• dr hab. Zuzanna Bielec-Bąkowska
Stanowisko: Prof.Uczelni
Jednostka: Instytut Nauk o Ziemi
Adres: 41-200 Sosnowiec, ul. Będzińska 60
Piętro: II
Numer pokoju: 223
Telefon: (32) 3689 576
E-mail: zuzanna.bielec-bakowska@us.edu.pl
Spis publikacji: Spis wg CINiBA
Spis publikacji: Spis wg OPUS
Scopus Author ID: 6506151257
Publikacje z bazy Scopus
2023
Bielec-Bąkowska, Z.; Twardosz, R.
Exceptionally Cold and Warm Spring Months in Kraków Against the Background of Atmospheric Circulation (1874–2022) Journal Article
In: Pure and Applied Geophysics, vol. 180, no. 9, pp. 3351-3370, 2023, ISSN: 00334553.
@article{2-s2.0-85164112413,
title = {Exceptionally Cold and Warm Spring Months in Kraków Against the Background of Atmospheric Circulation (1874–2022)},
author = { Z. Bielec-Bąkowska and R. Twardosz},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85164112413&doi=10.1007%2fs00024-023-03324-9&partnerID=40&md5=289e07791154a98b94c9621fec275403},
doi = {10.1007/s00024-023-03324-9},
issn = {00334553},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-01-01},
journal = {Pure and Applied Geophysics},
volume = {180},
number = {9},
pages = {3351-3370},
publisher = {Birkhauser},
abstract = {In the changing climate, exceptionally warm (EWMs) and dry spring months are increasingly observed. At the same time, exceptionally cold months (ECMs) are less frequent, although their impact on a warming climate becomes significant. Due to the role that such climatic anomalies play in the environment and their effects on human activity, it is very important to explain the causes of their occurrence. For this reason, in this study, the authors have attempted to determine the circulation conditions favourable to the occurrence of extremely cold (ECM) and warm (EWM) spring months in Kraków in the years 1874–2022. The study used the average temperature of individual spring months (March–May), as well as types of atmospheric circulation and air masses from the daily Calendar of Atmospheric Circulation Types for southern Poland. A distinct increase in spring air temperature (0.181 °C/10 years) and its individual months (0.162–0.191 °C/10 years) was confirmed. It was accompanied by a significant increase in the occurrence of EWM and a decrease in ECM. It was also found that the direction of air advection and the related temperature characteristics of air masses have the greatest impact on the occurrence of exceptionally cold or warm months. A slight positive effect of zonal circulation on the temperature increase at the beginning of the spring season and the advection of air from the south in April and east in May was found. In the case of the coldest months (ECMs), low temperatures most often developed in the presence of advection from the NW-N-NE directions. © 2023, The Author(s).},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
In the changing climate, exceptionally warm (EWMs) and dry spring months are increasingly observed. At the same time, exceptionally cold months (ECMs) are less frequent, although their impact on a warming climate becomes significant. Due to the role that such climatic anomalies play in the environment and their effects on human activity, it is very important to explain the causes of their occurrence. For this reason, in this study, the authors have attempted to determine the circulation conditions favourable to the occurrence of extremely cold (ECM) and warm (EWM) spring months in Kraków in the years 1874–2022. The study used the average temperature of individual spring months (March–May), as well as types of atmospheric circulation and air masses from the daily Calendar of Atmospheric Circulation Types for southern Poland. A distinct increase in spring air temperature (0.181 °C/10 years) and its individual months (0.162–0.191 °C/10 years) was confirmed. It was accompanied by a significant increase in the occurrence of EWM and a decrease in ECM. It was also found that the direction of air advection and the related temperature characteristics of air masses have the greatest impact on the occurrence of exceptionally cold or warm months. A slight positive effect of zonal circulation on the temperature increase at the beginning of the spring season and the advection of air from the south in April and east in May was found. In the case of the coldest months (ECMs), low temperatures most often developed in the presence of advection from the NW-N-NE directions. © 2023, The Author(s).
2022
Bielec-Bąkowska, Z.
Long-term changes in circulation conditions over southern Poland for the period 1874-2020 Journal Article
In: Miscellanea Geographica, vol. 26, no. 4, pp. 237-248, 2022, ISSN: 08676046, (1).
@article{2-s2.0-85137690580,
title = {Long-term changes in circulation conditions over southern Poland for the period 1874-2020},
author = { Z. Bielec-Bąkowska},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85137690580&doi=10.2478%2fmgrsd-2022-0010&partnerID=40&md5=5db34e474535938fe5672101a51a435c},
doi = {10.2478/mgrsd-2022-0010},
issn = {08676046},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-01-01},
journal = {Miscellanea Geographica},
volume = {26},
number = {4},
pages = {237-248},
publisher = {Sciendo},
abstract = {The study presents the long-term and annual trends in atmospheric circulation over southern Poland for the period 1874-2020. The analysis takes into account both the type of atmospheric circulation, and the types of air mass and atmospheric fronts. The study showed that there has been a noticeable decrease in the frequency of anticyclonic types of circulation and of air advection from the west and east, and a slight increase in advection from the south, as well as the presence of anticyclonic centres and cyclonic troughs. The research also found considerable changes in the frequency of the presence of polar air and of stationary and occluded fronts, as well as of days with several fronts moving over the study area. © 2022 Zuzanna Bielec-Bakowska, published by Sciendo.},
note = {1},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The study presents the long-term and annual trends in atmospheric circulation over southern Poland for the period 1874-2020. The analysis takes into account both the type of atmospheric circulation, and the types of air mass and atmospheric fronts. The study showed that there has been a noticeable decrease in the frequency of anticyclonic types of circulation and of air advection from the west and east, and a slight increase in advection from the south, as well as the presence of anticyclonic centres and cyclonic troughs. The research also found considerable changes in the frequency of the presence of polar air and of stationary and occluded fronts, as well as of days with several fronts moving over the study area. © 2022 Zuzanna Bielec-Bakowska, published by Sciendo.
Twardosz, R.; Bielec-Bąkowska, Z.
CONTINENTAL-SCALE MONTHLY THERMAL ANOMALIES IN EUROPE DURING THE YEARS 1951-2018 AND THEIR OCCURRENCE IN RELATION TO ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION Journal Article
In: Geographia Polonica, vol. 95, no. 1, pp. 97-116, 2022, ISSN: 00167282, (1).
@article{2-s2.0-85128791383,
title = {CONTINENTAL-SCALE MONTHLY THERMAL ANOMALIES IN EUROPE DURING THE YEARS 1951-2018 AND THEIR OCCURRENCE IN RELATION TO ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION},
author = { R. Twardosz and Z. Bielec-Bąkowska},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85128791383&doi=10.7163%2fGPol.0228&partnerID=40&md5=045459d3ace779a654dccc80529b8701},
doi = {10.7163/GPol.0228},
issn = {00167282},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-01-01},
journal = {Geographia Polonica},
volume = {95},
number = {1},
pages = {97-116},
publisher = {Polska Akademia Nauk},
abstract = {This study determines the frequency, location and spatial extent of such large-area monthly thermal anomalies, which are referred to in this paper as continental-scale thermal anomalies (CTAs). The research was based on monthly mean air temperature values from 210 weather stations over the 68-year period 1951-2018. A CTA is defined as an anomaly when the monthly mean temperature exceeded the long-term average by at least 2 standard deviations at a minimum of 40 stations. This study attempts to explain the occurrence of such CTAs (negative CTAs-and positive CTAs+) in relation to the circulation conditions over Europe. In the years 1951-2018, there were 16 CTAs-(mainly in winter and autumn) and 25 CTAs+ (predominantly in summer). One manifestation of climate warming is the ever less frequent occurrence of CTAs-and a growing frequency and spatial extent of CTAs+. The immediate cause behind CTAs was the occurrence of characteristic synoptic situations, leading to intensified advection of cold or hot air masses, often driven by radiation factors. The formation of CTAs-was much more often associated with very extensive and long-lasting anticyclonic systems, and that the associated synoptic situations over Europe lasted much longer than in the case of CTAs+. © Robert Twardosz • Zuzanna Bielec-Bąkowska.},
note = {1},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This study determines the frequency, location and spatial extent of such large-area monthly thermal anomalies, which are referred to in this paper as continental-scale thermal anomalies (CTAs). The research was based on monthly mean air temperature values from 210 weather stations over the 68-year period 1951-2018. A CTA is defined as an anomaly when the monthly mean temperature exceeded the long-term average by at least 2 standard deviations at a minimum of 40 stations. This study attempts to explain the occurrence of such CTAs (negative CTAs-and positive CTAs+) in relation to the circulation conditions over Europe. In the years 1951-2018, there were 16 CTAs-(mainly in winter and autumn) and 25 CTAs+ (predominantly in summer). One manifestation of climate warming is the ever less frequent occurrence of CTAs-and a growing frequency and spatial extent of CTAs+. The immediate cause behind CTAs was the occurrence of characteristic synoptic situations, leading to intensified advection of cold or hot air masses, often driven by radiation factors. The formation of CTAs-was much more often associated with very extensive and long-lasting anticyclonic systems, and that the associated synoptic situations over Europe lasted much longer than in the case of CTAs+. © Robert Twardosz • Zuzanna Bielec-Bąkowska.
2021
Falarz, M.; Opała-Owczarek, M.; Niedźwiedź, T.; Bielec-Bąkowska, Z.; Wojkowski, J.; Matuszko, D.; Filipiak, J.; Ustrnul, Z.; Wypych, A.; Lisowska, M.; Bokwa, A.; Błażejczyk, K.; Piotrowicz, K.; Szwed, M.
Initial Research of Climate Change in Poland Book Chapter
In: pp. 9-27, Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2021, ISSN: 23520698.
@inbook{2-s2.0-85107387810,
title = {Initial Research of Climate Change in Poland},
author = { M. Falarz and M. Opała-Owczarek and T. Niedźwiedź and Z. Bielec-Bąkowska and J. Wojkowski and D. Matuszko and J. Filipiak and Z. Ustrnul and A. Wypych and M. Lisowska and A. Bokwa and K. Błażejczyk and K. Piotrowicz and M. Szwed},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85107387810&doi=10.1007%2f978-3-030-70328-8_2&partnerID=40&md5=9d04de8f3a2959ca91c4dee6246e11fc},
doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-70328-8_2},
issn = {23520698},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-01},
journal = {Springer Climate},
pages = {9-27},
publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media B.V.},
abstract = {This chapter includes the results of the earliest studies on changes and variability of climatic elements, bioclimatic indices and weather types across Poland. The first pioneering works on climatic studies were presented (since 1858), even if they did not relate to climate change. © 2021, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
This chapter includes the results of the earliest studies on changes and variability of climatic elements, bioclimatic indices and weather types across Poland. The first pioneering works on climatic studies were presented (since 1858), even if they did not relate to climate change. © 2021, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
Bielec-Bąkowska, Z.; Piotrowicz, K.
Air Pressure Change Book Chapter
In: pp. 151-176, Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2021, ISSN: 23520698.
@inbook{2-s2.0-85107350119,
title = {Air Pressure Change},
author = { Z. Bielec-Bąkowska and K. Piotrowicz},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85107350119&doi=10.1007%2f978-3-030-70328-8_7&partnerID=40&md5=4abd0572f49ccbdf49a1697ae71ace33},
doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-70328-8_7},
issn = {23520698},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-01},
journal = {Springer Climate},
pages = {151-176},
publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media B.V.},
abstract = {The present study takes into account the average daily values of atmospheric pressure reduced to sea level (SLP) from 43 meteorological stations for the years 1966–2018. The exceptions are the three mountain stations (Zakopane; Śnieżka and Kasprowy Wierch) for which the pressure values at the levels of these stations were used and, based on them, only the trends of changes in this meteorological element were determined. In addition, a series of measurements from the Scientific Station of the Climatology Department of the Jagiellonian University in Kraków for the years 1901–2018 was used. Annual, seasonal, and monthly pressure values, as well as the variability of the number of days with a pressure ≤ 990 hPa or ≥ 1030 hPa were characterised. The study confirmed the latitudinal distribution of pressure values and the small range of their changes in the average values, especially in the warm half-year. The highest pressure values occurred in the south and south-east of the country, while the lowest along the Baltic Sea coast. It was also determined that during analysed periods (1966–2018 and 1901–2018) no tendency was found in long-term variability of pressure values (both in annual and seasonal; as well as monthly values). The analysis revealed that strong high-pressure systems (SLP ≥ 1030 hPa) over Poland occur several times more often than deep lows (SLP ≤ 990 hPa). Although the frequency of their occurrence differs depending on the region of Poland. The conducted studies have shown that the long-term variability in the number of days with SLP ≤ 990 hPa and SLP ≥ 1030 hPa do not show a clear trend. At the same time, the occurrence of fairly regular, several-year periods of increased pressure values and number of days analysed is a characteristic feature of pressure changes in Poland. © 2021, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
The present study takes into account the average daily values of atmospheric pressure reduced to sea level (SLP) from 43 meteorological stations for the years 1966–2018. The exceptions are the three mountain stations (Zakopane; Śnieżka and Kasprowy Wierch) for which the pressure values at the levels of these stations were used and, based on them, only the trends of changes in this meteorological element were determined. In addition, a series of measurements from the Scientific Station of the Climatology Department of the Jagiellonian University in Kraków for the years 1901–2018 was used. Annual, seasonal, and monthly pressure values, as well as the variability of the number of days with a pressure ≤ 990 hPa or ≥ 1030 hPa were characterised. The study confirmed the latitudinal distribution of pressure values and the small range of their changes in the average values, especially in the warm half-year. The highest pressure values occurred in the south and south-east of the country, while the lowest along the Baltic Sea coast. It was also determined that during analysed periods (1966–2018 and 1901–2018) no tendency was found in long-term variability of pressure values (both in annual and seasonal; as well as monthly values). The analysis revealed that strong high-pressure systems (SLP ≥ 1030 hPa) over Poland occur several times more often than deep lows (SLP ≤ 990 hPa). Although the frequency of their occurrence differs depending on the region of Poland. The conducted studies have shown that the long-term variability in the number of days with SLP ≤ 990 hPa and SLP ≥ 1030 hPa do not show a clear trend. At the same time, the occurrence of fairly regular, several-year periods of increased pressure values and number of days analysed is a characteristic feature of pressure changes in Poland. © 2021, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
Falarz, M.; Bielec-Bąkowska, Z.; Wypych, A.; Matuszko, D.; Niedźwiedź, T.; Pińskwar, I.; Piotrowicz, K.; Ustrnul, Z.; Bokwa, A.; Filipiak, J.; Graczyk, D.; Kuchcik, M.; Opała-Owczarek, M.; Szwed, M.; Wibig, J.
Climate Change in Poland—Summary, Discussion and Conclusion Book Chapter
In: pp. 561-581, Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2021, ISSN: 23520698.
@inbook{2-s2.0-85107338275,
title = {Climate Change in Poland—Summary, Discussion and Conclusion},
author = { M. Falarz and Z. Bielec-Bąkowska and A. Wypych and D. Matuszko and T. Niedźwiedź and I. Pińskwar and K. Piotrowicz and Z. Ustrnul and A. Bokwa and J. Filipiak and D. Graczyk and M. Kuchcik and M. Opała-Owczarek and M. Szwed and J. Wibig},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85107338275&doi=10.1007%2f978-3-030-70328-8_24&partnerID=40&md5=88b78978f1816effd9bb26adc9e3c867},
doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-70328-8_24},
issn = {23520698},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-01},
journal = {Springer Climate},
pages = {561-581},
publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media B.V.},
abstract = {The book presents the results of climate research throughout Poland in the pre-instrumental period (using proxy data), instrumental period (using mainly statistical methods; based on data from weather stations and grid data) and projected changes (using regional climate models). A total of 1100 years are covered, i.e. the period from about 1000 to 2100. The majority of examined climate elements, meteorological phenomena and indices show statistically significant changes at least in certain areas of Poland and at certain seasons of the year. Moreover, many elements demonstrate significant year-to-year variability and temporal fluctuations. Changes of particular climate elements are interrelated. The primary causative factors are both anthropogenic changes (greenhouse gas emissions resulting in increased greenhouse effect and global warming; local sources of air pollution) and natural changes: (1) circulation factors: changes in the intensity and location of atmospheric activity centres, changes in the frequency of advection from a specific sector, and the frequency of cyclonic and anticyclonic systems over Poland and (2) radiation factors (changes in values of global solar radiation; sunshine duration and cloudiness). These changes, especially visible after the 1980s, affect the trends of most climatic elements, meteorological phenomena and indices. The effects of these changes, both positive and negative, are evident in people’s daily lives (e.g. decrease in bioclimatic cold stress; increase in bioclimatic heat stress; changes in conditions for recreation and sport) and economy (e.g. improvement of thermal agricultural conditions; changes in energy demand for heating buildings; air conditioning and refrigeration). A better understanding of the relationships of trends of the different climatic elements should be the aim of further research into the climate of Poland. © 2021, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
The book presents the results of climate research throughout Poland in the pre-instrumental period (using proxy data), instrumental period (using mainly statistical methods; based on data from weather stations and grid data) and projected changes (using regional climate models). A total of 1100 years are covered, i.e. the period from about 1000 to 2100. The majority of examined climate elements, meteorological phenomena and indices show statistically significant changes at least in certain areas of Poland and at certain seasons of the year. Moreover, many elements demonstrate significant year-to-year variability and temporal fluctuations. Changes of particular climate elements are interrelated. The primary causative factors are both anthropogenic changes (greenhouse gas emissions resulting in increased greenhouse effect and global warming; local sources of air pollution) and natural changes: (1) circulation factors: changes in the intensity and location of atmospheric activity centres, changes in the frequency of advection from a specific sector, and the frequency of cyclonic and anticyclonic systems over Poland and (2) radiation factors (changes in values of global solar radiation; sunshine duration and cloudiness). These changes, especially visible after the 1980s, affect the trends of most climatic elements, meteorological phenomena and indices. The effects of these changes, both positive and negative, are evident in people’s daily lives (e.g. decrease in bioclimatic cold stress; increase in bioclimatic heat stress; changes in conditions for recreation and sport) and economy (e.g. improvement of thermal agricultural conditions; changes in energy demand for heating buildings; air conditioning and refrigeration). A better understanding of the relationships of trends of the different climatic elements should be the aim of further research into the climate of Poland. © 2021, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
Falarz, M.; Wibig, J.; Matuszko, D.; Filipiak, J.; Hajto, M. J.; Taszarek, M.; Bielec-Bąkowska, Z.; Wypych, A.; Ustrnul, Z.
Homogeneity of Climate Series Book Chapter
In: pp. 45-68, Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2021, ISSN: 23520698, (1).
@inbook{2-s2.0-85107336417,
title = {Homogeneity of Climate Series},
author = { M. Falarz and J. Wibig and D. Matuszko and J. Filipiak and M.J. Hajto and M. Taszarek and Z. Bielec-Bąkowska and A. Wypych and Z. Ustrnul},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85107336417&doi=10.1007%2f978-3-030-70328-8_4&partnerID=40&md5=7ee6abd1fe84a10898443ecce91a05de},
doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-70328-8_4},
issn = {23520698},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-01},
journal = {Springer Climate},
pages = {45-68},
publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media B.V.},
abstract = {Analyses of homogeneity of climate series and correction of heterogeneous series were undertaken in order to avoid making incorrect conclusions about climate change in Poland. The climate series homogenisation procedure was typically carried out in several stages: (1) collecting information on the history of meteorological stations (metadata), especially on significant changes in their location and measurements methods; (2) selecting the test for homogeneity control, calculating values of the test, selecting series with test values exceeding the specified critical level; (3) correction of non-homogeneous series; (4) recheck of the revised series. The correction of the climatic series analysed for the purposes of this book was carried out using various methods, specific to the climate element analysed. The most common was the relative and absolute Alexandersson test (Standard Normal Homogeneity Test; SNHT). The most common reasons for breaking the homogeneity of the climatic series were a significant change of station location and a change of the measuring instrument. However, in many cases, the cause of the series’ heterogeneity is not clear. © 2021, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.},
note = {1},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
Analyses of homogeneity of climate series and correction of heterogeneous series were undertaken in order to avoid making incorrect conclusions about climate change in Poland. The climate series homogenisation procedure was typically carried out in several stages: (1) collecting information on the history of meteorological stations (metadata), especially on significant changes in their location and measurements methods; (2) selecting the test for homogeneity control, calculating values of the test, selecting series with test values exceeding the specified critical level; (3) correction of non-homogeneous series; (4) recheck of the revised series. The correction of the climatic series analysed for the purposes of this book was carried out using various methods, specific to the climate element analysed. The most common was the relative and absolute Alexandersson test (Standard Normal Homogeneity Test; SNHT). The most common reasons for breaking the homogeneity of the climatic series were a significant change of station location and a change of the measuring instrument. However, in many cases, the cause of the series’ heterogeneity is not clear. © 2021, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
Bielec-Bąkowska, Z.; Taszarek, M.; Kolendowicz, L.
Change of Thunderstorms and Tornadoes Book Chapter
In: pp. 421-441, Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2021, ISSN: 23520698, (1).
@inbook{2-s2.0-85107334627,
title = {Change of Thunderstorms and Tornadoes},
author = { Z. Bielec-Bąkowska and M. Taszarek and L. Kolendowicz},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85107334627&doi=10.1007%2f978-3-030-70328-8_16&partnerID=40&md5=36c5852bf4a8a7ec7aa4ff0e637435fd},
doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-70328-8_16},
issn = {23520698},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-01},
journal = {Springer Climate},
pages = {421-441},
publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media B.V.},
abstract = {In this chapter, on the basis of meteorological observation series from 47 meteorological stations for the years 1951–2018 and data from the Scientific Station of the Climatology Department of the Jagiellonian University in Kraków for the years 1901–2018, the analysis of the long-term variability and annual course of the thunderstorms occurrence in Poland was undertaken. The results of research on the occurrence of tornadoes in Poland for the years 1810–2018 were also presented, and the data used in the analysis come from the European Severe Weather Database (ESWD) and historical sources. Additionally, long-term changes in meteorological conditions leading to the occurrence of thunderstorms and tornadoes were identified. For this purpose data from the ERA5 reanalysis were used. The results obtained revealed that the period of thunderstorm activity during the year became longer than at the beginning of the periods under consideration and shifts towards the first months of the year. It was also found that in the period 1951–2018 in the eastern part of the country can observe signals of an increase in the frequency of days with thunderstorms, while in the western part trends are rather downward. However, long-term variability of the thunderstorms occurrence during the period of over 100 years does not indicate a clear tendency of changes and only in the cool season the trend is increasing and statistically significant. It was also determine that tornadoes are really rare phenomena, but always occurring in Poland. Each year, on average 5 weak tornadoes, 1–2 significant tornadoes (up to F4 in Fujita scale) and 4 waterspouts are reported. At the same time, it has been shown that with the ongoing climate change, environmental conditions are becoming consistently more conducive for severe convective phenomena occurrence in Poland. © 2021, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.},
note = {1},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
In this chapter, on the basis of meteorological observation series from 47 meteorological stations for the years 1951–2018 and data from the Scientific Station of the Climatology Department of the Jagiellonian University in Kraków for the years 1901–2018, the analysis of the long-term variability and annual course of the thunderstorms occurrence in Poland was undertaken. The results of research on the occurrence of tornadoes in Poland for the years 1810–2018 were also presented, and the data used in the analysis come from the European Severe Weather Database (ESWD) and historical sources. Additionally, long-term changes in meteorological conditions leading to the occurrence of thunderstorms and tornadoes were identified. For this purpose data from the ERA5 reanalysis were used. The results obtained revealed that the period of thunderstorm activity during the year became longer than at the beginning of the periods under consideration and shifts towards the first months of the year. It was also found that in the period 1951–2018 in the eastern part of the country can observe signals of an increase in the frequency of days with thunderstorms, while in the western part trends are rather downward. However, long-term variability of the thunderstorms occurrence during the period of over 100 years does not indicate a clear tendency of changes and only in the cool season the trend is increasing and statistically significant. It was also determine that tornadoes are really rare phenomena, but always occurring in Poland. Each year, on average 5 weak tornadoes, 1–2 significant tornadoes (up to F4 in Fujita scale) and 4 waterspouts are reported. At the same time, it has been shown that with the ongoing climate change, environmental conditions are becoming consistently more conducive for severe convective phenomena occurrence in Poland. © 2021, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
Falarz, M.; Szwed, M.; Opała-Owczarek, M.; Kuchcik, M.; Małarzewski, Ł.; Piotrowicz, K.; Niedźwiedź, T.; Bielec-Bąkowska, Z.; Bokwa, A.; Filipiak, J.; Matuszko, D.; Ustrnul, Z.; Wibig, J.; Wypych, A.
Data and Methods of Investigation Book Chapter
In: pp. 29-44, Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2021, ISSN: 23520698.
@inbook{2-s2.0-85107332916,
title = {Data and Methods of Investigation},
author = { M. Falarz and M. Szwed and M. Opała-Owczarek and M. Kuchcik and Ł. Małarzewski and K. Piotrowicz and T. Niedźwiedź and Z. Bielec-Bąkowska and A. Bokwa and J. Filipiak and D. Matuszko and Z. Ustrnul and J. Wibig and A. Wypych},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85107332916&doi=10.1007%2f978-3-030-70328-8_3&partnerID=40&md5=89b92510a4321798bd19ff9330b6d4f3},
doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-70328-8_3},
issn = {23520698},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-01},
journal = {Springer Climate},
pages = {29-44},
publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media B.V.},
abstract = {The study covers the entire area of Poland. Part II of the book presents the results of the study of climate change before instrumental measurements in Poland in the last millennium. More than 50 proxy series including documentary evidences, dendrochronological records and varved sediment records were analysed. On this basis, reconstructions of: summer and winter air temperature, winter severity, precipitation (liquid and solid) and droughts were performed. Part III analysed the long-term changes and variability of 36 climate characteristics for 14 climate elements, indices, meteorological phenomena and weather types using data from 79 weather stations. Most of the climate elements studied were analysed for the base period 1951–2018 (68 years). For some elements and indices shorter study periods were considered. In addition, climate variability was analysed for 10 long measuring series up to 239 years. Variability of circulation indices over a period of 147 years (1873–2019) was investigated as well. Uniform research methods common to all elements and indices were used: (1) coefficient of variability (%), (2) absolute trend (unit/10y); (3) relative trend (%/10y). Part IV of the book deals with projected changes in temperature, precipitation and thermal indices related to the agriculture and energy sectors. In this study, 8 regional climate models from the EURO-CORDEX experiment were used for 2 representative concentration pathways: (1) corresponding to radiative forcing value +4.5 W.m−2 in 2100 (RCP4.5) and (2) corresponding to radiative forcing value +8.5 W.m−2 in 2100 (RCP8.5) relative to pre-industrial values. Two future time horizons were carried out for each concentration pathway: (1) near future: 2021–2050 and (2) far future: 2071–2100 with reference to the period of 1971–2000. Future projections were created for: 8 characteristics of temperature, 10 characteristics of precipitation, 5 characteristics for agriculture indices and 4 for energy demands indices. © 2021, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
The study covers the entire area of Poland. Part II of the book presents the results of the study of climate change before instrumental measurements in Poland in the last millennium. More than 50 proxy series including documentary evidences, dendrochronological records and varved sediment records were analysed. On this basis, reconstructions of: summer and winter air temperature, winter severity, precipitation (liquid and solid) and droughts were performed. Part III analysed the long-term changes and variability of 36 climate characteristics for 14 climate elements, indices, meteorological phenomena and weather types using data from 79 weather stations. Most of the climate elements studied were analysed for the base period 1951–2018 (68 years). For some elements and indices shorter study periods were considered. In addition, climate variability was analysed for 10 long measuring series up to 239 years. Variability of circulation indices over a period of 147 years (1873–2019) was investigated as well. Uniform research methods common to all elements and indices were used: (1) coefficient of variability (%), (2) absolute trend (unit/10y); (3) relative trend (%/10y). Part IV of the book deals with projected changes in temperature, precipitation and thermal indices related to the agriculture and energy sectors. In this study, 8 regional climate models from the EURO-CORDEX experiment were used for 2 representative concentration pathways: (1) corresponding to radiative forcing value +4.5 W.m−2 in 2100 (RCP4.5) and (2) corresponding to radiative forcing value +8.5 W.m−2 in 2100 (RCP8.5) relative to pre-industrial values. Two future time horizons were carried out for each concentration pathway: (1) near future: 2021–2050 and (2) far future: 2071–2100 with reference to the period of 1971–2000. Future projections were created for: 8 characteristics of temperature, 10 characteristics of precipitation, 5 characteristics for agriculture indices and 4 for energy demands indices. © 2021, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
Bielec-Bąkowska, Z.
Change of Hail Frequency Book Chapter
In: pp. 443-451, Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2021, ISSN: 23520698.
@inbook{2-s2.0-85107327763,
title = {Change of Hail Frequency},
author = { Z. Bielec-Bąkowska},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85107327763&doi=10.1007%2f978-3-030-70328-8_17&partnerID=40&md5=a2a35b0d992436f481277071388ec043},
doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-70328-8_17},
issn = {23520698},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-01},
journal = {Springer Climate},
pages = {443-451},
publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media B.V.},
abstract = {Data on the number of days with hail from 40 meteorological stations for the years 1966–2018 and from the Scientific Station of the Climatology Department of the Jagiellonian University in Kraków for the years 1901–2018 were used in this study. As a result, it was determined that during analysed periods, from April to September, the average number of days with hail ranges from 0.3 to 1.7, and exceed 10 days in mountainous areas. The largest number of days with hail mostly is recorded in the spring months, and also in the autumn by the Baltic Sea. The spatial differentiation of the occurrence of hail in Poland and their annual course largely depend on the impact of local conditions and the meteorological conditions prevailing over a given area (types of atmospheric circulation; air masses and atmospheric fronts). Except for a few stations, no significant changes in long-term variability of the number of days with hail were observed in the period under investigation (1966–2018). Also in Krakow, from 1901 to present day, no significant changes in the number of days with hail have been recorded. However, it is worth paying attention to the significant changes in the number of days examined from year-to-year. © 2021, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
Data on the number of days with hail from 40 meteorological stations for the years 1966–2018 and from the Scientific Station of the Climatology Department of the Jagiellonian University in Kraków for the years 1901–2018 were used in this study. As a result, it was determined that during analysed periods, from April to September, the average number of days with hail ranges from 0.3 to 1.7, and exceed 10 days in mountainous areas. The largest number of days with hail mostly is recorded in the spring months, and also in the autumn by the Baltic Sea. The spatial differentiation of the occurrence of hail in Poland and their annual course largely depend on the impact of local conditions and the meteorological conditions prevailing over a given area (types of atmospheric circulation; air masses and atmospheric fronts). Except for a few stations, no significant changes in long-term variability of the number of days with hail were observed in the period under investigation (1966–2018). Also in Krakow, from 1901 to present day, no significant changes in the number of days with hail have been recorded. However, it is worth paying attention to the significant changes in the number of days examined from year-to-year. © 2021, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
2019
Bielec-Bąkowska, Z.; Niedźwiedź, T.
Strong highs over the Arctic (1965−2014) Journal Article
In: Climate Research, vol. 78, no. 1, pp. 19-35, 2019, ISSN: 0936577X.
@article{2-s2.0-85066329089,
title = {Strong highs over the Arctic (1965−2014)},
author = { Z. Bielec-Bąkowska and T. Niedźwiedź},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85066329089&doi=10.3354%2fcr01559&partnerID=40&md5=aff3138e3cb4268ec07ee1d34ca7c0ce},
doi = {10.3354/cr01559},
issn = {0936577X},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-01-01},
journal = {Climate Research},
volume = {78},
number = {1},
pages = {19-35},
publisher = {Inter-Research},
abstract = {The main aim of the study was to determine the seasonal and long-term variability of strong high occurrence in the Arctic. The research was based on average daily air pressure values at sea level for the period 1965−2014 at grid points (2.5° × 2.5° grid) derived from NCEP/NCAR reanalyses. The Arctic was defined as an area north of 60° N. The main characteristic defining the occurrence of high pressure and strong high pressure systems was a day in which the pressure at a given grid point was ≥1020 and ≥1030 hPa, respectively. The results obtained revealed large seasonal differences in strong high occurrence in the Arctic. They occur the least frequently (usually once a month) from June to August. In subsequent months, strong highs are more frequent, and from December to February, strong highs occur even several times a month. In terms of the number of days with high pressure and the number of days with strong highs, Greenland, the Siberian part of the Arctic, and the area covering the Beaufort Sea, the East Siberian Sea, and part of the Arctic Ocean stand out. Concerning the entire Arctic, the analysis of the long-term variability of strong high occurrence demonstrated that there are signals of a decline in the number of those baric systems during the period investigated. Decreasing tendency was the strongest up to the 1990s. However, since the beginning of the 21st century, the number of strong highs has increased again. © Inter-Research 2019 · www.int-res.com},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The main aim of the study was to determine the seasonal and long-term variability of strong high occurrence in the Arctic. The research was based on average daily air pressure values at sea level for the period 1965−2014 at grid points (2.5° × 2.5° grid) derived from NCEP/NCAR reanalyses. The Arctic was defined as an area north of 60° N. The main characteristic defining the occurrence of high pressure and strong high pressure systems was a day in which the pressure at a given grid point was ≥1020 and ≥1030 hPa, respectively. The results obtained revealed large seasonal differences in strong high occurrence in the Arctic. They occur the least frequently (usually once a month) from June to August. In subsequent months, strong highs are more frequent, and from December to February, strong highs occur even several times a month. In terms of the number of days with high pressure and the number of days with strong highs, Greenland, the Siberian part of the Arctic, and the area covering the Beaufort Sea, the East Siberian Sea, and part of the Arctic Ocean stand out. Concerning the entire Arctic, the analysis of the long-term variability of strong high occurrence demonstrated that there are signals of a decline in the number of those baric systems during the period investigated. Decreasing tendency was the strongest up to the 1990s. However, since the beginning of the 21st century, the number of strong highs has increased again. © Inter-Research 2019 · www.int-res.com
2018
Bielec-Bąkowska, Z.; Piotrowicz, K.; Krępa-Adolf, E.
Trends in the frost-free season with parallel circulation and air mass statistics in poland Journal Article
In: Idojaras, vol. 122, no. 4, pp. 375-392, 2018, ISSN: 03246329, (5).
@article{2-s2.0-85064124573,
title = {Trends in the frost-free season with parallel circulation and air mass statistics in poland},
author = { Z. Bielec-Bąkowska and K. Piotrowicz and E. Krępa-Adolf},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85064124573&doi=10.28974%2fidojaras.2018.4.2&partnerID=40&md5=32aa7264498b19d3286bc735e4dbf920},
doi = {10.28974/idojaras.2018.4.2},
issn = {03246329},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-01-01},
journal = {Idojaras},
volume = {122},
number = {4},
pages = {375-392},
publisher = {Hungarian Meteorological Service},
abstract = {This study describes the regularities in spatial and multiannual variations in the occurrence of last spring frost (LSF), first fall frost (FFF) and the length of the frost-free season (FFS). In the paper, daily minimum and maximum air temperatures recorded at 20 stations in Poland in 1951–2015 and a calendar of synoptic situations were used. It was found that at 75% of the analyzed stations the FFS period grew longer and the changes were statistically significant. Clearly, the longer length of the season is attributable to the earlier LSF dates. The frosts under investigation were recorded most frequently in anticyclonic situations, especially in the presence of an anticyclonic wedge (Ka) and a central anticyclone situation (Ca). LSFs and FFFs were predominantly accompanied by arctic (PA), polar maritime old (PPms), and polar continental (PPk) air masses. © 2018, Hungarian Meteorological Service. All rights reserved.},
note = {5},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This study describes the regularities in spatial and multiannual variations in the occurrence of last spring frost (LSF), first fall frost (FFF) and the length of the frost-free season (FFS). In the paper, daily minimum and maximum air temperatures recorded at 20 stations in Poland in 1951–2015 and a calendar of synoptic situations were used. It was found that at 75% of the analyzed stations the FFS period grew longer and the changes were statistically significant. Clearly, the longer length of the season is attributable to the earlier LSF dates. The frosts under investigation were recorded most frequently in anticyclonic situations, especially in the presence of an anticyclonic wedge (Ka) and a central anticyclone situation (Ca). LSFs and FFFs were predominantly accompanied by arctic (PA), polar maritime old (PPms), and polar continental (PPk) air masses. © 2018, Hungarian Meteorological Service. All rights reserved.
2017
Szczepanek, K.; Myszkowska, D.; Worobiec, E.; Piotrowicz, K.; Ziemianin, M.; Bielec-Bąkowska, Z.
The long-range transport of Pinaceae pollen: an example in Kraków (southern Poland) Journal Article
In: Aerobiologia, vol. 33, no. 1, pp. 109-125, 2017, ISSN: 03935965, (33).
@article{2-s2.0-84988719553,
title = {The long-range transport of Pinaceae pollen: an example in Kraków (southern Poland)},
author = { K. Szczepanek and D. Myszkowska and E. Worobiec and K. Piotrowicz and M. Ziemianin and Z. Bielec-Bąkowska},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84988719553&doi=10.1007%2fs10453-016-9454-2&partnerID=40&md5=65267553c0e16e354a781238871f41b1},
doi = {10.1007/s10453-016-9454-2},
issn = {03935965},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
journal = {Aerobiologia},
volume = {33},
number = {1},
pages = {109-125},
publisher = {Springer Netherlands},
abstract = {High Pinaceae pollen concentrations in the air and on the surface of puddles before the main pollen season started were observed in Kraków (southern Poland) in May 2013. The paper presents the results of detailed studies of the composition and source of the “yellow rain” in 2013, and as a comparison, the Pinaceae pollen concentrations and samples collected from the ground surface in 2014 were considered. The air samples were collected using the volumetric method (Hirst-type device), while pollen grains sampled from the ground surface were processed using a modified Erdtman acetolysis method. Finally, all samples were studied using a light microscope. In 2013, the period of higher Abies, Picea and Pinus pollen concentrations was observed from the 5 to 12 of May, earlier than the main pollen season occurred. The presence of rainfall on the 12 and 13 of May 2013 caused the pollen deposition on the ground surface, where the prevalence of Pinaceae pollen was found. The synoptic situation and the analysis of the back-trajectories and air mass advection at the beginning of May 2013 indicated that Pinaceae pollen grains could have been transported from Ukraine, Romania, Hungary and Slovakia. In contrast, Pinaceae pollen grains deposited on the ground surface as a “yellow” film in May 2014, originated from local sources. © 2016, The Author(s).},
note = {33},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
High Pinaceae pollen concentrations in the air and on the surface of puddles before the main pollen season started were observed in Kraków (southern Poland) in May 2013. The paper presents the results of detailed studies of the composition and source of the “yellow rain” in 2013, and as a comparison, the Pinaceae pollen concentrations and samples collected from the ground surface in 2014 were considered. The air samples were collected using the volumetric method (Hirst-type device), while pollen grains sampled from the ground surface were processed using a modified Erdtman acetolysis method. Finally, all samples were studied using a light microscope. In 2013, the period of higher Abies, Picea and Pinus pollen concentrations was observed from the 5 to 12 of May, earlier than the main pollen season occurred. The presence of rainfall on the 12 and 13 of May 2013 caused the pollen deposition on the ground surface, where the prevalence of Pinaceae pollen was found. The synoptic situation and the analysis of the back-trajectories and air mass advection at the beginning of May 2013 indicated that Pinaceae pollen grains could have been transported from Ukraine, Romania, Hungary and Slovakia. In contrast, Pinaceae pollen grains deposited on the ground surface as a “yellow” film in May 2014, originated from local sources. © 2016, The Author(s).
2016
Piotrowicz, K.; Bielec-Bąkowska, Z.; Domonkos, P.
High atmospheric pressure and accompanying cold season weather types in Poland (1951-2010) Journal Article
In: Climate Research, vol. 67, no. 2, pp. 165-177, 2016, ISSN: 0936577X, (6).
@article{2-s2.0-84961779038,
title = {High atmospheric pressure and accompanying cold season weather types in Poland (1951-2010)},
author = { K. Piotrowicz and Z. Bielec-Bąkowska and P. Domonkos},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84961779038&doi=10.3354%2fcr01364&partnerID=40&md5=6177f8d979a25f703a525051d1714ae4},
doi = {10.3354/cr01364},
issn = {0936577X},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Climate Research},
volume = {67},
number = {2},
pages = {165-177},
publisher = {Inter-Research},
abstract = {Recent climate change manifests itself in changes to the properties and frequency of particular weather types. This study explores the statistical characteristics of weather types that accompanied strong high sea level pressure (≥1030 hPa 'SHP') over Poland during the period from 1951 to 2010. Sea level pressure NCEP/NCAR Reanalyses data of 2.5° × 2.5° resolution, as well as observed climatic data from 8 Polish weather stations, are used. There was a small increase in SHP frequency during the study period in the cold half-year (October to March), especially for synchronous SHP occurring over the entire territory of Poland. The dominant weather types accompanying SHPs were ground frost and frosty types, although cool and moderately warm types were also frequent. In most cases, days with SHPs were without sunshine and without precipitation. The long-term variability in the frequency of occurrence of particular weather types on days with SHP indicates an increase in the frequency of warmer weather after 1980 as compared to the period before that year. However, this warming demonstrates significant regional and seasonal variation. © Inter-Research 2016.},
note = {6},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Recent climate change manifests itself in changes to the properties and frequency of particular weather types. This study explores the statistical characteristics of weather types that accompanied strong high sea level pressure (≥1030 hPa 'SHP') over Poland during the period from 1951 to 2010. Sea level pressure NCEP/NCAR Reanalyses data of 2.5° × 2.5° resolution, as well as observed climatic data from 8 Polish weather stations, are used. There was a small increase in SHP frequency during the study period in the cold half-year (October to March), especially for synchronous SHP occurring over the entire territory of Poland. The dominant weather types accompanying SHPs were ground frost and frosty types, although cool and moderately warm types were also frequent. In most cases, days with SHPs were without sunshine and without precipitation. The long-term variability in the frequency of occurrence of particular weather types on days with SHP indicates an increase in the frequency of warmer weather after 1980 as compared to the period before that year. However, this warming demonstrates significant regional and seasonal variation. © Inter-Research 2016.
2013
Bielec-Bąkowska, Z.; Piotrowicz, K.
Long-term occurrence, variability and tracks of deep cyclones over Krakow (Central Europe) during the period 1900-2010 Journal Article
In: International Journal of Climatology, vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 677-689, 2013, ISSN: 08998418, (4).
@article{2-s2.0-84873522950,
title = {Long-term occurrence, variability and tracks of deep cyclones over Krakow (Central Europe) during the period 1900-2010},
author = { Z. Bielec-Bąkowska and K. Piotrowicz},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84873522950&doi=10.1002%2fjoc.3459&partnerID=40&md5=8968156027e05786f5970f70ae870389},
doi = {10.1002/joc.3459},
issn = {08998418},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-01-01},
journal = {International Journal of Climatology},
volume = {33},
number = {3},
pages = {677-689},
abstract = {This article discusses patterns in the long-term and seasonal occurrence of deep cyclones over Krakow. This study analysed the frequency of occurrence of air pressure values equal to or lower than the 1st percentile (equivalent to ≤995.3 hPa) of all air pressure values recorded at 12:00 UTC over a period of 110 years (1900/1901-2009/2010). Special attention was devoted to the tracks of deep cyclones. No distinct changes were found in the frequency of occurrence of deep cyclones during the study period. Overall the frequency peaked in December, but in recent years there has been an increase in frequency towards the end of winter and beginning of spring. A similar general lack of noticeable change in the number of days with deep cyclones can also be found in specific tracks. There were minor increases in the frequency of occurrence of cyclones from the Norwegian Sea (T1), the Atlantic (T3), Bay of Biscay (T6) and the Mediterranean (T7) after 1950. The study also found confirmation of the theory that cyclone tracks had shortened at their northeastern extremities. © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society.},
note = {4},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This article discusses patterns in the long-term and seasonal occurrence of deep cyclones over Krakow. This study analysed the frequency of occurrence of air pressure values equal to or lower than the 1st percentile (equivalent to ≤995.3 hPa) of all air pressure values recorded at 12:00 UTC over a period of 110 years (1900/1901-2009/2010). Special attention was devoted to the tracks of deep cyclones. No distinct changes were found in the frequency of occurrence of deep cyclones during the study period. Overall the frequency peaked in December, but in recent years there has been an increase in frequency towards the end of winter and beginning of spring. A similar general lack of noticeable change in the number of days with deep cyclones can also be found in specific tracks. There were minor increases in the frequency of occurrence of cyclones from the Norwegian Sea (T1), the Atlantic (T3), Bay of Biscay (T6) and the Mediterranean (T7) after 1950. The study also found confirmation of the theory that cyclone tracks had shortened at their northeastern extremities. © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society.
2011
Bielec-Bąkowska, Z.; Piotrowicz, K.
Weather types accompanying very high pressure in Krakow in the period 1901-2000 Journal Article
In: International Journal of Climatology, vol. 31, no. 14, pp. 2183-2193, 2011, ISSN: 08998418, (5).
@article{2-s2.0-80054986204,
title = {Weather types accompanying very high pressure in Krakow in the period 1901-2000},
author = { Z. Bielec-Bąkowska and K. Piotrowicz},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80054986204&doi=10.1002%2fjoc.2230&partnerID=40&md5=83fe539869472daaa8fb543682272031},
doi = {10.1002/joc.2230},
issn = {08998418},
year = {2011},
date = {2011-01-01},
journal = {International Journal of Climatology},
volume = {31},
number = {14},
pages = {2183-2193},
abstract = {The paper presents a classification of weather types observed in Krakow during the 20th century on days with particularly strong highs. The classification was based on daily values of a number of weather elements recorded at Krakow's Historic Weather Station during the period 1901-2000. Days with very high pressure were defined as those with an air pressure at 12 UTC equal to or greater than the 99th percentile of all the cases analysed (≥1037.5 hPa). A slightly modified version of a classification developed by Woś (1999) was used to determine weather types on each of the days identified. Very high pressure was found to have occurred solely during the cold half of the year (October-March). It was mostly accompanied by fairly frosty (9---) or moderately frosty (8---) weather types; subtype: sunny or with little cloud amount and very sunny (-02-) and very cloudy, without sunshine or with little sunshine (-20-); and weather class: without fog (---0). No significant annual or seasonal trends were found in the occurrence of days with very high pressure or in the various weather types. © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society.},
note = {5},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The paper presents a classification of weather types observed in Krakow during the 20th century on days with particularly strong highs. The classification was based on daily values of a number of weather elements recorded at Krakow's Historic Weather Station during the period 1901-2000. Days with very high pressure were defined as those with an air pressure at 12 UTC equal to or greater than the 99th percentile of all the cases analysed (≥1037.5 hPa). A slightly modified version of a classification developed by Woś (1999) was used to determine weather types on each of the days identified. Very high pressure was found to have occurred solely during the cold half of the year (October-March). It was mostly accompanied by fairly frosty (9---) or moderately frosty (8---) weather types; subtype: sunny or with little cloud amount and very sunny (-02-) and very cloudy, without sunshine or with little sunshine (-20-); and weather class: without fog (---0). No significant annual or seasonal trends were found in the occurrence of days with very high pressure or in the various weather types. © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society.
Bielec-Bąkowska, Z.; Piotrowicz, K.
Variability of frost-free season in Poland in the period 1951-2006 [Wieloletnia zmienność okresu bezprzymrozkowego w Polsce w latach 1951-2006] Journal Article
In: Prace i Studia Geograficzne, vol. 47, pp. 77-86, 2011, ISSN: 02084589, (8).
@article{2-s2.0-84904001622,
title = {Variability of frost-free season in Poland in the period 1951-2006 [Wieloletnia zmienność okresu bezprzymrozkowego w Polsce w latach 1951-2006]},
author = { Z. Bielec-Bąkowska and K. Piotrowicz},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84904001622&partnerID=40&md5=1f93f2e64c9d1de0b833dec0e74dc9db},
issn = {02084589},
year = {2011},
date = {2011-01-01},
journal = {Prace i Studia Geograficzne},
volume = {47},
pages = {77-86},
publisher = {Faculty of Geography and Regional Studies, University of Warsaw},
abstract = {In the study tendencies in changes of frost-free season at 20 meteorological stations in Poland in the period 1951-2006 were examined. Both changes in the beginning and the end of frost-free season and its length were analysed. At 13 of those examined stations the frost-free season were beginning sooner and sooner (16 days/50 years an average), whereas the tendencies in changes of the end of analysed season lack such a clear distinction. Nevertheless, the length of frost-free season was noticed to be longer from about 15 days in Legnica to about 32 in Łódź. The most significant of the described changes occurred in the west part of the country and the lowest in the east part.},
note = {8},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
In the study tendencies in changes of frost-free season at 20 meteorological stations in Poland in the period 1951-2006 were examined. Both changes in the beginning and the end of frost-free season and its length were analysed. At 13 of those examined stations the frost-free season were beginning sooner and sooner (16 days/50 years an average), whereas the tendencies in changes of the end of analysed season lack such a clear distinction. Nevertheless, the length of frost-free season was noticed to be longer from about 15 days in Legnica to about 32 in Łódź. The most significant of the described changes occurred in the west part of the country and the lowest in the east part.
2010
Bielec-Bąkowska, Z.
A classification of deep cyclones over Poland (1971-2000) Journal Article
In: Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, vol. 35, no. 9-12, pp. 491-497, 2010, ISSN: 14747065, (11).
@article{2-s2.0-77954956709,
title = {A classification of deep cyclones over Poland (1971-2000)},
author = { Z. Bielec-Bąkowska},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77954956709&doi=10.1016%2fj.pce.2009.12.006&partnerID=40&md5=c54e4782828290d876dbc4a8f6e37e02},
doi = {10.1016/j.pce.2009.12.006},
issn = {14747065},
year = {2010},
date = {2010-01-01},
journal = {Physics and Chemistry of the Earth},
volume = {35},
number = {9-12},
pages = {491-497},
abstract = {The paper proposes a classification of deep cyclones determining the weather in Poland grouped according to their track. The study used data from NCEP/NCAR reanalysis spanning the period 1971-2000. The analysis considered: values of 1000. hPa geopotential height at 12 UTC recorded at selected grid points, maps of 1000 and 500. hPa geopotential height and maps of sea-level air-pressure field at 12 UTC.Seven groups of deep cyclones were identified. The dominant groups involved cyclones originating over the North Atlantic and crossing over Iceland (T2=29.3%), and those moving from west to east, typically over the British Isles (T3=26.8%). Other large groups of cyclones involved systems travelling from the Mediterranean towards north-eastern Europe (T7=10.5%), and those moving from the Norwegian Sea though the Baltic Sea into northern and north-eastern Europe (T1=8.4%).Cyclones, with air pressure ranging from 940 to 1000. hPa, were found to have different levels of influence depending on the region. Most of the systems were recorded between October and March (86.4%), but isolated cases were also observed in summer. No statistically significant long-term trends in their occurrence were identified. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd.},
note = {11},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The paper proposes a classification of deep cyclones determining the weather in Poland grouped according to their track. The study used data from NCEP/NCAR reanalysis spanning the period 1971-2000. The analysis considered: values of 1000. hPa geopotential height at 12 UTC recorded at selected grid points, maps of 1000 and 500. hPa geopotential height and maps of sea-level air-pressure field at 12 UTC.Seven groups of deep cyclones were identified. The dominant groups involved cyclones originating over the North Atlantic and crossing over Iceland (T2=29.3%), and those moving from west to east, typically over the British Isles (T3=26.8%). Other large groups of cyclones involved systems travelling from the Mediterranean towards north-eastern Europe (T7=10.5%), and those moving from the Norwegian Sea though the Baltic Sea into northern and north-eastern Europe (T1=8.4%).Cyclones, with air pressure ranging from 940 to 1000. hPa, were found to have different levels of influence depending on the region. Most of the systems were recorded between October and March (86.4%), but isolated cases were also observed in summer. No statistically significant long-term trends in their occurrence were identified. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd.
2009
Bielec-Bąkowska, Z.; Łupikasza, E. B.
Long-term precipitation variability on thunderstorm days in Poland (1951-2000) Journal Article
In: Atmospheric Research, vol. 93, no. 1-3, pp. 506-515, 2009, ISSN: 01698095, (12).
@article{2-s2.0-67349226876,
title = {Long-term precipitation variability on thunderstorm days in Poland (1951-2000)},
author = { Z. Bielec-Bąkowska and E.B. Łupikasza},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-67349226876&doi=10.1016%2fj.atmosres.2008.09.018&partnerID=40&md5=82be7a52360d98a21d1ade255569ed9f},
doi = {10.1016/j.atmosres.2008.09.018},
issn = {01698095},
year = {2009},
date = {2009-01-01},
journal = {Atmospheric Research},
volume = {93},
number = {1-3},
pages = {506-515},
abstract = {The paper discusses the frequency of precipitation, broken down into amount categories, on thunderstorm days in Poland during the period 1951-2000. The authors looked at the number of thunderstorm days with precipitation versus the total thunderstorm days. Frequencies of certain precipitation totals on thunderstorm days were determined for various Polish regions, as well as long-term and annual precipitation variabilities. Daily precipitation and thunderstorm observation records from 47 Polish weather stations were used in the study. Precipitation on thunderstorm days was broken down into the following categories: dry day or trace precipitation, 0.1-10.0 mm, 10.1-20.0 mm, 20.1-30.0 mm, and more than 30.0 mm. These categories were studied for variability in five thunderstorm regions in Poland. The study revealed at that precipitation occurred on most of the thunderstorm days in the second half of the 20th century in Poland (on average 85% of cases). On 63% of thunderstorm days there was between 0.1 and 10.0 mm of rain. Cases of more than 30.0 mm of precipitation were very rare (2.7%) and were recorded mostly in mountainous areas. Annual frequencies of the various precipitation categories were similar across all of the regions. There was more variability in the long-term view, but in most cases no clear trend could be established. Slight decrease in number of thunderstorm days without precipitation (statistically significant in regions II and III) and an increase in days with the lowest precipitation, 0.1-10.0 mm (statistically significant in region V) was stated. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
note = {12},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The paper discusses the frequency of precipitation, broken down into amount categories, on thunderstorm days in Poland during the period 1951-2000. The authors looked at the number of thunderstorm days with precipitation versus the total thunderstorm days. Frequencies of certain precipitation totals on thunderstorm days were determined for various Polish regions, as well as long-term and annual precipitation variabilities. Daily precipitation and thunderstorm observation records from 47 Polish weather stations were used in the study. Precipitation on thunderstorm days was broken down into the following categories: dry day or trace precipitation, 0.1-10.0 mm, 10.1-20.0 mm, 20.1-30.0 mm, and more than 30.0 mm. These categories were studied for variability in five thunderstorm regions in Poland. The study revealed at that precipitation occurred on most of the thunderstorm days in the second half of the 20th century in Poland (on average 85% of cases). On 63% of thunderstorm days there was between 0.1 and 10.0 mm of rain. Cases of more than 30.0 mm of precipitation were very rare (2.7%) and were recorded mostly in mountainous areas. Annual frequencies of the various precipitation categories were similar across all of the regions. There was more variability in the long-term view, but in most cases no clear trend could be established. Slight decrease in number of thunderstorm days without precipitation (statistically significant in regions II and III) and an increase in days with the lowest precipitation, 0.1-10.0 mm (statistically significant in region V) was stated. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Łupikasza, E. B.; Bielec-Bąkowska, Z.; Falarz, M.
Variability of selected extreme meteorological events in Poland Journal Article
In: Geographia Polonica, vol. 82, no. 1, pp. 5-20, 2009, ISSN: 00167282, (1).
@article{2-s2.0-72249110125,
title = {Variability of selected extreme meteorological events in Poland},
author = { E.B. Łupikasza and Z. Bielec-Bąkowska and M. Falarz},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-72249110125&doi=10.7163%2fGPol.2009.1.1&partnerID=40&md5=4d5002dc00e6498df1959acec3ff407e},
doi = {10.7163/GPol.2009.1.1},
issn = {00167282},
year = {2009},
date = {2009-01-01},
journal = {Geographia Polonica},
volume = {82},
number = {1},
pages = {5-20},
publisher = {Polska Akademia Nauk},
abstract = {The principal aim of this paper is to analyze the trends of the multi-annual course of the selected characteristics of extreme precipitation, snow cover and atmospheric thunderstorms in the second half of the twentieth century in Poland. The results of these investigations show that in Poland it is only possible to determine a weak decreasing trend of extreme precipitation events in the S and especially in the SW part of the country. In northern Poland, opposite, although similarly weak, trends have also been observed. It is assumed that the most essential features of long-term changeability of extreme precipitation include a higher than average number of days with extremely high precipitation during the 1960s and 1970s, a distinctly lower frequency of such days during the 1950s, 1980s and in the first half of the 1990s. In Poland it is possible to distinguish four broad homogenous areas in terms of the long-term changes in the occurrence of extreme precipitation events. There is considerable regional differentiation when it comes to the occurrence of thunderstorms in Poland, and their long-term changeability does not show any clear trends. Only three stations have determined a weak increase in the number of thunderstorms during the last 120 years. In some stations, an increase in the number of days with thunderstorms during the winter seasons was also observed. There were no significant trends in extreme snow cover in Poland. The periods that contained large and small areas of extreme snow cover thickness occurred alternately. Since the winter season 1987/88, the area of extremely thin snow cover has remained at a relatively high level.},
note = {1},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The principal aim of this paper is to analyze the trends of the multi-annual course of the selected characteristics of extreme precipitation, snow cover and atmospheric thunderstorms in the second half of the twentieth century in Poland. The results of these investigations show that in Poland it is only possible to determine a weak decreasing trend of extreme precipitation events in the S and especially in the SW part of the country. In northern Poland, opposite, although similarly weak, trends have also been observed. It is assumed that the most essential features of long-term changeability of extreme precipitation include a higher than average number of days with extremely high precipitation during the 1960s and 1970s, a distinctly lower frequency of such days during the 1950s, 1980s and in the first half of the 1990s. In Poland it is possible to distinguish four broad homogenous areas in terms of the long-term changes in the occurrence of extreme precipitation events. There is considerable regional differentiation when it comes to the occurrence of thunderstorms in Poland, and their long-term changeability does not show any clear trends. Only three stations have determined a weak increase in the number of thunderstorms during the last 120 years. In some stations, an increase in the number of days with thunderstorms during the winter seasons was also observed. There were no significant trends in extreme snow cover in Poland. The periods that contained large and small areas of extreme snow cover thickness occurred alternately. Since the winter season 1987/88, the area of extremely thin snow cover has remained at a relatively high level.
2006
Bielec-Bąkowska, Z.; Bakowski, R.
In: Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Sklodowska. Sectio B, vol. 61, pp. 65-71, 2006, ISSN: 01371983, (1).
@article{2-s2.0-38149136441,
title = {Instability indices and convective phenomena occurrence as exemplified by Warszaw [Wskaźniki chwiejności atmosfery a wystepowanie silnych zjawisk konwekcyjnych na przykładzie Warszawy]},
author = { Z. Bielec-Bąkowska and R. Bakowski},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-38149136441&partnerID=40&md5=51aa95e0c7d1a812846344f97b485dd8},
issn = {01371983},
year = {2006},
date = {2006-01-01},
journal = {Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Sklodowska. Sectio B},
volume = {61},
pages = {65-71},
abstract = {The present paper on the example of station in Warsaw attempts to assess the relationship between values of instability indices and convective phenomena occurrence in Poland. The analysis was based on data from sounding of atmosphere from 12:00 UTC, which were carried out in Legionowo near Warsaw and meteorological observations from the meteorological station in Warsaw concerning convective phenomena, which occurred from 06:00 to 18:00 UTC in 1973-2002. In the study six indices of instability of atmosphere: Convective Available Potential Energy (CAPE), Lifted Index (LIFT), Showalter Stability Index (SSI), K Index (KI), Total Totals Index (TTI), Severe Weather Threat Index (SWEAT) were selected and thunderstorms and showers precipitation (including hail) were rated as a convective phenomena. The analysis revealed that in above 60 cases of moderate and very strong atmospheric instability the convective phenomena did not occur. It can be also noticed that in case of four indices (CAPE; LIFT; SSI and SWEAT) most phenomena (> 94) have occurred, when values of indices indicate stability or marginal instability of atmosphere. However, usually conditional probability of the analysed phenomena occurrence is the biggest when the instability is moderate or large, but rarely exceeds 50.},
note = {1},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The present paper on the example of station in Warsaw attempts to assess the relationship between values of instability indices and convective phenomena occurrence in Poland. The analysis was based on data from sounding of atmosphere from 12:00 UTC, which were carried out in Legionowo near Warsaw and meteorological observations from the meteorological station in Warsaw concerning convective phenomena, which occurred from 06:00 to 18:00 UTC in 1973-2002. In the study six indices of instability of atmosphere: Convective Available Potential Energy (CAPE), Lifted Index (LIFT), Showalter Stability Index (SSI), K Index (KI), Total Totals Index (TTI), Severe Weather Threat Index (SWEAT) were selected and thunderstorms and showers precipitation (including hail) were rated as a convective phenomena. The analysis revealed that in above 60 cases of moderate and very strong atmospheric instability the convective phenomena did not occur. It can be also noticed that in case of four indices (CAPE; LIFT; SSI and SWEAT) most phenomena (> 94) have occurred, when values of indices indicate stability or marginal instability of atmosphere. However, usually conditional probability of the analysed phenomena occurrence is the biggest when the instability is moderate or large, but rarely exceeds 50.
Bielec-Bąkowska, Z.
Determination of thunderstorm regions in Poland [Wyznaczanie regionów burzowych w Polsce] Journal Article
In: Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Sklodowska. Sectio B, vol. 61, pp. 57-64, 2006, ISSN: 01371983, (1).
@article{2-s2.0-38149067412,
title = {Determination of thunderstorm regions in Poland [Wyznaczanie regionów burzowych w Polsce]},
author = { Z. Bielec-Bąkowska},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-38149067412&partnerID=40&md5=668635f3714502af7fb5b8d8ec4cb9eb},
issn = {01371983},
year = {2006},
date = {2006-01-01},
journal = {Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Sklodowska. Sectio B},
volume = {61},
pages = {57-64},
abstract = {In the paper three methods of distinguishing of the thunderstorm regions in Poland were presented. In each case different periods (10-; 30- and 50-year-long) of thunderstorm observations as well as the number of meteorological stations (from 42 to 52) were used. Annual number of days with thunderstorms or yearly course of days with thunderstorms were the main criteria of the regionalisations. Depending on criteria and method of regionalisation from 5 to 16 thunderstorm regions were obtained. Two regions can be distinguished in each division: seacoast region and region of the Carpathian Mountains where the annual number of days with thunderstorm is the smallest and the largest in Poland respectively.},
note = {1},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
In the paper three methods of distinguishing of the thunderstorm regions in Poland were presented. In each case different periods (10-; 30- and 50-year-long) of thunderstorm observations as well as the number of meteorological stations (from 42 to 52) were used. Annual number of days with thunderstorms or yearly course of days with thunderstorms were the main criteria of the regionalisations. Depending on criteria and method of regionalisation from 5 to 16 thunderstorm regions were obtained. Two regions can be distinguished in each division: seacoast region and region of the Carpathian Mountains where the annual number of days with thunderstorm is the smallest and the largest in Poland respectively.
2003
Bednorz, E.; Kolendowicz, L.; Bielec-Bąkowska, Z.; Bokwa, A.; Żelazny, M.; Kicińska, B.; Lewik, P.; Nowosad, M.; Ustrnul, Z.
In: Przeglad Geofizyczny, vol. 48, no. 1-2, pp. 11-32, 2003, ISSN: 00332135, (1).
@article{2-s2.0-1642374246,
title = {Regionalisations, typologies and climatic seasons with application of cluster analysis [Regionalizacje, typologie i wyznaczania sezonów klimatycznych z zastosowaniem analizy skupień]},
author = { E. Bednorz and L. Kolendowicz and Z. Bielec-Bąkowska and A. Bokwa and M. Żelazny and B. Kicińska and P. Lewik and M. Nowosad and Z. Ustrnul},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-1642374246&partnerID=40&md5=d7695c70987ecdb3d091116f051fca9f},
issn = {00332135},
year = {2003},
date = {2003-01-01},
journal = {Przeglad Geofizyczny},
volume = {48},
number = {1-2},
pages = {11-32},
abstract = {In the paper are presented examples of regionalisation, typology and delimiting climatic seasons, completed with chosen cluster analysis methods: K-means, Ward's and Wrocław dendrite. The methods were used to distinguish atmospheric circulation regions on the Northern hemisphere, thunderstorm regions and sulphur dioxide pollution regions in Poland, and snow-cover regions in North-Western Poland. Moreover, atmospheric circulation seasons, skiing seasons and thermal seasons were defined. The methods were also used for typology of thermal structure in the air layer near the ground, and for an attempt to define the relations between physical-chemical features of precipitation and meteorological conditions. The presented examples prove that it is possible to approach the problems of regionalisation and typology in climatology in a new way, namely without a priori assumptions, without imposing at the beginning the elements determining the spatial pattern of a phenomena. Additionally, it is very important that such an analysis requires from the researcher independence, responsibility and lot of criticism while interpreting the results, especially using non-hierarchical methods. Finally, the presented methods allow us to obtain the image of both spatial and temporal differentiation of chosen elements.},
note = {1},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
In the paper are presented examples of regionalisation, typology and delimiting climatic seasons, completed with chosen cluster analysis methods: K-means, Ward's and Wrocław dendrite. The methods were used to distinguish atmospheric circulation regions on the Northern hemisphere, thunderstorm regions and sulphur dioxide pollution regions in Poland, and snow-cover regions in North-Western Poland. Moreover, atmospheric circulation seasons, skiing seasons and thermal seasons were defined. The methods were also used for typology of thermal structure in the air layer near the ground, and for an attempt to define the relations between physical-chemical features of precipitation and meteorological conditions. The presented examples prove that it is possible to approach the problems of regionalisation and typology in climatology in a new way, namely without a priori assumptions, without imposing at the beginning the elements determining the spatial pattern of a phenomena. Additionally, it is very important that such an analysis requires from the researcher independence, responsibility and lot of criticism while interpreting the results, especially using non-hierarchical methods. Finally, the presented methods allow us to obtain the image of both spatial and temporal differentiation of chosen elements.
Bielec-Bąkowska, Z.
Long-term variability of thunderstorm occurrence in Poland in the 20th century Journal Article
In: Atmospheric Research, vol. 67-68, pp. 35-52, 2003, ISSN: 01698095, (37).
@article{2-s2.0-0141515310,
title = {Long-term variability of thunderstorm occurrence in Poland in the 20th century},
author = { Z. Bielec-Bąkowska},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0141515310&doi=10.1016%2fS0169-8095%2803%2900082-6&partnerID=40&md5=14b417dd805a2c58c62605fa5f50f861},
doi = {10.1016/S0169-8095(03)00082-6},
issn = {01698095},
year = {2003},
date = {2003-01-01},
journal = {Atmospheric Research},
volume = {67-68},
pages = {35-52},
publisher = {Elsevier BV},
abstract = {The main aim of this study was to present thunderstorms' occurrence in Poland in the 20th century. The paper also attempts to assess the impact of atmospheric circulation on the variability of number of days with thunderstorms and estimate synoptic conditions conducive to the formation of thunderstorms. The analysis was based on thunderstorm observations from 56 synoptic stations in Poland in the period 1951-2000 and 7 stations for the years 1885-2000. In the second part of the study, the types of synoptic situations elaborated by Osuchowska-Klein, the types of synoptic situations by T. Niedźwiedź, indices of atmospheric circulation by Z. Ustrnul and index of North-Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). As a result, it was determined that during the analysed period, no tendency was found in the multi-annual course of mean yearly number of days with thunderstorms in Poland, and the values usually do not differ much from the value typical for the climatic-geographical region in which Poland is situated. Synoptic situations have less influence on thunderstorm occurrence than that usually suspected. The eastern advection has the largest influence on the occurrence of the days with thunderstorms, especially in southern Poland. The analysis of relations between the variability of number of days with thunderstorms and the changes of the circulation indices proved these regularities. © 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
note = {37},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The main aim of this study was to present thunderstorms' occurrence in Poland in the 20th century. The paper also attempts to assess the impact of atmospheric circulation on the variability of number of days with thunderstorms and estimate synoptic conditions conducive to the formation of thunderstorms. The analysis was based on thunderstorm observations from 56 synoptic stations in Poland in the period 1951-2000 and 7 stations for the years 1885-2000. In the second part of the study, the types of synoptic situations elaborated by Osuchowska-Klein, the types of synoptic situations by T. Niedźwiedź, indices of atmospheric circulation by Z. Ustrnul and index of North-Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). As a result, it was determined that during the analysed period, no tendency was found in the multi-annual course of mean yearly number of days with thunderstorms in Poland, and the values usually do not differ much from the value typical for the climatic-geographical region in which Poland is situated. Synoptic situations have less influence on thunderstorm occurrence than that usually suspected. The eastern advection has the largest influence on the occurrence of the days with thunderstorms, especially in southern Poland. The analysis of relations between the variability of number of days with thunderstorms and the changes of the circulation indices proved these regularities. © 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
2001
Bielec-Bąkowska, Z.
Long-term variability of thunderstorms and thunderstorm precipitation occurrence in Cracow, Poland, in the period 1896-1995 Journal Article
In: Atmospheric Research, vol. 56, no. 1-4, pp. 161-170, 2001, ISSN: 01698095, (21).
@article{2-s2.0-0034456225,
title = {Long-term variability of thunderstorms and thunderstorm precipitation occurrence in Cracow, Poland, in the period 1896-1995},
author = { Z. Bielec-Bąkowska},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0034456225&doi=10.1016%2fS0169-8095%2800%2900096-X&partnerID=40&md5=aabd78acdec9ef8621775ef2ab18d668},
doi = {10.1016/S0169-8095(00)00096-X},
issn = {01698095},
year = {2001},
date = {2001-01-01},
journal = {Atmospheric Research},
volume = {56},
number = {1-4},
pages = {161-170},
publisher = {Elsevier BV},
abstract = {On the basis of the 100-year (1896-1995) meteorological observation series in Cracow, the analysis of the long-term variability of the days with thunderstorms and the accompanying precipitation was undertaken. The analysis revealed the high variability of the annual number of the days with thunderstorms. The analysis also found that the annual average number of days with thunderstorms in the winter season has increased, especially during the last 30 years. Analysing sums of precipitation in the days with thunderstorms, it was found that the majority of the studied sums of precipitation had the values from 0.1 up to 10.0 mm. The frequency of precipitation higher than 20.0 mm decreased from the beginning of the analysed period. The daily sums of precipitation higher than 60.0 mm occurred 1 in 10 years. Analyses of the impact of synoptic situations on the frequency of thunderstorm occurrence showed that the days with thunderstorms occurred most often during cyclonic situations (68%). Three types of situations were found to be favourable for thunderstorm formation: the cyclonic trough (Bc-26%), the western cyclonic situation (Wc-13%) and the anticyclonic wedge (Ka-9%). The least frequent situation was the central anticyclonic (Ca-0.7%). © 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.},
note = {21},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
On the basis of the 100-year (1896-1995) meteorological observation series in Cracow, the analysis of the long-term variability of the days with thunderstorms and the accompanying precipitation was undertaken. The analysis revealed the high variability of the annual number of the days with thunderstorms. The analysis also found that the annual average number of days with thunderstorms in the winter season has increased, especially during the last 30 years. Analysing sums of precipitation in the days with thunderstorms, it was found that the majority of the studied sums of precipitation had the values from 0.1 up to 10.0 mm. The frequency of precipitation higher than 20.0 mm decreased from the beginning of the analysed period. The daily sums of precipitation higher than 60.0 mm occurred 1 in 10 years. Analyses of the impact of synoptic situations on the frequency of thunderstorm occurrence showed that the days with thunderstorms occurred most often during cyclonic situations (68%). Three types of situations were found to be favourable for thunderstorm formation: the cyclonic trough (Bc-26%), the western cyclonic situation (Wc-13%) and the anticyclonic wedge (Ka-9%). The least frequent situation was the central anticyclonic (Ca-0.7%). © 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
2000
Bielec-Bąkowska, Z.; Kolendowicz, L.
In: Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Sklodowska. Sectio B, no. 55-56, pp. 59-65, 2000, ISSN: 01371983.
@article{2-s2.0-0034590111,
title = {Problems connected with the observation and climatological elaborations of thunderstorms [Problemy zwia̧zane z obserwacja̧ i opracowaniami klimatologicznymi burz]},
author = { Z. Bielec-Bąkowska and L. Kolendowicz},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0034590111&partnerID=40&md5=4119342a1a36018b6e390aad63378f92},
issn = {01371983},
year = {2000},
date = {2000-01-01},
journal = {Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Sklodowska. Sectio B},
number = {55-56},
pages = {59-65},
abstract = {[No abstract available]},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
[No abstract available]