@article{2-s2.0-85180363492,

title = {Adaptation by death? Cell death-based tolerance to cadmium in 150-generation exposure of Spodoptera exiqua Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)},

author = { A. Babczyńska and M.M. Rost-Roszkowska and A. Kafel and B. Łozowski and M. Augustyniak and M. Tarnawska},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85180363492&doi=10.1093%2fee%2fnvad077&partnerID=40&md5=65b08164a16d96d7682214b4d1536977},

doi = {10.1093/ee/nvad077},

issn = {0046225X},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Environmental Entomology},

volume = {52},

number = {6},

pages = {1057-1070},

publisher = {Entomological Society of America},

abstract = {Mechanisms, including autophagy and apoptosis, which serve to regulate and ensure proper organism functions under optimal conditions, play additional defensive roles under environmental pressure.The aim of this study was to test the following hypotheses: (i) elevated autophagy and apoptosis intensity levels, as defensive processes in response to contact with cadmium, are maintained for a limited number of generations and (ii) the number of generations after which levels of cell death processes reach the reference level depends on selective pressure. Cell death processes were assessed by light and transmission electron microscopy, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling(TUNEL), and cytometric analyses. Model insects (Spodoptera exiqua; Hübner; 1808) were orally exposed to various concentrations of cadmium for 18 generations and compared with reference strains exposed to cadmium or not (control) for over 150 generations. Elevated programmed cell death intensity levels decreased after several generations, indicating tolerance of individuals to cadmium in the diet and verifying the first hypothesis; however, testing the second hypothesis indicated that the number of generations depended not only on pressure intensity, but also on cell death type, since levels of autophagy remained increased for a minimum of 12 generations. © The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85164355155,

title = {Joint cadmium and polypropylene microparticle action in cadmium tolerant model insect},

author = { A. Babczyńska and Mi. Górka and A. Lis and M. Tarnawska and B. Łozowski and J. Brożek and K. Rozpędek and M. Augustyniak and M. Skowronek and A. Kafel},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85164355155&doi=10.1016%2fj.etap.2023.104209&partnerID=40&md5=fd1f5028f306c019e8d9e70db430f033},

doi = {10.1016/j.etap.2023.104209},

issn = {13826689},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology},

volume = {101},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {Microplastic enlisted as a contaminant of emerging concerns in polluted environments interact with “traditional” contaminants such as metals, causing, among others, their increased accumulation in the body. Harmful effects depend on the exposed animals' possible preadaptation and/or cross-tolerance. The project aimed to assess the role of this phenomenon in the limited toxicity of polypropylene fibers (PPf) in 0%, 0.02%, 0.06, 0.18%, 0.54%, and 1.6% of Cd-supplemented food of larvae of Spodoptera exigua multigenerationally selected to cadmium tolerance. The activity of 20 digestive enzymes (API-ZYM test), defensins, and heat shock proteins, HSP70 levels in the exposed groups were used as biomarkers. PPfs caused the increase of Cd accumulation in the body, while intake of polypropylene microfibers did not change the biomarker levels. Moreover, multigenerational Cd pre-exposure, due to increased tolerance of Cd and, possibly, cross-tolerance, prepares the insects for an additional stressor (PPf) alone and in interaction with cadmium. © 2023 Elsevier B.V.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85133616898,

title = {Level of oxidative stress for the land snail Cepaea nemoralis from aged and bioremediated soil contaminated with petroleum products},

author = { E. Szulińska and D. Zakrzewski and A. Kafel and J. Gospodarek and K. Rozpędek and A. Zawisza-Raszka},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85133616898&doi=10.1007%2fs11356-022-21854-y&partnerID=40&md5=e2d4edea792d6759cec9a3e9cc3cc979},

doi = {10.1007/s11356-022-21854-y},

issn = {09441344},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Environmental Science and Pollution Research},

volume = {29},

number = {58},

pages = {87218-87230},

publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH},

abstract = {Here, we investigated whether the widely distributed snail Cepaea nemoralis could be used as a suitable sentinel animal for assessing the effects of soil contaminants—petroleum oil derivatives—after years of soil ageing and treatment with a bacterial formulation. Oxidative stress was assessed in the foot and hepatopancreas of C. nemoralis L. exposed to soil contaminated with unleaded petrol, spent engine oil or diesel oil and bioremediated with a bacterial formulation (soil was used 2 years after contamination and bioremediation process). We measured total antioxidant capacity, catalase and glutathione transferase activity and concentrations of superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide and protein carbonyls in the foot and hepatopancreas of snails after 2 and 4 weeks of treatment. The studied antioxidant responses appeared largely to be tissue and remediation process specific, while the concentrations of superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide and protein carbonyls depended on time of exposure, tissue type and the type of contaminants, but mostly not on the remediation process. Generally, changes in the concentrations of superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide and protein carbonyls in the hepatopancreas of snails seemed to be a suitable measure to assess the risk of animals exposed to soil contaminated with petroleum substances and used after many years of ageing and treatment with a microbial formulation. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.},

note = {1},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85141819052,

title = {Porcellio scaber Latr. and Lumbricus terrestris L.—PAHs Content and Remediation of Long-Term Aging Soil Contamination with Petroleum Products during a Single- and Two-Species Experiment},

author = { J. Gospodarek and P. Petryszak and A. Kafel and I. Paśmionka},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85141819052&doi=10.3390%2fen15217835&partnerID=40&md5=420b8780cbc359c250340daf8f3ab0f5},

doi = {10.3390/en15217835},

issn = {19961073},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Energies},

volume = {15},

number = {21},

publisher = {MDPI},

abstract = {The presence of earthworms in soil contaminated with petroleum products (PPs) increase the rate of decomposition. The use of more than one animal species simultaneously in soil remediation could accelerate the process. However, the effects may be different when long-term aging soil contamination exists during which toxic by-products can be formed. This study evaluated the effect of soil contamination with PPs (petrol; diesel fuel; and used engine oil) carried out 12 and 24 months earlier on the life parameters of Lumbricus terrestris L. during single- and dual-species breeding with Porcellio scaber Latr. The changes in the content of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) in the soil were also measured, as were the levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) accumulation in the bodies of the test animals. Survival of earthworms cultivated separately (single-species experiment) in soil contaminated with diesel fuel 12 months earlier significantly decreased, while body mass gain was not significantly changed under the influence of tested PPs. Breeding of L. terrestris together with P. scaber contributed to significant mortality of earthworms regardless of treatments, while woodlice showed much greater resistance to PPs. Occurrence of both animals in soil contaminated with engine oil 24 months earlier resulted in a significant reduction in TPH after 4 weeks (by 29% compared to the initial soil). The content of PAHs in the tissues of L. terrestris was higher than in P. scaber, and the highest amounts of PAHs were found when earthworms were exposed to engine oil. Use of L. terrestris together with P. scaber can be considered a promising scenario for increasing the effectiveness of remediation of soils contaminated with petroleum products, however, further research is needed to establish conditions preventing excessive mortality of earthworms in such a layout. © 2022 by the authors.},

note = {1},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85139102911,

title = {Starvation and cadmium affect energy reserves and oxidative stress in individuals of Spodoptera exigua},

author = { A. Pompka and E. Szulińska and A. Kafel},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85139102911&doi=10.1007%2fs10646-022-02588-6&partnerID=40&md5=f65db545b650f7c318e80fa09fa4d176},

doi = {10.1007/s10646-022-02588-6},

issn = {09639292},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Ecotoxicology},

volume = {31},

number = {9},

pages = {1346-1355},

publisher = {Springer},

abstract = {Different factors, such as starvation and metal exposure, may affect development and cause oxidative stress in insects. Some host plants may contain a high concentration of cadmium due to their hyperaccumulating property. The negative effects of metals and hunger may be manifested by low availability of energetic substrates. This study aimed to assess whether the insect population with a history of long metal exposure may better manage metal stress or/and starvation at different developmental stages, with the use of energetic substrates. Two strains of Spodoptera exigua model organism were tested: control strain and cadmium strain (treated continuously for over 200 generations with subtoxic amounts of cadmium). The effects of different factors, individually and in combination, on the tested strains were assessed, first by determining the body weight of larvae and pupae and then by estimating the concentration of biomolecules (proteins; carbohydrates; lipids; or glycogen) in the 4th and 5th larval stages and in pupae, and the total antioxidant capacity and lipid peroxidation level in the 4th larval stage. Compared to control strain, cadmium strain individuals exhibited changes in the concentration of soluble carbohydrates and protein. This was partly related to earlier 1-day starvation. In particular, changes in carbohydrate concentration seemed to be a sensitive biomarker of metal stress, independent of the age of individuals and period of starvation. However, the increase in the total antioxidant capacity and the concentration of lipid peroxidation products in the 4th larval stage under the effect of cadmium was dependent on strain origin. © 2022, The Author(s).},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85137323351,

title = {Cardioprotective Effect of Acetylsalicylic Acid in the Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Model on Oxidative Stress Markers Levels in Heart Muscle and Serum},

author = { P. Frydrychowski and M. Michałek and I. Bil‑Lula and E. Chełmecka and A. Kafel and A. Noszczyk-Nowak and D. Stygar},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85137323351&doi=10.3390%2fantiox11081432&partnerID=40&md5=02d3ca4e021849d8a5777babdde7b9c1},

doi = {10.3390/antiox11081432},

issn = {20763921},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Antioxidants},

volume = {11},

number = {8},

publisher = {MDPI},

abstract = {Heart failure occurs in increased oxidative stress conditions, which contribute to the progression of pathological changes. Orally or intravenously administered acetylsalicylic acid (ASA; aspirin) is typically used in human patients with acute myocardial ischemia. The study used an experimental porcine ischemia-reperfusion model to evaluate the potential cardioprotective effect of intracoronary administered ASA on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. The cardioprotective effect of ASA was evaluated by measuring selected oxidative stress markers levels in infarcted and non-infarcted myocardium 14 days after the procedure, and three times in serum, before the procedure, during the reperfusion process, and after 14-day recovery. The results showed that intracoronary administrated ASA reduced the oxidative stress. The level of oxidative stress, measured with the non-enzymatic markers total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total oxidative status (TOS), and malondialdehyde (MDA), and the enzymatic markers glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), and glutathione S-transferase (GST), in heart tissue was significantly higher in a control group injected with saline. The level of oxidative stress in serum, measured with TAC, TOS, oxidative stress index (OSI), and lipofuscin (LF), was also higher in the control group than in animals injected with ASA. The confirmed cardioprotective effect of intracoronary administered ASA provides the foundation for further studies on ASA intracoronary application, which may lead to the development of a new therapy for the treatment of ischemia-reperfusion complications in humans. © 2022 by the authors.},

note = {4},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85094658481,

title = {Set of stress biomarkers as a practical tool in the assessment of multistress effect using honeybees from urban and rural areas as a model organism: a pilot study},

author = { Ł. Nicewicz and A.W. Nicewicz and A. Kafel and M. Nakonieczny},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85094658481&doi=10.1007%2fs11356-020-11338-2&partnerID=40&md5=30743a0ae7152df57463bbe5cd24fb23},

doi = {10.1007/s11356-020-11338-2},

issn = {09441344},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Environmental Science and Pollution Research},

volume = {28},

number = {8},

pages = {9084-9096},

publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH},

abstract = {A decrease among honey bee populations (Apis mellifera) in the traditional apiaries has been observed in recent years. In light of this negative phenomenon, urban beekeeping seems to be an appropriate alternative solution for the bee population in reducing the toxic effects of a large number of pesticides that are commonly used in agricultural ecosystems. Despite the rapid development of urban beekeeping, there is little information regarding the different aspects of the defense effectiveness of bees from the urban and rural areas. The study was aimed to show whether honey bees from these two locations differ in the level of the valuable biomarkers of stress exposure helpful in establishing which bees, from urban or rural areas, are under greater environmental pressure. For this purpose, foragers from an urban rooftop apiary and a traditional rural apiary were collected. The chosen biomarkers were measured in various tissues of bees. The activity of glutathione S-transferase and acetylcholinesterase, the level of total antioxidant capacity, heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70), and defensin were selected for the analyses. In our opinion, the Hsp70 and defensin levels seemed to be important in the indication of urban multistress factors. The higher level of heat shock proteins and defensins in tissues/organs of bees from the urban apiary—in the gut (an increase; respectively; 92% and 7.3%) and fat body (an increase; respectively; 130% and 7.8%), known as targets of environmental toxins, pointed out the urban environment as highly stressful at both the individual and colony levels. In turn, high total antioxidant capacity was measured in the guts of honey bees from rural area (an increase 107%). Such a situation suggests a different mechanism of defense and specificity of rural and urban environmental stressors and also honey bees foraging activity. © 2020, The Author(s).},

note = {2},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85091907971,

title = {Energy reserves, oxidative stress and development traits of Spodoptera exigua Hübner individuals from cadmium strain},

author = { A. Kafel and A. Babczyńska and A. Zawisza-Raszka and M. Tarnawska and A. Płachetka-Bożek and M. Augustyniak},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85091907971&doi=10.1016%2fj.envpol.2020.115366&partnerID=40&md5=db2b849cc1b11998281831996100c168},

doi = {10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115366},

issn = {02697491},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Environmental Pollution},

volume = {268},

publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},

abstract = {Cadmium as a common environmental stressor may exert highly toxic effects on herbivorous insects. The question was whether possible elevation of an oxidative stress and imbalance of energetic reserves in insects may depend on developmental stage, sex and insect population's multigenerational history of exposure to cadmium. So, the aim of this study was to compare of the development traits, total antioxidant capacity, lipid peroxidation, RSSR to RSH ratio and the concentration of carbohydrates, glycogen, lipids and proteins in whole individuals (larvae or pupae) of Spodoptera exigua originating from two strains: control and selected over 120 generations with sublethal metal concentration (44 Cd mg per dry weight of diet). Generally, the increase of the protein, carbohydrates, glycogen concentration and lipid peroxidation decrease with age of the larvae were found. Revealed cases of a higher mobilisation of carbohydrates and proteins, and changes in total antioxidant capacity or lipid peroxidation, in individuals being under metal exposure, occurred in strain-depended mode. Short-term Cd exposure effect was connected with possible higher engagement of proteins and glycogen in detoxification processes, but also higher concentration of lipid peroxidation. In turn, for long-term Cd exposure effect lower lipids concentration and higher thiols usage seemed to be more specific. © 2020The study shown differences in defence strategies, energetic substances cumulation with development stages between insect pest representatives from strains differed in tolerance to cadmium. © 2020},

note = {1},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85097069721,

title = {Autophagy: a necessary defense against extreme cadmium intoxication in a multigenerational 2D experiment},

author = { A. Babczyńska and A. Nowak and A. Kafel and B. Łozowski and M.M. Rost-Roszkowska and M. Tarnawska and M. Augustyniak and M.K. Sawadro and A.E. Molenda},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85097069721&doi=10.1038%2fs41598-020-78316-z&partnerID=40&md5=7ec842d0f44a16b6784907a0728b2823},

doi = {10.1038/s41598-020-78316-z},

issn = {20452322},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Scientific Reports},

volume = {10},

number = {1},

publisher = {Nature Research},

abstract = {Autophagy is a natural process that aims to eliminate malfunctioning cell parts, organelles or molecules under physiological conditions. It is also induced in response to infection, starvation or oxidative stress to provide energy in case of an energy deficit. The aim of this 2-dimensional study was to test if, and if so, how, this process depends on the concentration of cadmium in food (with Cd concentrations from 0 to 352 μg of Cd per g of food (dry weight)—D1 dimension) and the history of selection pressure (160 vs 20 generations of exposure to Cd—D2 dimension). For the study, the 5th instar larvae of a unique strain of the moth Spodoptera exigua that was selected for cadmium tolerance for 160 generations (44 μg of Cd per g of food (dry weight)), as well as 20-generation (11; 22 and 44 μg of Cd per g of food (dry weight)) and control strains, were used. Autophagy intensity was measured by means of flow cytometry and compared with life history parameters: survivability and duration of the 3rd larval stage. The highest values of autophagy markers were found in the groups exposed to the highest Cd concentration and corresponded (with a significant correlation coefficient) to an increased development duration or decreased survivorship in the respective groups. In conclusion, autophagy is probably initiated only if any other defense mechanisms, e.g., antioxidative mechanisms, are not efficient. Moreover, in individuals from pre-exposed populations, the intensity of autophagy is lower. © 2020, The Author(s).},

note = {2},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85088645994,

title = {DNA damage in Spodoptera exigua after multigenerational cadmium exposure - A trade-off between genome stability and adaptation},

author = { M. Augustyniak and M. Tarnawska and M. Dziewięcka and A. Kafel and M.M. Rost-Roszkowska and A. Babczyńska},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85088645994&doi=10.1016%2fj.scitotenv.2020.141048&partnerID=40&md5=8e46a0514984c19ad9d2fba14b49e9bf},

doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141048},

issn = {00489697},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Science of the Total Environment},

volume = {745},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {Human activity is a serious cause of extensive changes in the environment and a constant reason for the emergence of new stress factors. Thus, to survive and reproduce, organisms must constantly implement a program of adaptation to continuously changing conditions. The research presented here is focused on tracking slow changes occurring in Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) caused by multigenerational exposure to sub-lethal cadmium doses. The insects received food containing cadmium at concentrations of 5, 11, 22 and 44 μg per g of dry mass of food. The level of DNA stability was monitored by a comet assay in subsequent generations up to the 36th generation. In the first three generations, the level of DNA damage was high, especially in the groups receiving higher doses of cadmium in the diet. In the fourth generation, a significant reduction in the level of DNA damage was observed, which could indicate that the desired stability of the genome was achieved. Surprisingly, however, in subsequent generations, an alternating increase and decrease was found in DNA stability. The observed cycles of changing DNA stability were longer lasting in insects consuming food with a lower Cd content. Thus, a transient reduction in genome stability can be perceived as an opportunity to increase the number of genotypes that undergo selection. This phenomenon occurs faster if the severity of the stress factor is high but is low enough to allow the population to survive. © 2020 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {11},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85068259796,

title = {Protective role of zinc in Spodoptera exigua larvae under 135-generational cadmium exposure},

author = { M. Tarnawska and A. Babczyńska and K. Hassa and A. Kafel and A. Płachetka-Bożek and J. Augustyniak and M. Dziewięcka and B. Flasz and M. Augustyniak},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85068259796&doi=10.1016%2fj.chemosphere.2019.06.209&partnerID=40&md5=f08e57e4cdd129a976f96151aaf01fb5},

doi = {10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.06.209},

issn = {00456535},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Chemosphere},

volume = {235},

pages = {785-793},

publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},

abstract = {The aim of this study was to investigate whether zinc supplementation modulates cadmium toxicity in the beet armyworm Spodoptera exigua selected for 135 generations towards cadmium tolerance. To achieve this, larvae originating from three laboratory populations of S. exigua (control strain - C; cadmium-intoxicated for 135 generations strain - Cd; and control strain intoxicated with Cd for 1 generation - CCd) were additionally exposed to zinc in three concentrations (Zn1; 400 μg Zn·g−1 dry mass of food; Zn2; 200 μg Zn·g−1 dry mass of food; Zn3; 100 μg Zn·g−1 dry mass of food). As the markers of toxicity, a life history traits (the duration of L4 and L5 stages), cellular (DNA damage indices) and biochemical parameters (ADP/ATP ratio and ATP and HSP70 concentrations) were chosen. The duration of larval stages of Zn supplemented larvae was prolonged, while cellular and biochemical indicators, in general, appeared to be lower in comparison to the insects from respective reference groups in each laboratory populations. Moreover, the range of the differences depended on zinc concentration in food. We can suspect that zinc supplementation contributed to the protection of S. exigua individuals against negative effects of cadmium intoxication, probably at the cost of growth rate. Significant differences in the response pattern between insects from different laboratory populations indicate that the influence of additional stress factors is dependent on the overall condition of animals and their previous adaptation to other stressors. © 2019 Elsevier Ltd},

note = {4},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85064267438,

title = {Microevolution or wide tolerance? Level of stress proteins in the beet armyworm Spodoptera eqigua hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) exposed to cadmium for over 150 generations},

author = { M. Tarnawska and A. Kafel and M. Augustyniak and M.M. Rost-Roszkowska and A. Babczyńska},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85064267438&doi=10.1016%2fj.ecoenv.2019.04.017&partnerID=40&md5=5f3adb3246bf4dcbd5777ca3f52fe722},

doi = {10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.04.017},

issn = {01476513},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety},

volume = {178},

pages = {1-8},

publisher = {Academic Press},

abstract = {The aim of this study was to investigate whether the cadmium tolerance developed in the beet armyworm Spodoptera exigua selected for over 150 generations may be related to synthesis of the stress proteins metallothioneins (Mts) and 70 kDa heat shock proteins (HSP70). To achieve this, six S. exigua strains (control; k), 150-generation Cd exposure strain (cd), and four 18-generation Cd exposure strains differing in Cd concentration (cd44; cd22; cd11; cd5) were reared. Stress protein level was measured in the midgut of the 5th larval stage after 1–6, 12 and 18 generations. Cd contents was measured in the pupae. Unlike Cd concentration, which depended on metal contents in food but was not generation-dependent, the pattern of Mts and HSP70 concentrations changed in experimental strains from generation to generation. Stress protein levels in the insects exposed to the highest Cd concentration (the same as in the 150-generation Cd exposure strain), initially higher than in the control strain, after the 12th generation did not differ from the level measured in the control strains. It seems therefore that stress proteins play a protective role in insects of lower tolerance to cadmium. The tolerance developed during multigenerational exposure probably relies on mechanisms other than Mt and HSP70 synthesis. © 2019 Elsevier Inc.},

note = {12},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85053781876,

title = {Reproduction and development of Spodoptera exigua from cadmium and control strains under differentiated cadmium stress},

author = { A. Płachetka-Bożek and A. Kafel and M. Augustyniak},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85053781876&doi=10.1016%2fj.ecoenv.2018.09.016&partnerID=40&md5=714ca7792caf5b8727082b44352ae4a6},

doi = {10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.09.016},

issn = {01476513},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety},

volume = {166},

pages = {138-145},

publisher = {Academic Press},

abstract = {The growth and development of living organisms is programmed in genes, but exogenous factors (e.g. cadmium) may modulate endogenous information. Heavy metals may disturb physiological functions and accumulate in the tissues. The insects under prolonged heavy metal stress show some modifications in their metabolism management. The aim of this study was to compare the reproduction and development between individuals of S. exigua from the strain, exposed over 130 generations to sublethal concentration of cadmium (44 mg Cd/kg dry weight of larval diet), and the individuals from the control strain, both additionally exposed to different concentration of cadmium (22-704 mg Cd/kg dry weight of larval diet). The exposure to various cadmium concentrations in the diet revealed survival difference between the cadmium and the control animals at the larvae stage. The differences between adults were not evident. The telomere length (responsible for the duration of a lifespan) in the cadmium strain was shorter in the females than in the males and the individuals from the control strain. TERF1 gene expression (indirectly responsible for the telomere length) was higher in the individuals from the cadmium strain 24 hrs after eclosion. The significant reduction in the larvae body mass was observed in both strains, when the metal concentration was equal to or higher than 264 mg/kg dry weight of larval diet. The EC50 values (defined as of body mass loss), calculated 48 hours after cadmium exposure of individuals from control and cadmium strains, were respectively 632 and 725 mg Cd/kg dry weight of diet. However, some difference in reproduction (the total number of eggs laid and the oviposition time) between the strains appeared only in the groups fed on the uncontaminated diet. The control females laid almost two times more eggs than those from the cadmium strain, and the control ones had more than two times longer oviposition time than the females from the cadmium strain. The fluctuation was also noted in the size of eggs and the hatching success on the following days when both strains were compared, while the hatching success was higher for the insects from the cadmium strain. In conclusion, the insects from the cadmium strain are more resistant to cadmium contamination, as it is evidenced by the EC50 parameter. However, the females from the cadmium strain start laying eggs statistically later, have shorter telomeres and slightly reduced TERF1 gene expression, but hutching success in the strain is significantly higher when compared with the control individuals. © 2018 Elsevier Inc.},

note = {18},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85031894354,

title = {Cross tolerance in beet armyworm: long-term selection by cadmium broadens tolerance to other stressors},

author = { M. Augustyniak and M. Tarnawska and A. Babczyńska and A. Kafel and A. Zawisza-Raszka and B. Adamek and A. Płachetka-Bożek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85031894354&doi=10.1007%2fs10646-017-1865-5&partnerID=40&md5=17ff4c7a2acb645b6758e1bf3f98a15d},

doi = {10.1007/s10646-017-1865-5},

issn = {09639292},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Ecotoxicology},

volume = {26},

number = {10},

pages = {1408-1418},

publisher = {Springer New York LLC},

abstract = {Long lasting exposure of animals to stressing factor may lead to the selection of population able to cope with the stressor at lower cost than unexposed individuals. The aim of this study was to assess whether 130-generational selection of a beet armyworm to cadmium in food might have induced tolerance also to other stressors. The potential tolerance was assessed by means of unspecific stress markers: HSP70 concentration, DNA damage level, and energy budget indices in L5 larval instars of beet armyworm. The animals originated from Cd-exposed and control strains exposed additionally in a short-term experiment to high/low temperature or pesticide—spinosad. The application of the additional stressors caused, in general, an increase in the levels of studied parameters, in a strain-dependent manner. The most significant increase was found in HSP70 level in the individuals from the Cd-strain exposed to various spinosad concentration. Therefore, multigenerational contact with cadmium caused several changes that enable the insect to survive under a chronic stress, preparing the organism to the contact with an additional, new stressor. This relationship may be described as a sort of cross tolerance. This may, possibly, increase the probability of population survivorship and, at the same time, decrease the efficiency of pesticide-based plant protection efforts. © 2017, The Author(s).},

note = {11},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84999759002,

title = {Phenotypic plasticity, epigenetic or genetic modifications in relation to the duration of Cd-exposure within a microevolution time range in the beet armyworm},

author = { M. Augustyniak and A. Płachetka-Bożek and A. Kafel and A. Babczyńska and M. Tarnawska and A. Janiak and A. Loba and M. Dziewięcka and J. Karpeta-Kaczmarek and A. Zawisza-Raszka},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84999759002&doi=10.1371%2fjournal.pone.0167371&partnerID=40&md5=71387ac76e18d04e4111760b53546841},

doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0167371},

issn = {19326203},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {PLoS ONE},

volume = {11},

number = {12},

publisher = {Public Library of Science},

abstract = {In the case of the pests inhabiting metal polluted or fields where the use of pesticides is common, a natural selection of resistant individuals can occur. This may pose serious problems for humans, agriculture, as well as the economies of many countries. In this study, the hypothesis that multigenerational (120 generations) exposure to cadmium of a beet armyworm population could be a selecting factor toward a more efficient DNA protection was verified. The hemocytes of individuals from two culture strains (control and Cd-exposed) were treated with H2O2 (a DNA-damaging agent) or PBS (reference). The level of DNA damage was assessed using the Comet assay immediately and 5, 15 and 30 min. after the treatment. The immediate result of the contact with H2O2 was that the level of DNA damage in the hemocytes of the insects from both strains increased significantly. However, in the cells of the Cd-exposed individuals, the level of DNA damage decreased over time, while in the cells from the control insects it remained at the same level with no evidence of repair. These results suggest that efficient defense mechanisms may exist in the cells of insects that have prolonged contact with cadmium. Some evolutionary and trade-off aspects of the phenomenon are discussed. In a wider context, comparing the results obtained in the laboratory with field studies may be beneficial for understanding basic mechanisms of the resistance of an organism. To summarize, the high potential for the repair of DNA damage that was observed in the insects from the cadmium strain may confirm the hypothesis that multigenerational exposure to that metal may possibly contribute to the selection of insects that have a wider tolerance to oxidative stress. However, our investigations of polymorphism using AFLP did not reveal differences between the two main insect strains. © 2016 Augustyniak et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.},

note = {23},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84955683563,

title = {Different Heavy Metal Accumulation Strategies of Epilithic Lichens Colonising Artificial Post-Smelting Wastes},

author = { K. Rola and P. Osyczka and A. Kafel},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84955683563&doi=10.1007%2fs00244-015-0180-5&partnerID=40&md5=3cfc1784eb816f2dfacb0d7b0de35145},

doi = {10.1007/s00244-015-0180-5},

issn = {00904341},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology},

volume = {70},

number = {2},

pages = {418-428},

publisher = {Springer New York LLC},

abstract = {Lichens appear to be essential and effective colonisers of bare substrates including the extremely contaminated wastes of slag dumps. This study examines the metal accumulation capacity of epilithic lichens growing directly on the surface of artificial slag sinters. Four species representing different growth forms, i.e., crustose Candelariella aurella, Lecanora muralis, and Lecidea fuscoatra and fruticose Stereocaulon nanodes, were selected to evaluate the relationships between zinc, lead, cadmium, and nickel contents in their thalli and host substrates. Bioaccumulation factors of examined crustose lichens showed their propensity to hyperaccumulate heavy metals. Contrarily, concentrations of metals in fruticose thalli of S. nanodes were, as a rule, lower than in the corresponding substrates. This indicates that the growth form of thalli and degree of thallus adhesion to the substrate has a significant impact on metal concentrations in lichens colonising post-smelting wastes. Nonlinear regression models described by power functions show that at greater levels of Pb concentration in the substrate, the ability of C. aurella, L. muralis and L. fuscoatra to accumulate the metal experiences a relative decrease, whereas hyperbolic function describes a similar trend in relation to Ni content in S. nanodes. This phenomenon may be an important attribute of lichens that facilitates their colonisation of the surface of slag wastes. © 2015 The Author(s).},

note = {15},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84919872998,

title = {Oribatid mite communities on lichens in heavily contaminated post-smelting dumps},

author = { P. Skubała and K. Rola and P. Osyczka and A. Kafel},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84919872998&doi=10.1007%2fs00244-014-0066-y&partnerID=40&md5=8fa07547f79c31cd8e1f183fcfe98ba1},

doi = {10.1007/s00244-014-0066-y},

issn = {00904341},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-01-01},

journal = {Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology},

volume = {67},

number = {4},

pages = {578-592},

publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media, LLC},

abstract = {In this study, we examined oribatid fauna of strongly contaminated post-smelting dumps (southern Poland) that exist in the substrate and are associated with the most frequent lichen, Cladonia rei. Due to artificial origin of the substrate and the extremely high contamination with heavy metals, the studied dumps are unique in Europe in terms of unfavourable life conditions. In total, 2,936 specimens of Oribatida, representing 50 oribatid species, were sampled on 10 dumps and a reference site. Thalli of C. rei act as an island for soil oribatid mites on extremely contaminated post-smelting dumps. Both abundance and species richness of oribatid fauna collected from C. rei thalli were significantly greater than those recorded in the dump's substrate. The pool of oribatid species that was able to persist in extremely high doses of heavy metals was comparatively broad. However, only one species, Tectocepheus velatus, was able to achieve high abundances on all dumps. Three different responses of species (tolerant; sensitive; and indifferent) to heavy-metal contamination were recognised. Redundancy analysis indicated that highly increased levels of heavy metals, as well as K content, C/N ratio, and pH value, were the main factors that influence the composition and distribution of species. The concentrations of heavy metals (both essential elements (zinc) as well as xenobiotics (lead; cadmium) in T. velatus from the most contaminated dumps were not increased compared with those observed in moderately contaminated soils. © 2014 Springer Science+Business Media New York.},

note = {6},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84905158453,

title = {Coexistence of aphis fabae scop. predators on broad bean growing on soil pollution with heavy metals [Współwystępowanie drapieżców mszycy burakowej aphis fabae scop. na bobie w warunkach zanieczyszczenia gleby metalami ciężkimi]},

author = { J. Gospodarek and A. Kafel},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84905158453&doi=10.5601%2fjelem.2014.19.1.605&partnerID=40&md5=63047e8f3c5feb5c0f411d0e4d0a4733},

doi = {10.5601/jelem.2014.19.1.605},

issn = {16442296},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Elementology},

volume = {19},

number = {1},

pages = {95-108},

publisher = {Polish Society Magnesium Research},

abstract = {The investigations were conducted to determine the effect of soil contamination with heavy metals (cadmium; copper; nickel; lead and zinc) on the level corresponding to 3rd pollution degree in the IUNG classification on interactions between individual aphidophagous groups and their stages of development occurring in Aphis fabae Scop. colonies on broad beans. The following were analysed: the occurrence and number of individual stages of predator development (eggs; larvae; pupae and adult specimens). The Agrell's index of coexistence were computed from the achieved results. The values of the Agrell's index for broad bean were low for individual predator groups and their development stages. Among the investigated predator groups, the best mutual tolerance was observed for Syrphidae and Coccinellidae. Co-existence of individual aphidophagous groups seems to be strongly conditioned by food resources, i.e. aphid availability. Heavy metals, by affecting the host plant, modified the degree of its colonization by aphids and their number, hence changes in the incidence of predators. Thus, soil pollution with zinc and nickel contributed to limiting the extent of broad bean colonization by aphids and predators, and consequently to a decrease in the values of their coexistence indices; on the other hand, soil contamination with cadmium and lead favours plant colonization by aphids and predators and therefore the presence of individual aphidophagous groups was noted more frequently on the same plants.},

note = {4},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84895869162,

title = {The effects of cadmium or zinc multigenerational exposure on metal tolerance of Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)},

author = { A. Kafel and K. Rozpędek and E. Szulińska and A. Zawisza-Raszka and P. Migula},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84895869162&doi=10.1007%2fs11356-013-2409-z&partnerID=40&md5=6cab772a75d4c8278ab7dfd94b0558c2},

doi = {10.1007/s11356-013-2409-z},

issn = {09441344},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-01-01},

journal = {Environmental Science and Pollution Research},

volume = {21},

number = {6},

pages = {4705-4715},

publisher = {Ecomed Publishers},

abstract = {The effects of ten generational zinc or cadmium pre-exposure on metal tolerance among beet armyworm Spodoptera exigua individuals were compared. These effects were assessed in animals from the 11th generation, reared on a diet either uncontaminated or contaminated with metal (cadmium or zinc). The survival rate of larvae and the degree of metal accumulation (in larvae; pupae and moths; among larval organs: gut and fat body) were analysed. Catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione transferase activity in larval organs of individuals subjected to different metal treatments were also measured. Animals transferred from control rearing to metals (cadmium or zinc) in the 11th generation, as well as those from multigenerational zinc treatment, but not from multigenerational cadmium treatment, had a significantly lower survival rate than control animals. Insects from the groups with the high metal treatment had high bioaccumulation factors (above 3.7 and 2.3 following cadmium and zinc; respectively). Cadmium (but not zinc) pre-exposure had a significant effect on metal accumulation in larvae. Multigenerational metal pre-exposure seemed to have mainly a negative effect on glutathione transferase activity in the gut of larvae from the 11th generation, in the case of the individuals exposed to metal other than that used in pre-exposure treatment or kept in control conditions. However, in the case of zinc pre-exposure, such effect was only apparent when zinc was replaced by cadmium. The long-term effect of cadmium on catalase activity in larvae was found. © 2013 The Author(s).},

note = {35},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84873081848,

title = {Accumulation of heavy metals and antioxidant responses in Vicia faba plants grown on monometallic contaminated soil},

author = { A. Nadgórska-Socha and A. Kafel and M. Kandziora-Ciupa and J. Gospodarek and A. Zawisza-Raszka},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84873081848&doi=10.1007%2fs11356-012-1191-7&partnerID=40&md5=cefa722cf675bb1323263001c0003b2e},

doi = {10.1007/s11356-012-1191-7},

issn = {09441344},

year  = {2013},

date = {2013-01-01},

journal = {Environmental Science and Pollution Research},

volume = {20},

number = {2},

pages = {1124-1134},

publisher = {Springer Verlag},

abstract = {The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of soil contamination by selected metals (cadmium; copper; nickel; lead or zinc) on the antioxidant response of Vicia faba plants. The levels of the antioxidants: glutathione, proline, non-protein thiols, as well as guaiacol peroxidase and catalase activities were measured in the upperparts of plants. Additionally, the potential bioavailability of metals in the soil and their concentrations in V. faba plants were compared. Treatment with metal caused the problem of an elevation in its bioavailability in soil and its concentration in leaves and stems. The most serious problems seemed to be metal elevations in soil, especially Zn and Ni as well as in the aerial parts of V. faba plants. The antioxidant responses appeared to be metal specific. The elevation of guaiacol peroxidase activity in leaves and stems as well as the proline in leaves was the only more general reaction to metal exposure. Upon analysis of the effects of soil metal contamination on V. faba plants, we recommend the use of some measurements such as guaiacol peroxidase activity and proline level as useful tools in biological monitoring. © 2012 The Author(s).},

note = {84},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84857440067,

title = {The localisation of HSP70 and oxidative stress indices in heads of Spodoptera exigua larvae in a cadmium-exposed population},

author = { A. Kafel and A. Nowak and J. Bembenek and J. Szczygieł and M. Nakonieczny and R. Świergosz-Kowalewska},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84857440067&doi=10.1016%2fj.ecoenv.2011.10.024&partnerID=40&md5=3bc04f13cdef21578e60fc5462187bf1},

doi = {10.1016/j.ecoenv.2011.10.024},

issn = {01476513},

year  = {2012},

date = {2012-01-01},

journal = {Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety},

volume = {78},

pages = {22-27},

abstract = {The effects of cadmium toxicity may vary between animals with different history of metal exposure. The aim of our study was to examine HSP70, protein carbonyl levels, catalase activity and total antioxidant capacity in the heads of Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) larvae originated from undergoing 1- and 44-generational cadmium treatment and in control (those that were not exposed to cadmium). We also measured the cadmium concentration and DNA damage level in the larvae.We observed higher level of heat shock proteins (HSPs) in the heads of larvae derived from multi-generational metal treatment than in the heads of those from one-generational treatment (derived from the control rearing). Analysis of HSP localisation in the larval brain suggests that these changes could be important for protecting the neural function of larval mushroom bodies for animals selected during multigenerational metal exposure. Animals from one-generational treatment had, in turn, higher total antioxidant capacity than animals from multigenerational treatment. Anyway, animals from one- and 44-generational metal treatments did not differ in metal accumulation in the heads and the whole larval bodies, catalase activity or DNA damage level. All these measurements were higher than for control larvae and cadmium accumulation in the heads was much lower than in the whole bodies. © 2011 .},

note = {32},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-80755169293,

title = {Effects of multigenerational cadmium exposure of insects (Spodoptera exigua larvae) on anti-oxidant response in haemolymph and developmental parameters},

author = { A. Kafel and A. Zawisza-Raszka and E. Szulińska},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80755169293&doi=10.1016%2fj.envpol.2011.09.034&partnerID=40&md5=b29311363a86333d86159b6d45a44a7e},

doi = {10.1016/j.envpol.2011.09.034},

issn = {02697491},

year  = {2012},

date = {2012-01-01},

journal = {Environmental Pollution},

volume = {162},

pages = {8-14},

abstract = {Biochemical and organismal indices of metal tolerance were studied in Spodoptera exigua exposed to a cadmium-contaminated diet for one or many (33 or 61) generations. Reduced and oxidised glutathione, protein thiols, total anti-oxidant capacity level, glutathione transferase activity, and Cd accumulation were assayed in the haemolymph of the last instar larvae. The cadmium concentration in the whole larval body as well as larval survival, larval duration time and last instar body weight were also measured. Elevated cadmium concentration in the whole body, higher mortality and longer duration of the larval stage in one-generation exposed insects in comparison with those exposed for many generations suggest that metal tolerance builds over time. For the larvae from multigeneration metal treatment, the higher cadmium concentration in larval haemolymph positively correlated with glutathione oxidation and total anti-oxidant capacity. One-generation exposed insects had lower metal concentration in haemolymph than did 33-generation exposed insects. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},

note = {48},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-73149106985,

title = {The effects of Aphis fabae infestation on the antioxidant response and heavy metal content in field grown Philadelphus coronarius plants},

author = { A. Kafel and A. Nadgórska-Socha and J. Gospodarek and A. Babczyńska and M. Skowronek and M. Kandziora-Ciupa and K. Rozpędek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-73149106985&doi=10.1016%2fj.scitotenv.2009.11.013&partnerID=40&md5=f6dbe3421fa1628ef0488ad2a02e3aa3},

doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.11.013},

issn = {00489697},

year  = {2010},

date = {2010-01-01},

journal = {Science of the Total Environment},

volume = {408},

number = {5},

pages = {1111-1119},

abstract = {The purpose of this study was to explore a possible relationship between the soil availability of metals and their concentrations in various parts of Philadelphus coronarius plants. Moreover, the possible impact of an aphid infestation on the contamination and antioxidant response of plants from the urban environment of Kraków and the reference rural area of Zagaje Stradowskie (southern Poland) was analyzed. The contents of the glutathione, proline, non-protein - SH groups, antioxidants, and phosphorous and the levels of guaiacol peroxidase and catalase activity in leaves and shoots either infested or not by the aphid Aphis fabae Scop., were measured. The potential bioavailability of metals (Cd; Cu; Ni; Pb; Zn) in the soil and their concentrations in P. coronarius plants originating from both sites were compared. The antioxidant responses were generally elevated in the plants in the polluted area. Such reactions were additionally changed by aphid infestation. Generally, the concentrations of metals in the HNO3 and CaCl2 extractants of the soils from two layers at the 0-20 and 20-40 cm depths from the polluted area were higher than in those from the reference area. Such differences were found for nickel and lead (in all examined extractants), zinc (in soil extractants from the layer at 20-40 cm) and cadmium (in HNO3 extractants). Significant positive relationships between the lead concentrations in the soil and in the plants were found. In the parts of plants from the polluted area, higher concentrations of Pb and Zn (leaves and shoots) and Cd (shoots) were recorded. The shoots and leaves of plants infested with aphids had higher concentrations of Zn but lower Pb. Moreover, their leaves had higher contaminations of Cu and Ni. In conclusion, aphids affected not only the antioxidant response of the plants but also their contamination with metals, especially contamination of the leaves. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},

note = {41},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-33748202049,

title = {Glutathione levels and enzyme activity in the tissues of bank vole Clethrionomys glareolus chronically exposed to a mixture of metal contaminants},

author = { R. Świergosz-Kowalewska and A. Bednarska and A. Kafel},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33748202049&doi=10.1016%2fj.chemosphere.2006.03.040&partnerID=40&md5=89c919315bc2011e2a1894888a89e775},

doi = {10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.03.040},

issn = {00456535},

year  = {2006},

date = {2006-01-01},

journal = {Chemosphere},

volume = {65},

number = {6},

pages = {963-974},

publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},

abstract = {The biochemical response to chronic heavy metal exposure was studied in tissues of bank voles Clethrionomys glareolus. Animals were collected from three sites located 4, 8 and 30 km from a zinc-lead smelter, the area's main source of metal contamination. Concentrations of Cd, Pb, Zn and Fe were measured in the liver, kidneys and gonads to assess the level of metal intoxication. In response to intoxication, organisms activate detoxification mechanisms which can protect animals from metals' toxicity. Glutathione plays an important role in toxic substance detoxification. Total glutathione (tGSH) and glutathione disulfide (GSSG) were measured in the tissues. Also, the activity of glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) was measured in the studied tissues. Results indicate that levels of all studied parameters were tissue and site-dependent. Evidence indicates that the most sensitive parameter of metal toxicity for animals living in a chronically contaminated environment is the GSH/GSSG ratio. In our study, the GSH/GSSG ratio was decreased in the liver of animals with high Cd levels. However, the relationship between Pb and the GSH/GSSG ratio was positive in the gonads. Cadmium and lead negatively influenced GPX activity in the liver; this was probably connected with inhibition of the Se-dependent fraction. The relationship between iron and GR activity in the kidney was also negative, but other correlations for iron both in liver and kidney were not significant. Positive correlations between Zn levels and GST and GR activity were found in the gonads of bank voles. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},

note = {46},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-27744505338,

title = {Joint effects of dimethoate and heavy metals on metabolic responses in a grasshopper (Chorthippus brunneus) from a heavy metals pollution gradient},

author = { M. Augustyniak and A. Babczyńska and P. Migula and G. Wilczek and P. Łaszczyca and A. Kafel and M.G. Augustyniak},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-27744505338&doi=10.1016%2fj.cbpc.2005.09.007&partnerID=40&md5=1761544f1ffb0849417b3d03dcae3174},

doi = {10.1016/j.cbpc.2005.09.007},

issn = {15320456},

year  = {2005},

date = {2005-01-01},

journal = {Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology - C Toxicology and Pharmacology},

volume = {141},

number = {4},

pages = {412-419},

publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},

abstract = {We studied how an exposure to an additional stressing factor-dimethoate, might affect detoxifying ability of grasshoppers collected at 5 meadow sites located along a heavy metal pollution gradient. Activities of esterases and enzymes linked with glutathione (GSH) metabolism were assayed 24 h after topical treatment with 0.32 μg dimethoate per insect. Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) reaches nearly 50% of the value stated in untreated insects, without significant site-dependent differences. The pesticide also caused a significant decrease in activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) followed by a decrease in GSH levels in grasshoppers from all assayed groups, demonstrating high sensitivity of glutathione-dependent metabolism to the additional stressing factor. In the case of glutathione reductase (GR) and carboxylesterases (CarE) the fall of activity was shown especially in insects from less polluted meadows and the reference site. Glutathione reductase (GR) activity in individuals treated with dimethoate did not decrease only in insects from the most contaminated site I. This might suggest the trade-off mechanisms adapting grasshoppers to life in seriously polluted environments. © 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.},

note = {33},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-3242790804,

title = {Oribatid mite communities and metal bioaccumulation in oribatid species (Acari, Oribatida) along the heavy metal gradient in forest ecosystems},

author = { P. Skubała and A. Kafel},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-3242790804&doi=10.1016%2fj.envpol.2004.03.025&partnerID=40&md5=409dee8c1c96714c67ca9b83a913de7c},

doi = {10.1016/j.envpol.2004.03.025},

issn = {02697491},

year  = {2004},

date = {2004-01-01},

journal = {Environmental Pollution},

volume = {132},

number = {1},

pages = {51-60},

abstract = {The responses of oribatid communities to heavy metal contamination were studied. Concentration of cadmium, copper and zinc in nine oribatid species along a gradient of heavy metal pollution was measured. Oribatid mites were sampled seasonally during two years in five forests located at different distances from the zinc smelter in the Olkusz District, southern Poland. The most numerous and diverse oribatid communities were found in the forest with moderate concentrations of heavy metals. Analysis by atomic absorption spectrophotometry revealed large differences in metal body burdens among species. All studied oribatid species appeared to be accumulators of copper with Oppiella nova, Nothrus silvestris and Adoristes ovatus characterized by the highest bioaccumulation factors. Most species poorly accumulate cadmium and zinc. The accumulation of heavy metals in the body of oribatids was not strictly determined by their body size or the trophic level at which they operate. © 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},

note = {46},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-10044240191,

title = {Antioxidative defence enzymes in beetles from a metal pollution gradient},

author = { P. Migula and P. Łaszczyca and M. Augustyniak and G. Wilczek and K. Rozpędek and A. Kafel and M. Wołoszyn},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-10044240191&partnerID=40&md5=a309d39f85323f5fcc87cca33f05e9d3},

issn = {13356380},

year  = {2004},

date = {2004-01-01},

journal = {Biologia - Section Zoology},

volume = {59},

number = {5},

pages = {645-654},

abstract = {Oxidative stress in insects may result from an imbalance of oxidants and antioxidants under a significant impact of metals. We studied variation in antioxidant enzyme activity in four species of beetles representing carnivores, carrion eaters, omnivores and phytophages in response to heavy metal pollution. Insects were collected at five forest sites along a gradient of heavy metal pollution in southern Poland. Assayed activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione S-transferase (GST), Se-dependent (GPOX) and Se-independent (GSTP) glutathione peroxidases and catalase (CAT) correlated with metal pollution levels and body concentrations of metals (Pb; Zn; Cu; Cd). Antioxidative enzyme activity patterns were species-dependent and were correlated with the levels of metal pollution or the body loads of metals. Correlations were predominantly positive in the case of Pb and Cd, and both positive and negative in the case of Zn. The largest difference between species was in the GST activity of the carnivorous Pterostichus oblongopunctatus and the phytophagous Phyllobius betulae. Activity of GSH-dependent peroxidases and GR was low in most of the species studied. Beetles from metal-contaminated sites showed higher within-species variance of enzyme activity, probably due to their higher polymorphism of antioxidative enzymes.},

note = {51},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-2942670066,

title = {Profiles of enzymatic activity in earthworms from zinc, lead and cadmium polluted areas near Olkusz (Poland)},

author = { P. Łaszczyca and M. Augustyniak and A. Babczyńska and K. Bednarska and A. Kafel and P. Migula and G. Wilczek and I. Witas},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-2942670066&doi=10.1016%2fj.envint.2004.02.006&partnerID=40&md5=fb1bf084ee1cffc308a2059a62a4a95c},

doi = {10.1016/j.envint.2004.02.006},

issn = {01604120},

year  = {2004},

date = {2004-01-01},

journal = {Environment International},

volume = {30},

number = {7},

pages = {901-910},

publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},

abstract = {The aim of the study was to determine whether there are signs of adaptation of soil fauna to a gradient of heavy metal contamination. Earthworms Aporrectodea caliginosa, Lumbricus terrestris and Eisenia fetida were collected during the spring and summer of 2000 and 2001 from meadow sites situated between 2 and 32 km from the Bukowno-Olkusz complex of zinc-lead ore mines and smelters. The heavy metal content in the soil near smelters reaches 10,500 mg/kg (d.w.) for Zn, 2600 mg/kg for Pb and 81.9 mg/kg for Cd. The sites differ with respect to species composition of earthworm community, with A. caliginosa being dominant. Complete data was obtained only for A. caliginosa, since other species were not abundant at all investigated sites during the whole period of investigation. The body burdens of Zn, Pb, Cd and Cu in A. caliginosa reached 1500, 100, 220 and 10 μg/g, respectively, in the vicinity of the smelter (2-4 km), and decreased to 400, 2, 36 and 6 μg/g at the most distant site (32 km). Cadmium and lead content was significantly elevated in the whole body of L. terrestris collected at the site 2.5 km distant from the smelters when compared to more distant sites, while in E. fetida only the body burden of cadmium was elevated at the nearest site compared to the next site of transect. Activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPX; EC 1.11.1.9) against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or cumene hydroperoxide (cumOOH), glutathione reductase (GR; EC 1.6.4.2), glutathione S-transferase (GST; EC 2.5.1.18) and catalase (CAT; EC 1.11.1.6) were assayed in postmitochondrial supernatant obtained from whole body homogenates. Seasonal and annual variations of enzyme activity were reflected by higher GPX activity in the late summer of 2001 in comparison with the spring and summer of 2000. This may reflect severe drought in the spring and summer of 2000. The activity of both GPX isozymes, GR and GST in A. caliginosa and L. terrestris increased with increasing distance from the smelters and reached maximum at sites III and IV (4 and 8 km from the smelters; respectively) and then it decreased in the animals from site V (32 km). These may be the effects of antagonism between the enzyme inducing and enzyme inhibiting action of smelter emissions, a phenomenon known as a hormetic effect. It is postulated here that this effect is of diagnostic value for metal pollution biomonitoring. © 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},

note = {113},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-0038691745,

title = {The respiration rate of the beet armyworm pupae (Spodoptera exigua) after multi-generation intoxication with cadmium and zinc},

author = { P. Kramarz and A. Kafel},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0038691745&doi=10.1016%2fS0269-7491%2803%2900183-0&partnerID=40&md5=49ec2482a4bf32449a34daea46484237},

doi = {10.1016/S0269-7491(03)00183-0},

issn = {02697491},

year  = {2003},

date = {2003-01-01},

journal = {Environmental Pollution},

volume = {126},

number = {1},

pages = {1-3},

publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},

abstract = {The beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua) were fed on artificial food contaminated with zinc (200 mg kg-1 dry mass) or cadmium (66 mg kg-1 dry mass) for 15 generations. In 15th generation, O2 output and CO2 production of pupae were measured. Exposure to cadmium did not cause any effects whilst exposure to zinc led to a significant increase in the respiration rate of pupae. The average respiratory quotient (RQ) did not differ between treatments (ca. 0.7). © 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},

note = {16},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-0037340581,

title = {Activity of glutathione S-transferase in Spodoptera exigua larvae exposed to cadmium and zinc in two subsequent generations},

author = { A. Kafel and K. Bednarska and M. Augustyniak and I. Witas and E. Szulińska},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0037340581&doi=10.1016%2fS0160-4120%2802%2900111-3&partnerID=40&md5=8082a67a14755b7f7ed59ab4571f1c33},

doi = {10.1016/S0160-4120(02)00111-3},

issn = {01604120},

year  = {2003},

date = {2003-01-01},

journal = {Environment International},

volume = {28},

number = {8},

pages = {683-686},

publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},

abstract = {The aim of our study was to establish changes in activity of important in detoxification enzyme - glutathione S-transferase (GST): in alimentary tract, fat body and Malpighian tubules of Spodoptera exigua larvae being under cadmium and zinc exposure through the first as well as the second generation. There was registered enhancement of the enzyme activity in the fat body and the Malpighian tubules caused by zinc as well as its decrease in the Malpighian tubules under cadmium action. Amounts of metals in the alimentary tract were either several times higher than in the diet ingested by larvae or than in the fat body. Metal concentration in the fat body correlated with the level of the enzyme activity (positive correlation for zinc and negative for cadmium). The effect of metal action differentiated dependently on time exposition. © 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.},

note = {23},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}