {10.1515/geochr-2015-0109},

issn = {17338387},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Geochronometria},

volume = {46},

number = {1},

pages = {57-78},

publisher = {Sciendo},

abstract = {Loess areas used for agriculture are susceptible to soil erosion. The intensive process of soil erosion in Polish loess areas began with the onset of the Neolithic and has continued intermittently until today. This work presents the results of soil erosion from simultaneous use of the 137Cs and 210Pbex methods on an agricultural field located on loess slope. Moreover, to establish the age of accumulated sediment connected with water slope erosion, OSL dating, selected physicochemical and micromorphological analyses were applied. The reference values of the 137Cs and 210Pbex fallout for the studied site (Biedrzykowice; the Proszowice Plateau; Małopolska Upland) equal 2627 (45% connected with Chernobyl) and 4835 Bq·m-2, respectively. The results of the 137Cs and 210Pbex inventories measured for the agricultural field range from 730 to 7911 and from 1615 to 11136 Bq·m-2, respectively. The mean soil erosion is about 2.1 kg·m-2·a-1 (about 1.4 mm·a-1). The accumulation of the colluvial sediments started in the Neolithic and drastically increased in the Middle Ages. The examined gully catchment in Biedrzykowice has probably developed quite rapidly as a result of increased erosion. This resulted in the abandonment of this area as farmland and, consequently, in the minimization of water erosion on the slope due to the entrance of woody vegetation in this area. Erosion processes were highly intensified during the last 70 years as a result of deforestation after World War II and intensive agricultural reuse of this area after a break, as indicated by isotope measurements and dendrochronology. © 2018 G. Porȩba et al.},

note = {15},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85050545150,

title = {Can low-magnitude earthquakes act as a triggering factor for landslide activity? Examples from the Western Carpathian Mts, Poland},

author = { M. Wistuba and I. Malik and K. Krzemień and E. Gorczyca and M. Sobucki and D. Wrońska-Wałach and D. Gawior},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85050545150&doi=10.1016%2fj.catena.2018.07.028&partnerID=40&md5=eb28432cb2b700888ebb3d3ac7275af3},

doi = {10.1016/j.catena.2018.07.028},

issn = {03418162},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Catena},

volume = {171},

pages = {359-375},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {There are numerous examples of the impact of strong earthquakes on landslide activity. There is however very little information about the ability of low-magnitude earthquakes (M < 5.0) to affect the stability of pre-existing landslide slopes. Two landslides were studied (Hołowiec and Kamień Western Carpathians; Poland). These are located 20–30 km from seismoactive zones where earthquakes of M ≤ 4.4 occur. We have used tree rings to date past landslide movements possibly caused by earthquakes. We have dated events of tree tilting by landslide activity, after which the trees developed eccentric rings and reaction wood, in a sample of 40 Norway spruces (Hołowiec) and 51 European silver firs (Kamień). The results of dendrochronological dating were compared with the occurrence of earthquakes in the study area (magnitudes; epicentral distance; etc.). We have also analysed precipitation data to help to disentangle the impact of rainfall and earthquakes as triggering factors. We were able to distinguish: earthquake-triggered landsliding with no impact of precipitation, precipitation-triggered landsliding with no seismic impact and landsliding triggered by the overlapping impact of precipitation and earthquakes. The results show that the combination of both triggering factors has the strongest influence on the stability of landslides under study. The study demonstrates the ability of low-magnitude (M < 5.0) earthquakes to trigger landslide activity, even at distances larger than appears from limiting curves published for co-seismic landslides. The results also suggest that the activity of the Kamień landslide can possibly be influenced by the long-distance (over 500 km) influence of strong earthquakes (M 6.8–7.4) from outside of the study area. The study demonstrates that the seismic factor, both local, low-magnitude earthquakes and distant, strong earthquakes, can be an important trigger of landslide activity. Their role may be underestimated in the study area and other areas considered as seismically non-active or of low seismic activity. © 2018 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {22},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85053262983,

title = {Reductions in tree-ring widths of silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) as an indicator of air pollution in southern Poland},

author = { K. Łuszczyńska and M. Wistuba and I. Malik},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85053262983&doi=10.2478%2fenviron-2018-0022&partnerID=40&md5=84207269fe0073532c0ac9243746a6cc},

doi = {10.2478/environ-2018-0022},

issn = {23540079},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Environmental and Socio-Economic Studies},

volume = {6},

number = {3},

pages = {44-51},

publisher = {De Gruyter Open Ltd},

abstract = {The aim of the study was to investigate how the emission of pollutants to the atmosphere from the late 19th century until modern times has been recorded in rings of silver fir trees growing in southern Poland. Samples were collected from 24 firs growing in the Beskid Niski Mountains (Western Carpathians). Using a Pressler borer, a single core was collected from each tree. Within the samples, tree-ring widths were measured. On this basis, reductions of tree-ring widths were calculated and subsequently divided into three classes according to their severity. Study results indicate that growth reductions at the site studied were influenced by the pollution emitted from the now-defunct Central Industrial Region, which developed most rapidly from 1920 to 1940, and began to decline after World War II. These emissions were probably responsible for reductions in the trees sampled in the years 1928-1947. On the other hand, reductions of tree-ring widths dating from 1951 to 1989 were caused by the post-war development of heavy industry throughout Poland, and in particular in the Upper Silesian Industrial Region, which developed at its most rapid rate from 1960 to 1990. The results obtained demonstrate that reductions of tree-ring widths in the silver firs studied are related to industrial air pollution in the 20th century. As industrial production declined and environmentally friendly technologies were introduced in the early 1990s, air pollution levels decreased and an increase in tree-ring widths followed in the silver firs studied. Further reductions of tree-ring widths have been observed in recent years (since 2009), which may be caused by air pollution due to low-stack emissions from domestic boilers. The analysis conducted demonstrates that a reduction in tree-ring widths in silver fir is a sensitive bioindicator of air pollution. © 2018 Copyright by University of Silesia in Katowice.},

note = {3},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85051544661,

title = {Spruce tree-ring reductions in relation to air pollution and human diseases a case study from Southern Poland},

author = { P. Rutkiewicz and I. Malik},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85051544661&doi=10.2478%2fenviron-2018-0011&partnerID=40&md5=56926ba680135fca29924dd74d4927d6},

doi = {10.2478/environ-2018-0011},

issn = {23540079},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Environmental and Socio-Economic Studies},

volume = {6},

number = {2},

pages = {22-28},

publisher = {De Gruyter Open Ltd},

abstract = {The study was conducted in two small municipalities in Małopolskie voivodeship in Southern Poland. Both municipalities are located in mountain basins in the Western Beskids mountain range.Cores were taken from trees growing near the centre of Rabka-Zdrój and Sucha Beskidzka in order to analyse the impact of contemporary air pollution on the health of tree stands. Annual tree rings developed during the era of high atmospheric pollution are usually narrower than the others. These municipalities were chosen due to their current air pollution problems despite their relatively small population.Local chronology, skeleton plots and calculated ring reductions were created for the sample trees. Temporal relationships between air pollution and a negative health reaction in trees and in people were also examined. To fulfil this objective the dates of occurrence of tree-ring reductions were compared with the concentration of particulates (PM10) in the atmosphere and also lung disease morbidity in the local population. Two periods of reduced annual tree rings were detected: first from the 1960s to the end of the 1980s (associated with industrial pollution) and more recently the years since 2003. Since 2003 reductions of annual tree rings have increased in parallel with increases in dust pollution. This reaction of trees to dust pollution was immediate. The negative reaction of trees preceded several years of increasing lung disease morbidity. This gives basic evidence to support the argument that tree ring reductions could be used as an early bioindicator for warning against the risk of air pollution. The aim of this work was to determine the periods of reduction in the annual growth of spruce growing near the centre of Rabka-Zdrój and Sucha Beskidzka. In addition, potential associations were sought between the time of occurrence of these periods and changes in air pollution and human disease. © 2018 Paweł Rutkiewicz, published by Sciendo.},

note = {1},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85059572340,

title = {Geomorphological conditions of the location historical ironworks. A contribution to the research based on DEM analysis from LIDAR data},

author = { P. Rutkiewicz and I. Malik},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85059572340&doi=10.2478%2fenviron-2018-0024&partnerID=40&md5=0e8b234f847e759e146fbe29b8ed5e2e},

doi = {10.2478/environ-2018-0024},

issn = {23540079},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Environmental and Socio-Economic Studies},

volume = {6},

number = {4},

pages = {11-21},

publisher = {De Gruyter Open Ltd},

abstract = {The aim of this study was to present the use of the natural elements of the relief of river valleys such as changes in the width of the valley bottom, landforms occurring in the bottom of the valley, differences in height of the valley terraces as favourable for the location of the dam partitioning the bottom of the valley and creating a water reservoir for the requirements of historic metallurgical centres. The research was carried out based on DEM analysis from LiDAR data. Features were chosen in river basins with a rich metallurgical legacy. Analysis of the location of the former ironworks was carried out using Surfer 12 software. Five centres were selected due to the fact that only these are the only centres suitable for research which have survived to this day. Using the shaded relief models and contour coloured maps absolute differences in height between valley levels and other forms of relief occurring in the valley were analyzed, as well as the distribution of individual terrain forms in the designated part of the valley and changes in the width of the valley bottom were analysed in the context of the location of former metallurgical centres. On the basis of the contours of the former water reservoir visible in the valley relief, and using a surface area measurement tool (Surfer software), the range of the area that the reservoir could cover was measured. On the basis of the results obtained, it can be seen that convenient geomorphological conditions were used for the placement of selected weirs and metallurgical ponds which facilitated the damming of the valley. Natural narrowing of the valley bottom, or dunes and hills directly adjacent to the valley floor, were utilised during the construction of the dam. The rivers on which the furnace ponds were constructed are relatively small watercourses, so the weirs created by the constructors are not impressive. Their height is generally in the range of about 2 to 3 metres and their length is from about 120 to 300 metres. Nevertheless, they were effective in allowing sufficient water retention and the creation of furnace ponds with a measured area of about 4.5 ha to about 25 ha. © 2018 Paweł Rutkiewicz et al.},

note = {1},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85057731168,

title = {Can we distinguish between tree-ring eccentricity developed as a result of landsliding and prevailing winds? Consequences for dendrochronological dating},

author = { M. Wistuba and I. Malik and M. Krąpiec},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85057731168&doi=10.1515%2fgeochr-2015-0098&partnerID=40&md5=37d50975be313ef9767920ef0efdb148},

doi = {10.1515/geochr-2015-0098},

issn = {17338387},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Geochronometria},

volume = {45},

number = {1},

pages = {223-234},

publisher = {Sciendo},

abstract = {The aim of our study was to compare patterns of tree-ring eccentricity developed in Nor-way spruce trees as a result of landsliding with the one caused by the prevailing wind (in 2 study sites), and with the normal growth of trees (in 2 reference sites). We sampled 20 trees per study site and 10 per reference site. Two cores were taken from each tree (120 cores in total) from the upslope and downslope, windward and leeward sides of stems. Ring widths measured on opposite sides of stems were compared using the method of percent eccentricity index. Graphs of the index obtained for individual trees were analysed. Statistical indicators were calculated for a percent eccentricity in-dex. Disturbance events were dated and the response index was calculated. The results show that the patterns of eccentricity developed as a result of the prevailing winds and due to landsliding differ from one another and from the reference sites. The results suggest that the impact of the prevailing wind on tree growth is more severe than the impact of landsliding. The difference may result from the slow-moving character of the landslide under study. The results, however, indicate that wind impact should be taken into account in dendrogeomorphic research and that the impact of mass movements should be considered in dendroecological studies on wind. © 2018 M. Wistuba et al.},

note = {9},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85057717504,

title = {Dendrochronological dating as the basis for developing a landslide hazard map - An example from the Western Carpathians, Poland},

author = { K. Łuszczyńska and M. Wistuba and I. Malik and M. Krąpiec and B. Szypuła},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85057717504&doi=10.1515%2fgeochr-2015-0093&partnerID=40&md5=b3abcc20cde6fd153fffe99e02958623},

doi = {10.1515/geochr-2015-0093},

issn = {17338387},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Geochronometria},

volume = {45},

number = {1},

pages = {173-184},

publisher = {Sciendo},

abstract = {Most landslide hazard maps are developed on the basis of an area's susceptibility to a land-slide occurrence, but dendrochronological techniques allows one to develop maps based on past land-slide activity. The aim of the study was to use dendrochronological techniques to develop a landslide hazard map for a large area, covering 3.75 km2. We collected cores from 131 trees growing on 46 sampling sites, measured tree-ring width, and dated growth eccentricity events (which occur when tree rings of different widths are formed on opposite sides of a trunk), recording the landslide events which had occurred over the previous several dozen years. Then, the number of landslide events per decade was calculated at every sampling site. We interpolated the values obtained, added layers with houses and roads, and developed a landslide hazard map. The map highlights areas which are poten-tially safe for existing buildings, roads and future development. The main advantage of a landslide hazard map developed on the basis of dendrochronological data is the possibility of acquiring long se-ries of data on landslide activity over large areas at a relatively low cost. The main disadvantage is that the results obtained relate to the measurement of anatomical changes and the macroscopic charac-teristics of the ring structure occurring in the wood of tilted trees, and these factors merely provide in-direct information about the time of the landslide event occurrence. © 2018 K. Luszczynska et al.},

note = {10},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85026834741,

title = {Mass movements of differing magnitude and frequency in a developing high-mountain area of the Moxi basin, Hengduan Mts, China – A hazard assessment},

author = { I. Malik and M. Wistuba and Y. Tie and P. Owczarek and B. Woskowicz-Ślęzak and K. Łuszczyńska},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85026834741&doi=10.1016%2fj.apgeog.2017.08.003&partnerID=40&md5=71b50d23e556c2991a600755a198cf95},

doi = {10.1016/j.apgeog.2017.08.003},

issn = {01436228},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Applied Geography},

volume = {87},

pages = {54-65},

publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},

abstract = {Assessment and management of mass-movement hazard in developing mountain areas is a significant human problem. It can only be resolved through identifying the background behind the processes, including their magnitude and frequency. However, catchment monitoring is rare and historical records are often fragmentary or absent. In such cases dendrochronology can be one of the most precise methods for dating past mass-movement events. Our study is intended to provide a tree-ring based discussion of hazards caused by mass movements in a developing high-mountain area. The goal is to estimate the frequencies and magnitudes of mass movements of differing origin and scale: large and smaller debris flows, and rockfalls, typically endangering the population of the Moxi basin. On the terraces and slopes of the Xiaohezi gully the ages of 30 spruce trees were determined indicating the date of the last large debris flow moulding terrace levels. On the Daozhao debris cone we determined the dates of the events of smaller debris flows wounding the stems of 43 alder trees. On the Nimatuo Study Site the dates of rockfalls injuring the stems of a sample of 15 alder trees were determined. The results allowed the recurrence intervals of the mass movements observed in each study site to be calculated. During the last 55 years large debris flows originating in the vast, high-elevation and glaciated Xiaohezi catchment occurred every 18 years. During the last 20 years smaller debris flows fed from the mid-sized and medium elevation Daozhao catchment occurred every 7 years. Rockfalls, with a very small and steep source area (Nimatuo Site) occurred every 2.85 years. In general, the level of mass-movement activity in the study area is high. Based on the results from three study sites representing typical mass-movement hazards, the densely inhabited main valley of the Moxi basin is affected by 40 large debris flows, hundreds of smaller debris flows and thousands of single rockfalls per century. The hazard affects as much as 27.07% of developed area of the Moxi basin. However, thanks to sustainable land use, the majority is affected by manageable, high frequency, but middle-to low-magnitude phenomena. © 2017 Elsevier Ltd},

note = {16},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85030717980,

title = {Contemporary adaptation of anthropogenically-transformed river valleys by European beavers Castor fiber (examples from Poland’s Opole Plain and Woźniki-Wieluń Upland) [Współczesne wykorzystanie przez bobra europejskiego Castor fiber antropogenicznie przekształconych dolin rzecznych (przykłady z Równiny Opolskiej i Wyżyny Woźnicko-Wieluńskiej)]},

author = { M. Fajer and I. Malik and J.M. Waga and M. Wistuba and B. Woskowicz-Ślęzak},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85030717980&doi=10.7163%2fPrzG.2017.3.7&partnerID=40&md5=6d5c5b380cd2008c305f128d2736b003},

doi = {10.7163/PrzG.2017.3.7},

issn = {00332143},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Przeglad Geograficzny},

volume = {89},

number = {3},

pages = {467-489},

publisher = {Polska Akademia Nauk},

abstract = {Many of Poland’s valleys resemble those of the Mala Panew and Liswarta (and their tributaries) in featuring the remains of old hydrotechnical infrastructure formerly used by gristmills, steel plants and sawmills. As the importance of water as their main source of energy declined, such earlier industrial plants were gradually closed down, with a steady process of deterioration of hydrotechnical infrastructure then set in train. Beavers were reintroduced into the catchments of the Mala Panew and Liswarta in the 1990s, with the rodents immediately commencing with the adaptation of anthropogenically-transformed habitats to better meet their needs. Against this background, research was conducted to determine: • the number of beaver sites in the river valleys in question, and especially the number within or near disused items of hydrotechnical infrastructure, • the ways in which beavers have “managed“ the infrastructural items in question, •the impact beavers’ activities have had on the environment in the valleys studied. The locations and functions of old items of hydrotechnical infrastructure were determined by reference to archival maps. To assess beavers’ activities, 6 sections of watercourse of lengths 0.5-7 km were selected, with locations of beaver dams and ponds, as well as other traces of activity by the animals, documented and described. With a view to findings being summarized, distinctions were drawn between various methods of adaptation of former hydrotechnical objects by beavers , i.e. 1 - dams built in the channels of regulated rivers, 2- dams built in culverts, 3 -former millrace/water channels (used by gristmills or ironworks) occupied and adapted, 4 -banks of retention ponds occupied, 5 -waters in river channels dammed and basins of old ponds flooded, 6 -banks of ponds serving fire-fighting purposes occupied, 7 -former pond dams restored. Beavers can adapt successfully to -and also themselves adapt -anthropogenically-transformed environments in river valleys. In this regard, the rodents were found to be more eager to occupy the tributaries of the Mala Panew and Liswarta than the rivers themselves. The valleys offer suitable conditions for beavers, given channels that are shallow (of 0.3-0.6 m), slightly sloping (2.2-6.7 m/km), with sandy or sandy-sludgy bottoms, as well as access to deciduous trees growing nearby. Along the Mala Panew and Liswarta themselves, beavers make use of side channels and millraces. Most numerous traces of beavers’ activity were to be observed along forested stretches of the Lenca and Olszynka Valleys, which are found to have been transformed by beavers along 28-35% of their lengths. The animals made instinctive use of relic items of hydrotechnical infrastructure, with an interesting case involving the “restoration” by beavers of old embankments of anthropogenic ponds on the Rów Kokocki and the Lenca. Above beaver ponds (on the Rów Kokocki) or between ponds (on the Olszynka and Lenca), reduced channel slope and increased channel sinuosity contribute to the creation of side channels. Along these sections, transport channels made by beavers are vulnerable to avulsion and the emergence of multi-channel sections of watercourses. © 2017, Polska Akademia Nauk. All rights reserved.},

note = {4},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84964997870,

title = {Activity of slow-moving landslides recorded in eccentric tree rings of Norway spruce trees (Picea Abies Karst.) - An example from the kamienne MTS. (Sudetes MTS., Central Europe)},

author = { I. Malik and M. Wistuba and P. Migoń and M. Fajer},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84964997870&doi=10.1515%2fgeochr-2015-0028&partnerID=40&md5=ecb27a5957bacf1b91b3f3b47af9d24e},

doi = {10.1515/geochr-2015-0028},

issn = {17338387},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Geochronometria},

volume = {43},

number = {1},

pages = {24-37},

publisher = {Walter de Gruyter GmbH},

abstract = {We found ubiquitous evidence of ongoing slope instability by analysing the variability of tree-ring eccentricity index in trees growing on three apparently relict landslide slopes in the Sudetes (Poland; Central Europe). Slow movement of these landslide bodies occurs in the present-day conditions and is recorded almost every year, although with variable intensity. Correlation of dendrochronological record with the rainfall record from a nearby station in Mieroszów for the 1977-2007 period is very poor for two deep-seated rotational slides at Mt Suchawa and Mt Turzyna but considerably better for a shallow flowslide at Mt Garbatka. While this may reflect higher permeability of heavily jointed rocks involved in deep-seated sliding this could be linked with imperfections in the rainfall record. Dendrochronology proved capable of detecting minor displacements within landslides which otherwise show no geomorphic evidence of recent activity. Therefore, claims for the entirely relict nature of the landslides are not substantiated. © 2015 I. Malik et al 2015.},

note = {30},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84924087252,

title = {Coupling between landslides and eroding stream channels reconstructed from spruce tree rings (examples from the Carpathians and Sudetes - Central Europe)},

author = { M. Wistuba and I. Malik and K.J. Wójcicki and P. Michałowicz},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84924087252&doi=10.1002%2fesp.3632&partnerID=40&md5=7d40e55c98efea8dbfbf17da9e48f690},

doi = {10.1002/esp.3632},

issn = {01979337},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Earth Surface Processes and Landforms},

volume = {40},

number = {3},

pages = {293-312},

publisher = {John Wiley and Sons Ltd},

abstract = {The analysis of the positive feedback between landslides and erosion requires determination of the precise temporal and spatial relations between events of colluvium delivery and fluvial erosion. In our study we use decennial datasets on the occurrence of landsliding and erosion achieved through dendrochronological methods. Four sites covering areas of landslide slopes and adjacent valley floors with stream channels were studied. Landsliding on slopes was dated from the tree-ring eccentricity developed in stems tilted due to bedrock instability. Erosion in channels was dated using the wood anatomy of roots exposed by erosion of the soil cover. Analysis of the temporal relations between dated landsliding, erosion and precipitation record has revealed that two types of repeating sequences can be observed: (1) rainfall→landsliding→erosion; (2) rainfall→erosion→landsliding. These sequences are an indication of the occurrence of slope-channel positive feedback in the sites studied. In the first type, landsliding triggered by rainfall delivers colluvia into the valley floor and causes its narrowing, which in turn causes increased erosion. In the second type erosion triggered by rainfall disturbs the slope equilibrium and causes landsliding. Landsliding and erosion, once triggered by precipitation, can occur alternately in years with average precipitation and reinforce one another. Bidirectional coupling between landsliding and channel erosion was shown notably through the effects of channel shifting and forced sinuosity and by increased erosion of the slopes opposite the active landslides. Observations also suggest that the repetition of sequences described over longer periods of time can lead to a general widening of the valley floor at the expense of slopes and to a gradual change of the valley cross-profile from narrow, V-shaped into a wide flat-bottomed. Thus landsliding-erosion coupling/positive feedback was recognized as an important factor shaping hillslope-valley topography of the mid-mountain areas studied. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.},

note = {30},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84946919345,

title = {Erratum: Historical Water-Powered Ferrous Metallurgy Reconstructed from Tree-Rings and Lacustrine Deposits (Mała Panew Basin, Southern Poland)},

author = { I. Malik and M. Wistuba and M. Opała-Owczarek and M. Franek and B. Woskowicz-Ślęzak and G. Mańczyk and C. Tyrol},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84946919345&doi=10.1515%2fgeochr-2015-0014&partnerID=40&md5=dd4b3a40a0d22c13f261e2a45cb28d31},

doi = {10.1515/geochr-2015-0014},

issn = {17338387},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Geochronometria},

volume = {42},

number = {1},

pages = {158-},

publisher = {Walter de Gruyter GmbH},

abstract = {[No abstract available]},

note = {1},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84934882194,

title = {Historical water-powered ferrous metallurgy reconstructed from tree-rings and lacustrine deposits (Mała Panew basin, southern Poland)},

author = { I. Malik and M. Wistuba and M. Opała-Owczarek and M. Franek and B. Woskowicz-Ślęzak and G. Mańczyk and C. Tyrol},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84934882194&doi=10.1515%2fgeochr-2015-0004&partnerID=40&md5=e612915186288f72e8d32eb4672b37ef},

doi = {10.1515/geochr-2015-0004},

issn = {17338387},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Geochronometria},

volume = {42},

number = {1},

pages = {79-90},

publisher = {Walter de Gruyter GmbH},

abstract = {According to historical sources in the basin of Mała Panew River there were at least 56 water-powered iron smelters from 14th-19th century. Now only two metallurgy plants work in the area. Many of the former smelting settlements ceased to exist. Historical data on the smelting industry in the area are often scarce. The aim of the study was to reconstruct the history of ferrous metallurgy from (1) the remains of wooden historical buildings, (2) remains of charcoal kilns and (3) deposits from former smelter pond. Results show that Regolowiec smelting settlement existed already in the 17th century (at least several decades earlier than historical written sources suggest) and was later re-paired after destruction caused probably by floods. Charcoal used for iron smelting in the ironworks in Brusiek on the Mała Panew River was burnt at the turn of the 18th century. This is in accordance with historical sources indicating particular prosperity of the metallurgy in that period. Upstream of the ironworks in Brusiek in the first half of the 17th century a large pond existed flooding the floor of the Mała Panew valley. Study has shown that the pond was at least 100 years older than historical sources have indicated. © 2015 2015.},

note = {9},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84902001318,

title = {Geomorphological, pedological and dendrochronological signatures of a relict landslide terrain, Mt Garbatka (Kamienne Mts), SW Poland},

author = { P. Migoń and A. Kacprzak and I. Malik and M. Kasprzak and P. Owczarek and M. Wistuba and T. Pánek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84902001318&doi=10.1016%2fj.geomorph.2014.05.005&partnerID=40&md5=6e478ec9b023b1460c257945e00b1b03},

doi = {10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.05.005},

issn = {0169555X},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-01-01},

journal = {Geomorphology},

volume = {219},

pages = {213-231},

publisher = {Elsevier},

abstract = {In the Kamienne Mountains the largest concentration of apparently relict landslides in the Sudetes range occurs. On the northern slopes of Mt Garbatka mass movements re-shaped two adjacent slope hollows and a wide depositional area is located down the valley. The main landslide body is nearly 1. km long and 200-300. m wide. Its flattened surface morphology and the occurrence of large dispersed allochtonous boulders in the distal part suggests a flow-like movement, initiated by shallow translational slides in the upper slopes. The thickness of colluvium, determined by an ERT survey, may reach 10. m. Geomorphic signatures of mass movement are subdued, suggesting that considerable time has elapsed since the origin of the landslide and that large-scale mass movements are likely pre-Holocene in age. This is consistent with the results of an extensive soil survey within the landslide body and on the surrounding slopes. Similarity of soil properties and well-developed horizonation of profiles both within the landslide and outside it shows that no major disturbance has taken place during the soil formation period. Dendrogeomorphological research, in turn, yielded evidence of numerous growth disturbances recorded in tree rings of Norway spruce growing on the landslide body. These signals are interpreted that the slope surface is not entirely stable under current environmental conditions. Flow or creep of landslide material is not very likely, given the characteristics of cover materials, and it is hypothesized that dendrochronological signals develop in response to ground deformation through piping and throughflow. Landslide hazard in the valley below Mt Garbatka appears low at present but to claim complete stability would be premature. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {45},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84896782363,

title = {Erratum: Human-planted alder trees as a protection against debris flows (A dendrochronological study from the Moxi basin, Southwestern China) (GEOCHRONOMETRIA 40(3) 2013: 208-216: DOI 10.2478/s13386-013-0113-x)},

author = { I. Malik and Y. Tie and P. Owczarek and M. Wistuba and W. Pilorz and B. Woskowicz-Ślęzak},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84896782363&doi=10.2478%2fs13386-013-0117-6&partnerID=40&md5=afd65ce490b270fa58e53976f8a6e925},

doi = {10.2478/s13386-013-0117-6},

issn = {17338387},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-01-01},

journal = {Geochronometria},

volume = {41},

number = {1},

pages = {111-},

abstract = {[No abstract available]},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84897054733,

title = {Flood-plain responses to contemporary climate change in small High-Arctic basins (Svalbard, Norway)},

author = { P. Owczarek and A.P. Nawrot and K. Migała and I. Malik and B. Korabiewski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84897054733&doi=10.1111%2fbor.12061&partnerID=40&md5=f512418e7dcff4e06b0cd409de7ebd0f},

doi = {10.1111/bor.12061},

issn = {03009483},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-01-01},

journal = {Boreas},

volume = {43},

number = {2},

pages = {384-402},

publisher = {Blackwell Publishing Ltd},

abstract = {Changes in the supply of water and sediment to high-latitude rivers related to contemporary climate change and glacier fluctuations largely determine the activity of fluvial processes. This study reconstructs fluvial dynamics since the end of the Little Ice Age (LIA) in two small, partially glaciated basins in the southern part of Spitsbergen, Svalbard Archipelago. We use a combination of aerial photograph interpretation, field mapping and dendrochronological analysis. Sequences of abandoned channels and glacifluvial terraces are distinctly visible in middle and lower parts of the Brattegg and Arie basins in this area. The advance of glaciers during the LIA in the upper part of the basins led to the development of a braiding pattern and to channel aggradation corresponding to the highest glacifluvial levels. The decreasing activity of these braidplains occurred at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, immediately prior to a significant incision period. A second generation of braided channels developed during the first half of the 20th century. Ice-marginal lake development, less input of fine-grained sediment to the river channel, and fast incision began from the second half of the 20th century onward. During the last two decades, the main fluvial response to the climatic warming has been contraction of flow within a narrower channel and the abandonment of braidplains. The increased lateral erosion and rate of downcutting and the formation of the most downstream reaches of the modern valley bottom occurred in the 1980s and 1990s. This process was intensified under flood conditions generated by extreme rainfall events. These micro-scale (small partially glaciated basins) observations concerning the changes of the activity of fluvial processes since the end of LIA may be helpful for the reconstruction of past fluvial changes over longer time scales. © 2014 Collegium Boreas. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.},

note = {29},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84882837163,

title = {Application of eccentric growth of trees as a tool for landslide analyses: The example of Picea abies Karst. in the Carpathian and Sudeten Mountains (Central Europe)},

author = { M. Wistuba and I. Malik and H. Gärtner and P. Kojs and P. Owczarek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84882837163&doi=10.1016%2fj.catena.2013.06.027&partnerID=40&md5=2684b81faad61f8a086dc8e10f730c03},

doi = {10.1016/j.catena.2013.06.027},

issn = {03418162},

year  = {2013},

date = {2013-01-01},

journal = {Catena},

volume = {111},

pages = {41-55},

abstract = {A method based on dendrochronology was developed to analyse the spatial and temporal variability of landslide activity as an alternative and complement to methods such as field monitoring of landslide relief, aerial-photography, and remote sensing. The method involves a feature of wood anatomy, tree-ring eccentricity, which is used in the dating procedure. The degree of eccentricity is used as an indicator of the intensity of the mechanical stress affecting a tree stem in a certain year. The objective was to develop a mathematical indicator of tree-ring eccentricity for dating the recent dynamics of landslides. A method presented in the paper is also designed for practical application in detecting initial landslide activity and allowing the determination of triggering factors. The index developed is dimensionless and for this reason is independent of the absolute ring variations of the single trees analysed. Using reference results (from stable slopes) as thresholds in dating an objective method for detecting landslide activity was developed. The method was used in the Carpathian and Sudeten Mountains on three landslides with different sizes and geological settings. It was found that the values of eccentricity index in trees growing on stable slopes rarely exceed at ±. 100%, while in trees growing on landslides they can reach hundreds to thousands per cent. A spatial analysis of the eccentricity values conducted for a single landslide has revealed that the method developed allows one to identify areas of landslide activation and to observe the down- or upslope propagation of instability. A comparison of the results obtained regarding the precipitation record has shown that, by using the method that has been developed, it is possible to detect past mass-movement episodes caused by heavy, long-term rainfall as well as by single, short-lasting but torrential downpours. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {54},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84897042289,

title = {Reconstruction of modern debris flow activity in the arctic environment with the use of dwarf shrubs (south-western Spitsbergen) - A new dendrochronological approach},

author = { P. Owczarek and A. Latocha and M. Wistuba and I. Malik},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84897042289&doi=10.1127%2f0372-8854%2f2013%2fS-00145&partnerID=40&md5=aff2f7932c7f8b005c3aca8d2027e773},

doi = {10.1127/0372-8854/2013/S-00145},

issn = {03728854},

year  = {2013},

date = {2013-01-01},

journal = {Zeitschrift fur Geomorphologie},

volume = {57},

pages = {75-95},

publisher = {E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung},

abstract = {The aim of the paper is to show the potential of tundra dwarf shrubs in dendrochronological reconstructions of debris flow activity in the High Arctic. The preliminary studies with the use of Salix polaris and Salix reticulata in dating debris flow activity were conducted on selected study sites in the south-western Spitsbergen. Wood anatomy characteristics of shrubs, such as: the number of growth rings in collected specimens, the presence reaction wood and scars were evaluated for their potential in temporal reconstructions in geomorphology. The age of dwarf shrubs can be determined by counting the number of growth rings on cross sections of wooden stems. Cross sections were made on the border between branch systems and roots. The age of shrubs studied indirectly mark the minimal time, which passed since the last episode of debris flow on the studied surface. Analyses of reaction wood and scars can only support the dating of debris flows, because these anatomic features can also be developed as results of snow creeping or animal activities. There is a possibility of dating the periods of intensification in debris flow activity with the use of dendrochronology and dwarf shrubs, and with the one-year precision. The comparison of the time of debris flow occurrence with meteorological data, may, in future, allow determining the conditions of debris flow development in the High Arctic. © 2013 Gebrüder Borntraeger Verlagsbuchhandlung.},

note = {21},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84896741364,

title = {Human-planted alder trees as a protection against debris flows (a dendrochronological study from the Moxi Basin, Southwestern China)},

author = { I. Malik and Y. Tie and P. Owczarek and M. Wistuba and W. Pilorz and B. Woskowicz-Ślęzak},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84896741364&doi=10.2478%2fs13386-013-0113-x&partnerID=40&md5=e8d28a464852424d01881f82a035d945},

doi = {10.2478/s13386-013-0113-x},

issn = {17338387},

year  = {2013},

date = {2013-01-01},

journal = {Geochronometria},

volume = {40},

number = {3},

pages = {208-216},

publisher = {Springer Verlag},

abstract = {Large debris flows have destroyed the infrastructure and caused the death of people living in the Moxi Basin (Sichuan Province; Southwestern China). Inhabitants of the Moxi Basin live on the flat surfaces of debris-flow fans, which are also attractive for farming. During the monsoon season debris flows are being formed above the fans. Debris flows can destroy the houses of any people liv-ing within the fan surfaces. In order to prevent the adverse effects of flows, people plant alder trees (Alnus nepalensis) at the mouths of debris flow gullies running above debris flow fans. Alders are able to capture the debris transported during flow events. Trees are well adapted to surviving in con-ditions of environmental stress connected with abrupt transport and deposition of sediment from de-bris flows. Numerous wounds, tilting and bending of alder trees caused by debris flows only very rarely cause the death of trees. By dating scars and dating the time of alder tilting (through the analy-sis of annual rings), we have determined the frequency of debris flows occurring at the mouth of the Daozhao valley. In 1980-2012 within the studied debris-flow fan and the Daozhao gully, 2 large de-bris flow events occurred (1996; 2005) and some smaller events were probably recorded every 2-3 years. © 2013 Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland.},

note = {5},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84863921815,

title = {Dendrochronological methods for reconstructing mass movements -an example of landslide activity analysis using tree-ring eccentricity},

author = { I. Malik and M. Wistuba},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84863921815&doi=10.2478%2fs13386-012-0005-5&partnerID=40&md5=541f531357006a75db32b6a80874411e},

doi = {10.2478/s13386-012-0005-5},

issn = {17338387},

year  = {2012},

date = {2012-01-01},

journal = {Geochronometria},

volume = {39},

number = {3},

pages = {180-196},

abstract = {Dendrochronological methods can be applied to the reconstruction of different types of en-vironmental events such as climate changes, fires, glacier movements, floods, earthquakes, volcano activity. In the field of geomorphology dendrochronology is increasingly frequently used for the abso-lute dating of different types of mass-movements (rock falls; landslides and debris flows; etc.). Trees growing on slopes transformed by mass-movements are tilted and wounded while their stems and root systems are exposed or buried under sediment. These events are recorded in wood anatomy as eccen-tric growth, reaction wood, scar overgrowth by callous tissue, changes in cell size or adventitious root production. Dating changes in wood anatomy allows to date and precisely reconstruct the spatial and temporal occurrence of mass-movements with at least one year resolution. The paper provides a re-view of existing dendrochronological tools used in geomorphology and also an example of the appli-cation of eccentric tree-growth to reconstruct landsliding. Using tree-ring eccentricity allows to (1) obtain a dynamic depiction of slopes, (2) study landslide activity, not only contemporary, but also in the last tens of hundreds of years (depending on the stand age). © 2012 Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland.},

note = {41},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84862164784,

title = {Scots pine (pinus sylvestris L.) growth suppression and adverse effects on human health due to air pollution in the upper Silesian Industrial District (USID), southern Poland},

author = { I. Malik and M. Danek and E. Marchwińska-Wyrwał and T. Danek and M. Wistuba and M. Krąpiec},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84862164784&doi=10.1007%2fs11270-012-1114-8&partnerID=40&md5=3bf86e8c87cc4f5df9eac00cc659ea6a},

doi = {10.1007/s11270-012-1114-8},

issn = {00496979},

year  = {2012},

date = {2012-01-01},

journal = {Water, Air, and Soil Pollution},

volume = {223},

number = {6},

pages = {3345-3364},

publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},

abstract = {Air pollution emissions were not continually monitored in the Upper Silesian Industrial District (USID), southern Poland, and data is only available for the last 20 years. Long-lasting and severe tree ring reductions in pines growing 5-20 km north of the USID area recorded particularly high levels of air pollution emissions in the period 1950-1990. Especially high amounts of reductions and many missing rings were found in the period 1964-1981. At the same time, pines growing 60 km west of the USID do not record deep ring reductions; this proves that the phenomenon is of a regional nature. Increases in infant mortality and lung, bronchial, and tracheal cancer morbidity rates among males were also recorded in the USID during periods of high air pollution. Infant mortality rates increased several years after the tree ring reductions. Therefore, it may be possible to use tree ring reductions as an early indicator of the occurrence of adverse effects on human health. © The Author(s) 2012.},

note = {33},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84867238988,

title = {Eccentricity index of tree rings - A tool for indentification of contemporary landsliding [Indeks dekoncentryczności przyrostów rocznych drzew - Narzedzie do identyfikacji współczesnych ruchów osuwiskowych]},

author = { M. Wistuba and I. Malik},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84867238988&partnerID=40&md5=98896ca5b3bb7b9d344ae3169d70976d},

issn = {00459453},

year  = {2011},

date = {2011-01-01},

journal = {Czasopismo Geograficzne},

volume = {82},

number = {4},

pages = {401-421},

publisher = {Polish Geographical Society},

abstract = {Stem shapes and tree-ring width were examined in spruces (Picea abies) growing on landslide-affected slopes in Moravskoslezské Beskydy (Western Carpathians; Czech Republic). In contrast to spruce trees growing on a stable slope, they are tilted upslope - in the upper parts of slopes, while in the near-channel zone they are bent downslope. It was found that on the underside of stems, influenced by gravity, wider tree rings are produced. The first years of tree-ring eccentricity were identified as the period of the initiation/reactivation of landsliding. In order to date them dendrochronologically, the eccentricity index of tree rings [%] and its yearly variation [%] were used. The proposed method of dendrogeomorphic analysis of landslides enables one to obtain the dynamic description of slopes and to study landslide activity, not only contemporary one, but also in the past. Depending on the stand age, it is possible to study the last tens to hundreds of years. Percent eccentricity index enables one to present and compare the intensity of mass movements between individual trees, study sites and landslide slopes - contrary to the reaction wood analyses - so far popular dendrogeomorphic method. Using eccentricity index and its yearly variation, it is possible to determine the presence of contemporary landsliding on slopes, to study its temporal and spatial variability and to outline the zone with domination of mass movements induced by fluvial erosion. The proposed method can be used in practice, in identification of contemporary active landslides, which can threaten existing or planned infrastructure and facilities.},

note = {5},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-78349309872,

title = {Complex landslide terrain in the Kamienne Mountains, Middle Sudetes, SW Poland},

author = { P. Migoń and T. Pánek and I. Malik and J. Hrádeckỳ and P. Owczarek and K. Šilhán},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-78349309872&doi=10.1016%2fj.geomorph.2010.09.024&partnerID=40&md5=5968a089136372424af4810a0c2ba78c},

doi = {10.1016/j.geomorph.2010.09.024},

issn = {0169555X},

year  = {2010},

date = {2010-01-01},

journal = {Geomorphology},

volume = {124},

number = {3-4},

pages = {200-214},

abstract = {Dense forest hides a complex landslide terrain in the Kamienne Mountains, a part of the Sudetes range in Central Europe. Combined geomorphological, geophysical and dendrochronological research was carried out in three representative localities in order to decipher patterns of landslide evolution, to determine the extent of slope deformations, and to assess the contemporary activity of landslide terrain. Field mapping revealed the very complex nature of slope failures, both in space and time. Deep-seated sliding was the principal type of movement, and was followed by rock wall retreat by fall in the depletion zone and earthflows in the toe area. Electric resistivity survey proved useful in constraining geometry of landslide units and suggests an occurrence of underground voids in the Lesista landslide area. Dendrochronological research focused on tree-ring reduction, reaction wood, wound and scar analysis that helped to unravel the pattern of debris supply and movement subsequent to the main events, which includes free fall, talus creep, and sliding over snow cover. Today, landslide complexes are at different stages of evolution. Whereas in some places the activity has been largely completed, in others we have found the evidence for failure surfaces ready to accommodate movement. Hence, although some landslides may be relict, it is unjustified to extend this notion to all signs of hillslope instability in the area. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {54},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-83255185563,

title = {Atmospheric pollution emitted by industrial plants located in the northern part of Silesian Upland recorded in Scots Pine tree rings [Zanieczyszczenie atmosfery przez zakłady przemysłowe położone w północnej czȩści wyżyny Śla̧skiej Zapisane w Przyrostach rocznych sosny Zwyczajnej]},

author = { I. Malik and M. Danek and T. Danek and M. Krąpiec and M. Wistuba},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-83255185563&partnerID=40&md5=731cbe39b8a04ada6b6da245b14a4d97},

issn = {00459453},

year  = {2009},

date = {2009-01-01},

journal = {Czasopismo Geograficzne},

volume = {80},

number = {4},

pages = {257-274},

publisher = {Polish Geographical Society},

abstract = {Pines growing close to Tarnowskie Góry Chemical Plant and Miasteczko Śla̧skie Zinc Foundry produced reduced tree rings from 1950 to 1990 when compared with pines growing 60 km from the factories. Tree ring reductions occurred concurrently with the operation of the chemical plant and zinc foundry. Ring widths of the sampled pines are inversely proportional to the sulphur dioxide emissions from the Miasteczko Śla̧skie Zinc Foundry and the volume of production in the Tarnowskie Góry Chemical Plant. This demonstrates that the growth of trees was suppressed by emissions from the factories. Pines growing close to the zinc foundry started to produce reduced rings in 1965 and tree rings were very heavily suppressed in the 1970s. Reductions were noted from the time when the zinc foundry started to operate up until the present day. Reduced rings in 2000-2009 are produced by pines growing close to the zinc foundry and also those growing at a distance of 60 km from it. This indicates that ring reductions in 2000-2009 are not necessarily the effect of pollution emissions by the foundry. Tarnowskie Góry Chemical Plant emitted atmospheric pollution as early as 1925-1930 and as a result large tree ring reductions and many missing rings were identifed in cores collected from pines growing close to the chemical plant. Tree ring reductions and missing rings occurred from 1955 to 1985 in pines growing close to the chemical plant. Pines have started to produce relatively wide rings since 1985 when the volume of production in the chemical plant rapidly decreased. This indicates that the plant reduced harmful emissions to the atmosphere from this date onwards.},

note = {3},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-75149191900,

title = {Dendrochronological records of debris flow and avalanche activity in a mid-mountain forest zone (Eastern sudetes - Central Europe)},

author = { I. Malik and P. Owczarek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-75149191900&doi=10.2478%2fv10003-009-0011-7&partnerID=40&md5=0fe65b67208ff1a3249ee6a48b9dee46},

doi = {10.2478/v10003-009-0011-7},

issn = {17338387},

year  = {2009},

date = {2009-01-01},

journal = {Geochronometria},

volume = {34},

number = {1},

pages = {57-66},

abstract = {Dendrochronological methods were used to determine the frequency of debris flow/avalanche events in a forest zone. A debris flow and avalanche track located in the Eastern Sudetes Mountains (Central Europe) was analysed. The length of the youngest debris flow/avalanche track is about 750 m. Three distinct sections of the debris flow can be identified along the longitudinal section: niche, gully and tongue. The dendrochronological study shows that trees started growing on the margins of the debris flow between 1908 and 1963. Hence, debris flow and/or avalanche events occurred on this slope at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. All trees collected from the tongue started growing between 1935 and 1964. However, a large debris flow event took place several years before, most probably during an extraordinary rainfall in June 1921. Following this event, several relatively large debris flows have occurred during the growing season, the strongest dendrochronologically confirmed events occurring in 1968, 1971-1972, 1991, 1997 and probably in 1977. Spring debris flow events induced by snow melt and/or avalanches have occurred in 1994 and 2004. The results suggest that with favourable geological conditions, debris flows can occur very frequently within entirely forested slopes.},

note = {40},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-45149089294,

title = {Bank erosion history of a mountain stream determined by means of anatomical changes in exposed tree roots over the last 100 years (Bílá Opava River - Czech Republic)},

author = { I. Malik and M. Matyja},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-45149089294&doi=10.1016%2fj.geomorph.2007.02.030&partnerID=40&md5=c1d9a02d79e31b7a4e80571b3cb0d323},

doi = {10.1016/j.geomorph.2007.02.030},

issn = {0169555X},

year  = {2008},

date = {2008-01-01},

journal = {Geomorphology},

volume = {98},

number = {1-2},

pages = {126-142},

abstract = {The date of exposure of spruce roots as a result of bank erosion was investigated on the Bílá Opava River in the northeastern Czech Republic. Following the exposure of roots, wood cells in the tree rings divide into early wood and late wood. Root cells within the tree rings also become smaller and more numerous. These processes permit dating of the erosion episodes in which roots were exposed. Sixty root samples were taken from seven sampling sites selected on two riverbed reaches. The results of root exposure dating were compared to historical data on hydrological flooding. Using the root exposure dating method, several erosion episodes were recorded for the last 100 years. The greatest bank erosion was recorded as consequence of an extraordinary flood in July 1997. In the upper, rocky part of the valley studied, bank erosion often took place during large floods that occurred in the early 20th century. In the lower, alluvial part of the valley, erosion in the exposed roots was recorded only in 1973 and has been intensive ever since. It is suggested that banks in the lower part are more frequently undercut, which leads to the falling of trees within whose roots older erosion episodes were recorded. Locally, bank erosion is often intensified by the position of 1- to 2-m boulders in the riverbed, which direct water into the parts of the banks where erosion occurs. Selective bank erosion could be intensified by debris dams and hillslope material supply to the riverbed. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},

note = {44},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-35948994665,

title = {Dating of small gully formation and establishing erosion rates in old gullies under forest by means of anatomical changes in exposed tree roots (Southern Poland)},

author = { I. Malik},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-35948994665&doi=10.1016%2fj.geomorph.2007.03.007&partnerID=40&md5=babf74727f67aa8b4682cd6f2deef568},

doi = {10.1016/j.geomorph.2007.03.007},

issn = {0169555X},

year  = {2008},

date = {2008-01-01},

journal = {Geomorphology},

volume = {93},

number = {3-4},

pages = {421-436},

abstract = {Small gullies occur in forested gully systems on the undulating loess plateau in southern Poland. The old gully hillslopes are mainly covered with 200-year old beech trees in contrast with the surface of the summit plateau, which is cultivated agricultural land. Beech roots are exposed in the gullies through erosion. Wood vessels in the root tree rings divide into early wood and late wood and, after the roots are exposed, start to make fewer vessels. These anatomical changes in root tree rings allow us to date erosion episodes. Small gullies form in a different manner on the valley floor and on hillslopes. In valley bottoms, erosion features are often formed at some distance from one another, and in time small gullies combine to form a single, longer one. Depending on local conditions, such as the hillslope profile, hillslopes may exhibit headward erosion or may be eroded downwards. Hilllope gullies may be transformed into side valleys as a result of gradual widening and deepening. Dating the exposure of roots indicates that small gullies had already formed in the valley system by 1949. Intensive gully erosion was recorded between 1984 and 2002, during intense precipitation in 1984 and, of particular note, during the extraordinary flood of 1997 which affected all of Central Europe. The mean rate of small gully erosion in the old gully system studied is 0.63 m/year. On hillslopes the mean gully erosion rate is 0.21-0.52 m/year, and on the valley bottoms 0.18-1.98 m/year. High bottom erosion rates resulted from the emergence of long gullies during the erosion episodes in 1984 and 1997. Sheet flow in valley floors intensifies at times of heavy rainfall which causes long gullies to form. Taking into account the fact that conditions favoured erosion, the rate at which the old gullies under forest were transformed should be considered slow. New side gullies form slowly within the valley and it appears that if erosion progressed at the rate observed, new side valleys would take a few hundred years to form. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},

note = {55},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-38749086850,

title = {Dendrochronological records of the floodplain morphology transformation of Desná River Valley in the last 150 years, the Hrubý Jeseník Mts. (Czech Republic)},

author = { M. Hrádek and I. Malik},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-38749086850&partnerID=40&md5=f8eb17cc713c52b98fb79a97a85b647f},

issn = {12108812},

year  = {2007},

date = {2007-01-01},

journal = {Moravian Geographical Reports},

volume = {15},

number = {3},

pages = {2-10},

abstract = {A system of palaeochannels, covered with trees, was discovered in the floodplain of the Desná River Valley. In the course of previous floods, new erosion channels were formed and gradually forested. Trees were wounded or even killed by transported boulders, gravel or ice floes. As a result, ring reductions and abrupt growth releases occur in tree trunks. Eight cores and two root samples from trees growing in the floodplain were taken to investigate the origin of the palaeochannels, as well as the floods and erosion events occurring in the same period. The results of these dendrochronological investigations were compared with historical and hydrological data. These analyses have shown that the palaeochannel system was probably formed during the great flood in 1897. The morphology of palaeochannels was changed during the floods of 1921, when a lot of trees were killed and abrupt growth releases occur within surviving tree trunks. Tree ring reductions occurred after the floods in 1938 and 1947. Dendrochronological results suggest that the river floodplain was transformed in the first half of the 1950s, as well as in the second half of the 1960s. River floodplain transformation took place most recently in 1997, when the flood eroded the channel banks and exposed some tree root systems.},

note = {8},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-34548660777,

title = {A dendrochronological record of erosional processes in the channel of mountain streams near check dams as exemplified by the Černy Potok (Jeseniki - Eastern Sudetes) [Dendrochronologiczny zapis erozji koryt potoków górskich w sasiedztwie zapór przeciwrumowiskowych na przykłdadzie Černego Potoku (Jeseniki - Sudety Wschodnie)]},

author = { I. Malik and P. Owczarek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-34548660777&partnerID=40&md5=10f8bbb0aff8c10ebd31d93107aba8bc},

issn = {00332143},

year  = {2007},

date = {2007-01-01},

journal = {Przeglad Geograficzny},

volume = {79},

number = {2},

pages = {313-334},

abstract = {The system of 5 check dams was built in the forested upper reaches of the Černy Potok River in the 1920s and 1930s in the aftermath of a natural disaster connected with the major floods occurring at the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th century. The check dams have brought about a change in the course of natural fluvial processes in the Černy Potok. Accumulation of sediment occurs upstream of the dams, whereas intensive erosion is observed downstream. Spruces growing on the valley floor are wounded by transported material during floods and these episodes are followed by ring reductions in stems. The roots of trees growing on the valley floor have been exposed as a result of erosion, exposure being followed by changes in anatomical features of roots. Dating of tree-ring reductions and root exposures allows for the times of date erosional and depositional episodes in the Černy Potok riverbed to be determined. The river channel was transformed intensively transformed in 1921, 1971, 1978-1979, 1984-1987 and 1997-1989. The check dams became filled with organic and mineral sediment over a period of 50-60 years. There are no simultaneous erosional and depositional episodes in individual check dams, this fact being connected with: (i) the nature of the movement of coarse-grained fluvial sediment in the mountain stream (transport over short distances) and (ii) the supply of fresh sediment into the river channel from cut-bank sections which are located between the dams.},

note = {1},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-66149084425,

title = {The influence of fluvial processes in a meandering river to riparian black alders form-growth, Mała Panew River, Silesian lowland [Forma nadrzecznych olsz czarnych jako efekt wpływu procesów fluwialnych rzeki meandrujacej, rzeka mała panew, nizina ślaska]},

author = { D. Ciszewski and I. Malik and O. Rahmonov},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-66149084425&partnerID=40&md5=622e18f9a8b5d2a85f91831ebd3dc47b},

issn = {00459453},

year  = {2007},

date = {2007-01-01},

journal = {Czasopismo Geograficzne},

volume = {78},

number = {4},

pages = {324-338},

publisher = {Polish Geographical Society},

abstract = {The influence of fluvial processes in a meandering river to riparian black alders form-growth, Mala Panew River, Silesian Lowland The Maia Panew is a meandering river that flows for 20 km through a closed forest. The bottom of the valley is covered by sands of different grain size and the channel migrates laterally about 0,5 m/ year. Therefore, riparian alders are under the influence of bank erosion and their growth-forms are evaluated. Black alders growing on undercut banks are mostly leaned and their stems are bent, usually having exposed root systems. Clumps of alders growing on the concave banks number several stems, the stems are 1/3 less in diameter than alders growing near straight or convex banks. The clumps growing on banks shaped by erosion are protruding in the middle of the river channel. Alders produce clumps with extended root systems because this helps the plant to obtain stability in opposite to individual stems. Numerous alders growing along straight banks have exposed roots systems and strongly bent stems to take shape of a hook. The stem hooks are formed due to long-term erosion around their root systems. As a result of this process, the stem gradually bends under its own weight in the conditions of laterally stable channel. The alders growing at a distance of 5-15 meters from convex banks often have similar shapes to the trees present on the straight and concave bank. The similarity is caused by progressive lateral erosion and apparent movement of tree lines away from a channel bank.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-33749139713,

title = {Gully erosion dating by means of anatomical changes in exposed roots (Proboszczowicka plateau, southern Poland)},

author = { I. Malik},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33749139713&partnerID=40&md5=6ca044c95fad71e63c6195f553d8f0af},

issn = {17338387},

year  = {2006},

date = {2006-01-01},

journal = {Geochronometria},

volume = {25},

pages = {57-66},

abstract = {Re-incision occurs in gullies in the undulating loess plateau in southern Poland. The gully hillslopes are mainly covered with beech trees. The beech roots are exposed in the gullies through erosion. The wood cells in the root tree rings divide into early wood and late wood, and after the roots are exposed, they start to make fewer cells. Dolomites and limestones lying under the loess cover are transported and wound the tree roots. As a result of this process on the border between exposed and unexposed tree rings in the tree roots, scars sometimes occur. These anatomical changes in root tree rings allow to date erosion episodes with one year accuracy. Dating of the exposure of roots indicates that intensive gully erosion in the studied gully started in the 1970s. Since that time, numerous extreme rainfall events responsible for initiating erosion have also occurred. The bottom of the valley head eroded during extreme rainfall events in 1984 and 1991. Erosion here alternates with deposition, its rate being relatively small. Incisions in hillslopes retreated during the flood in 1997, but they originated during earlier rainfall episodes. Hillslope undercutting occurring in the lower part of the gully was formed during older erosion episodes in 1971 and 1984.},

note = {19},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-33749078811,

title = {Contribution to understanding the historical evolution of meandering rivers using dendrochronological methods: Example of the Mała Panew River in southern Poland},

author = { I. Malik},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33749078811&doi=10.1002%2fesp.1331&partnerID=40&md5=58b92f81d3872ab46de0d9848033da70},

doi = {10.1002/esp.1331},

issn = {01979337},

year  = {2006},

date = {2006-01-01},

journal = {Earth Surface Processes and Landforms},

volume = {31},

number = {10},

pages = {1227-1245},

abstract = {The Mała Panew is a meandering river that flows 20 km through a closed forest. During times of high discharge the riverbed and floodplain are transformed under the influence of riparian trees. The changes provide the opportunity to measure the intensity of erosion and sediment accumulation based on tree ages, the dating of coarse woody debris (CWD) in the riverbed, and the dating of eccentric growth of tilting trees and exposed roots. The bed and floodplain in reaches of the Mała Panew River with low banks were greatly altered as a result of long periods of flooding between 1960 and 1975. Banks were undercut during these floods and black alders tilted. Those parts of alder crowns or stems which tilt and sink generate small sand shadows. When erosion is intensive alder clumps are undercut from concave banks and become mid-channel islands, while on the other side of the channel meandering bar levels are created. The reaches with higher banks were altered by large floods, especially in 1985 and 1997. The concave banks are undercut and sediment with CWD is deposited within the riverbed, forming sand shadows behind the CWD. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.},

note = {32},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-33745633123,

title = {Gully erosion recorded in anatomical changes in exposed roots in permanent gullies (southern Poland) [Erozja wawozowa zapisana w odsłanianych korzeniach drzew na Wysoczyźnie Proboszczowickiej pod Góra św. Anny]},

author = { I. Malik},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33745633123&partnerID=40&md5=8652e8161ad4d28798e7831825565340},

issn = {00332151},

year  = {2006},

date = {2006-01-01},

journal = {Przeglad Geologiczny},

volume = {54},

number = {4},

pages = {326-332},

abstract = {Erosion occurs in permanent gullies cutting into the undulating loess plateau in southern Poland. The gully slopes are mainly vegetated with beech trees as opposed to the surface of the plateau summit, which is cultivated agricultural land, devoid of forests for at least 18 centuries [od 18 wieków czy od XVIII wieku - czyli "since 1700s"?]. Beech roots are exposed in the gullies through erosion. Wood cells in the tree rings divide into early wood and late wood and, after the roots are exposed, also start to make fewer cells. In the roots on the border between exposed and unexposed tree rings in the tree roots, scars sometimes occur. This is an effect produced by corrasion by dolomites and limestones lying under the loess cover and re-deposition of building material stored by people in the higher part of the gullies. These anatomical changes in root tree rings allow one to date erosion episodes. Dating of the exposure of roots indicates that intensive erosion took place in the gullies starting in the 1980s. Since that time, numerous extreme rainfall events responsible for initiating erosion have also occurred. They contribute to deepening valleys causing new incisions to develop on hillslopes and headcut retreat in upper parts of the valleys studied at the Wysoczyna Proboszczowicka near Góra św. Anny. The bottom of the valley head eroded during extreme rainfall events in 1984 and 1991. Erosion here alternates with deposition, its speed being relatively small. Incisions in hill slopes retreated during the flood in 1997, but they originated during earlier rainfall episodes. Such incisions retreat 2.5-3 m/year, i.e., relatively fast.},

note = {2},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-35548975089,

title = {Role of trees in the morphological evolution of loess gullies in case of Proboszczowicka Plateau (Silesian Upland - southern Poland) [Rola drzew w kształtowaniu dna i zboczy wawozów na przykładzie systemu wawozowego Wysoczyzny Proboszczowickiej (Wyżyna Ślaska)]},

author = { I. Malik and I. Gerold},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-35548975089&partnerID=40&md5=066bc7aa90ecbee316fa8f891787c5d4},

issn = {00459453},

year  = {2006},

date = {2006-01-01},

journal = {Czasopismo Geograficzne},

volume = {77},

number = {4},

pages = {327-342},

publisher = {University of Wroclaw},

abstract = {Morphological evolution was studied in forested gully in the Proboszczowicka Plateau (Silesian Upland - southern Poland). A pole and tape ware used to mapping formations of bottom and hillslope forms generated by trees. The great role in morphological evolution of studied gully fulfill tree lines growing crosswise to hillslope. Between the tree lines took place intensive runoff water and depressions, sometimes incisions occurs. As result of this process depressions and incisions transformed to side gullies. Numerous depressions generate by fallen trees, bottom incisions and hillslope undercuts opposite the bastions occurs in the studied valley. Depressions generated by fallen trees sometimes initial erosion, and hillslopes retreat. The bastions are individual trees growing in the foothills and advanced to the valley axis. Erosion took place opposite the bastions, where the valley bottom is narrow. Niches below tree root system are formed as results of lateral erosion in the lower part of the gullies. In general, depressions generate by fallen trees, bastions and the niches below tree root systems widening valley bottom. In the bottom of the valley logs and woody debris generated steps. During heavy rainfall events logs and woody debris are redeponated and steps appear down-stream.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-34548697831,

title = {Erosion of hillslopes and sediment accumulation in mountain river channels estimated by means of exposed tree roots analyze (the Eastern Sudetes Mts) [Wykorzystanie odsłonietych korzeni drzew do określenia przebiegu erozji zboczy dolin i dostawy zwietrzelin do koryt rzek górskich (Sudety Wschodnie)]},

author = { I. Malik and P. Owczarek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-34548697831&partnerID=40&md5=926b1fbfae6466dba3d7ea828fb4eeef},

issn = {00459453},

year  = {2006},

date = {2006-01-01},

journal = {Czasopismo Geograficzne},

volume = {77},

number = {1-2},

pages = {101-116},

publisher = {University of Wroclaw},

abstract = {Undercut banks are one of the main sources of coarse-grained deposits in mountain river channel. Lateral erosion of these supply zones were observed after flood events in mid-mountain streams in the Eastern Sudetes. During erosional episodes roots of trees growing on the lower part of slopes are exposed. After exposure of the roots, tree rings divide into early wood and late wood. Root cells within the wood start to make less and numerous. Sometimes parts of the roots have scars resulting from corrasion by material transported from the upper part of catchments. In the cross section of roots the amount of tree rings in callous tissue, is effectual by the mechanical stress of erosion. These anatomical changes in root tree rings after their exposure allow for dating erosion episodes. Three erosional cut-banks, located along small tributaries of the upper Odra catchments (Biała Głuchołaska; Střední Opava; Opava) were selected for detailed research. Most of the exposition signals from roots were recorded in 1997, during extraordinary flood, which exceeded an absolute historical maximum. There are some differences between analyzed sites. Dating of roots exposure in the case of Biała Głuchołaska river obtained results in 1997 and 1986/1987. It means that the cut-bank in this site is transformed only during high energy hydrological events. In the cases of Střední Opava and Opava rivers erosional cuttings have been formed in 1997. After this large event erosional cut-banks are still transformed, even by small flood events in 1998-2001, because they are composed of only loose weathered material. Sediment accretion and progradation of alluvial channel forms downstream of a cut-bank section is connected with the activity of these zones, size of coarse grained, angular deposits introduced into the river channels and frequency of flood events. Results from the exposed roots analyzed here show that most of slope coarse grained angular material was deposited within and downstream of the hillslope sediment delivery zones after the 1997 flood. The development of new alluvial channel forms and the transformation of the existing ones are observed in these sediment-overladen sections.},

note = {1},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-29844437643,

title = {Gully erosion recorded by dating the exposure of tree roots - On the example of the Proboszczowicka Plateau (Silesian Upland, southern Poland) [Przebieg erozji wawozowej na podstawie datowania odsłoniecia korzeni drzew - Na przykładzie badań z Wysoczyzny Proboszczowickiej (Wyżyna Ślaska)]},

author = { I. Malik},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-29844437643&partnerID=40&md5=ed3fe1b45a55f81844472e4f3acd01bd},

issn = {00332143},

year  = {2005},

date = {2005-01-01},

journal = {Przeglad Geograficzny},

volume = {77},

number = {3},

pages = {367-381},

abstract = {A high-intensity runoff of water can be observed during downpours in loess areas of the Proboszczowicka Plateau. An effect of this is gully erosion, especially in higher part of gullies. Slopes and bottoms of gullies are forested and in places of their erosion, roots are exposed. Following the exposure of roots, wood vessels in the tree rings divide into early wood and late wood. Root vessels within the wood start to become smaller and more numerous also. As an effect of this process erosion episodes in which roots were exposed can be dated. Parts of the roots sometimes bear scars. This is an effect of erosion determined by dolomites and limestones lying under loess cover, and the redeposition of building material stored by people in the higher part of gullies. In the cross sections of roots the number of tree rings within callous tissue, is effectual by the mechanical stress of erosion, allowing erosion episodes to be dated. The first results of dendrochronological study show that recent gully networks have changed very quickly. Material is eroded from within the gully studied almost every year. It is transported a short distance and the place of erosion is buried with sediment. Erosion actually starts on the gully slopes and this place is transformed with a side gully.},

note = {3},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-25144478430,

title = {Rates of lateral channel migration along the Mala Panew River (southern Poland) based on dating riparian trees and Coarse Woody Debris},

author = { I. Malik},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-25144478430&doi=10.1016%2fj.dendro.2005.07.004&partnerID=40&md5=6bcb4ab11f5585f150aae8a15e001bca},

doi = {10.1016/j.dendro.2005.07.004},

issn = {11257865},

year  = {2005},

date = {2005-01-01},

journal = {Dendrochronologia},

volume = {23},

number = {1},

pages = {29-38},

abstract = {Two methods of estimating the lateral migration of a river channel have been proposed. The first method is based on Coarse Woody Debris (CWD) dating. The terraces of the Mala Panew River are mainly covered with plantations of Pinus sylvestris where individual trees grow at equal distances to each other. During times of high discharges trees fall onto the riverbed providing information on the extent of flood plain erosion. The ages of CWD and the surface of the eroded flood plain provide an estimation of the rate of lateral migration. The erosion rates measured at two sites in the Mala Panew River were between 0.24 and 0.36 m/year. Another way of reconstructing the rate of lateral migration is by dating trees growing on different-aged sandy meander bars. These levels are primarily covered with Alnus glutinosa and Alnus incana. The oldest trees growing on each level give information about the minimum age of that level, which allows us to reconstruct the rate of lateral migration. The lateral migration of the channel has also been estimated dating the oldest trees growing on mid-channel islands separated from the lateral banks. The values obtained for 10 sites of the Mala Panew channel oscillate between 0.07 and 1.83 m/year. Tree ring analyses also allow us to determine the impact of individual high discharges on the lateral migration rate of the Mała Panew channel. The lateral migration of the channel was most rapid in the years 1953-57 and 1966-68 as well as during the extraordinary flood in 1997. © 2005 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.},

note = {15},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-34548669280,

title = {Geomorphological effects of mill-weir activity and degradation [Geomorfologiczne skutki funkcjonowania i degradacji sztucznych progów wodnych]},

author = { D. Ciszewski and P. Kramarz and I. Malik and P. Owczarek and E. Zygmunt},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-34548669280&partnerID=40&md5=fb0a7801a161bc63ecf8cea43e21e4a5},

issn = {00459453},

year  = {2005},

date = {2005-01-01},

journal = {Czasopismo Geograficzne},

volume = {76},

number = {4},

pages = {329-343},

publisher = {University of Wroclaw},

abstract = {Investigations of channel morphology at active or recently deteriorated mill-weirs were carried out on three small upland rivers in southern Poland. Weirs were constructed in order to dam or to direct river waters towards mill trenches, which supplied water directly onto the mill wheel. As a result of several hundred years of mill activity in the same locations, river aggraded their channels upstream of a weir or, in certain cases, did so across an entire valley bottom by 1-2 m. In another case a reservoir, which supplied water during low stages, was progressively filled with sediments. Downstream of each of the investigated mill-weirs, up to 3 m incision of the channel into the floodplains was observed over the distance exceeding several hundreds of meters. Moreover, the rapid channel bed erosion upstream of a mill-weir demolished in 1940 caused winnowing of sediments stored in the reservoir and channel incision over a distance of several hundred meters. Cascades of even several tens of mills, which are localized every 1.5-3 km on the three investigated rivers, caused repetitive pattern of changes in channel depth and floodplain height over almost entire courses of these rivers.},

note = {3},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-33749411264,

title = {Dendrochronological records of Mała Panew meandering riverbed transformation (Opole Plain southern Poland) [Dendrochronologiczny zapis transformacji koryta rzeki meandruja̧cej na przykladzie Małej Panwi (Równeva Opolska)]},

author = { I. Malik},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33749411264&partnerID=40&md5=7f2a0a7fa6e972c89ed09ba2f9cfbd75},

issn = {00459453},

year  = {2005},

date = {2005-01-01},

journal = {Czasopismo Geograficzne},

volume = {76},

number = {3},

pages = {165-182},

publisher = {Polish Geographical Society},

abstract = {The Mała Panew meandering river flows 20 km through a closed forest. During times of high discharges the riverbed is transformed under the influence of tilted trees and CWD (Coarse Woody Debris). The most accurate record of bank erosion intensity may be obtained by dating the CWD lying in situ below concave banks and root exposure dating. The record of deposition in the riverbed may be obtained by dating the CWD contributing to the formation of sand shadows. The dating of tree tilt contributing to the formation of sand shadows is delayed by one to two years relative to significant high water episodes causing the tilt. The dating of mid-channel islands by determining the time of their separation depends on the habitat conditions in which trees grow on islands after their separation. If there is a low flow period after the cut-off and the riverbed dries, alders record the impact of that stress and not the cut-off moment. The dating of trees growing in paleochannels and on meandering bar levels only makes it possible to estimate the age of such forms. However, such estimates may be inaccurate due to the different times of colonisation of individual levels. Dendrochronological dating of riparian trees and CWD helps to estimate time and intensity of the riverbed transformation under the influence of floods. The Mała Panew River bed was transformed during two floods, in 1985 and 1997. Low bank reaches are transformed through the long periods of floods. During these floods banks are systematically undercut and black alders tilt. Parts of alder crowns or stems which sank generate small sand shadows. When erosion is more intensive, alder clumps are cut out from concave banks and become mid-channel islands. During the cutting of mid-channel island the level of meandering bars is formed and overgrowing. High bank reaches are transformed by individual big floods. Concave banks are eroded and sediments are deposited within convex banks. These sediments form big sand shadows behind the CWD.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-21144442230,

title = {The influence of riparian trees on meandering floodplain and riverbed transformation - The case of the Mała Panew River (Opole Plain) [Wpływ drzew nadrzecznych na transformacje równiny zalewowej i koryta rzeki meandrujacej na przykładzie Małej Panwi (Równina Opolska)]},

author = { I. Malik},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-21144442230&partnerID=40&md5=dd89a45fa9628d5eda124f929250bf93},

issn = {00332143},

year  = {2004},

date = {2004-01-01},

journal = {Przeglad Geograficzny},

volume = {76},

number = {3},

pages = {345-360},

abstract = {The banks of the sandy-bottomed, meandering Mała Panew river are covered with trees which change the channel morphology. A pole calibrated vertically and horizontally was used to study the formation of bottom and overbank forms in the Mała Panew channel. Trunks and roots of riparian trees generate an erosional terrace, under the influence of lateral erosion the riparian trees bend down and generate shelves, sand shadows and streamlined depressions.},

note = {7},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-11144305440,

title = {Pollution of Mała Panew River sediments by heavy metals: Part II. Effect of changes in river valley morphology},

author = { D. Ciszewski and I. Malik and P. Szwarczewski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-11144305440&partnerID=40&md5=d3e653b341ab256fada1c8d50bac6a2d},

issn = {12301485},

year  = {2004},

date = {2004-01-01},

journal = {Polish Journal of Environmental Studies},

volume = {13},

number = {6},

pages = {597-605},

abstract = {This paper examines the relations between the dispersal of sediment-borne heavy metals and changes in morphology of the Mała Panew River valley in southern Poland. Sediment samples were taken in 66 vertical profiles up to 60 cm deep, situated at different heights above a water table. Alluvial levels of similar width and height appear with different frequency along river banks within 7 selected 1 km-long river valley reaches. Moreover, heavy metal concentrations at levels of similar height are similar throughout the Mała Panew valley. This suggests that both the width of the river valley over which sediment-associated heavy metals accumulated as well as the volume of these sediments stored within particular river reaches, change downstream. Generally, the wide, natural reaches of the river valley, which have been sinks for metal-associated sediments in the 20th century, are an important secondary pollution source, whereas narrow valley reaches in which flow regulation caused incision of the river channel are mainly transition zones for the polluted sediments conveyed in the river valley.},

note = {16},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-8644275376,

title = {The influence of Salix acutifolia willd. On soil formation in sandy areas},

author = { O. Rahmonov and I. Malik and A. Orczewska},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-8644275376&partnerID=40&md5=c6db7c558061e97b8d8c0e9c8763a6bb},

issn = {00792985},

year  = {2004},

date = {2004-01-01},

journal = {Polish Journal of Soil Science},

volume = {37},

number = {1},

pages = {77-84},

abstract = {As a pioneer species of R life strategy Salix acutifolia is an early coloniser, promoting the formation of soil in sandy areas. Initially, the area around the base of S. acutifolia is colonised by cryptogams. Then, soil formation takes place as S. acutifolia grows and the canopy develops. As a broadleaved species, S. acutifolia produces a lot of biomass. Good habitat conditions are created for the development of micro-organisms accelerating the process of leaf decomposition and humus formation. This encourages the subsequent entry and growth of vascular herbs under the canopy of S. acutifolia, which hasten the process of soil and plant succession. After 5 years, a large number of Pinus sylvestris seedlings develop under the S. acutifolia canopy. P. sylvestris outcompetes S. acutifolia for nutrients and eventually eliminates S. acutifolia from the site by contributing to soil acidification. P. sylvestris then becomes the dominant influence on the physico-chemical properties of the soil.},

note = {5},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-3042651555,

title = {The use of tree age for estimating the rate of lateral migration of the Mała Panew River channel (Opole Plain) [Wykorzystanie wieku drzew w badaniach tempa migracji bocznej koryta Małej Panwi (Równina Opolska)]},

author = { D. Ciszewski and I. Malik and O. Rahmonov},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-3042651555&partnerID=40&md5=26fd48294d15f5539ff599c3fe469794},

issn = {00332143},

year  = {2004},

date = {2004-01-01},

journal = {Przeglad Geograficzny},

volume = {76},

number = {1},

pages = {65-77},

abstract = {[No abstract available]},

note = {2},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-1542573696,

title = {The use of heavy metal concentrations and dendrochronology in the reconstruction of sediment accumulation, Mała Panew River Valley, southern Poland},

author = { D. Ciszewski and I. Malik},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-1542573696&doi=10.1016%2fS0169-555X%2803%2900230-7&partnerID=40&md5=1822c09f30764564c3347b418900a763},

doi = {10.1016/S0169-555X(03)00230-7},

issn = {0169555X},

year  = {2004},

date = {2004-01-01},

journal = {Geomorphology},

volume = {58},

number = {1-4},

pages = {161-174},

abstract = {Heavy metal concentrations were investigated in overbank sediments of the Mala Panew River, southern Poland. Samples were collected from seven vertical profiles located within channel infills of a 20th century floodplain at three sites, each up to 50 m wide. In each profile, 15-24 samples were collected and analysed for Ba, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn. Sequential extraction of these elements was carried out in the 0.063-mm fraction of selected samples. Additionally, the age of the oldest trees growing close to the profiles has been used to estimate the initiation of sediment accumulation there. Ba, Cu, and Pb, which occur mostly in less mobile, moderately reducible, and residual fractions, were used for sediment dating. Zn and Cd, which in 50-75% occur in the mobile exchangeable fraction, were not suitable for dating. Correlation of Ba, Cu, and Pb concentrations in vertical profiles with changes in the load of effluents discharged to the river showed abrupt changes in the thickness of the strongly polluted sediments across the floodplains. A comparison of the relative changes between heavy metal peaks in sediments of similar age in the different profiles suggests a variable rate of downward metal migration. In general, none of the heavy metals investigated seems to have been mobilised within the stratigraphic layers above the water table. In layers located at stratigraphically lower levels, the Zn and Cd peaks seem to migrate several centimetres to several decimetres down in the profile. In profiles inundated for several weeks every year, Zn and Cd, as well as the relatively less mobile Ba, Cu, and Pb, have migrated downward by several decimetres. The investigation shows that frequent fluctuations of the water table have blurred the original depositional metal patterns of metal concentrations within a period of less than 40 years. © 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},

note = {49},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-1842638434,

title = {Geomorphological influences on heavy metal migration in fluvial deposits: The Mała Panew River valley (southern Poland) [Uwarunkowania geomorfologiczne migracji metali ciȩzkich w osadach fluwialnych: Dolina Małej Panwi]},

author = { D. Ciszewski and I. Malik and M. Wardas},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-1842638434&partnerID=40&md5=434311af18437c853a1e65d0cc97c840},

issn = {00332151},

year  = {2004},

date = {2004-01-01},

journal = {Przeglad Geologiczny},

volume = {52},

number = {2},

pages = {163-174},

abstract = {Heavy metal concentrations were investigated in the overbank and channel sediments of the Mała Panew River in southern Poland. Overbank sediment samples were taken in ten vertical profiles up to 2.2 m long within paleochannel infills in four selected XX century floodplains and in 66 profiles, 60 cm-long, situated at different height above the water table. Channel sediments were sampled 12 times at the same 10 channel locations within the period of two years. In samples collected, Ba, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn concentrations were determined and for selected samples sequential extraction was carried out. Within incised and laterally stable river sections polluted, 20th century sediments occur only in a narrow terrace steps up to 2 m high. Also, in the regulated river section, polluted sediments occur only in several cm thick layers on the 1.8-2.2 m high flood plain. On the contrary, in natural forested valley sections, in which river channel migrates laterally 0.5 m/year on average, the thick polluted sediments occur along the channel at depth up to 2.5 m in a zone about 50 m wide. Differences of heavy metal concentrations between sediment layers of similar age, high proportion of Cd and Zn in the mobile exchangeable fraction and poor buffer capacity of sandy sediments suggest rather high migration rate of Cd and Zn and much lower of Ba, Pb and Cu. Also very high Cd and Zn concentrations in sandy channel sediments could be related to transport of these elements in solution and precipitation. The migration of metals depends most of all on frequency of groundwater level fluctuations. The intensive river bank erosion and clear evidences of metal migration in natural river reaches suggest rapid transfer of these elements between the channel and river banks. Along river reaches with the stable river channel, the floodplain represents a long-term sink for heavy metals and their transfer back to the channel is much slower. The incised river reaches, in which the smallest amount of the heavy metal polluted sediments accumulates are transitional zones for heavy metal load.},

note = {12},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-33749397629,

title = {Role of the Coarse Woody Debris (CWD) in the formation of the bottom of a meandering river channel (case study of the Mała Panew river, Opole Plain) [Rola kłód w kształtowaniu dna koryta rzeki meandrujacej na przykładzie Małej Panwi (Równina Opolska)]},

author = { I. Malik},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33749397629&partnerID=40&md5=c101b19ba43872b1f153787a274da039},

issn = {00459453},

year  = {2004},

date = {2004-01-01},

journal = {Czasopismo Geograficzne},

volume = {75},

number = {4},

pages = {255-274},

publisher = {University of Wroclaw},

abstract = {The role of Coarse Woody Debris (CWD) in the formation of sandy channel bottoms of a meandering river flowing through the Silesian Lowland has been investigated. As a result of the lateral erosion, trees covering the terrace levels undercut by the river, are overturned and fall into the channel, where they occur as CWD. Depending on their amount, position in relation to the channel axis, location and intensity of redeposition, they can capture alluvial material and cause increased accumulation and erosion in the channel bottom. Large depositional and erosional forms occur most often in the channel, as a result of the influence of CWD accumulation or individual logs, which are located in the channel transversally to its axis. The main depositional forms occurring in the Mała Panew river channel, caused by CWD, are sand shadows and outwashes. Sand shadows form behind CWD and result from flow separation in the hydraulic shadow of the barrier, whereas outwashes arc located behind and partially in front of the CWD or individual logs, and are the result of an increased deposition of material under the convex channel bank. In addition, CWD generate small erosional forms, such as reverse depressions, streamlined depressions and overflow kettles. Reverse depressions are basin-like erosional forms, forming in front of the CWD as a result of water flowing under it and forming spiral whirls there. Streamlined depressions are longitudinal erosional forms located at the border of logs, resulting from bottom erosion caused mostly by water flow around log accumulation. Overflow kettles are oval depressions located behind CWD, which are the result of both water overflowing above the barrier and bottom erosion caused by the influence of spiral whirls.},

note = {2},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-1542715145,

title = {Climatic and human impact on episodic alluviation in small mountain valleys, the Sudetes},

author = { K. Klimek and I. Malik and P. Owczarek and E. Zygmunt},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-1542715145&partnerID=40&md5=50eccd9e212e0b44b83ac00ac0b8232b},

issn = {00167282},

year  = {2003},

date = {2003-01-01},

journal = {Geographia Polonica},

volume = {76},

number = {2},

pages = {55-64},

abstract = {The Sudetes are a mid-mountain range located in the temperate climatic zone of Central Europe. Deep valley sides are covered with a thick mantle of periglacial regolith. Migrating cyclones cause intensive rainstorms, debris flow and floods. Geomorphological and sedimentology traces of a previous large flood have been found in the upper course of the Bila Opava and Bela valley floors, which drain the northern slope of the Hruby Jesenik massif, 1000-1400 m a. s. l. Dendrochronological investigation has shown that this large flood took place around the turn of the 20th century. Meteorological archival records have confirmed that extremely heavy precipitation occurred here on 9 July 1903. Tne periglacial regolith covering the steep, deforested slopes were the source of the coarse-grained clastic material supplied into the Bila Opava and Bela river beds.},

note = {12},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-11144261382,

title = {Impact of anthropogenic channel changes on polluted sediment accumulation in the Mała Panew River valley, southern Poland [Wpływ antropogenicznej transformacji koryta Małej Panwi na warunki akumulacji osadów zanieczyszczonych]},

author = { D. Ciszewski and I. Malik and P. Szwarczewski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-11144261382&partnerID=40&md5=941f5d0fa5f925d30411c85cc8cc17a7},

issn = {00459453},

year  = {2003},

date = {2003-01-01},

journal = {Czasopismo Geograficzne},

volume = {74},

number = {4},

pages = {295-311},

publisher = {University of Wroclaw},

abstract = {This paper examines dispersal of Ba, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn within overbank sediments in the Mała Panew River valley in southern Poland. Sediment samples were taken in 66 vertical profiles at depth 0-10, 10-30 and 30-60 cm. Profiles were situated close to the channel at levels of different height above water table in multilayered side channel bars, inset terraces, terrace steps and wide Holocene terraces. Before sediment sampling, frequency of these levels, within 20m-long and 50m-wide sections along 30km-long river reach had been investigated. Terrace levels of similar width and height appear with different frequency within 7 selected 1km-long river valley sections. These differences result from mill dams, iron-work dams and channel regulation performed in these sections at the turn of XVIII/XIX century. Demolition of most of these constructions in the second half of XIX century caused channel incision up to 5 metres into the floodplain. Within this incised and laterally stable river sections, polluted XX century sediments occur only in a narrow terrace steps up to 2 m high. Also, in the regulated river section, polluted sediments occur only in several cm thick layer on the 1,8-2,2 m high terrace. By contrast, in natural, forested valley sections river channel migrates by 0,5 m/year on average. Thick polluted sediments occur in terraces up to 2,5 m high in a zone about 50 m wide along the channel and in channel infills. Moreover, concentrations of heavy metals in the surface layer, in the laterally stable reaches in terrace steps up to 1 m high, is lower than in the underlying sediments. This pattern correlates well with the decrease in pollution plume transported by the river during the last 10 years. This regularity is not observed in the natural river reaches because of polluted sediment supply from channel bank erosion.},

note = {1},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-0038709719,

title = {Sedimentary record of the Mala Panew River pollution with heavy metals in the 20th century (southern Poland) [Zapis XX-wiecznej historii zanieczyszczenia rzeki Małej Panwi metalami ciėzkimi w jej osadach]},

author = { D. Ciszewski and I. Malik},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0038709719&partnerID=40&md5=e6ceb2ae8e3b4a589a1b00cdbb32c6b6},

issn = {00332151},

year  = {2003},

date = {2003-01-01},

journal = {Przeglad Geologiczny},

volume = {51},

number = {2},

pages = {142-147},

abstract = {Heavy metal concentrations have been investigated in vertical profiles of the Mala Panew River sediments, Upper Silesia, southern Poland. Peaks of the Ba, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn concentrations observed reflect the highest loads of these elements discharged with sewage effluents from chemical plants in Tarnowskie Góry and zinc smelter plants in Miasteczko Ślaskie. The known dates of the highest pollution loads allow for fine unit stratigraphy using metal concentrations. The depths of heavy metal peaks of the same age change abruptly between point bar sediments accumulated in actively migrating channel bend. Sediments accumulated at 1960 occur at the depth 130 cm 10 m from the present river channel, whereas at the 50 cm depth-30 m from the channel and at 15 cm depth-45 m from the channel. Moreover, the timing of the pollution with thalium and chromium, which have never been monitored in sewage effluents, has been estimated. The sediment accumulation chronology obtained is supported by the tree age dating and channel changes on the twentieth's century maps.},

note = {8},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}