• dr hab. Bożena Kolano
Stanowisko: Profesor Uczelni
Jednostka: Wydział Nauk Przyrodniczych
Adres: 40-032 Katowice, ul. Jagiellońska 28
Piętro: III
Numer pokoju: A-316
Telefon: (32) 2009 468
E-mail: bozena.kolano@us.edu.pl
Spis publikacji: Spis wg CINiBA
Spis publikacji: Spis wg OPUS
Scopus Author ID: 6507436132
Publikacje z bazy Scopus
2023
Yücel, G.; Senderowicz, M.; Kolano, B. A.
The Use of Ribosomal DNA for Comparative Cytogenetics Book Chapter
In: vol. 2672, pp. 265-284, Humana Press Inc., 2023, ISSN: 10643745.
@inbook{2-s2.0-85162664843,
title = {The Use of Ribosomal DNA for Comparative Cytogenetics},
author = { G. Yücel and M. Senderowicz and B.A. Kolano},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85162664843&doi=10.1007%2f978-1-0716-3226-0_17&partnerID=40&md5=147ab83757c4a3216b72472ef614aed9},
doi = {10.1007/978-1-0716-3226-0_17},
issn = {10643745},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-01-01},
journal = {Methods in Molecular Biology},
volume = {2672},
pages = {265-284},
publisher = {Humana Press Inc.},
abstract = {Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequences provides excellent chromosome markers for comparative cytogenetic analyses, especially in non-model plant species. The tandem repeat nature of a sequence and the presence of a highly conserved genic region make rDNA sequences relatively easy to isolate and clone. In this chapter, we describe the use of rDNA as markers for comparative cytogenetics studies. Traditionally, cloned probes labeled with Nick-translation have been used to detect rDNA loci. Recently, pre-labeled oligonucleotides are also employed quite frequently to detect both 35S and 5S rDNA loci. Ribosomal DNA sequences, together with other DNA probes in FISH/GISH or with fluorochromes such as CMA3 banding or silver staining, are very useful tools in comparative analyses of plant karyotypes. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.},
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Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequences provides excellent chromosome markers for comparative cytogenetic analyses, especially in non-model plant species. The tandem repeat nature of a sequence and the presence of a highly conserved genic region make rDNA sequences relatively easy to isolate and clone. In this chapter, we describe the use of rDNA as markers for comparative cytogenetics studies. Traditionally, cloned probes labeled with Nick-translation have been used to detect rDNA loci. Recently, pre-labeled oligonucleotides are also employed quite frequently to detect both 35S and 5S rDNA loci. Ribosomal DNA sequences, together with other DNA probes in FISH/GISH or with fluorochromes such as CMA3 banding or silver staining, are very useful tools in comparative analyses of plant karyotypes. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
2022
Yücel, G.; Betekhtin, A.; CabI, E.; Tuna, M.; Hasterok, R.; Kolano, B. A.
The Chromosome Number and rDNA Loci Evolution in Onobrychis (Fabaceae) Journal Article
In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, vol. 23, no. 19, 2022, ISSN: 16616596, (2).
@article{2-s2.0-85139931114,
title = {The Chromosome Number and rDNA Loci Evolution in Onobrychis (Fabaceae)},
author = { G. Yücel and A. Betekhtin and E. CabI and M. Tuna and R. Hasterok and B.A. Kolano},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85139931114&doi=10.3390%2fijms231911033&partnerID=40&md5=420940d23056c306f8913a2a35f4204e},
doi = {10.3390/ijms231911033},
issn = {16616596},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-01-01},
journal = {International Journal of Molecular Sciences},
volume = {23},
number = {19},
publisher = {MDPI},
abstract = {The evolution of chromosome number and ribosomal DNA (rDNA) loci number and localisation were studied in Onobrychis Mill. Diploid and tetraploid species, as well as two basic chromosome numbers},
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The evolution of chromosome number and ribosomal DNA (rDNA) loci number and localisation were studied in Onobrychis Mill. Diploid and tetraploid species, as well as two basic chromosome numbers
Senderowicz, M.; Nowak, T.; Weiss-Schneeweiss, H.; Papp, L.; Kolano, B. A.
Molecular and Cytogenetic Analysis of rDNA Evolution in Crepis Sensu Lato Journal Article
In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, vol. 23, no. 7, 2022, ISSN: 16616596, (4).
@article{2-s2.0-85127146318,
title = {Molecular and Cytogenetic Analysis of rDNA Evolution in Crepis Sensu Lato},
author = { M. Senderowicz and T. Nowak and H. Weiss-Schneeweiss and L. Papp and B.A. Kolano},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85127146318&doi=10.3390%2fijms23073643&partnerID=40&md5=cfb490639901fb87f4504b18e6954abb},
doi = {10.3390/ijms23073643},
issn = {16616596},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-01-01},
journal = {International Journal of Molecular Sciences},
volume = {23},
number = {7},
publisher = {MDPI},
abstract = {Although Crepis was the first model plant group in which chromosomal changes were considered to play an important role in speciation, their chromosome structure and evolution have been barely investigated using molecular cytogenetic methods. The aim of the study was to provide a better understanding of the patterns and directions of Crepis chromosome evolution, using comparative analyses of rDNA loci number and localisation. The chromosome base number and chromosomal organisation of 5S and 35S rDNA loci were analysed in the phylogenetic background for 39 species of Crepis, which represent the evolutionary lineages of Crepis sensu stricto and Lagoseris, including Lapsana communis. The phylogenetic relationships among all the species were inferred from nrITS and newly obtained 5S rDNA NTS sequences. Despite high variations in rDNA loci chromosomal organisation, most species had a chromosome with both rDNA loci within the same (usually short) chromosomal arm. The comparative analyses revealed several independent rDNA loci number gains and loci repositioning that accompanied diversification and speciation in Crepis. Some of the changes in rDNA loci patterns were reconstructed for the same evolutionary lineages as descending dysploidy. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.},
note = {4},
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Although Crepis was the first model plant group in which chromosomal changes were considered to play an important role in speciation, their chromosome structure and evolution have been barely investigated using molecular cytogenetic methods. The aim of the study was to provide a better understanding of the patterns and directions of Crepis chromosome evolution, using comparative analyses of rDNA loci number and localisation. The chromosome base number and chromosomal organisation of 5S and 35S rDNA loci were analysed in the phylogenetic background for 39 species of Crepis, which represent the evolutionary lineages of Crepis sensu stricto and Lagoseris, including Lapsana communis. The phylogenetic relationships among all the species were inferred from nrITS and newly obtained 5S rDNA NTS sequences. Despite high variations in rDNA loci chromosomal organisation, most species had a chromosome with both rDNA loci within the same (usually short) chromosomal arm. The comparative analyses revealed several independent rDNA loci number gains and loci repositioning that accompanied diversification and speciation in Crepis. Some of the changes in rDNA loci patterns were reconstructed for the same evolutionary lineages as descending dysploidy. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
Borowska-Zuchowska, N.; Senderowicz, M.; Trunova, D.; Kolano, B. A.
Tracing the Evolution of the Angiosperm Genome from the Cytogenetic Point of View Journal Article
In: Plants, vol. 11, no. 6, 2022, ISSN: 22237747, (6).
@article{2-s2.0-85126676587,
title = {Tracing the Evolution of the Angiosperm Genome from the Cytogenetic Point of View},
author = { N. Borowska-Zuchowska and M. Senderowicz and D. Trunova and B.A. Kolano},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85126676587&doi=10.3390%2fplants11060784&partnerID=40&md5=0ff7266399f134d3db4054f0fbc1f6b2},
doi = {10.3390/plants11060784},
issn = {22237747},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-01-01},
journal = {Plants},
volume = {11},
number = {6},
publisher = {MDPI},
abstract = {Cytogenetics constitutes a branch of genetics that is focused on the cellular components, especially chromosomes, in relation to heredity and genome structure, function and evolution. The use of modern cytogenetic approaches and the latest microscopes with image acquisition and processing systems enables the simultaneous two-or three-dimensional, multicolour visualisation of both single-copy and highly-repetitive sequences in the plant genome. The data that is gathered using the cytogenetic methods in the phylogenetic background enable tracing the evolution of the plant genome that involve changes in: (i) genome sizes; (ii) chromosome numbers and morphology; (iii) the content of repetitive sequences and (iv) ploidy level. Modern cytogenetic approaches such as FISH using chromosome-and genome-specific probes have been widely used in studies of the evolution of diploids and the consequences of polyploidy. Nowadays, modern cytogenetics complements analyses in other fields of cell biology and constitutes the linkage between genetics, molecular biology and genomics. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.},
note = {6},
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Cytogenetics constitutes a branch of genetics that is focused on the cellular components, especially chromosomes, in relation to heredity and genome structure, function and evolution. The use of modern cytogenetic approaches and the latest microscopes with image acquisition and processing systems enables the simultaneous two-or three-dimensional, multicolour visualisation of both single-copy and highly-repetitive sequences in the plant genome. The data that is gathered using the cytogenetic methods in the phylogenetic background enable tracing the evolution of the plant genome that involve changes in: (i) genome sizes; (ii) chromosome numbers and morphology; (iii) the content of repetitive sequences and (iv) ploidy level. Modern cytogenetic approaches such as FISH using chromosome-and genome-specific probes have been widely used in studies of the evolution of diploids and the consequences of polyploidy. Nowadays, modern cytogenetics complements analyses in other fields of cell biology and constitutes the linkage between genetics, molecular biology and genomics. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
2021
Senderowicz, M.; Nowak, T.; Rojek-Jelonek, M.; Bisaga, M.; Papp, L.; Weiss-Schneeweiss, H.; Kolano, B. A.
Descending dysploidy and bidirectional changes in genome size accompanied crepis (Asteraceae) evolution Journal Article
In: Genes, vol. 12, no. 9, 2021, ISSN: 20734425, (3).
@article{2-s2.0-85115662928,
title = {Descending dysploidy and bidirectional changes in genome size accompanied crepis (Asteraceae) evolution},
author = { M. Senderowicz and T. Nowak and M. Rojek-Jelonek and M. Bisaga and L. Papp and H. Weiss-Schneeweiss and B.A. Kolano},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85115662928&doi=10.3390%2fgenes12091436&partnerID=40&md5=452ed52123cfdbc7f2e2f8b120fbcdcb},
doi = {10.3390/genes12091436},
issn = {20734425},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-01},
journal = {Genes},
volume = {12},
number = {9},
publisher = {MDPI},
abstract = {The evolution of the karyotype and genome size was examined in species of Crepis sensu lato. The phylogenetic relationships, inferred from the plastid and nrITS DNA sequences, were used as a framework to infer the patterns of karyotype evolution. Five different base chromosome numbers (x = 3; 4; 5; 6; and 11) were observed. A phylogenetic analysis of the evolution of the chromosome numbers allowed the inference of x = 6 as the ancestral state and the descending dysploidy as the major direction of the chromosome base number evolution. The derived base chromosome numbers (x = 5; 4; and 3) were found to have originated independently and recurrently in the different lineages of the genus. A few independent events of increases in karyotype asymmetry were inferred to have accompanied the karyotype evolution in Crepis. The genome sizes of 33 Crepis species differed seven-fold and the ancestral genome size was reconstructed to be 1C = 3.44 pg. Both decreases and increases in the genome size were inferred to have occurred within and between the lineages. The data suggest that, in addition to dysploidy, the amplification/elimination of various repetitive DNAs was likely involved in the genome and taxa differentiation in the genus. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.},
note = {3},
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The evolution of the karyotype and genome size was examined in species of Crepis sensu lato. The phylogenetic relationships, inferred from the plastid and nrITS DNA sequences, were used as a framework to infer the patterns of karyotype evolution. Five different base chromosome numbers (x = 3; 4; 5; 6; and 11) were observed. A phylogenetic analysis of the evolution of the chromosome numbers allowed the inference of x = 6 as the ancestral state and the descending dysploidy as the major direction of the chromosome base number evolution. The derived base chromosome numbers (x = 5; 4; and 3) were found to have originated independently and recurrently in the different lineages of the genus. A few independent events of increases in karyotype asymmetry were inferred to have accompanied the karyotype evolution in Crepis. The genome sizes of 33 Crepis species differed seven-fold and the ancestral genome size was reconstructed to be 1C = 3.44 pg. Both decreases and increases in the genome size were inferred to have occurred within and between the lineages. The data suggest that, in addition to dysploidy, the amplification/elimination of various repetitive DNAs was likely involved in the genome and taxa differentiation in the genus. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
2020
Hunt, S. P.; Jarvis, D. E.; Larsen, D. J.; Mosyakin, S. L.; Kolano, B. A.; Jackson, E. W.; Martin, S. L.; Jellen, E. N.; Maughan, P. J.
A Chromosome-Scale Assembly of the Garden Orach (Atriplex hortensis L.) Genome Using Oxford Nanopore Sequencing Journal Article
In: Frontiers in Plant Science, vol. 11, 2020, ISSN: 1664462X, (3).
@article{2-s2.0-85086177035,
title = {A Chromosome-Scale Assembly of the Garden Orach (Atriplex hortensis L.) Genome Using Oxford Nanopore Sequencing},
author = { S.P. Hunt and D.E. Jarvis and D.J. Larsen and S.L. Mosyakin and B.A. Kolano and E.W. Jackson and S.L. Martin and E.N. Jellen and P.J. Maughan},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85086177035&doi=10.3389%2ffpls.2020.00624&partnerID=40&md5=01e9005bf04e5a7948eed29edcc65874},
doi = {10.3389/fpls.2020.00624},
issn = {1664462X},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
journal = {Frontiers in Plant Science},
volume = {11},
publisher = {Frontiers Media S.A.},
abstract = {Atriplex hortensis (2n = 2x = 18; 1C genome size ∼1.1 gigabases), also known as garden orach and mountain-spinach, is a highly nutritious, broadleaf annual of the Amaranthaceae-Chenopodiaceae alliance (Chenopodiaceae sensu stricto; subfam. Chenopodioideae) that has spread in cultivation from its native primary domestication area in Eurasia to other temperate and subtropical regions worldwide. Atriplex L. is a highly complex but, as understood now, a monophyletic group of mainly halophytic and/or xerophytic plants, of which A. hortensis has been a vegetable of minor importance in some areas of Eurasia (from Central Asia to the Mediterranean) at least since antiquity. Nonetheless, it is a crop with tremendous nutritional potential due primarily to its exceptional leaf and seed protein quantities (approaching 30%) and quality (high levels of lysine). Although there is some literature describing the taxonomy and production of A. hortensis, there is a general lack of genetic and genomic data that would otherwise help elucidate the genetic variation, phylogenetic positioning, and future potential of the species. Here, we report the assembly of the first high-quality, chromosome-scale reference genome for A. hortensis cv. “Golden.” Long-read data from Oxford Nanopore’s MinION DNA sequencer was assembled with the program Canu and polished with Illumina short reads. Contigs were scaffolded to chromosome scale using chromatin-proximity maps (Hi-C) yielding a final assembly containing 1,325 scaffolds with a N50 of 98.9 Mb – with 94.7% of the assembly represented in the nine largest, chromosome-scale scaffolds. Sixty-six percent of the genome was classified as highly repetitive DNA, with the most common repetitive elements being Gypsy-(32%) and Copia-like (11%) long-terminal repeats. The annotation was completed using MAKER which identified 37,083 gene models and 2,555 tRNA genes. Completeness of the genome, assessed using the Benchmarking Universal Single Copy Orthologs (BUSCO) metric, identified 97.5% of the conserved orthologs as complete, with only 2.2% being duplicated, reflecting the diploid nature of A. hortensis. A resequencing panel of 21 wild, unimproved and cultivated A. hortensis accessions revealed three distinct populations with little variation within subpopulations. These resources provide vital information to better understand A. hortensis and facilitate future study. © Copyright © 2020 Hunt, Jarvis, Larsen, Mosyakin, Kolano, Jackson, Martin, Jellen and Maughan.},
note = {3},
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Atriplex hortensis (2n = 2x = 18; 1C genome size ∼1.1 gigabases), also known as garden orach and mountain-spinach, is a highly nutritious, broadleaf annual of the Amaranthaceae-Chenopodiaceae alliance (Chenopodiaceae sensu stricto; subfam. Chenopodioideae) that has spread in cultivation from its native primary domestication area in Eurasia to other temperate and subtropical regions worldwide. Atriplex L. is a highly complex but, as understood now, a monophyletic group of mainly halophytic and/or xerophytic plants, of which A. hortensis has been a vegetable of minor importance in some areas of Eurasia (from Central Asia to the Mediterranean) at least since antiquity. Nonetheless, it is a crop with tremendous nutritional potential due primarily to its exceptional leaf and seed protein quantities (approaching 30%) and quality (high levels of lysine). Although there is some literature describing the taxonomy and production of A. hortensis, there is a general lack of genetic and genomic data that would otherwise help elucidate the genetic variation, phylogenetic positioning, and future potential of the species. Here, we report the assembly of the first high-quality, chromosome-scale reference genome for A. hortensis cv. “Golden.” Long-read data from Oxford Nanopore’s MinION DNA sequencer was assembled with the program Canu and polished with Illumina short reads. Contigs were scaffolded to chromosome scale using chromatin-proximity maps (Hi-C) yielding a final assembly containing 1,325 scaffolds with a N50 of 98.9 Mb – with 94.7% of the assembly represented in the nine largest, chromosome-scale scaffolds. Sixty-six percent of the genome was classified as highly repetitive DNA, with the most common repetitive elements being Gypsy-(32%) and Copia-like (11%) long-terminal repeats. The annotation was completed using MAKER which identified 37,083 gene models and 2,555 tRNA genes. Completeness of the genome, assessed using the Benchmarking Universal Single Copy Orthologs (BUSCO) metric, identified 97.5% of the conserved orthologs as complete, with only 2.2% being duplicated, reflecting the diploid nature of A. hortensis. A resequencing panel of 21 wild, unimproved and cultivated A. hortensis accessions revealed three distinct populations with little variation within subpopulations. These resources provide vital information to better understand A. hortensis and facilitate future study. © Copyright © 2020 Hunt, Jarvis, Larsen, Mosyakin, Kolano, Jackson, Martin, Jellen and Maughan.
2019
Desta, Z. A.; Kolano, B. A.; Shamim, Z.; Armstrong, S. J.; Rewers, M.; Sliwinska, E.; Kushwaha, S. K.; Parkin, I. A.; Ortiz, R.; de Koning, D. J.
Field cress genome mapping: Integrating linkage and comparative maps with cytogenetic analysis for rDNA carrying chromosomes Journal Article
In: Scientific Reports, vol. 9, no. 1, 2019, ISSN: 20452322, (4).
@article{2-s2.0-85075193819,
title = {Field cress genome mapping: Integrating linkage and comparative maps with cytogenetic analysis for rDNA carrying chromosomes},
author = { Z.A. Desta and B.A. Kolano and Z. Shamim and S.J. Armstrong and M. Rewers and E. Sliwinska and S.K. Kushwaha and I.A. Parkin and R. Ortiz and D.J. de Koning},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85075193819&doi=10.1038%2fs41598-019-53320-0&partnerID=40&md5=3494459b31e56b8ec9ce2f0f1b180ac3},
doi = {10.1038/s41598-019-53320-0},
issn = {20452322},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-01-01},
journal = {Scientific Reports},
volume = {9},
number = {1},
publisher = {Nature Research},
abstract = {Field cress (Lepidium campestre L.), despite its potential as a sustainable alternative oilseed plant, has been underutilized, and no prior attempts to characterize the genome at the genetic or molecular cytogenetic level have been conducted. Genetic maps are the foundation for anchoring and orienting annotated genome assemblies and positional cloning of candidate genes. Our principal goal was to construct a genetic map using integrated approaches of genetic, comparative and cytogenetic map analyses. In total, 503 F2 interspecific hybrid individuals were genotyped using 7,624 single nucleotide polymorphism markers. Comparative analysis demonstrated that ~57% of the sequenced loci in L. campestre were congruent with Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) genome and suggested a novel karyotype, which predates the ancestral crucifer karyotype. Aceto-orcein chromosome staining and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analyses confirmed that L. campestre, L. heterophyllum Benth. and their hybrids had a chromosome number of 2n = 2x = 16. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that both species possess 2C roughly 0.4 picogram DNA. Integrating linkage and comparative maps with cytogenetic map analyses assigned two linkage groups to their particular chromosomes. Future work could incorporate FISH utilizing A. thaliana mapped BAC clones to allow the chromosomes of field cress to be identified reliably. © 2019, The Author(s).},
note = {4},
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Field cress (Lepidium campestre L.), despite its potential as a sustainable alternative oilseed plant, has been underutilized, and no prior attempts to characterize the genome at the genetic or molecular cytogenetic level have been conducted. Genetic maps are the foundation for anchoring and orienting annotated genome assemblies and positional cloning of candidate genes. Our principal goal was to construct a genetic map using integrated approaches of genetic, comparative and cytogenetic map analyses. In total, 503 F2 interspecific hybrid individuals were genotyped using 7,624 single nucleotide polymorphism markers. Comparative analysis demonstrated that ~57% of the sequenced loci in L. campestre were congruent with Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) genome and suggested a novel karyotype, which predates the ancestral crucifer karyotype. Aceto-orcein chromosome staining and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analyses confirmed that L. campestre, L. heterophyllum Benth. and their hybrids had a chromosome number of 2n = 2x = 16. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that both species possess 2C roughly 0.4 picogram DNA. Integrating linkage and comparative maps with cytogenetic map analyses assigned two linkage groups to their particular chromosomes. Future work could incorporate FISH utilizing A. thaliana mapped BAC clones to allow the chromosomes of field cress to be identified reliably. © 2019, The Author(s).
Kolano, B. A.; McCann, J.; Oskędra, M.; Chrapek, M.; Rojek-Jelonek, M.; Nobis, A.; Weiss-Schneeweiss, H.
Parental origin and genome evolution of several eurasian hexaploid species of chenopodium (Chenopodiaceae) Journal Article
In: Phytotaxa, vol. 392, no. 3, pp. 163-185, 2019, ISSN: 11793155, (10).
@article{2-s2.0-85064201621,
title = {Parental origin and genome evolution of several eurasian hexaploid species of chenopodium (Chenopodiaceae)},
author = { B.A. Kolano and J. McCann and M. Oskędra and M. Chrapek and M. Rojek-Jelonek and A. Nobis and H. Weiss-Schneeweiss},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85064201621&doi=10.11646%2fphytotaxa.392.3.1&partnerID=40&md5=6ba7b755e6a163ed3081a1dcbab2a333},
doi = {10.11646/phytotaxa.392.3.1},
issn = {11793155},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-01-01},
journal = {Phytotaxa},
volume = {392},
number = {3},
pages = {163-185},
publisher = {Magnolia Press},
abstract = {Hybridization and polyploidization appear to be widespread, or even ubiquitous, in the evolution of Chenopodium sensu stricto, but the origin and the evolutionary history of species of polyploid chenopods is still poorly understood. Phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences of nrITS, four plastid regions, and the 5S rDNA spacer region (NTS) of five Eurasian hexaploid species (2n = 6x = 54), C. album, C. giganteum, C. pedunculare, C. formosanum, and C. opulifolium, and their diploid and tetraploid relatives, as well as genomic in situ hybridization (GISH), indicate their allohexaploid origin. It is inferred that the origins of all hexaploids analyzed here involved some B-genome diploid(s). The identity of the other parent/parents is more elusive. In the case of C. album, C. giganteum, and C. pedunculare, the second maternal parent seems to be similar to the C. betaceum (C. strictum auct.) or C. striatiforme, or Asian diploids. In genomes of allohexaploids C. album, C. giganteum, and C. pedunculare, half of their rDNA loci was located in chromosomes of the B-subgenome. The remaining rDNA loci were located in chromosomes that originated from another parent (or other parents). Although 35S rDNA loci inherited from two parental species seem to be present in these hexaploids, only one ribotype of nrITS was detected. © 2019 Magnolia Press.},
note = {10},
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Hybridization and polyploidization appear to be widespread, or even ubiquitous, in the evolution of Chenopodium sensu stricto, but the origin and the evolutionary history of species of polyploid chenopods is still poorly understood. Phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences of nrITS, four plastid regions, and the 5S rDNA spacer region (NTS) of five Eurasian hexaploid species (2n = 6x = 54), C. album, C. giganteum, C. pedunculare, C. formosanum, and C. opulifolium, and their diploid and tetraploid relatives, as well as genomic in situ hybridization (GISH), indicate their allohexaploid origin. It is inferred that the origins of all hexaploids analyzed here involved some B-genome diploid(s). The identity of the other parent/parents is more elusive. In the case of C. album, C. giganteum, and C. pedunculare, the second maternal parent seems to be similar to the C. betaceum (C. strictum auct.) or C. striatiforme, or Asian diploids. In genomes of allohexaploids C. album, C. giganteum, and C. pedunculare, half of their rDNA loci was located in chromosomes of the B-subgenome. The remaining rDNA loci were located in chromosomes that originated from another parent (or other parents). Although 35S rDNA loci inherited from two parental species seem to be present in these hexaploids, only one ribotype of nrITS was detected. © 2019 Magnolia Press.
Maragheh, F. P.; Janus, D.; Senderowicz, M.; Haliloglu, K.; Kolano, B. A.
Karyotype analysis of eight cultivated Allium species Journal Article
In: Journal of Applied Genetics, vol. 60, no. 1, pp. 1-11, 2019, ISSN: 12341983, (14).
@article{2-s2.0-85055702000,
title = {Karyotype analysis of eight cultivated Allium species},
author = { F.P. Maragheh and D. Janus and M. Senderowicz and K. Haliloglu and B.A. Kolano},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85055702000&doi=10.1007%2fs13353-018-0474-1&partnerID=40&md5=121010f98c19d1067a84b57439e1acc7},
doi = {10.1007/s13353-018-0474-1},
issn = {12341983},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Applied Genetics},
volume = {60},
number = {1},
pages = {1-11},
publisher = {Springer Verlag},
abstract = {The karyotypes of Allium, a genus that comprises many crops and ornamental plants, are relatively poorly studied. To extend our knowledge on karyotype structure of the genus, the chromosomal organization of rRNA genes and CMA/DAPI bands was studied. Fluorescence in situ hybridization using 5S and 35S rDNA probes and banding methods (silver staining and CMA3/DAPI staining) were used to analyze the karyotypes of eight cultivated Allium L. species. Analyzed Allium taxa revealed three different basic chromosome numbers (x = 7; 8; 9) and three different ploidy levels (diploid; triploid; and tetraploid). The rDNA sites chromosomal organization is reported the first time for the six species (A. moly; A. oreophilum; A. karataviense; A. nigrum; A. sphaerocephalon; A. porrum). The Allium species that were analyzed showed a high level of interspecies polymorphism in the number and localization of the rDNA sites. The fluorescence in situ hybridization patterns of 35S rDNA sites were more polymorphic than those of the 5S rDNA in the diploid species. Several groups of similar chromosomes could be distinguished among the chromosomes that had rDNA sites in the polyploid species. Each of the groups had three chromosomes (triploid A. sphaerocephalon L.) or four chromosomes (tetraploid A. porrum L.) suggesting their autopolyploid origin. In the genomes of four of the analyzed species, only some of the 35S rDNA sites were transcriptionally active. Fluorochrome banding revealed that the CMA3+ bands were associated with the 35S rDNA sites in all of the species that were analyzed, except A. fistulosum L. in which positive CMA3+ bands were detected in the terminal position of all of the chromosome arms. The rDNA sequences, nucleolar organizer regions (NORs), and CMA/DAPI bands are very good chromosome markers that allowed to distinguished from two to five pairs of homologous chromosomes in analyzed Allium species. The karyotypes of the studied species could be clearly distinguished by the number and position of the rDNA sites, NORs, and CMA/DAPI bands, which revealed high interspecific differentiation among the taxa. © 2018, The Author(s).},
note = {14},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The karyotypes of Allium, a genus that comprises many crops and ornamental plants, are relatively poorly studied. To extend our knowledge on karyotype structure of the genus, the chromosomal organization of rRNA genes and CMA/DAPI bands was studied. Fluorescence in situ hybridization using 5S and 35S rDNA probes and banding methods (silver staining and CMA3/DAPI staining) were used to analyze the karyotypes of eight cultivated Allium L. species. Analyzed Allium taxa revealed three different basic chromosome numbers (x = 7; 8; 9) and three different ploidy levels (diploid; triploid; and tetraploid). The rDNA sites chromosomal organization is reported the first time for the six species (A. moly; A. oreophilum; A. karataviense; A. nigrum; A. sphaerocephalon; A. porrum). The Allium species that were analyzed showed a high level of interspecies polymorphism in the number and localization of the rDNA sites. The fluorescence in situ hybridization patterns of 35S rDNA sites were more polymorphic than those of the 5S rDNA in the diploid species. Several groups of similar chromosomes could be distinguished among the chromosomes that had rDNA sites in the polyploid species. Each of the groups had three chromosomes (triploid A. sphaerocephalon L.) or four chromosomes (tetraploid A. porrum L.) suggesting their autopolyploid origin. In the genomes of four of the analyzed species, only some of the 35S rDNA sites were transcriptionally active. Fluorochrome banding revealed that the CMA3+ bands were associated with the 35S rDNA sites in all of the species that were analyzed, except A. fistulosum L. in which positive CMA3+ bands were detected in the terminal position of all of the chromosome arms. The rDNA sequences, nucleolar organizer regions (NORs), and CMA/DAPI bands are very good chromosome markers that allowed to distinguished from two to five pairs of homologous chromosomes in analyzed Allium species. The karyotypes of the studied species could be clearly distinguished by the number and position of the rDNA sites, NORs, and CMA/DAPI bands, which revealed high interspecific differentiation among the taxa. © 2018, The Author(s).
2018
Orzechowska, M.; Majka, M.; Weiss-Schneeweiss, H.; Kovaík, A.; Borowska-Zuchowska, N.; Kolano, B. A.
Organization and evolution of two repetitive sequences, 18-24J and 12-13P, in the genome of Chenopodium (Amaranthaceae) Journal Article
In: Genome, vol. 61, no. 9, pp. 643-652, 2018, ISSN: 08312796, (6).
@article{2-s2.0-85052958313,
title = {Organization and evolution of two repetitive sequences, 18-24J and 12-13P, in the genome of Chenopodium (Amaranthaceae)},
author = { M. Orzechowska and M. Majka and H. Weiss-Schneeweiss and A. Kovaík and N. Borowska-Zuchowska and B.A. Kolano},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85052958313&doi=10.1139%2fgen-2018-0044&partnerID=40&md5=4f434b61b8d0db4820323f8cfbf14c99},
doi = {10.1139/gen-2018-0044},
issn = {08312796},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-01-01},
journal = {Genome},
volume = {61},
number = {9},
pages = {643-652},
publisher = {Canadian Science Publishing},
abstract = {The abundance and chromosomal organization of two repetitive sequences named 12-13P and 18-24J were analyzed in 24 diploid and nine polyploid species of Chenopodium s.l., with special attention to Chenopodium s.s. Both sequences were predominantly present in species of Chenopodium s.s.; however, differences in the amplification levels were observed among the species. The 12-13P repeat was highly amplified in all of the analyzed Eurasian species, whereas the American diploids showed a marked variation in the amplification levels. The 12-13P repeat contains a tandemly arranged 40 bp minisatellite element forming a large proportion of the genome of Chenopodium (up to 3.5%). FISH revealed its localization to the pericentromeric regions of the chromosomes. The chromosomal distribution of 12-13P delivered additional chromosomal marker for B-genome diploids. The 18-24J repeat showed a dispersed organization in all of the chromosomes of the analyzed diploid species and the Eurasian tetraploids. In the American allotetraploids (C. quinoa; C. berlandieri) and Eurasian allohexaploids (e.g.; C. album) very intense hybridization signals of 18-24J were observed only on 18 chromosomes that belong to the B subgenome of these polyploids. Combined cytogenetic and molecular analyses suggests that reorganization of these two repeats accompanied the diversification and speciation of diploid (especially A genome) and polyploid species of Chenopodium s.s. © 2018 Published by NRC Research Press.},
note = {6},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The abundance and chromosomal organization of two repetitive sequences named 12-13P and 18-24J were analyzed in 24 diploid and nine polyploid species of Chenopodium s.l., with special attention to Chenopodium s.s. Both sequences were predominantly present in species of Chenopodium s.s.; however, differences in the amplification levels were observed among the species. The 12-13P repeat was highly amplified in all of the analyzed Eurasian species, whereas the American diploids showed a marked variation in the amplification levels. The 12-13P repeat contains a tandemly arranged 40 bp minisatellite element forming a large proportion of the genome of Chenopodium (up to 3.5%). FISH revealed its localization to the pericentromeric regions of the chromosomes. The chromosomal distribution of 12-13P delivered additional chromosomal marker for B-genome diploids. The 18-24J repeat showed a dispersed organization in all of the chromosomes of the analyzed diploid species and the Eurasian tetraploids. In the American allotetraploids (C. quinoa; C. berlandieri) and Eurasian allohexaploids (e.g.; C. album) very intense hybridization signals of 18-24J were observed only on 18 chromosomes that belong to the B subgenome of these polyploids. Combined cytogenetic and molecular analyses suggests that reorganization of these two repeats accompanied the diversification and speciation of diploid (especially A genome) and polyploid species of Chenopodium s.s. © 2018 Published by NRC Research Press.
2016
Kolano, B. A.; McCann, J.; Orzechowska, M.; Siwińska, D.; Temsch, E.; Weiss-Schneeweiss, H.
Molecular and cytogenetic evidence for an allotetraploid origin of Chenopodium quinoa and C. berlandieri (Amaranthaceae) Journal Article
In: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, vol. 100, pp. 109-123, 2016, ISSN: 10557903, (32).
@article{2-s2.0-84962915550,
title = {Molecular and cytogenetic evidence for an allotetraploid origin of Chenopodium quinoa and C. berlandieri (Amaranthaceae)},
author = { B.A. Kolano and J. McCann and M. Orzechowska and D. Siwińska and E. Temsch and H. Weiss-Schneeweiss},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84962915550&doi=10.1016%2fj.ympev.2016.04.009&partnerID=40&md5=f32cb4019dbada940d643557f2d49c7e},
doi = {10.1016/j.ympev.2016.04.009},
issn = {10557903},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution},
volume = {100},
pages = {109-123},
publisher = {Academic Press Inc.},
abstract = {Most of the cultivated chenopods are polyploids, but their origin and evolutionary history are still poorly understood. Phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences of four plastid regions, nrITS and nuclear 5S rDNA spacer region (NTS) of two tetraploid chenopods (2n = 4x = 36), Andean C. quinoa and North American C. berlandieri, and their diploid relatives allowed inferences of their origin. The phylogenetic analyses confirmed allotetraploid origin of both tetraploids involving diploids of two different genomic groups (genomes A and B) and suggested that these two might share very similar parentage.The hypotheses on the origin of the two allopolyploid species were further tested using genomic in situ hybridization (GISH). Several diploid Chenopodium species belonging to the two lineages, genome A and B, suggested by phylogenetic analyses, were tested as putative parental taxa. GISH differentiated two sets of parental chromosomes in both tetraploids and further corroborated their allotetraploid origin. Putative diploid parental taxa have been suggested by GISH for C. quinoa and C. berlandieri. Genome sizes of the analyzed allotetraploids fit nearly perfectly the expected additive values of the putative parental taxa. Directional and uniparental loss of rDNA loci of the maternal A-subgenome was revealed for both C. berlandieri and C. quinoa. © 2016 Elsevier Inc.},
note = {32},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Most of the cultivated chenopods are polyploids, but their origin and evolutionary history are still poorly understood. Phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences of four plastid regions, nrITS and nuclear 5S rDNA spacer region (NTS) of two tetraploid chenopods (2n = 4x = 36), Andean C. quinoa and North American C. berlandieri, and their diploid relatives allowed inferences of their origin. The phylogenetic analyses confirmed allotetraploid origin of both tetraploids involving diploids of two different genomic groups (genomes A and B) and suggested that these two might share very similar parentage.The hypotheses on the origin of the two allopolyploid species were further tested using genomic in situ hybridization (GISH). Several diploid Chenopodium species belonging to the two lineages, genome A and B, suggested by phylogenetic analyses, were tested as putative parental taxa. GISH differentiated two sets of parental chromosomes in both tetraploids and further corroborated their allotetraploid origin. Putative diploid parental taxa have been suggested by GISH for C. quinoa and C. berlandieri. Genome sizes of the analyzed allotetraploids fit nearly perfectly the expected additive values of the putative parental taxa. Directional and uniparental loss of rDNA loci of the maternal A-subgenome was revealed for both C. berlandieri and C. quinoa. © 2016 Elsevier Inc.
Chartier, M.; Liagre, S.; Weiss-Schneeweiss, H.; Kolano, B. A.; Bessière, J. M.; Schönenberger, J.; Gibernau, M.
Floral traits and pollination ecology of European Arum hybrids Journal Article
In: Oecologia, vol. 180, no. 2, pp. 439-451, 2016, ISSN: 00298549, (12).
@article{2-s2.0-84955376186,
title = {Floral traits and pollination ecology of European Arum hybrids},
author = { M. Chartier and S. Liagre and H. Weiss-Schneeweiss and B.A. Kolano and J.M. Bessière and J. Schönenberger and M. Gibernau},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84955376186&doi=10.1007%2fs00442-015-3498-9&partnerID=40&md5=28f2b9afd66e30abd620ecd66f0980a6},
doi = {10.1007/s00442-015-3498-9},
issn = {00298549},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Oecologia},
volume = {180},
number = {2},
pages = {439-451},
publisher = {Springer Verlag},
abstract = {Hybridisation is common in plants and can affect the genetic diversity and ecology of sympatric parental populations. Hybrids may resemble the parental species in their ecology, leading to competition and/or gene introgression; alternatively, they may diverge from the parental phenotypes, possibly leading to the colonisation of new ecological niches and to speciation. Here, we describe inflorescence morphology, ploidy levels, pollinator attractive scents, and pollinator guilds of natural hybrids of Arum italicum and A. maculatum (Araceae) from a site with sympatric parental populations in southern France to determine how these traits affect the hybrid pollination ecology. Hybrids were characterised by inflorescences with a size and a number of flowers more similar to A. italicum than to A. maculatum. In most cases, hybrid stamens were purple, as in A. maculatum, and spadix appendices yellow, as in A. italicum. Hybrid floral scent was closer to that of A. italicum, but shared some compounds with A. maculatum and comprised unique compounds. Also, the pollinator guild of the hybrids was similar to that of A. italicum. Nevertheless, the hybrids attracted a high proportion of individuals of the main pollinator of A. maculatum. We discuss the effects of hybridisation in sympatric parental zones in which hybrids exhibit low levels of reproductive success, the establishment of reproductive barriers between parental species, the role of the composition of floral attractive scents in the differential attraction of pollinators and in the competition between hybrids and their parental species, and the potential of hybridisation to give rise to new independent lineages. © 2015, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.},
note = {12},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Hybridisation is common in plants and can affect the genetic diversity and ecology of sympatric parental populations. Hybrids may resemble the parental species in their ecology, leading to competition and/or gene introgression; alternatively, they may diverge from the parental phenotypes, possibly leading to the colonisation of new ecological niches and to speciation. Here, we describe inflorescence morphology, ploidy levels, pollinator attractive scents, and pollinator guilds of natural hybrids of Arum italicum and A. maculatum (Araceae) from a site with sympatric parental populations in southern France to determine how these traits affect the hybrid pollination ecology. Hybrids were characterised by inflorescences with a size and a number of flowers more similar to A. italicum than to A. maculatum. In most cases, hybrid stamens were purple, as in A. maculatum, and spadix appendices yellow, as in A. italicum. Hybrid floral scent was closer to that of A. italicum, but shared some compounds with A. maculatum and comprised unique compounds. Also, the pollinator guild of the hybrids was similar to that of A. italicum. Nevertheless, the hybrids attracted a high proportion of individuals of the main pollinator of A. maculatum. We discuss the effects of hybridisation in sympatric parental zones in which hybrids exhibit low levels of reproductive success, the establishment of reproductive barriers between parental species, the role of the composition of floral attractive scents in the differential attraction of pollinators and in the competition between hybrids and their parental species, and the potential of hybridisation to give rise to new independent lineages. © 2015, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
2015
Kolano, B. A.; Siwińska, D.; McCann, J.; Weiss-Schneeweiss, H.
The evolution of genome size and rDNA in diploid species of Chenopodium s.l. (Amaranthaceae) Journal Article
In: Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, vol. 179, no. 2, pp. 218-235, 2015, ISSN: 00244074, (20).
@article{2-s2.0-84941316011,
title = {The evolution of genome size and rDNA in diploid species of Chenopodium s.l. (Amaranthaceae)},
author = { B.A. Kolano and D. Siwińska and J. McCann and H. Weiss-Schneeweiss},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84941316011&doi=10.1111%2fboj.12321&partnerID=40&md5=e7855ebbd9a0efc76233b689ff8c7d98},
doi = {10.1111/boj.12321},
issn = {00244074},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society},
volume = {179},
number = {2},
pages = {218-235},
publisher = {Blackwell Publishing Ltd},
abstract = {The evolution of genome size and ribosomal DNA (rDNA) locus organization was analysed in 23 diploid species of Chenopodium s.l., all of which share the same base chromosome number of x=9. Phylogenetic relationships among these species were inferred from plastid and nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (nrITS) DNA sequences. The molecular phylogenetic analyses assigned all analysed species of Chenopodium s.l. to six evolutionary lineages, corresponding to the recent new generic taxonomic treatment of Chenopodium s.l. The distribution of rDNA loci for four species is presented here for the first time using fluorescence insitu hybridization (FISH) with 5S and 35S rDNA probes. Most of the 23 analysed diploid Chenopodium spp. possessed a single subterminally located 35S rDNA locus, except for three species which possessed two 35S rDNA loci. One or two 5S rDNA loci were typically localized subterminally on chromosomes, rarely interstitially. Analyses of rDNA locus numbers in a phylogenetic context resulted in the reconstruction of one locus each of 35S rDNA and 5S rDNA, both in subterminal positions, as the ancestral state. Genome sizes determined using flow cytometry were relatively small (2C value<2.8pg), ranging from 0.734pg in C.schraderianum to 2.721pg in C.californicum (nearly four-fold difference), and were often conserved within major phylogenetic lineages, suggesting an adaptive value. The reconstructed ancestral genome size was small for all evolutionary lineages, and changes have probably coincided with the divergence of major lineages. © 2015 The Linnean Society of London.},
note = {20},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The evolution of genome size and ribosomal DNA (rDNA) locus organization was analysed in 23 diploid species of Chenopodium s.l., all of which share the same base chromosome number of x=9. Phylogenetic relationships among these species were inferred from plastid and nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (nrITS) DNA sequences. The molecular phylogenetic analyses assigned all analysed species of Chenopodium s.l. to six evolutionary lineages, corresponding to the recent new generic taxonomic treatment of Chenopodium s.l. The distribution of rDNA loci for four species is presented here for the first time using fluorescence insitu hybridization (FISH) with 5S and 35S rDNA probes. Most of the 23 analysed diploid Chenopodium spp. possessed a single subterminally located 35S rDNA locus, except for three species which possessed two 35S rDNA loci. One or two 5S rDNA loci were typically localized subterminally on chromosomes, rarely interstitially. Analyses of rDNA locus numbers in a phylogenetic context resulted in the reconstruction of one locus each of 35S rDNA and 5S rDNA, both in subterminal positions, as the ancestral state. Genome sizes determined using flow cytometry were relatively small (2C value<2.8pg), ranging from 0.734pg in C.schraderianum to 2.721pg in C.californicum (nearly four-fold difference), and were often conserved within major phylogenetic lineages, suggesting an adaptive value. The reconstructed ancestral genome size was small for all evolutionary lineages, and changes have probably coincided with the divergence of major lineages. © 2015 The Linnean Society of London.
Matanguihan, J. B.; Maughan, P. J.; Jellen, E. N.; Kolano, B. A.
Quinoa Cytogenetics, Molecular Genetics, and Diversity Book Chapter
In: pp. 109-123, wiley, 2015, ISBN: 9781118628041; 9781118628058, (4).
@inbook{2-s2.0-85015926340,
title = {Quinoa Cytogenetics, Molecular Genetics, and Diversity},
author = { J.B. Matanguihan and P.J. Maughan and E.N. Jellen and B.A. Kolano},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85015926340&doi=10.1002%2f9781118628041.ch7&partnerID=40&md5=5f24bbf18c6ae5f9b0ed6e2efb00f44f},
doi = {10.1002/9781118628041.ch7},
isbn = {9781118628041; 9781118628058},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Quinoa: Improvement and Sustainable Production},
pages = {109-123},
publisher = {wiley},
abstract = {Quinoa's importance as an internationally exported food crop has expanded greatly within the past decade. This chapter describes the cytogenetic and genomic structure of quinoa- information that points to potentially close genetic relatives and, therefore, exploitable exotic gene sources along with a series of advanced, DNA-based molecular genetic tools to facilitate and accelerate the transfer of exotic genes into Chenopodium quinoa. The recent awareness of the importance of quinoa in food security of the Andean region as well as a growing export health food market has led to the establishment of several new quinoa breeding programs. The phenotypic and genetic diversity of quinoa is borne out by its wide distribution in the Andes. Genetic events, such as genetic drift, genetic bottlenecks, and founder effects, have been illustrated by genetic diversity studies in quinoa. Genetic relationships within quinoa populations have revealed the influence of various production systems on quinoa biodiversity. © 2015 Wiley-Blackwell. All rights reserved.},
note = {4},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
Quinoa's importance as an internationally exported food crop has expanded greatly within the past decade. This chapter describes the cytogenetic and genomic structure of quinoa- information that points to potentially close genetic relatives and, therefore, exploitable exotic gene sources along with a series of advanced, DNA-based molecular genetic tools to facilitate and accelerate the transfer of exotic genes into Chenopodium quinoa. The recent awareness of the importance of quinoa in food security of the Andean region as well as a growing export health food market has led to the establishment of several new quinoa breeding programs. The phenotypic and genetic diversity of quinoa is borne out by its wide distribution in the Andes. Genetic events, such as genetic drift, genetic bottlenecks, and founder effects, have been illustrated by genetic diversity studies in quinoa. Genetic relationships within quinoa populations have revealed the influence of various production systems on quinoa biodiversity. © 2015 Wiley-Blackwell. All rights reserved.
2013
Kolano, B. A.; Saracka, K.; Broda-Cnota, A.; Małuszyńska, J.
Localization of ribosomal DNA and CMA3/DAPI heterochromatin in cultivated and wild Amaranthus species Journal Article
In: Scientia Horticulturae, vol. 164, pp. 249-255, 2013, ISSN: 03044238, (10).
@article{2-s2.0-84885831535,
title = {Localization of ribosomal DNA and CMA3/DAPI heterochromatin in cultivated and wild Amaranthus species},
author = { B.A. Kolano and K. Saracka and A. Broda-Cnota and J. Małuszyńska},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84885831535&doi=10.1016%2fj.scienta.2013.09.016&partnerID=40&md5=de11c5ceaf868f0e9e19701554cb3ea6},
doi = {10.1016/j.scienta.2013.09.016},
issn = {03044238},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-01-01},
journal = {Scientia Horticulturae},
volume = {164},
pages = {249-255},
abstract = {The distributional pattern of GC-rich regions and the physical mapping of ribosomal DNA (location of 35S and 5S rDNA) in the chromosomes of fourteen Amaranthus species were established using fluorochrome banding and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The karyotypes are composed of 2n=32 or 2n=34 chromosomes. Some species were also shown to exhibit infraspecific polymorphism in the chromosome number and consisted of accessions with both of these chromosome numbers. Two families of ribosomal genes, 35S and 5S rDNA, were separated onto different pairs in chromosome complements of most of the species examined. Both 35S and 5S rDNA sites were always located in the terminal part of the chromosomes and usually 35S rDNA sites were present in a lower number than the 5S rDNA sites in most of the species that were analyzed. Polymorphism of the rDNA site number was observed in three species. Fluorochrome banding revealed that CMA+/DAPI- bands were associated with the 35S rDNA sites in all of the species that were analyzed. In some amaranth accessions, 5S rDNA regions were also GC-rich. The possible mechanisms of the evolution of rDNA loci are discussed. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.},
note = {10},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The distributional pattern of GC-rich regions and the physical mapping of ribosomal DNA (location of 35S and 5S rDNA) in the chromosomes of fourteen Amaranthus species were established using fluorochrome banding and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The karyotypes are composed of 2n=32 or 2n=34 chromosomes. Some species were also shown to exhibit infraspecific polymorphism in the chromosome number and consisted of accessions with both of these chromosome numbers. Two families of ribosomal genes, 35S and 5S rDNA, were separated onto different pairs in chromosome complements of most of the species examined. Both 35S and 5S rDNA sites were always located in the terminal part of the chromosomes and usually 35S rDNA sites were present in a lower number than the 5S rDNA sites in most of the species that were analyzed. Polymorphism of the rDNA site number was observed in three species. Fluorochrome banding revealed that CMA+/DAPI- bands were associated with the 35S rDNA sites in all of the species that were analyzed. In some amaranth accessions, 5S rDNA regions were also GC-rich. The possible mechanisms of the evolution of rDNA loci are discussed. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.
Tarwacka, J.; Polkowska-Kowalczyk, L.; Kolano, B. A.; Śliwka, J.; Wielgat, B.
Interspecific somatic hybrids Solanum villosum (+) S. tuberosum, resistant to Phytophthora infestans Journal Article
In: Journal of Plant Physiology, vol. 170, no. 17, pp. 1541-1548, 2013, ISSN: 01761617, (14).
@article{2-s2.0-84884986604,
title = {Interspecific somatic hybrids Solanum villosum (+) S. tuberosum, resistant to Phytophthora infestans},
author = { J. Tarwacka and L. Polkowska-Kowalczyk and B.A. Kolano and J. Śliwka and B. Wielgat},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84884986604&doi=10.1016%2fj.jplph.2013.06.013&partnerID=40&md5=4b5daca07fa88c0857b380be3dcca8a1},
doi = {10.1016/j.jplph.2013.06.013},
issn = {01761617},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Plant Physiology},
volume = {170},
number = {17},
pages = {1541-1548},
abstract = {The interspecific somatic hybrids 4. x S. villosum (+) 2. x S. tuberosum clone DG 81-68 (VT hybrids) were obtained and characterized molecularly and cytogenetically.The morphology of fusion-derived plants was intermediate in relation to the parental species. The expected ploidy level of the regenerants was 6. x for the VT hybrids, but the real ploidy of the hybrids varied, with some of them being euploids, and others - aneuploids. The hybridity of the regenerants was verified by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. Despite the variation in ploidy, the RAPD patterns of the hybrids were mostly uniform, suggesting similarity of the genotypes of the VT clones. Genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) analysis discriminated between the chromosomes of both parental genomes in VT somatic hybrids and also confirmed their hybridity. The resistance of VT somatic hybrids to Phytophthora infestans was evaluated and all of the hybrids proved to be highly resistant. In search of the mechanisms involved in resistance of the Solanum species to P. infestans, the biochemical reactions occurring early after elicitor treatment were studied. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), as one of the earliest reactions induced by pathogens or their elicitors, was examined in the resistant wild species S. villosum, susceptible S. tuberosum clone DG 81-68 and in the VT hybrid, resistant to P. infestans. After treatment of the leaves with elicitor, the relative increase in ROS production was higher in leaves of the susceptible potato clone than in the resistant plants of S. villosum and the somatic hybrid. © 2013 Elsevier GmbH.},
note = {14},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The interspecific somatic hybrids 4. x S. villosum (+) 2. x S. tuberosum clone DG 81-68 (VT hybrids) were obtained and characterized molecularly and cytogenetically.The morphology of fusion-derived plants was intermediate in relation to the parental species. The expected ploidy level of the regenerants was 6. x for the VT hybrids, but the real ploidy of the hybrids varied, with some of them being euploids, and others - aneuploids. The hybridity of the regenerants was verified by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. Despite the variation in ploidy, the RAPD patterns of the hybrids were mostly uniform, suggesting similarity of the genotypes of the VT clones. Genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) analysis discriminated between the chromosomes of both parental genomes in VT somatic hybrids and also confirmed their hybridity. The resistance of VT somatic hybrids to Phytophthora infestans was evaluated and all of the hybrids proved to be highly resistant. In search of the mechanisms involved in resistance of the Solanum species to P. infestans, the biochemical reactions occurring early after elicitor treatment were studied. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), as one of the earliest reactions induced by pathogens or their elicitors, was examined in the resistant wild species S. villosum, susceptible S. tuberosum clone DG 81-68 and in the VT hybrid, resistant to P. infestans. After treatment of the leaves with elicitor, the relative increase in ROS production was higher in leaves of the susceptible potato clone than in the resistant plants of S. villosum and the somatic hybrid. © 2013 Elsevier GmbH.
Kolano, B. A.; Bednara, E.; Weiss-Schneeweiss, H.
Isolation and characterization of reverse transcriptase fragments of LTR retrotransposons from the genome of Chenopodium quinoa (Amaranthaceae) Journal Article
In: Plant Cell Reports, vol. 32, no. 10, pp. 1575-1588, 2013, ISSN: 07217714, (17).
@article{2-s2.0-84884202124,
title = {Isolation and characterization of reverse transcriptase fragments of LTR retrotransposons from the genome of Chenopodium quinoa (Amaranthaceae)},
author = { B.A. Kolano and E. Bednara and H. Weiss-Schneeweiss},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84884202124&doi=10.1007%2fs00299-013-1468-4&partnerID=40&md5=76970a9690267b52697df9c31e41d84e},
doi = {10.1007/s00299-013-1468-4},
issn = {07217714},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-01-01},
journal = {Plant Cell Reports},
volume = {32},
number = {10},
pages = {1575-1588},
abstract = {Key message: High heterogeneity was observed among conserved domains of reverse transcriptase (rt) isolated from quinoa. Only one Ty1- copia rt was highly amplified. Reverse transcriptase sequences were located predominantly in pericentromeric region of quinoa chromosomes. The heterogeneity, genomic abundance, and chromosomal distribution of reverse transcriptase (rt)-coding fragments of Ty1-copia and Ty3-gypsy long terminal repeat retrotransposons were analyzed in the Chenopodium quinoa genome. Conserved domains of the rt gene were amplified and characterized using degenerate oligonucleotide primer pairs. Sequence analyses indicated that half of Ty1-copia rt (51 %) and 39 % of Ty3-gypsy rt fragments contained intact reading frames. High heterogeneity among rt sequences was observed for both Ty1-copia and Ty3-gypsy rt amplicons, with Ty1-copia more heterogeneous than Ty3-gypsy. Most of the isolated rt fragments were present in quinoa genome in low copy numbers, with only one highly amplified Ty1-copia rt sequence family. The gypsy-like RNase H fragments co-amplified with Ty1-copia-degenerate primers were shown to be highly amplified in the quinoa genome indicating either higher abundance of some gypsy families of which rt domains could not be amplified, or independent evolution of this gypsy-region in quinoa. Both Ty1-copia and Ty3-gypsy retrotransposons were preferentially located in pericentromeric heterochromatin of quinoa chromosomes. Phylogenetic analyses of newly amplified rt fragments together with well-characterized retrotransposon families from other organisms allowed identification of major lineages of retroelements in the genome of quinoa and provided preliminary insight into their evolutionary dynamics. © 2013 The Author(s).},
note = {17},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Key message: High heterogeneity was observed among conserved domains of reverse transcriptase (rt) isolated from quinoa. Only one Ty1- copia rt was highly amplified. Reverse transcriptase sequences were located predominantly in pericentromeric region of quinoa chromosomes. The heterogeneity, genomic abundance, and chromosomal distribution of reverse transcriptase (rt)-coding fragments of Ty1-copia and Ty3-gypsy long terminal repeat retrotransposons were analyzed in the Chenopodium quinoa genome. Conserved domains of the rt gene were amplified and characterized using degenerate oligonucleotide primer pairs. Sequence analyses indicated that half of Ty1-copia rt (51 %) and 39 % of Ty3-gypsy rt fragments contained intact reading frames. High heterogeneity among rt sequences was observed for both Ty1-copia and Ty3-gypsy rt amplicons, with Ty1-copia more heterogeneous than Ty3-gypsy. Most of the isolated rt fragments were present in quinoa genome in low copy numbers, with only one highly amplified Ty1-copia rt sequence family. The gypsy-like RNase H fragments co-amplified with Ty1-copia-degenerate primers were shown to be highly amplified in the quinoa genome indicating either higher abundance of some gypsy families of which rt domains could not be amplified, or independent evolution of this gypsy-region in quinoa. Both Ty1-copia and Ty3-gypsy retrotransposons were preferentially located in pericentromeric heterochromatin of quinoa chromosomes. Phylogenetic analyses of newly amplified rt fragments together with well-characterized retrotransposon families from other organisms allowed identification of major lineages of retroelements in the genome of quinoa and provided preliminary insight into their evolutionary dynamics. © 2013 The Author(s).
Krejčíková, J.; Sudová, R.; Lučanová, M.; Trávníček, P.; Urfus, T.; Vít, P.; Weiss-Schneeweiss, H.; Kolano, B. A.; Oberlander, K.; Dreyer, L. L.; Suda, J.
High ploidy diversity and distinct patterns of cytotype distribution in a widespread species of Oxalis in the Greater Cape Floristic Region Journal Article
In: Annals of Botany, vol. 111, no. 4, pp. 641-649, 2013, ISSN: 03057364, (29).
@article{2-s2.0-84875627918,
title = {High ploidy diversity and distinct patterns of cytotype distribution in a widespread species of Oxalis in the Greater Cape Floristic Region},
author = { J. Krejčíková and R. Sudová and M. Lučanová and P. Trávníček and T. Urfus and P. Vít and H. Weiss-Schneeweiss and B.A. Kolano and K. Oberlander and L.L. Dreyer and J. Suda},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84875627918&doi=10.1093%2faob%2fmct030&partnerID=40&md5=d337966dd6908c8b6fbbeab84530a8f1},
doi = {10.1093/aob/mct030},
issn = {03057364},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-01-01},
journal = {Annals of Botany},
volume = {111},
number = {4},
pages = {641-649},
abstract = {Background and AimsGenome duplication is widely acknowledged as a major force in the evolution of angiosperms, although the incidence of polyploidy in different floras may differ dramatically. The Greater Cape Floristic Region of southern Africa is one of the world's biodiversity hotspots and is considered depauperate in polyploids. To test this assumption, ploidy variation was assessed in a widespread member of the largest geophytic genus in the Cape flora: Oxalis obtusa.MethodsDNA flow cytometry complemented by confirmatory chromosome counts was used to determine ploidy levels in 355 populations of O. obtusa (1014 individuals) across its entire distribution range. Ecological differentiation among cytotypes was tested by comparing sets of vegetation and climatic variables extracted for each locality.Key ResultsThree majority (2x; 4x; 6x) and three minority (3x; 5x; 8x) cytotypes were detected in situ, in addition to a heptaploid individual originating from a botanical garden. While single-cytotype populations predominate, 12 mixed-ploidy populations were also found. The overall pattern of ploidy level distribution is quite complex, but some ecological segregation was observed. Hexaploids are the most common cytotype and prevail in the Fynbos biome. In contrast, tetraploids dominate in the Succulent Karoo biome. Precipitation parameters were identified as the most important climatic variables associated with cytotype distribution. ConclusionsAlthough it would be premature to make generalizations regarding the role of genome duplication in the genesis of hyperdiversity of the Cape flora, the substantial and unexpected ploidy diversity in Oxalis obtusa is unparalleled in comparison with any other cytologically known native Cape plant species. The results suggest that ploidy variation in the Greater Cape Floristic Region may be much greater than currently assumed, which, given the documented role of polyploidy in speciation, has direct implications for radiation hypotheses in this biodiversity hotspot. © 2013 The Author.},
note = {29},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Background and AimsGenome duplication is widely acknowledged as a major force in the evolution of angiosperms, although the incidence of polyploidy in different floras may differ dramatically. The Greater Cape Floristic Region of southern Africa is one of the world's biodiversity hotspots and is considered depauperate in polyploids. To test this assumption, ploidy variation was assessed in a widespread member of the largest geophytic genus in the Cape flora: Oxalis obtusa.MethodsDNA flow cytometry complemented by confirmatory chromosome counts was used to determine ploidy levels in 355 populations of O. obtusa (1014 individuals) across its entire distribution range. Ecological differentiation among cytotypes was tested by comparing sets of vegetation and climatic variables extracted for each locality.Key ResultsThree majority (2x; 4x; 6x) and three minority (3x; 5x; 8x) cytotypes were detected in situ, in addition to a heptaploid individual originating from a botanical garden. While single-cytotype populations predominate, 12 mixed-ploidy populations were also found. The overall pattern of ploidy level distribution is quite complex, but some ecological segregation was observed. Hexaploids are the most common cytotype and prevail in the Fynbos biome. In contrast, tetraploids dominate in the Succulent Karoo biome. Precipitation parameters were identified as the most important climatic variables associated with cytotype distribution. ConclusionsAlthough it would be premature to make generalizations regarding the role of genome duplication in the genesis of hyperdiversity of the Cape flora, the substantial and unexpected ploidy diversity in Oxalis obtusa is unparalleled in comparison with any other cytologically known native Cape plant species. The results suggest that ploidy variation in the Greater Cape Floristic Region may be much greater than currently assumed, which, given the documented role of polyploidy in speciation, has direct implications for radiation hypotheses in this biodiversity hotspot. © 2013 The Author.
Małuszyńska, J.; Kolano, B. A.; Sas-Nowosielska, H.
Endopolyploidy in plants Book Chapter
In: pp. 99-119, Springer-Verlag Vienna, 2013, ISBN: 9783709111604; 9783709111598, (13).
@inbook{2-s2.0-84924052009,
title = {Endopolyploidy in plants},
author = { J. Małuszyńska and B.A. Kolano and H. Sas-Nowosielska},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84924052009&doi=10.1007%2f978-3-7091-1160-4_7&partnerID=40&md5=e8b827d90a7828f703aa9b665d4eb1a9},
doi = {10.1007/978-3-7091-1160-4_7},
isbn = {9783709111604; 9783709111598},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-01-01},
journal = {Plant Genome Diversity Volume 2: Physical Structure, Behaviour and Evolution of Plant Genomes},
pages = {99-119},
publisher = {Springer-Verlag Vienna},
abstract = {Plant growth and development is precisely programmed and achieved through three processes: cell division (proliferation), growth and differentiation. These three processes may overlap during plant organ development, when some cells start to differentiate while others continue to divide e.g. leaf epidermal cells (Harashima and Schnittger 2010). Dividing cells, called meristematic cells, increase their number and supply new cells for post-embryonic plant development. Outside the meristems non-dividing cells expand and differentiate. Cell proliferation and expansion result in varied but determined cell sizes specific for the plant, organ and tissue. The next phase in plant development is cell-type specification along with the differentiation processes. The control of all processes and the determination of final cell mass and size are poorly understood but there is increasing knowledge about the molecular mechanisms underpinning the regulatory systems. Cell sizes in plants are usually closely related to their function. There are two strategies to enlarge cell size: one is based on water uptake and vacuolar growth and the other is to increase the nuclear DNA content or the level of polyploidy, this gives rise to endopolyploidy. © Springer-Verlag Wien 2013.},
note = {13},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
Plant growth and development is precisely programmed and achieved through three processes: cell division (proliferation), growth and differentiation. These three processes may overlap during plant organ development, when some cells start to differentiate while others continue to divide e.g. leaf epidermal cells (Harashima and Schnittger 2010). Dividing cells, called meristematic cells, increase their number and supply new cells for post-embryonic plant development. Outside the meristems non-dividing cells expand and differentiate. Cell proliferation and expansion result in varied but determined cell sizes specific for the plant, organ and tissue. The next phase in plant development is cell-type specification along with the differentiation processes. The control of all processes and the determination of final cell mass and size are poorly understood but there is increasing knowledge about the molecular mechanisms underpinning the regulatory systems. Cell sizes in plants are usually closely related to their function. There are two strategies to enlarge cell size: one is based on water uptake and vacuolar growth and the other is to increase the nuclear DNA content or the level of polyploidy, this gives rise to endopolyploidy. © Springer-Verlag Wien 2013.
Małuszyńska, J.; Kolano, B. A.; Sas-Nowosielska, H.
Endopolyploidy in plants Book Chapter
In: vol. 2, pp. 99-119, Springer-Verlag Wien, 2013, ISBN: 9783709111604; 3709111595; 9783709111598, (10).
@inbook{2-s2.0-84907290379,
title = {Endopolyploidy in plants},
author = { J. Małuszyńska and B.A. Kolano and H. Sas-Nowosielska},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84907290379&doi=10.1007%2f978-3-7091-1160-4_7&partnerID=40&md5=b3f500c721c5fdefad0545e60dbe591e},
doi = {10.1007/978-3-7091-1160-4_7},
isbn = {9783709111604; 3709111595; 9783709111598},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-01-01},
journal = {Plant Genome Diversity},
volume = {2},
pages = {99-119},
publisher = {Springer-Verlag Wien},
abstract = {Plant growth and development is precisely programmed and achieved through three processes: cell division (proliferation), growth and differentiation. These three processes may overlap during plant organ development, when some cells start to differentiate while others continue to divide e.g. leaf epidermal cells (Harashima and Schnittger 2010). Dividing cells, called meristematic cells, increase their number and supply new cells for post-embryonic plant development. Outside the meristems non-dividing cells expand and differentiate. Cell proliferation and expansion result in varied but determined cell sizes specific for the plant, organ and tissue. The next phase in plant development is cell-type specification along with the differentiation processes. The control of all processes and the determination of final cell mass and size are poorly understood but there is increasing knowledge about the molecular mechanisms underpinning the regulatory systems. Cell sizes in plants are usually closely related to their function. There are two strategies to enlarge cell size: one is based on water uptake and vacuolar growth and the other is to increase the nuclear DNA content or the level of polyploidy, this gives rise to endopolyploidy. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Wien. All rights reserved.},
note = {10},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
Plant growth and development is precisely programmed and achieved through three processes: cell division (proliferation), growth and differentiation. These three processes may overlap during plant organ development, when some cells start to differentiate while others continue to divide e.g. leaf epidermal cells (Harashima and Schnittger 2010). Dividing cells, called meristematic cells, increase their number and supply new cells for post-embryonic plant development. Outside the meristems non-dividing cells expand and differentiate. Cell proliferation and expansion result in varied but determined cell sizes specific for the plant, organ and tissue. The next phase in plant development is cell-type specification along with the differentiation processes. The control of all processes and the determination of final cell mass and size are poorly understood but there is increasing knowledge about the molecular mechanisms underpinning the regulatory systems. Cell sizes in plants are usually closely related to their function. There are two strategies to enlarge cell size: one is based on water uptake and vacuolar growth and the other is to increase the nuclear DNA content or the level of polyploidy, this gives rise to endopolyploidy. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Wien. All rights reserved.
2012
Kolano, B. A.; Tomczak, H.; Molewska, R.; Jellen, E. N.; Małuszyńska, J.
Distribution of 5S and 35S rRNA gene sites in 34 Chenopodium species (Amaranthaceae) Journal Article
In: Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, vol. 170, no. 2, pp. 220-231, 2012, ISSN: 00244074, (26).
@article{2-s2.0-84865863987,
title = {Distribution of 5S and 35S rRNA gene sites in 34 Chenopodium species (Amaranthaceae)},
author = { B.A. Kolano and H. Tomczak and R. Molewska and E.N. Jellen and J. Małuszyńska},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84865863987&doi=10.1111%2fj.1095-8339.2012.01286.x&partnerID=40&md5=7605e4b5926615c87c4e8ddd3fa8487b},
doi = {10.1111/j.1095-8339.2012.01286.x},
issn = {00244074},
year = {2012},
date = {2012-01-01},
journal = {Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society},
volume = {170},
number = {2},
pages = {220-231},
abstract = {Studies on Chenopodium chromosomes are scarce and restricted mainly to chromosome number estimation. To extend our knowledge on karyotype structure of the genus, the organization of 5S and 35S rRNA genes in Chenopodium chromosomes was studied. The rDNA sites were predominantly located at chromosomal termini, except in a few species where 5S rDNA sites were interstitial. The majority of the diploid species possessed one pair each of 35S and 5S rDNA sites located on separate chromosomes. Slightly higher diversity in rDNA site number was observed in polyploid accessions. One or two pairs of 35S rDNA sites were observed in tetraploids and hexaploids. Tetraploid species had two, four or six sites and hexaploid species had six or eight sites of 5S rDNA, respectively. These data indicate that, in the evolution of some polyploid species, there has been a tendency to reduce the number of rDNA sites. Additionally, polymorphism in rDNA site number was observed. Possible mechanisms of rDNA locus evolution are discussed. © 2012 The Linnean Society of London.},
note = {26},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Studies on Chenopodium chromosomes are scarce and restricted mainly to chromosome number estimation. To extend our knowledge on karyotype structure of the genus, the organization of 5S and 35S rRNA genes in Chenopodium chromosomes was studied. The rDNA sites were predominantly located at chromosomal termini, except in a few species where 5S rDNA sites were interstitial. The majority of the diploid species possessed one pair each of 35S and 5S rDNA sites located on separate chromosomes. Slightly higher diversity in rDNA site number was observed in polyploid accessions. One or two pairs of 35S rDNA sites were observed in tetraploids and hexaploids. Tetraploid species had two, four or six sites and hexaploid species had six or eight sites of 5S rDNA, respectively. These data indicate that, in the evolution of some polyploid species, there has been a tendency to reduce the number of rDNA sites. Additionally, polymorphism in rDNA site number was observed. Possible mechanisms of rDNA locus evolution are discussed. © 2012 The Linnean Society of London.
Kwaśniewska, J.; Grabowska, M.; Kwaśniewski, M.; Kolano, B. A.
Comet-FISH with rDNA probes for the analysis of mutagen-induced DNA damage in plant cells Journal Article
In: Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis, vol. 53, no. 5, pp. 369-375, 2012, ISSN: 08936692, (14).
@article{2-s2.0-85027916924,
title = {Comet-FISH with rDNA probes for the analysis of mutagen-induced DNA damage in plant cells},
author = { J. Kwaśniewska and M. Grabowska and M. Kwaśniewski and B.A. Kolano},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85027916924&doi=10.1002%2fem.21699&partnerID=40&md5=d447ac2015a10fee9c503c2a647be1c1},
doi = {10.1002/em.21699},
issn = {08936692},
year = {2012},
date = {2012-01-01},
journal = {Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis},
volume = {53},
number = {5},
pages = {369-375},
publisher = {John Wiley and Sons Inc.},
abstract = {We used comet-fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in the model plant species Crepis capillaris following exposure of seedlings to maleic hydrazide (MH). FISH with 5S and 25S rDNA probes was applied to comets obtained under alkaline conditions to establish whether these DNA regions were preferentially involved in comet tail formation. MH treatment induced significant fragmentation of nuclear DNA and of rDNA loci. A 24-h post-treatment recovery period allowed a partial reversibility of MH-induced damage on nuclear and rDNA regions. Analyses of FISH signals demonstrated that rDNA sequences were always involved in tail formation and that 5S rDNA was more frequently present in the tail than 25S rDNA, regardless of treatment. The involvement of 25S rDNA in nucleolus formation and differences in chromatin structure between the two loci may explain the different susceptibility of the 25S and 5S rDNA regions to migrate into the tail. This work is the first report on the application of FISH to comet preparations from plants to analyze the distribution and repair of DNA damage within specific genomic regions after mutagenic treatment. Moreover, our work suggests that comet-FISH in plants may be a useful tool for environmental monitoring assessment. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.},
note = {14},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
We used comet-fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in the model plant species Crepis capillaris following exposure of seedlings to maleic hydrazide (MH). FISH with 5S and 25S rDNA probes was applied to comets obtained under alkaline conditions to establish whether these DNA regions were preferentially involved in comet tail formation. MH treatment induced significant fragmentation of nuclear DNA and of rDNA loci. A 24-h post-treatment recovery period allowed a partial reversibility of MH-induced damage on nuclear and rDNA regions. Analyses of FISH signals demonstrated that rDNA sequences were always involved in tail formation and that 5S rDNA was more frequently present in the tail than 25S rDNA, regardless of treatment. The involvement of 25S rDNA in nucleolus formation and differences in chromatin structure between the two loci may explain the different susceptibility of the 25S and 5S rDNA regions to migrate into the tail. This work is the first report on the application of FISH to comet preparations from plants to analyze the distribution and repair of DNA damage within specific genomic regions after mutagenic treatment. Moreover, our work suggests that comet-FISH in plants may be a useful tool for environmental monitoring assessment. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Kolano, B. A.; Siwińska, D.; Gómez-Pando, L. R.; Szymanowska-Pułka, J.; Małuszyńska, J.
Genome size variation in Chenopodium quinoa (Chenopodiaceae) Journal Article
In: Plant Systematics and Evolution, vol. 298, no. 1, pp. 251-255, 2012, ISSN: 03782697, (18).
@article{2-s2.0-84855299568,
title = {Genome size variation in Chenopodium quinoa (Chenopodiaceae)},
author = { B.A. Kolano and D. Siwińska and L.R. Gómez-Pando and J. Szymanowska-Pułka and J. Małuszyńska},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84855299568&doi=10.1007%2fs00606-011-0534-z&partnerID=40&md5=e6c5bbd0876a371b2668bdae269a533d},
doi = {10.1007/s00606-011-0534-z},
issn = {03782697},
year = {2012},
date = {2012-01-01},
journal = {Plant Systematics and Evolution},
volume = {298},
number = {1},
pages = {251-255},
abstract = {The extent and significance of intraspecific genome size variation were analysed in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.), a pseudocereal important for human consumption in the Andean region of South America. Flow cytometry, with propidium iodide as the DNA stain, was used to estimate the genome size of 20 quinoa accessions from Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Argentina, Chile and the USA. Limited genome size variation was found among the analysed accessions. The differences between the accessions were statistically significant but the maximum inter-accession difference between the populations with the largest and the smallest genome reached only 5.9%. The largest genome was found in population C4 from Chile (mean 3.077 pg/2C) and the smallest in the Peruvian population P2 (mean 2.905 pg/2C). The variation was not correlated with collection site; however, the quinoa accessions analysed in this study belonged to three distinct geographical groups: northern highland, southern highland and lowland. © 2011 The Author(s).},
note = {18},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The extent and significance of intraspecific genome size variation were analysed in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.), a pseudocereal important for human consumption in the Andean region of South America. Flow cytometry, with propidium iodide as the DNA stain, was used to estimate the genome size of 20 quinoa accessions from Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Argentina, Chile and the USA. Limited genome size variation was found among the analysed accessions. The differences between the accessions were statistically significant but the maximum inter-accession difference between the populations with the largest and the smallest genome reached only 5.9%. The largest genome was found in population C4 from Chile (mean 3.077 pg/2C) and the smallest in the Peruvian population P2 (mean 2.905 pg/2C). The variation was not correlated with collection site; however, the quinoa accessions analysed in this study belonged to three distinct geographical groups: northern highland, southern highland and lowland. © 2011 The Author(s).
2011
Kolano, B. A.; Gardunia, B. W.; Michalska, M.; Bonifacio, A.; Fairbanks, D. J.; Maughan, P. J.; Coleman, C. E.; Stevens, M. R.; Jellen, E. N.; Małuszyńska, J.
Chromosomal localization of two novel repetitive sequences isolated from the Chenopodium quinoa Willd. genome Journal Article
In: Genome, vol. 54, no. 9, pp. 710-717, 2011, ISSN: 08312796, (27).
@article{2-s2.0-80052772355,
title = {Chromosomal localization of two novel repetitive sequences isolated from the Chenopodium quinoa Willd. genome},
author = { B.A. Kolano and B.W. Gardunia and M. Michalska and A. Bonifacio and D.J. Fairbanks and P.J. Maughan and C.E. Coleman and M.R. Stevens and E.N. Jellen and J. Małuszyńska},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80052772355&doi=10.1139%2fg11-035&partnerID=40&md5=912dfe77e25c902d311f2d2e1fd0f967},
doi = {10.1139/g11-035},
issn = {08312796},
year = {2011},
date = {2011-01-01},
journal = {Genome},
volume = {54},
number = {9},
pages = {710-717},
abstract = {The chromosomal organization of two novel repetitive DNA sequences isolated from the Chenopodium quinoa Willd. genome was analyzed across the genomes of selected Chenopodium species. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis with the repetitive DNA clone 18-24J in the closely related allotetraploids C. quinoa and Chenopodium berlandieri Moq. (2n = 4x = 36) evidenced hybridization signals that were mainly present on 18 chromosomes; however, in the allohexaploid Chenopodium album L. (2n = 6x = 54), cross-hybridization was observed on all of the chromosomes. In situ hybridization with rRNA gene probes indicated that during the evolution of polyploidy, the chenopods lost some of their rDNA loci. Reprobing with rDNA indicated that in the subgenome labeled with 18-24J, one 35S rRNA locus and at least half of the 5S rDNA loci were present. A second analyzed sequence, 12-13P, localized exclusively in pericentromeric regions of each chromosome of C. quinoa and related species. The intensity of the FISH signals differed considerably among chromosomes. The pattern observed on C. quinoa chromosomes after FISH with 12-13P was very similar to GISH results, suggesting that the 12-13P sequence constitutes a major part of the repetitive DNA of C. quinoa. © 2011 Published by NRC Research Press.},
note = {27},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The chromosomal organization of two novel repetitive DNA sequences isolated from the Chenopodium quinoa Willd. genome was analyzed across the genomes of selected Chenopodium species. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis with the repetitive DNA clone 18-24J in the closely related allotetraploids C. quinoa and Chenopodium berlandieri Moq. (2n = 4x = 36) evidenced hybridization signals that were mainly present on 18 chromosomes; however, in the allohexaploid Chenopodium album L. (2n = 6x = 54), cross-hybridization was observed on all of the chromosomes. In situ hybridization with rRNA gene probes indicated that during the evolution of polyploidy, the chenopods lost some of their rDNA loci. Reprobing with rDNA indicated that in the subgenome labeled with 18-24J, one 35S rRNA locus and at least half of the 5S rDNA loci were present. A second analyzed sequence, 12-13P, localized exclusively in pericentromeric regions of each chromosome of C. quinoa and related species. The intensity of the FISH signals differed considerably among chromosomes. The pattern observed on C. quinoa chromosomes after FISH with 12-13P was very similar to GISH results, suggesting that the 12-13P sequence constitutes a major part of the repetitive DNA of C. quinoa. © 2011 Published by NRC Research Press.
Jellen, E. N.; Kolano, B. A.; Sederberg, M. C.; Bonifacio, A.; Maughan, P. J.
Chenopodium Book Chapter
In: pp. 35-61, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2011, ISBN: 9783642143878; 9783642143861, (36).
@inbook{2-s2.0-84920174931,
title = {Chenopodium},
author = { E.N. Jellen and B.A. Kolano and M.C. Sederberg and A. Bonifacio and P.J. Maughan},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84920174931&doi=10.1007%2f978-3-642-14387-8_3&partnerID=40&md5=68c9af632e329fb10f2327f431758577},
doi = {10.1007/978-3-642-14387-8_3},
isbn = {9783642143878; 9783642143861},
year = {2011},
date = {2011-01-01},
journal = {Wild Crop Relatives: Genomic and Breeding Resources: Legume Crops and Forages},
pages = {35-61},
publisher = {Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg},
abstract = {The genus Chenopodium L. has a worldwide distribution and includes species that were domesticated on four continents. Several species are notorious as invasive weeds, having spread far beyond their centers of origin. Among the wild species are some that are common and others that are restricted to niche environments, appearing ephemerally in response to episodically favorable climatic conditions. Chenopodium inhabits niches that include some of the harshest environments on earth for plant survival. The ability of Chenopodium species to survive in saline littoral and saltpan environments, high-ultraviolet montane plains and valleys (Andes; Himalayas), and barren deserts (Atacama; Australia) suggests that this genus possesses unusually potent and diverse plant stress-response mechanisms. The domesticated species are becoming increasingly valued for the balanced content of dietary essential amino acids in their seed proteins and for the rich mineral and vitamin content of their foliage. The genus has been recalcitrant to thorough systematic and phylogenetic study due to phenotypic plasticity in several major species (most notably C. album), confused taxonomy in closely related genera (especially Atriplex and Dysphania), as well as the sporadic and unpredictable appearance of a number of key annuals. Genetically, the genus has a base chromosome number of x∈=∈9 with numerous polyploids up to the level of hexaploidy. We herein review the wild Chenopodium species, with special emphasis on those of the Americas that should be most closely related to Andean quinoa (C. quinoa) and its domesticated cousins from Mexico (C. berlandieri nuttaliae); a small number of studies on interspecies crossability; and potential characteristics of interest in the wild species for improving the domesticated quinoas. © 2011 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. All rights reserved.},
note = {36},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
The genus Chenopodium L. has a worldwide distribution and includes species that were domesticated on four continents. Several species are notorious as invasive weeds, having spread far beyond their centers of origin. Among the wild species are some that are common and others that are restricted to niche environments, appearing ephemerally in response to episodically favorable climatic conditions. Chenopodium inhabits niches that include some of the harshest environments on earth for plant survival. The ability of Chenopodium species to survive in saline littoral and saltpan environments, high-ultraviolet montane plains and valleys (Andes; Himalayas), and barren deserts (Atacama; Australia) suggests that this genus possesses unusually potent and diverse plant stress-response mechanisms. The domesticated species are becoming increasingly valued for the balanced content of dietary essential amino acids in their seed proteins and for the rich mineral and vitamin content of their foliage. The genus has been recalcitrant to thorough systematic and phylogenetic study due to phenotypic plasticity in several major species (most notably C. album), confused taxonomy in closely related genera (especially Atriplex and Dysphania), as well as the sporadic and unpredictable appearance of a number of key annuals. Genetically, the genus has a base chromosome number of x∈=∈9 with numerous polyploids up to the level of hexaploidy. We herein review the wild Chenopodium species, with special emphasis on those of the Americas that should be most closely related to Andean quinoa (C. quinoa) and its domesticated cousins from Mexico (C. berlandieri nuttaliae); a small number of studies on interspecies crossability; and potential characteristics of interest in the wild species for improving the domesticated quinoas. © 2011 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. All rights reserved.
2009
Kolano, B. A.; Siwińska, D.; Małuszyńska, J.
Endopolyploidy patterns during development of Chenopodium quinoa Journal Article
In: Acta Biologica Cracoviensia Series Botanica, vol. 51, no. 2, pp. 85-92, 2009, ISSN: 00015296, (21).
@article{2-s2.0-77951718925,
title = {Endopolyploidy patterns during development of Chenopodium quinoa},
author = { B.A. Kolano and D. Siwińska and J. Małuszyńska},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77951718925&partnerID=40&md5=c10142ddd34a96ba8ccc6acfe02422ee},
issn = {00015296},
year = {2009},
date = {2009-01-01},
journal = {Acta Biologica Cracoviensia Series Botanica},
volume = {51},
number = {2},
pages = {85-92},
abstract = {Patterns of endopolyploidy were studied in embryos and seedlings during early development. Relative nuclear DNA content was measured with DAPI staining and flow cytometry. Somatic tissue of Chenopodium quinoa (Chenopodiaceae) revealed extensive endopolyploidization; tissues comprised mixtures of cells with DNA content ranging from 2C to 16C in varying proportions. Endopolyploidy patterns corresponded to the developmental stage and the individual organ. Polysomaty was already present in the radicle of the embryo in the imbibited seed. During seedling development, endopolyploidization took place in many examined organs (roots; hypocotyls; cotyledons) to different extents. The C-value was highest in the differentiated root, where up to 50% of the cell underwent one or two endocycles. Endopolyploidization was not present in nuclei from leaves and the shoot apex. © Polish Academy of Sciences and Jaglellonlan University.},
note = {21},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Patterns of endopolyploidy were studied in embryos and seedlings during early development. Relative nuclear DNA content was measured with DAPI staining and flow cytometry. Somatic tissue of Chenopodium quinoa (Chenopodiaceae) revealed extensive endopolyploidization; tissues comprised mixtures of cells with DNA content ranging from 2C to 16C in varying proportions. Endopolyploidy patterns corresponded to the developmental stage and the individual organ. Polysomaty was already present in the radicle of the embryo in the imbibited seed. During seedling development, endopolyploidization took place in many examined organs (roots; hypocotyls; cotyledons) to different extents. The C-value was highest in the differentiated root, where up to 50% of the cell underwent one or two endocycles. Endopolyploidization was not present in nuclei from leaves and the shoot apex. © Polish Academy of Sciences and Jaglellonlan University.
Dydak, M.; Kolano, B. A.; Nowak, T.; Siwińska, D.; Małuszyńska, J.
Cytogenetic studies of three European species of Centaurea L. (Asteraceae) Journal Article
In: Hereditas, vol. 146, no. 4, pp. 152-161, 2009, ISSN: 00180661, (27).
@article{2-s2.0-70349507009,
title = {Cytogenetic studies of three European species of Centaurea L. (Asteraceae)},
author = { M. Dydak and B.A. Kolano and T. Nowak and D. Siwińska and J. Małuszyńska},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-70349507009&doi=10.1111%2fj.1601-5223.2009.02113.x&partnerID=40&md5=c0b00cf8092fcd68ff1b5bfae8a49d25},
doi = {10.1111/j.1601-5223.2009.02113.x},
issn = {00180661},
year = {2009},
date = {2009-01-01},
journal = {Hereditas},
volume = {146},
number = {4},
pages = {152-161},
abstract = {Cytogenetic analysis of several populations of Centaurea jacea (2n = 4x = 44), C. oxylepis (2n = 4x = 44) and C. phrygia (2n = 2x = 22) was performed using flow cytometry, differential chromosome staining and FISH. In all species Arabidopsis-type telomeric repeats hybridized only to the terminal part of chromosomes. In C. phrygia three pairs and in C. oxylepis six pairs of chromosomes revealed the hybridization signals of 45S rDNA. Centaurea jacea showed polymorphism in the 45S rDNA loci number, five or six pairs of sites were observed. 5S rDNA loci were located in two pairs of chromosomes in C. phrygia. In C. jacea and C. oxylepis the number and position of 5S rDNA loci were the same: three pairs located interstitially and one terminally. The genome size of the diploid C. phrygia was established as 2.14 pg/2C. The genomes of tetraploid species were nearly two times larger and genome size polymorphism was observed among C. jacea populations. © 2009 The Authors.},
note = {27},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Cytogenetic analysis of several populations of Centaurea jacea (2n = 4x = 44), C. oxylepis (2n = 4x = 44) and C. phrygia (2n = 2x = 22) was performed using flow cytometry, differential chromosome staining and FISH. In all species Arabidopsis-type telomeric repeats hybridized only to the terminal part of chromosomes. In C. phrygia three pairs and in C. oxylepis six pairs of chromosomes revealed the hybridization signals of 45S rDNA. Centaurea jacea showed polymorphism in the 45S rDNA loci number, five or six pairs of sites were observed. 5S rDNA loci were located in two pairs of chromosomes in C. phrygia. In C. jacea and C. oxylepis the number and position of 5S rDNA loci were the same: three pairs located interstitially and one terminally. The genome size of the diploid C. phrygia was established as 2.14 pg/2C. The genomes of tetraploid species were nearly two times larger and genome size polymorphism was observed among C. jacea populations. © 2009 The Authors.
2008
Jin, W.; Lamb, J. C.; Zhang, W.; Kolano, B. A.; Birchler, J. A.; Jiang, J.
Histone modifications associated with both A and B chromosomes of maize Journal Article
In: Chromosome Research, vol. 16, no. 8, pp. 1203-1214, 2008, ISSN: 09673849, (59).
@article{2-s2.0-58149166748,
title = {Histone modifications associated with both A and B chromosomes of maize},
author = { W. Jin and J.C. Lamb and W. Zhang and B.A. Kolano and J.A. Birchler and J. Jiang},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-58149166748&doi=10.1007%2fs10577-008-1269-8&partnerID=40&md5=762d3d12823575318d457e7ba6f663b6},
doi = {10.1007/s10577-008-1269-8},
issn = {09673849},
year = {2008},
date = {2008-01-01},
journal = {Chromosome Research},
volume = {16},
number = {8},
pages = {1203-1214},
abstract = {We report the distribution of several histone modifications along the arms and in centromeric regions of somatic chromosomes of maize, including the supernumerary B chromosome. Acetylated H3 and H4 as well as H3K4me2, modifications associated with euchromatin, were enriched in the distal parts of the A chromosomes, but were progressively depleted toward the centromeres of the A chromosomes and were depleted in the heterochromatic portions of the B chromosome. Classical histone modifications associated with heterochromatin, including H3K9me2, H3K27me1 and H3K27me2, were distributed throughout both A and B chromosomes. However, H3K27me2 showed a reduced level on the B chromosome compared with the A chromosomes and was not associated with some classes of constitutive heterochromatin. We monitored the presence of each histone modification in the centromeric regions using a YFP-tagged centromere-specific histone, CENH3. We observed the presence of H3K9me2 and absence of H3K4me2 in the centromeric regions of both A and B chromosomes of maize, which is in contrast to the presence of H3K4me2 and absence of H3K9me2 in animal centromeres. These results show a diversity of epigenetic modifications associated with centromeric chromatin in different eukaryotes. © 2008 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.},
note = {59},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
We report the distribution of several histone modifications along the arms and in centromeric regions of somatic chromosomes of maize, including the supernumerary B chromosome. Acetylated H3 and H4 as well as H3K4me2, modifications associated with euchromatin, were enriched in the distal parts of the A chromosomes, but were progressively depleted toward the centromeres of the A chromosomes and were depleted in the heterochromatic portions of the B chromosome. Classical histone modifications associated with heterochromatin, including H3K9me2, H3K27me1 and H3K27me2, were distributed throughout both A and B chromosomes. However, H3K27me2 showed a reduced level on the B chromosome compared with the A chromosomes and was not associated with some classes of constitutive heterochromatin. We monitored the presence of each histone modification in the centromeric regions using a YFP-tagged centromere-specific histone, CENH3. We observed the presence of H3K9me2 and absence of H3K4me2 in the centromeric regions of both A and B chromosomes of maize, which is in contrast to the presence of H3K4me2 and absence of H3K9me2 in animal centromeres. These results show a diversity of epigenetic modifications associated with centromeric chromatin in different eukaryotes. © 2008 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.
Kolano, B. A.; Siwińska, D.; Małuszyńska, J.
Comparative cytogenetic analysis of diploid and hexaploid Chenopodium album Agg. Journal Article
In: Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae, vol. 77, no. 4, pp. 293-298, 2008, ISSN: 00016977, (13).
@article{2-s2.0-60049084223,
title = {Comparative cytogenetic analysis of diploid and hexaploid Chenopodium album Agg.},
author = { B.A. Kolano and D. Siwińska and J. Małuszyńska},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-60049084223&partnerID=40&md5=db8120a0063b8d8b1f0f429aac9fecdd},
issn = {00016977},
year = {2008},
date = {2008-01-01},
journal = {Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae},
volume = {77},
number = {4},
pages = {293-298},
publisher = {Polish Botanical Society},
abstract = {Two cytotypes of Chenopodium album, diploid (2n=2x=18) and hexaploid (2n=6x=54), were analysed using flow cytometry and a FISH experiment. The genome size was indicated as 1.795 pg for the diploid and 3.845 pg for the hexaploid plants which suggested genome downsizing in the evolution of hexaploid cytotype. Double FISH with 25S rDNA and 5S rDNA allowed three to five homologue chromosome pairs to be distinguished depending on the cytotype. The variation in size and number of rDNA sites between the polyploid C. album and its putative diploid ancestor indicated that rDNA loci underwent rearrangements after polyploidization. Flow cytometry measurements of the relative nuclear DNA content in the somatic tissue of C. album revealed extensive endopolyploidization resulting in tissues comprising a mixture of cells with a different DNA content (from 2C to 32C) in varying proportions. The pattern of endopolyploidy was characteristic for the developmental stage of the plant and for the individual organ. Polysomaty was not observed in the embryo tissues however endopolyploidization had taken place in most tested organs of seedlings. The endopolyploidy in diploid and hexaploid C. album was compared to find any relationship between the pattern of polysomaty and polyploidy level in this species. This revealed that polyploid plants showed a decline in the number of endocycles as well as in the frequency of endopolyploidy cells compared to diploid plants.},
note = {13},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Two cytotypes of Chenopodium album, diploid (2n=2x=18) and hexaploid (2n=6x=54), were analysed using flow cytometry and a FISH experiment. The genome size was indicated as 1.795 pg for the diploid and 3.845 pg for the hexaploid plants which suggested genome downsizing in the evolution of hexaploid cytotype. Double FISH with 25S rDNA and 5S rDNA allowed three to five homologue chromosome pairs to be distinguished depending on the cytotype. The variation in size and number of rDNA sites between the polyploid C. album and its putative diploid ancestor indicated that rDNA loci underwent rearrangements after polyploidization. Flow cytometry measurements of the relative nuclear DNA content in the somatic tissue of C. album revealed extensive endopolyploidization resulting in tissues comprising a mixture of cells with a different DNA content (from 2C to 32C) in varying proportions. The pattern of endopolyploidy was characteristic for the developmental stage of the plant and for the individual organ. Polysomaty was not observed in the embryo tissues however endopolyploidization had taken place in most tested organs of seedlings. The endopolyploidy in diploid and hexaploid C. album was compared to find any relationship between the pattern of polysomaty and polyploidy level in this species. This revealed that polyploid plants showed a decline in the number of endocycles as well as in the frequency of endopolyploidy cells compared to diploid plants.
Kolano, B. A.; Plucienniczak, A.; Kwaśniewski, M.; Małuszyńska, J.
Chromosomal localization of a novel repetitive sequence in the Chenopodium quinoa genome Journal Article
In: Journal of Applied Genetics, vol. 49, no. 4, pp. 313-320, 2008, ISSN: 12341983, (14).
@article{2-s2.0-56649115810,
title = {Chromosomal localization of a novel repetitive sequence in the Chenopodium quinoa genome},
author = { B.A. Kolano and A. Plucienniczak and M. Kwaśniewski and J. Małuszyńska},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-56649115810&doi=10.1007%2fBF03195629&partnerID=40&md5=d95d246510846c09bb01d7eaab83366f},
doi = {10.1007/BF03195629},
issn = {12341983},
year = {2008},
date = {2008-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Applied Genetics},
volume = {49},
number = {4},
pages = {313-320},
publisher = {Polska Akademia Nauk},
abstract = {In this study, a novel repetitive sequence pTaq10 was isolated from the Taq I digest of the genomic DNA of the pseudocereal Chenopodium quinoa. Sequence analysis indicated that this 286-bp monomer is not homologous to any known retroelement sequence. FISH and Southern blot analysis showed that this sequence is characterized by an interspersed genomic organization. After FISH, hybridization signals were observed as small dots spread throughout all of the chromosomes. pTaq hybridization signals were excluded from 45S rRNA gene loci, but they partly overlapped with 5S rDNA loci. pTaq10 is not a species-specific sequence, as it was also detected in C. berlandieri.},
note = {14},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
In this study, a novel repetitive sequence pTaq10 was isolated from the Taq I digest of the genomic DNA of the pseudocereal Chenopodium quinoa. Sequence analysis indicated that this 286-bp monomer is not homologous to any known retroelement sequence. FISH and Southern blot analysis showed that this sequence is characterized by an interspersed genomic organization. After FISH, hybridization signals were observed as small dots spread throughout all of the chromosomes. pTaq hybridization signals were excluded from 45S rRNA gene loci, but they partly overlapped with 5S rDNA loci. pTaq10 is not a species-specific sequence, as it was also detected in C. berlandieri.
2006
Maughan, P. J.; Kolano, B. A.; Małuszyńska, J.; Coles, N. D.; Bonifacio, A.; Rojas, J.; Coleman, C. E.; Stevens, M. R.; Fairbanks, D. J.; Parkinson, S. E.; Jellen, E. N.
Molecular and cytological characterization of ribosomal RNA genes in Chenopodium quinoa and Chenopodium berlandieri Journal Article
In: Genome, vol. 49, no. 7, pp. 825-839, 2006, ISSN: 08312796, (46).
@article{2-s2.0-33750916144,
title = {Molecular and cytological characterization of ribosomal RNA genes in Chenopodium quinoa and Chenopodium berlandieri},
author = { P.J. Maughan and B.A. Kolano and J. Małuszyńska and N.D. Coles and A. Bonifacio and J. Rojas and C.E. Coleman and M.R. Stevens and D.J. Fairbanks and S.E. Parkinson and E.N. Jellen},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33750916144&doi=10.1139%2fG06-033&partnerID=40&md5=36c00572bcb31281b473cf54bfc96ee9},
doi = {10.1139/G06-033},
issn = {08312796},
year = {2006},
date = {2006-01-01},
journal = {Genome},
volume = {49},
number = {7},
pages = {825-839},
abstract = {The nucleolus organizer region (NOR) and 5S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes are valuable as chromosome landmarks and in evolutionary studies. The NOR intergenic spacers (IGS) and 5S rRNA nontranscribed spacers (NTS) were PCR-amplified and sequenced from 5 cultivars of the Andean grain crop quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.; 2n = 4x = 36) and a related wild ancestor (C. berlandieri Moq. subsp. zschackei (Murr) A. Zobel; 2n = 4x = 36). Length heterogeneity observed in the IGS resulted from copy number difference in subrepeat elements, small rearrangements, and species-specific indels, though the general sequence composition of the 2 species was highly similar. Fifteen of the 41 sequence polymorphisms identified among the C. quinoa lines were synapomorphic and clearly differentiated the highland and lowland ecotypes. Analysis of the NTS sequences revealed 2 basic NTS sequence classes that likely originated from the 2 allopolyploid subgenomes of C. quinoa. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis showed that C. quinoa possesses an interstitial and a terminal pair of 5S rRNA loci and only 1 pair of NOR, suggesting a reduction in the number of rRNA loci during the evolution of this species. C. berlandieri exhibited variation in both NOR and 5S rRNA loci without changes in ploidy. © 2006 NRC.},
note = {46},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The nucleolus organizer region (NOR) and 5S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes are valuable as chromosome landmarks and in evolutionary studies. The NOR intergenic spacers (IGS) and 5S rRNA nontranscribed spacers (NTS) were PCR-amplified and sequenced from 5 cultivars of the Andean grain crop quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.; 2n = 4x = 36) and a related wild ancestor (C. berlandieri Moq. subsp. zschackei (Murr) A. Zobel; 2n = 4x = 36). Length heterogeneity observed in the IGS resulted from copy number difference in subrepeat elements, small rearrangements, and species-specific indels, though the general sequence composition of the 2 species was highly similar. Fifteen of the 41 sequence polymorphisms identified among the C. quinoa lines were synapomorphic and clearly differentiated the highland and lowland ecotypes. Analysis of the NTS sequences revealed 2 basic NTS sequence classes that likely originated from the 2 allopolyploid subgenomes of C. quinoa. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis showed that C. quinoa possesses an interstitial and a terminal pair of 5S rRNA loci and only 1 pair of NOR, suggesting a reduction in the number of rRNA loci during the evolution of this species. C. berlandieri exhibited variation in both NOR and 5S rRNA loci without changes in ploidy. © 2006 NRC.
2005
Terzopoulos, P. J.; Kolano, B. A.; Bebeli, P. J.; Kaltsikes, P. J.; Metzidakis, I.
Identification of Olea europaea L. cultivars using inter-simple sequence repeat markers Journal Article
In: Scientia Horticulturae, vol. 105, no. 1, pp. 45-51, 2005, ISSN: 03044238, (42).
@article{2-s2.0-17444405979,
title = {Identification of Olea europaea L. cultivars using inter-simple sequence repeat markers},
author = { P.J. Terzopoulos and B.A. Kolano and P.J. Bebeli and P.J. Kaltsikes and I. Metzidakis},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-17444405979&doi=10.1016%2fj.scienta.2005.01.011&partnerID=40&md5=c6a672e8879ee2ce0f37f1feebfb48ba},
doi = {10.1016/j.scienta.2005.01.011},
issn = {03044238},
year = {2005},
date = {2005-01-01},
journal = {Scientia Horticulturae},
volume = {105},
number = {1},
pages = {45-51},
publisher = {Elsevier},
abstract = {Two inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers (one UBC-818; rich in CA and the other UBC-849; rich in GT) were used for the differentiation of 31 Olea europaea L. cultivars grown in Greece. Amplification products were visualized using the silver staining technique. Genetic similarities were calculated using the Jaccard similarity coefficient. The resulting similarity matrix was subjected to the UPGMA clustering method for dendrogram construction and cultivar differentiation. Both ISSR primers showed high degrees of polymorphism. Primer UBC-818 yielded more bands (51) than UBC-849 (33) and helped in uniquely identifying all 31 cultivars while the UBC-849 primer led to the identification of only 27. The present results along with those of other researchers show that ISSRs can be used for cultivar differentiation in O. europaea L. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
note = {42},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Two inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers (one UBC-818; rich in CA and the other UBC-849; rich in GT) were used for the differentiation of 31 Olea europaea L. cultivars grown in Greece. Amplification products were visualized using the silver staining technique. Genetic similarities were calculated using the Jaccard similarity coefficient. The resulting similarity matrix was subjected to the UPGMA clustering method for dendrogram construction and cultivar differentiation. Both ISSR primers showed high degrees of polymorphism. Primer UBC-818 yielded more bands (51) than UBC-849 (33) and helped in uniquely identifying all 31 cultivars while the UBC-849 primer led to the identification of only 27. The present results along with those of other researchers show that ISSRs can be used for cultivar differentiation in O. europaea L. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
2001
Kolano, B. A.; Pando, L. G.; Małuszyńska, J.
Molecular cytogenetic studies in Chenopodium quinoa and Amaranthus caudatus Journal Article
In: Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae, vol. 70, no. 2, pp. 85-90, 2001, ISSN: 00016977, (18).
@article{2-s2.0-0035615425,
title = {Molecular cytogenetic studies in Chenopodium quinoa and Amaranthus caudatus},
author = { B.A. Kolano and L.G. Pando and J. Małuszyńska},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0035615425&partnerID=40&md5=3606b3da859724228cd4602d365fb6ff},
issn = {00016977},
year = {2001},
date = {2001-01-01},
journal = {Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae},
volume = {70},
number = {2},
pages = {85-90},
publisher = {Polish Botanical Society},
abstract = {Chenopodium quinoa Wild. and Amaranthus caudatus L., two plant species from South America, have small and numerous chromosomes. Looking for chromosome markers to distinguish pairs of homologous chromosomes double fluorescence staining, in situ hybridization with 45S rDNA and silver staining were applied. Fluorescent in situ hybridization with 45S rDNA has shown two sites of hybridization occurring on one pair of chromosomes in quinua genome (lines PQ-1, PQ-8). The number of rDNA loci in Amaranthus caudatus L. genome depends on the accession. Kiwicha 3 line has one pair of chromosomes with signals and Kiwicha Molinera cultivar two pairs. All observed rDNA loci were active. After chromomycin/DAPI staining in all cases, except Kiwicha Molinera cultivar, the CMA3 positive bands co-localized with signals of in situ hybridization with rDNA. In Kiwicha Molinera the number of CMA+bands was higher than the number of 45S rDNA signals after FISH.},
note = {18},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Chenopodium quinoa Wild. and Amaranthus caudatus L., two plant species from South America, have small and numerous chromosomes. Looking for chromosome markers to distinguish pairs of homologous chromosomes double fluorescence staining, in situ hybridization with 45S rDNA and silver staining were applied. Fluorescent in situ hybridization with 45S rDNA has shown two sites of hybridization occurring on one pair of chromosomes in quinua genome (lines PQ-1, PQ-8). The number of rDNA loci in Amaranthus caudatus L. genome depends on the accession. Kiwicha 3 line has one pair of chromosomes with signals and Kiwicha Molinera cultivar two pairs. All observed rDNA loci were active. After chromomycin/DAPI staining in all cases, except Kiwicha Molinera cultivar, the CMA3 positive bands co-localized with signals of in situ hybridization with rDNA. In Kiwicha Molinera the number of CMA+bands was higher than the number of 45S rDNA signals after FISH.