• dr Małgorzata Kalandyk-Kołodziejczyk
Stanowisko: Adiunkt
Jednostka: Wydział Nauk Przyrodniczych
Adres: 40-007 Katowice, ul. Bankowa 9
Piętro: I
Numer pokoju: 114
Telefon: (32) 359 1619
E-mail: malgorzata.kalandyk@us.edu.pl
Spis publikacji: Spis wg CINiBA
Spis publikacji: Spis wg OPUS
Scopus Author ID: 54393213500
Publikacje z bazy Scopus
2023
Kalandyk-Kołodziejczyk, M.; Walczak, M.; Podsiadło, E.; Franielczyk-Pietyra, B.; Brożek, J.
Intraspecific Variability in Trionymus aberrans Goux, 1938 (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae) with Description of the Second-Instar Nymph Journal Article
In: Insects, vol. 14, no. 12, 2023, ISSN: 20754450.
@article{2-s2.0-85180639862,
title = {Intraspecific Variability in Trionymus aberrans Goux, 1938 (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae) with Description of the Second-Instar Nymph},
author = { M. Kalandyk-Kołodziejczyk and M. Walczak and E. Podsiadło and B. Franielczyk-Pietyra and J. Brożek},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85180639862&doi=10.3390%2finsects14120945&partnerID=40&md5=c526eaaabf94dad2189f58c447f8c6a2},
doi = {10.3390/insects14120945},
issn = {20754450},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-01-01},
journal = {Insects},
volume = {14},
number = {12},
publisher = {Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)},
abstract = {The morphological characteristics of adult females of Trionymus aberrans Goux, 1938 (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae) collected from post-industrial wastelands and other habitats in Poland and other countries were studied. Distinctive morphological variations were observed in the specimens from post-industrial wastelands in Poland. Scanning electron micrographs of the morphological characters of T. aberrans are provided. The presence of unusual pores, each with four loculi, was demonstrated for the first time in a species of Pseudococcidae. The importance of introducing additional morphological characters into the species description is discussed. New data on the frequency and host preferences of T. aberrans are also provided. This research is the first long-term study on scale insect species in post-industrial wastelands. The second-instar nymph of T. aberrans is described and illustrated and the presence of translucent pores on the hind coxae of this developmental stage is reported for the first time. © 2023 by the authors.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The morphological characteristics of adult females of Trionymus aberrans Goux, 1938 (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae) collected from post-industrial wastelands and other habitats in Poland and other countries were studied. Distinctive morphological variations were observed in the specimens from post-industrial wastelands in Poland. Scanning electron micrographs of the morphological characters of T. aberrans are provided. The presence of unusual pores, each with four loculi, was demonstrated for the first time in a species of Pseudococcidae. The importance of introducing additional morphological characters into the species description is discussed. New data on the frequency and host preferences of T. aberrans are also provided. This research is the first long-term study on scale insect species in post-industrial wastelands. The second-instar nymph of T. aberrans is described and illustrated and the presence of translucent pores on the hind coxae of this developmental stage is reported for the first time. © 2023 by the authors.
Walczak, M.; Gębicki, C.; Taszakowski, A.; Junkiert, Ł.; Kalandyk-Kołodziejczyk, M.
A new genus and species, Brixiola perinetana gen. et sp. nov., of planthoppers (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Cixiidae) from Madagascar Journal Article
In: Bonn Zoological Bulletin, vol. 72, no. 1, pp. 151-161, 2023, ISSN: 21907307, (1).
@article{2-s2.0-85180326773,
title = {A new genus and species, Brixiola perinetana gen. et sp. nov., of planthoppers (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Cixiidae) from Madagascar},
author = { M. Walczak and C. Gębicki and A. Taszakowski and Ł. Junkiert and M. Kalandyk-Kołodziejczyk},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85180326773&doi=10.20363%2fBZB-2023.72.1.151&partnerID=40&md5=d1996f290d11cb3f7a56f20e84b7aec8},
doi = {10.20363/BZB-2023.72.1.151},
issn = {21907307},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-01-01},
journal = {Bonn Zoological Bulletin},
volume = {72},
number = {1},
pages = {151-161},
publisher = {Zoologisches Forschungsinstitut und Museum Alexander Koenig},
abstract = {A new genus from Madagascar, Brixiola Walczak, Gebicki & Taszakowski gen. nov., with its type species Brixiola perinetana Walczak, Gebicki & Taszakowski sp. nov. are described and placed in the tribe Brixiini (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Cixiidae). In its external structure, the new taxon is most similar to species of the genus Brixia Stål. Photographs of the adult, illustrations of male genitalia and SEM micrographs of the morphological characters of new species are also provided. © 2023 Walczak M. et al.},
note = {1},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
A new genus from Madagascar, Brixiola Walczak, Gebicki & Taszakowski gen. nov., with its type species Brixiola perinetana Walczak, Gebicki & Taszakowski sp. nov. are described and placed in the tribe Brixiini (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Cixiidae). In its external structure, the new taxon is most similar to species of the genus Brixia Stål. Photographs of the adult, illustrations of male genitalia and SEM micrographs of the morphological characters of new species are also provided. © 2023 Walczak M. et al.
Franielczyk-Pietyra, B.; Kalandyk-Kołodziejczyk, M.; Drohojowska, J.
Is Every Vein a Real Vein? Cross-Section of the Wing of Matsucoccus Pini (Insecta, Hemiptera, Coccoidea: Matsucoccidae) Journal Article
In: Insects, vol. 14, no. 4, 2023, ISSN: 20754450.
@article{2-s2.0-85156126938,
title = {Is Every Vein a Real Vein? Cross-Section of the Wing of Matsucoccus Pini (Insecta, Hemiptera, Coccoidea: Matsucoccidae)},
author = { B. Franielczyk-Pietyra and M. Kalandyk-Kołodziejczyk and J. Drohojowska},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85156126938&doi=10.3390%2finsects14040390&partnerID=40&md5=a68376ba2ba1aa0079a45f6cfbaf24a6},
doi = {10.3390/insects14040390},
issn = {20754450},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-01-01},
journal = {Insects},
volume = {14},
number = {4},
publisher = {MDPI},
abstract = {Wings of Matsucoccus pini males were studied. Using light and scanning electron microscopes, both sides of the wing membrane, dorsal and ventral, were examined. The presence of only one vein in the common stem was confirmed by the cross-section, namely the radius. The elements regarded as subcostal and medial veins were not confirmed as veins. On the dorsal side of the wings, a cluster of campaniform sensilla is shown for the first time in the family Matsucoccidae, through SEM, and two additional sensilla were found on the ventral side. There was a lack of alar setae, microtrichia as well as pterostigma. This is the second cross-section of the wing among scale insects. We propose the following nomenclature for the wings in the family Matsucoccidae: subcostal thickening (sct), radius (R), median fold (med) and anal fold (af). © 2023 by the authors.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Wings of Matsucoccus pini males were studied. Using light and scanning electron microscopes, both sides of the wing membrane, dorsal and ventral, were examined. The presence of only one vein in the common stem was confirmed by the cross-section, namely the radius. The elements regarded as subcostal and medial veins were not confirmed as veins. On the dorsal side of the wings, a cluster of campaniform sensilla is shown for the first time in the family Matsucoccidae, through SEM, and two additional sensilla were found on the ventral side. There was a lack of alar setae, microtrichia as well as pterostigma. This is the second cross-section of the wing among scale insects. We propose the following nomenclature for the wings in the family Matsucoccidae: subcostal thickening (sct), radius (R), median fold (med) and anal fold (af). © 2023 by the authors.
2022
Szklarzewicz, T.; Kalandyk-Kołodziejczyk, M.; Michalik, A.
In: Journal of Anatomy, vol. 241, no. 3, pp. 860-872, 2022, ISSN: 00218782, (1).
@article{2-s2.0-85131556037,
title = {Ovary structure and symbiotic associates of a ground mealybug, Rhizoecus albidus (Hemiptera, Coccomorpha: Rhizoecidae) and their phylogenetic implications},
author = { T. Szklarzewicz and M. Kalandyk-Kołodziejczyk and A. Michalik},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85131556037&doi=10.1111%2fjoa.13712&partnerID=40&md5=679e8e3ab578f8050228cb2e5596717f},
doi = {10.1111/joa.13712},
issn = {00218782},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Anatomy},
volume = {241},
number = {3},
pages = {860-872},
publisher = {John Wiley and Sons Inc},
abstract = {The ovary structure and the organization of its symbiotic system of the ground mealybug, Rhizoecus albidus (Rhizoecidae), were examined by means of microscopic and molecular methods. Each of the paired elongated ovaries of R. albidus is composed of circa one hundred short telotrophic-meroistic ovarioles, which are radially arranged along the distal part of the lateral oviduct. Analysis of serial sections revealed that each ovariole contains four germ cells: three trophocytes (nurse cells) occupying the tropharium and a single oocyte in the vitellarium. The ovaries are accompanied by giant cells termed bacteriocytes which are tightly packed with large pleomorphic bacteria. Their identity as Brownia rhizoecola (Bacteroidetes) was confirmed by means of amplicon sequencing and fluorescence in situ hybridization techniques. Moreover, to our knowledge, this is the first report on the morphology and ultrastructure of the Brownia rhizoecola bacterium. In the bacteriocyte cytoplasm bacteria Brownia co-reside with sporadic rod-shaped smaller bacteria, namely Wolbachia (Proteobacteria: Alphaproteobacteria). Both symbionts are transmitted to the next generation vertically (maternally), that is, via female germline cells. We documented that, at the time when ovarioles contain oocytes at the vitellogenic stage, these symbionts leave the bacteriocytes and move toward the neck region of ovarioles (i.e. the region between tropharium and vitellarium). Next, the bacteria enter the cytoplasm of follicular cells surrounding the basal part of the tropharium, leave them and enter the space between the follicular epithelium and surface of the nutritive cord connecting the tropharium and vitellarium. Finally, they gather in the deep depression of the oolemma at the anterior pole of the oocyte in the form of a ‘symbiont ball’. Our results provide further arguments strongly supporting the validity of the recent changes in the classification of mealybugs, which involved excluding ground mealybugs from the Pseudococcidae family and raising them to the rank of their own family Rhizoecidae. © 2022 Anatomical Society.},
note = {1},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The ovary structure and the organization of its symbiotic system of the ground mealybug, Rhizoecus albidus (Rhizoecidae), were examined by means of microscopic and molecular methods. Each of the paired elongated ovaries of R. albidus is composed of circa one hundred short telotrophic-meroistic ovarioles, which are radially arranged along the distal part of the lateral oviduct. Analysis of serial sections revealed that each ovariole contains four germ cells: three trophocytes (nurse cells) occupying the tropharium and a single oocyte in the vitellarium. The ovaries are accompanied by giant cells termed bacteriocytes which are tightly packed with large pleomorphic bacteria. Their identity as Brownia rhizoecola (Bacteroidetes) was confirmed by means of amplicon sequencing and fluorescence in situ hybridization techniques. Moreover, to our knowledge, this is the first report on the morphology and ultrastructure of the Brownia rhizoecola bacterium. In the bacteriocyte cytoplasm bacteria Brownia co-reside with sporadic rod-shaped smaller bacteria, namely Wolbachia (Proteobacteria: Alphaproteobacteria). Both symbionts are transmitted to the next generation vertically (maternally), that is, via female germline cells. We documented that, at the time when ovarioles contain oocytes at the vitellogenic stage, these symbionts leave the bacteriocytes and move toward the neck region of ovarioles (i.e. the region between tropharium and vitellarium). Next, the bacteria enter the cytoplasm of follicular cells surrounding the basal part of the tropharium, leave them and enter the space between the follicular epithelium and surface of the nutritive cord connecting the tropharium and vitellarium. Finally, they gather in the deep depression of the oolemma at the anterior pole of the oocyte in the form of a ‘symbiont ball’. Our results provide further arguments strongly supporting the validity of the recent changes in the classification of mealybugs, which involved excluding ground mealybugs from the Pseudococcidae family and raising them to the rank of their own family Rhizoecidae. © 2022 Anatomical Society.
Podsiadło, E.; Kalandyk-Kołodziejczyk, M.
A study on the life history of Diaspidiotus ostreaeformis in Poland Journal Article
In: Bulletin of Insectology, vol. 75, no. 1, pp. 71-73, 2022, ISSN: 17218861.
@article{2-s2.0-85127757714,
title = {A study on the life history of Diaspidiotus ostreaeformis in Poland},
author = { E. Podsiadło and M. Kalandyk-Kołodziejczyk},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85127757714&partnerID=40&md5=d82bdacd822702a525c4adf3eaff832b},
issn = {17218861},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-01-01},
journal = {Bulletin of Insectology},
volume = {75},
number = {1},
pages = {71-73},
publisher = {Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences},
abstract = {This paper presents the results of a study on the biology of Diaspidiotus ostreaeformis (Curtis) (Hemiptera Diaspididae) conducted in Poland during 2019. The observations revealed that population of D. ostreaeformis in the area of study is biparental and that it develops one generation a year. Second instar nymph overwinters. © 2022, Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences. All rights reserved.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This paper presents the results of a study on the biology of Diaspidiotus ostreaeformis (Curtis) (Hemiptera Diaspididae) conducted in Poland during 2019. The observations revealed that population of D. ostreaeformis in the area of study is biparental and that it develops one generation a year. Second instar nymph overwinters. © 2022, Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences. All rights reserved.
2021
Szklarzewicz, T.; Michalik, K.; Grzywacz, B.; Kalandyk-Kołodziejczyk, M.; Michalik, A.
Fungal associates of soft scale insects (Coccomorpha: Coccidae) Journal Article
In: Cells, vol. 10, no. 8, 2021, ISSN: 20734409, (2).
@article{2-s2.0-85115124397,
title = {Fungal associates of soft scale insects (Coccomorpha: Coccidae)},
author = { T. Szklarzewicz and K. Michalik and B. Grzywacz and M. Kalandyk-Kołodziejczyk and A. Michalik},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85115124397&doi=10.3390%2fcells10081922&partnerID=40&md5=62daa3e694bb193f524fa3883a5e8b79},
doi = {10.3390/cells10081922},
issn = {20734409},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-01},
journal = {Cells},
volume = {10},
number = {8},
publisher = {MDPI},
abstract = {Ophiocordyceps fungi are commonly known as virulent, specialized entomopathogens; however, recent studies indicate that fungi belonging to the Ophiocordycypitaceae family may also reside in symbiotic interaction with their host insect. In this paper, we demonstrate that Ophiocordyceps fungi may be obligatory symbionts of sap-sucking hemipterans. We investigated the symbiotic systems of eight Polish species of scale insects of Coccidae family: Parthenolecanium corni, Parthenolecanium fletcheri, Parthenolecanium pomeranicum, Psilococcus ruber, Sphaerolecanium prunasti, Eriopeltis festucae, Lecanopsis formicarum and Eulecanium tiliae. Our histological, ultrastructural and molecular analyses showed that all these species host fungal symbionts in the fat body cells. Analyses of ITS2 and Beta-tubulin gene sequences, as well as fluorescence in situ hybridization, confirmed that they should all be classified to the genus Ophiocordyceps. The essential role of the fungal symbionts observed in the biology of the soft scale insects examined was confirmed by their transovarial transmission between generations. In this paper, the consecutive stages of fungal symbiont transmission were analyzed under TEM for the first time. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.},
note = {2},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Ophiocordyceps fungi are commonly known as virulent, specialized entomopathogens; however, recent studies indicate that fungi belonging to the Ophiocordycypitaceae family may also reside in symbiotic interaction with their host insect. In this paper, we demonstrate that Ophiocordyceps fungi may be obligatory symbionts of sap-sucking hemipterans. We investigated the symbiotic systems of eight Polish species of scale insects of Coccidae family: Parthenolecanium corni, Parthenolecanium fletcheri, Parthenolecanium pomeranicum, Psilococcus ruber, Sphaerolecanium prunasti, Eriopeltis festucae, Lecanopsis formicarum and Eulecanium tiliae. Our histological, ultrastructural and molecular analyses showed that all these species host fungal symbionts in the fat body cells. Analyses of ITS2 and Beta-tubulin gene sequences, as well as fluorescence in situ hybridization, confirmed that they should all be classified to the genus Ophiocordyceps. The essential role of the fungal symbionts observed in the biology of the soft scale insects examined was confirmed by their transovarial transmission between generations. In this paper, the consecutive stages of fungal symbiont transmission were analyzed under TEM for the first time. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
Gębicki, C.; Walczak, M.; Krupa, P.; Kalandyk-Kołodziejczyk, M.
Ugyopini of new Caledonia (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Delphacidae: Asiracinae) with a description of Notuchus linnavuorii sp. nov. Journal Article
In: Bonn Zoological Bulletin, vol. 70, no. 1, pp. 97-113, 2021, ISSN: 21907307, (1).
@article{2-s2.0-85113986195,
title = {Ugyopini of new Caledonia (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Delphacidae: Asiracinae) with a description of Notuchus linnavuorii sp. nov.},
author = { C. Gębicki and M. Walczak and P. Krupa and M. Kalandyk-Kołodziejczyk},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85113986195&doi=10.20363%2fBZB-2021.70.1.097&partnerID=40&md5=6fe4d338fab10a9050dad19cf5997c64},
doi = {10.20363/BZB-2021.70.1.097},
issn = {21907307},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-01},
journal = {Bonn Zoological Bulletin},
volume = {70},
number = {1},
pages = {97-113},
publisher = {Zoologisches Forschungsinstitut und Museum Alexander Koenig},
abstract = {The paper presents information about species of Ugyopini, Fennah, 1979 from New Caledonia. One new species from New Caledonia is described, Notuchus linnavuorii sp. nov., with notes on the morphological details of selected external structures. An identification key to all of the species of Notuchus Fennah, 1969 and a checklist of the species of this genus are also provided. The male terminalia of three species of the genus Ugyops Guérin-Méneville, 1834 (U. inermis Distant; 1920; U. nemestrinus Fennah; 1969 and U. taranis Fennah; 1964) are described and illustrated for the first time. © ZFMK.},
note = {1},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The paper presents information about species of Ugyopini, Fennah, 1979 from New Caledonia. One new species from New Caledonia is described, Notuchus linnavuorii sp. nov., with notes on the morphological details of selected external structures. An identification key to all of the species of Notuchus Fennah, 1969 and a checklist of the species of this genus are also provided. The male terminalia of three species of the genus Ugyops Guérin-Méneville, 1834 (U. inermis Distant; 1920; U. nemestrinus Fennah; 1969 and U. taranis Fennah; 1964) are described and illustrated for the first time. © ZFMK.
Bugaj-Nawrocka, A.; Junkiert, Ł.; Kalandyk-Kołodziejczyk, M.; Wieczorek, K.
In: Bonn Zoological Bulletin, vol. 70, no. 2, pp. 281-315, 2021, ISSN: 21907307.
@article{2-s2.0-85119013835,
title = {Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) in the entomological collection of the Zoology Research Group, University of Silesia in Katowice (DZUS), Poland},
author = { A. Bugaj-Nawrocka and Ł. Junkiert and M. Kalandyk-Kołodziejczyk and K. Wieczorek},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85119013835&doi=10.20363%2fBZB-2021.70.2.281&partnerID=40&md5=d1cd5e3168cb33cd8529139ba41addbd},
doi = {10.20363/BZB-2021.70.2.281},
issn = {21907307},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-01},
journal = {Bonn Zoological Bulletin},
volume = {70},
number = {2},
pages = {281-315},
publisher = {Zoologisches Forschungsinstitut und Museum Alexander Koenig},
abstract = {Information about the scientific collections is made available more and more often. The digitisation of such resources allows us to verify their value and share these records with other scientists – and they are usually rich in taxa and unique in the world. Moreover, such information significantly enriches local and global knowledge about biodiversity. The digitisation of the resources of the Zoology Research Group, University of Silesia in Katowice (Poland) allowed presenting a substantial collection of scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha). The collection counts 9369 slide-mounted specimens, about 200 alcohol-preserved samples, close to 2500 dry specimens stored in glass vials and 1319 amber inclusions representing 343 taxa (289 identified to species level), 158 genera and 36 families (29 extant and seven extinct). A significant part is the collection of an outstanding Polish coccidologist, Professor Jan Koteja. The geographical analysis of the scale insects collected shows mainly Eurasian areas, but there is also material from North America, South America, as well as Africa and New Zealand. ©ZFMK},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Information about the scientific collections is made available more and more often. The digitisation of such resources allows us to verify their value and share these records with other scientists – and they are usually rich in taxa and unique in the world. Moreover, such information significantly enriches local and global knowledge about biodiversity. The digitisation of the resources of the Zoology Research Group, University of Silesia in Katowice (Poland) allowed presenting a substantial collection of scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha). The collection counts 9369 slide-mounted specimens, about 200 alcohol-preserved samples, close to 2500 dry specimens stored in glass vials and 1319 amber inclusions representing 343 taxa (289 identified to species level), 158 genera and 36 families (29 extant and seven extinct). A significant part is the collection of an outstanding Polish coccidologist, Professor Jan Koteja. The geographical analysis of the scale insects collected shows mainly Eurasian areas, but there is also material from North America, South America, as well as Africa and New Zealand. ©ZFMK
2019
Michalik, A.; Michalik, K.; Grzywacz, B.; Kalandyk-Kołodziejczyk, M.; Szklarzewicz, T.
In: Protoplasma, vol. 256, no. 6, pp. 1597-1608, 2019, ISSN: 0033183X, (4).
@article{2-s2.0-85068343793,
title = {Molecular characterization, ultrastructure, and transovarial transmission of Tremblaya phenacola in six mealybugs of the Phenacoccinae subfamily (Insecta, Hemiptera, Coccomorpha)},
author = { A. Michalik and K. Michalik and B. Grzywacz and M. Kalandyk-Kołodziejczyk and T. Szklarzewicz},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85068343793&doi=10.1007%2fs00709-019-01405-y&partnerID=40&md5=25420e78dac2f5a4f72557d557801a16},
doi = {10.1007/s00709-019-01405-y},
issn = {0033183X},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-01-01},
journal = {Protoplasma},
volume = {256},
number = {6},
pages = {1597-1608},
publisher = {Springer-Verlag Wien},
abstract = {Mealybugs (Hemiptera; Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae) are plant sap-sucking insects which require close association with nutritional microorganisms for their proper development and reproduction. Here, we present the results of histological, ultrastructural, and molecular analyses of symbiotic systems of six mealybugs belonging to the Phenacoccinae subfamily: Phenacoccus aceris, Rhodania porifera, Coccura comari, Mirococcus clarus, Peliococcus calluneti, and Ceroputo pilosellae. Molecular analyses based on bacterial 16S rRNA genes have revealed that all the investigated species of Phenacoccinae are host to only one type of symbiotic bacteria—a large pleomorphic betaproteobacteria—Tremblaya phenacola. In all the species examined, bacteria are localized in the specialized cells of the host-insect termed bacteriocytes and are transovarially transmitted between generations. The mode of transovarial transmission is similar in all of the species investigated. Infection takes place in the neck region of the ovariole, between the tropharium and vitellarium. The co-phylogeny between mealybugs and bacteria Tremblaya has been also analyzed. © 2019, The Author(s).},
note = {4},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Mealybugs (Hemiptera; Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae) are plant sap-sucking insects which require close association with nutritional microorganisms for their proper development and reproduction. Here, we present the results of histological, ultrastructural, and molecular analyses of symbiotic systems of six mealybugs belonging to the Phenacoccinae subfamily: Phenacoccus aceris, Rhodania porifera, Coccura comari, Mirococcus clarus, Peliococcus calluneti, and Ceroputo pilosellae. Molecular analyses based on bacterial 16S rRNA genes have revealed that all the investigated species of Phenacoccinae are host to only one type of symbiotic bacteria—a large pleomorphic betaproteobacteria—Tremblaya phenacola. In all the species examined, bacteria are localized in the specialized cells of the host-insect termed bacteriocytes and are transovarially transmitted between generations. The mode of transovarial transmission is similar in all of the species investigated. Infection takes place in the neck region of the ovariole, between the tropharium and vitellarium. The co-phylogeny between mealybugs and bacteria Tremblaya has been also analyzed. © 2019, The Author(s).
Michalik, K.; Szklarzewicz, T.; Kalandyk-Kołodziejczyk, M.; Michalik, A.
In: Protoplasma, vol. 256, no. 5, pp. 1205-1215, 2019, ISSN: 0033183X, (3).
@article{2-s2.0-85064657915,
title = {Bacterial associates of Orthezia urticae, Matsucoccus pini, and Steingelia gorodetskia - scale insects of archaeoccoid families Ortheziidae, Matsucoccidae, and Steingeliidae (Hemiptera, Coccomorpha)},
author = { K. Michalik and T. Szklarzewicz and M. Kalandyk-Kołodziejczyk and A. Michalik},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85064657915&doi=10.1007%2fs00709-019-01377-z&partnerID=40&md5=1407de8c0996e20b8a497ce29efc77e5},
doi = {10.1007/s00709-019-01377-z},
issn = {0033183X},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-01-01},
journal = {Protoplasma},
volume = {256},
number = {5},
pages = {1205-1215},
publisher = {Springer-Verlag Wien},
abstract = {The biological nature, ultrastructure, distribution, and mode of transmission between generations of the microorganisms associated with three species (Orthezia urticae; Matsucoccus pini; Steingelia gorodetskia) of primitive families (archaeococcoids = Orthezioidea) of scale insects were investigated by means of microscopic and molecular methods. In all the specimens of Orthezia urticae and Matsucoccus pini examined, bacteria Wolbachia were identified. In some examined specimens of O. urticae, apart from Wolbachia, bacteria Sodalis were detected. In Steingelia gorodetskia, the bacteria of the genus Sphingomonas were found. In contrast to most plant sap-sucking hemipterans, the bacterial associates of O. urticae, M. pini, and S. gorodetskia are not harbored in specialized bacteriocytes, but are dispersed in the cells of different organs. Ultrastructural observations have shown that bacteria Wolbachia in O. urticae and M. pini, Sodalis in O. urticae, and Sphingomonas in S. gorodetskia are transovarially transmitted from mother to progeny. © 2019, The Author(s).},
note = {3},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The biological nature, ultrastructure, distribution, and mode of transmission between generations of the microorganisms associated with three species (Orthezia urticae; Matsucoccus pini; Steingelia gorodetskia) of primitive families (archaeococcoids = Orthezioidea) of scale insects were investigated by means of microscopic and molecular methods. In all the specimens of Orthezia urticae and Matsucoccus pini examined, bacteria Wolbachia were identified. In some examined specimens of O. urticae, apart from Wolbachia, bacteria Sodalis were detected. In Steingelia gorodetskia, the bacteria of the genus Sphingomonas were found. In contrast to most plant sap-sucking hemipterans, the bacterial associates of O. urticae, M. pini, and S. gorodetskia are not harbored in specialized bacteriocytes, but are dispersed in the cells of different organs. Ultrastructural observations have shown that bacteria Wolbachia in O. urticae and M. pini, Sodalis in O. urticae, and Sphingomonas in S. gorodetskia are transovarially transmitted from mother to progeny. © 2019, The Author(s).
2018
Szklarzewicz, T.; Kalandyk-Kołodziejczyk, M.; Michalik, K.; Jankowska, W.; Michalik, A.
Symbiotic microorganisms in Puto superbus (Leonardi, 1907) (Insecta, Hemiptera, Coccomorpha: Putoidae) Journal Article
In: Protoplasma, vol. 255, no. 1, pp. 129-138, 2018, ISSN: 0033183X, (12).
@article{2-s2.0-85021751600,
title = {Symbiotic microorganisms in Puto superbus (Leonardi, 1907) (Insecta, Hemiptera, Coccomorpha: Putoidae)},
author = { T. Szklarzewicz and M. Kalandyk-Kołodziejczyk and K. Michalik and W. Jankowska and A. Michalik},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85021751600&doi=10.1007%2fs00709-017-1135-7&partnerID=40&md5=2738a7846f4a530b980b6d39bc72a158},
doi = {10.1007/s00709-017-1135-7},
issn = {0033183X},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-01-01},
journal = {Protoplasma},
volume = {255},
number = {1},
pages = {129-138},
publisher = {Springer-Verlag Wien},
abstract = {The scale insect Puto superbus (Putoidae) lives in mutualistic symbiotic association with bacteria. Molecular phylogenetic analyses have revealed that symbionts of P. superbus belong to the gammaproteobacterial genus Sodalis. In the adult females, symbionts occur both in the bacteriocytes constituting compact bacteriomes and in individual bacteriocytes, which are dispersed among ovarioles. The bacteriocytes also house a few small, rod-shaped Wolbachia bacteria in addition to the numerous large, elongated Sodalis-allied bacteria. The symbiotic microorganisms are transovarially transmitted from generation to generation. In adult females which have choriogenic oocytes in the ovarioles, the bacteriocytes gather around the basal part of the tropharium. Next, the entire bacteriocytes pass through the follicular epithelium surrounding the neck region of the ovariole and enter the space between oocyte and follicular epithelium (perivitelline space). In the perivitelline space, the bacteriocytes assemble extracellularly in the deep depression of the oolemma at the anterior pole of the oocyte, forming a “symbiont ball”. © 2017, The Author(s).},
note = {12},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The scale insect Puto superbus (Putoidae) lives in mutualistic symbiotic association with bacteria. Molecular phylogenetic analyses have revealed that symbionts of P. superbus belong to the gammaproteobacterial genus Sodalis. In the adult females, symbionts occur both in the bacteriocytes constituting compact bacteriomes and in individual bacteriocytes, which are dispersed among ovarioles. The bacteriocytes also house a few small, rod-shaped Wolbachia bacteria in addition to the numerous large, elongated Sodalis-allied bacteria. The symbiotic microorganisms are transovarially transmitted from generation to generation. In adult females which have choriogenic oocytes in the ovarioles, the bacteriocytes gather around the basal part of the tropharium. Next, the entire bacteriocytes pass through the follicular epithelium surrounding the neck region of the ovariole and enter the space between oocyte and follicular epithelium (perivitelline space). In the perivitelline space, the bacteriocytes assemble extracellularly in the deep depression of the oolemma at the anterior pole of the oocyte, forming a “symbiont ball”. © 2017, The Author(s).
2016
Michalik, K.; Szklarzewicz, T.; Kalandyk-Kołodziejczyk, M.; Jankowska, W.; Michalik, A.
In: Arthropod Structure and Development, vol. 45, no. 3, pp. 265-272, 2016, ISSN: 14678039, (20).
@article{2-s2.0-84992312374,
title = {Bacteria belonging to the genus Burkholderia are obligatory symbionts of the eriococcids Acanthococcus aceris Signoret, 1875 and Gossyparia spuria (Modeer, 1778) (Insecta, Hemiptera, Coccoidea)},
author = { K. Michalik and T. Szklarzewicz and M. Kalandyk-Kołodziejczyk and W. Jankowska and A. Michalik},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84992312374&doi=10.1016%2fj.asd.2016.04.002&partnerID=40&md5=5f2ea5b20b38ca7dc7c01f3ace8a0688},
doi = {10.1016/j.asd.2016.04.002},
issn = {14678039},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Arthropod Structure and Development},
volume = {45},
number = {3},
pages = {265-272},
publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
abstract = {In the fat body cells of the scale insects, Gossyparia spuria and Acanthococcus aceris, numerous rod-shaped symbiotic bacteria occur. Molecular analyses have revealed that these microorganisms are closely related to the widely distributed bacterium Burkholderia. Ultrastructural observations have revealed that the bacteria are transovarially (vertically) transmitted from the mother to offspring. The microorganisms leave the fat body cells and invade ovarioles containing vitellogenic oocytes. They pass through the follicular epithelium in the neck region of the ovariole and enter the perivitelline space. Next, the symbionts infest the anterior region of the oocyte. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd.},
note = {20},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
In the fat body cells of the scale insects, Gossyparia spuria and Acanthococcus aceris, numerous rod-shaped symbiotic bacteria occur. Molecular analyses have revealed that these microorganisms are closely related to the widely distributed bacterium Burkholderia. Ultrastructural observations have revealed that the bacteria are transovarially (vertically) transmitted from the mother to offspring. The microorganisms leave the fat body cells and invade ovarioles containing vitellogenic oocytes. They pass through the follicular epithelium in the neck region of the ovariole and enter the perivitelline space. Next, the symbionts infest the anterior region of the oocyte. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd.
Kalandyk-Kołodziejczyk, M.
Istituto Sperimentale per la Zoologia Agraria, vol. 99, 2016, ISSN: 03704327, (1).
@proceedings{2-s2.0-85012159504,
title = {The second instar of Brevennia pulveraria (Newstead, 1892) (Hemiptera coccomorpha pseudococcidae) with notes on the taxonomic affinities of the species},
author = { M. Kalandyk-Kołodziejczyk},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85012159504&doi=10.19263%2fREDIA-99.16.25&partnerID=40&md5=b4c073ebad896831c41ec7556f7098f9},
doi = {10.19263/REDIA-99.16.25},
issn = {03704327},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Redia},
volume = {99},
pages = {197-200},
publisher = {Istituto Sperimentale per la Zoologia Agraria},
abstract = {The second instar of Brevennia pulveraria is described and illustrated. The characteristic features common to both the adult female and second-instar nymph are presented. The characters of immature instars may be useful for identification to species level. Notes on the taxonomic affinity of B. Pulveraria are presented.},
note = {1},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
The second instar of Brevennia pulveraria is described and illustrated. The characteristic features common to both the adult female and second-instar nymph are presented. The characters of immature instars may be useful for identification to species level. Notes on the taxonomic affinity of B. Pulveraria are presented.
2014
Kalandyk-Kołodziejczyk, M.; Simon, E.
Rare scale insect species (Hemiptera, Coccoidea) in urban parks and semi-natural habitats in Southern Poland Journal Article
In: Acta Zoologica Bulgarica, vol. 66, pp. 51-54, 2014, ISSN: 03240770, (1).
@article{2-s2.0-84907509455,
title = {Rare scale insect species (Hemiptera, Coccoidea) in urban parks and semi-natural habitats in Southern Poland},
author = { M. Kalandyk-Kołodziejczyk and E. Simon},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84907509455&partnerID=40&md5=d04828ac5a85d63da49e590c2fdf2a3a},
issn = {03240770},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {Acta Zoologica Bulgarica},
volume = {66},
pages = {51-54},
publisher = {Bulgarian Academy of Sciences},
abstract = {A survey of urban parks and semi-natural habitats in Upper Silesia between 2011-2013 found some rare scale insect species, amongst them Puto superbus, Volvicoccus stipae and Trionymus hamberdi, which were found in new localities. New data on biology of Puto superbus are given.},
note = {1},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
A survey of urban parks and semi-natural habitats in Upper Silesia between 2011-2013 found some rare scale insect species, amongst them Puto superbus, Volvicoccus stipae and Trionymus hamberdi, which were found in new localities. New data on biology of Puto superbus are given.
Szklarzewicz, T.; Michalik, A.; Kalandyk-Kołodziejczyk, M.; Kobiałka, M.; Simon, E.
Ovary of Matsucoccus pini (Insecta, Hemiptera, Coccinea: Matsucoccidae): Morphology, ultrastructure, and phylogenetic implications Journal Article
In: Microscopy Research and Technique, vol. 77, no. 5, pp. 327-334, 2014, ISSN: 1059910X, (8).
@article{2-s2.0-84899078446,
title = {Ovary of Matsucoccus pini (Insecta, Hemiptera, Coccinea: Matsucoccidae): Morphology, ultrastructure, and phylogenetic implications},
author = { T. Szklarzewicz and A. Michalik and M. Kalandyk-Kołodziejczyk and M. Kobiałka and E. Simon},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84899078446&doi=10.1002%2fjemt.22347&partnerID=40&md5=1c7485104862877e83e0496cd6e836da},
doi = {10.1002/jemt.22347},
issn = {1059910X},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {Microscopy Research and Technique},
volume = {77},
number = {5},
pages = {327-334},
publisher = {Wiley-Liss Inc.},
abstract = {The structure of ovary in a representative of the scale insect family Matsucoccidae, Matsucoccus pini, is described at the ultrastructural level. The paired ovaries of M. pini are composed of about 50 ovarioles of telotrophic type that develop asynchronously. An individual ovariole consists of an anterior tropharium (trophic chamber) and posterior vitellarium. The tropharium encloses trophocytes (nurse cells) and early previtellogenic oocytes termed arrested oocytes. In the vitellarium from 1 to 6, linearly arranged oocytes may develop. Analysis of serial sections has shown that each ovariole contains 32 germ cells (trophocytes; arrested oocytes; and developing oocytes). In the cytoplasm of all these cells, small rod-shaped bacteria are present. In the early vitellogenic oocytes, accessory nuclei arise. As vitellogenesis progresses, these nuclei migrate toward the cortical ooplasm. The obtained results are discussed in a phylogenetic context. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.},
note = {8},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The structure of ovary in a representative of the scale insect family Matsucoccidae, Matsucoccus pini, is described at the ultrastructural level. The paired ovaries of M. pini are composed of about 50 ovarioles of telotrophic type that develop asynchronously. An individual ovariole consists of an anterior tropharium (trophic chamber) and posterior vitellarium. The tropharium encloses trophocytes (nurse cells) and early previtellogenic oocytes termed arrested oocytes. In the vitellarium from 1 to 6, linearly arranged oocytes may develop. Analysis of serial sections has shown that each ovariole contains 32 germ cells (trophocytes; arrested oocytes; and developing oocytes). In the cytoplasm of all these cells, small rod-shaped bacteria are present. In the early vitellogenic oocytes, accessory nuclei arise. As vitellogenesis progresses, these nuclei migrate toward the cortical ooplasm. The obtained results are discussed in a phylogenetic context. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
2013
Drohojowska, J.; Kalandyk-Kołodziejczyk, M.; Simon, E.
Thorax morphology of selected species of the genus Cacopsylla (Hemiptera, Psylloidea) Journal Article
In: ZooKeys, vol. 319, pp. 27-35, 2013, ISSN: 13132989, (4).
@article{2-s2.0-84881083085,
title = {Thorax morphology of selected species of the genus Cacopsylla (Hemiptera, Psylloidea)},
author = { J. Drohojowska and M. Kalandyk-Kołodziejczyk and E. Simon},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84881083085&doi=10.3897%2fzookeys.319.4218&partnerID=40&md5=76777f4eed95cb2d4036a128820b47f3},
doi = {10.3897/zookeys.319.4218},
issn = {13132989},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-01-01},
journal = {ZooKeys},
volume = {319},
pages = {27-35},
abstract = {The paper concerns with characteristics of a thorax morphological structure Cacopsylla Ossiannilsson, 1970 species, referring to an analysis of five species classified in the past in three subgenera. The structure of the sternites, tergites and pleurites of all the parts of the thorax was studied by a scanning microscope. Descriptions of particular elements building up thorax plates, their shape, size and links as well as a course of all the clefts and sulcus are provided. The study of thorax morphology of Cacopsylla species suggests that the thorax morphology is relatively homogenous within a genus. © Jowita Drohojowska et al.},
note = {4},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The paper concerns with characteristics of a thorax morphological structure Cacopsylla Ossiannilsson, 1970 species, referring to an analysis of five species classified in the past in three subgenera. The structure of the sternites, tergites and pleurites of all the parts of the thorax was studied by a scanning microscope. Descriptions of particular elements building up thorax plates, their shape, size and links as well as a course of all the clefts and sulcus are provided. The study of thorax morphology of Cacopsylla species suggests that the thorax morphology is relatively homogenous within a genus. © Jowita Drohojowska et al.
Szklarzewicz, T.; Kalandyk-Kołodziejczyk, M.; Kot, M.; Michalik, A.
In: Acta Zoologica, vol. 94, no. 2, pp. 184-192, 2013, ISSN: 00017272, (22).
@article{2-s2.0-84874769770,
title = {Ovary structure and transovarial transmission of endosymbiotic microorganisms in Marchalina hellenica (Insecta, Hemiptera, Coccomorpha: Marchalinidae)},
author = { T. Szklarzewicz and M. Kalandyk-Kołodziejczyk and M. Kot and A. Michalik},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84874769770&doi=10.1111%2fj.1463-6395.2011.00538.x&partnerID=40&md5=062f92494fa156df64ce96774453f1ce},
doi = {10.1111/j.1463-6395.2011.00538.x},
issn = {00017272},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-01-01},
journal = {Acta Zoologica},
volume = {94},
number = {2},
pages = {184-192},
abstract = {Szklarzewicz, T., Kalandyk-Kolodziejczyk, M., Kot, M. and Michalik, A. 2011. Ovary structure and transovarial transmission of endosymbiotic microorganisms in Marchalina hellenica (Insecta; Hemiptera; Coccomorpha: Marchalinidae). -Acta Zoologica (Stockholm) 00:1-9. The paired ovaries of Marchalina hellenica are composed of about 200 ovarioles of telotrophic type. In each ovariole, a trophic chamber, vitellarium and ovariolar stalk can be distinguished. The tropharia comprise trophocytes and early previtellogenic oocytes (termed arrested oocytes) or trophocytes only. The arrested oocytes are not capable of further development. In the vitellaria, single oocytes develop that are connected to the tropharium by means of broad nutritive cords. The number of germ cells (trophocytes and oocytes) constituting ovarioles is not constant and may range between 25 and 32. Numerous endosymbiotic bacteria occur in the cytoplasm of trophocytes. The endosymbionts are transported via nutritive cords to the developing oocyte. The obtained results are discussed in a phylogenetic context. © 2011 The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.},
note = {22},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Szklarzewicz, T., Kalandyk-Kolodziejczyk, M., Kot, M. and Michalik, A. 2011. Ovary structure and transovarial transmission of endosymbiotic microorganisms in Marchalina hellenica (Insecta; Hemiptera; Coccomorpha: Marchalinidae). -Acta Zoologica (Stockholm) 00:1-9. The paired ovaries of Marchalina hellenica are composed of about 200 ovarioles of telotrophic type. In each ovariole, a trophic chamber, vitellarium and ovariolar stalk can be distinguished. The tropharia comprise trophocytes and early previtellogenic oocytes (termed arrested oocytes) or trophocytes only. The arrested oocytes are not capable of further development. In the vitellaria, single oocytes develop that are connected to the tropharium by means of broad nutritive cords. The number of germ cells (trophocytes and oocytes) constituting ovarioles is not constant and may range between 25 and 32. Numerous endosymbiotic bacteria occur in the cytoplasm of trophocytes. The endosymbionts are transported via nutritive cords to the developing oocyte. The obtained results are discussed in a phylogenetic context. © 2011 The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.
Michalik, A.; Kalandyk-Kołodziejczyk, M.; Simon, E.; Kobiałka, M.; Szklarzewicz, T.
Ovaries of Puto superbus and Ceroputo pilosellae (Hemiptera: Coccoidea): Morphology, ultrastructure, phylogenetic and taxonomic implications Journal Article
In: European Journal of Entomology, vol. 110, no. 3, pp. 527-534, 2013, ISSN: 12105759, (5).
@article{2-s2.0-84880140624,
title = {Ovaries of Puto superbus and Ceroputo pilosellae (Hemiptera: Coccoidea): Morphology, ultrastructure, phylogenetic and taxonomic implications},
author = { A. Michalik and M. Kalandyk-Kołodziejczyk and E. Simon and M. Kobiałka and T. Szklarzewicz},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84880140624&doi=10.14411%2feje.2013.070&partnerID=40&md5=a31830c451a6fdcd40ba0199e1a5a4ae},
doi = {10.14411/eje.2013.070},
issn = {12105759},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-01-01},
journal = {European Journal of Entomology},
volume = {110},
number = {3},
pages = {527-534},
publisher = {Czech Academy of Sciences},
abstract = {Ovaries of Puto superbus and Ceroputo pilosellae are composed of numerous short telotrophic ovarioles that are arranged around the distal part of the lateral oviduct. An individual ovariole consists of a distal trophic chamber (= tropharium) and proximal vitellarium. The tropharia enclose individual trophocytes (= nurse cells) and early previtellogenic oocytes termed arrested oocytes. A single oocyte develops in each vitellarium. Analysis of serial sections has shown that ovarioles of P. superbus contain from 16 to 51 germ cells (13-43 trophocytes; 2-7 arrested oocytes; 1 developing oocyte) while those of C. pilosellae from only 8 to 10 germ cells (5-7 trophocytes; 0-2 arrested oocytes; 1 developing oocyte). The classification and phylogeny of scale insects are discussed taking into consideration the results of this study.},
note = {5},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Ovaries of Puto superbus and Ceroputo pilosellae are composed of numerous short telotrophic ovarioles that are arranged around the distal part of the lateral oviduct. An individual ovariole consists of a distal trophic chamber (= tropharium) and proximal vitellarium. The tropharia enclose individual trophocytes (= nurse cells) and early previtellogenic oocytes termed arrested oocytes. A single oocyte develops in each vitellarium. Analysis of serial sections has shown that ovarioles of P. superbus contain from 16 to 51 germ cells (13-43 trophocytes; 2-7 arrested oocytes; 1 developing oocyte) while those of C. pilosellae from only 8 to 10 germ cells (5-7 trophocytes; 0-2 arrested oocytes; 1 developing oocyte). The classification and phylogeny of scale insects are discussed taking into consideration the results of this study.