@article{2-s2.0-85178322346,

title = {57Fe Mössbauer Spectroscopy and X-ray Diffraction of Annealed Highly Metamict Perrierite: Activation Energy and Recrystallization Processes},

author = { D. Malczewski and A. Grabias and M. Dziurowicz and T. Krzykawski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85178322346&doi=10.3390%2fmin13111395&partnerID=40&md5=64240a6ebfc4e1e6d17bbb64667763b0},

doi = {10.3390/min13111395},

issn = {2075163X},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Minerals},

volume = {13},

number = {11},

publisher = {Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)},

abstract = {This paper presents the results of 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis of highly metamict perrierite (REE;Ca;Th)4(Fe2+;Mg)2(Ti;Fe3+)3Si4O22 after annealing in argon from 673 to 1273 K for one hour. Radioactive elements in metamict minerals damage crystal structure on geologic time scales primarily due to recoil nuclei from α-decay of 238U, 232Th, 235U, and their daughter products. Metamict minerals are widely used in geochronology and can serve as natural analogs for the study of radiation effects in high-level nuclear waste. Analyses were performed on fragments of a perrierite sample collected from granitoids near Amherst, Virginia (USA). Electron microprobe and gamma-ray spectrometry recorded Fe concentrations of 4.7 wt.% and Th and U concentrations of 0.64 and 0.06 wt.%, respectively. The calculated total absorbed α-dose was 7.8 × 1015 α-decay mg−1. The Mössbauer spectrum of the untreated sample can be fitted to two Fe2+ and two Fe3+ doublets in octahedral coordination with a relative ΣFe2+/ΣFe of 0.63. For samples annealed at 1173 K and 1273 K, spectra show a decrease in the total contribution of Fe2+ to 0.58 due to dehydroxylation associated with the simultaneous oxidation of post-metamict Fe2+ to Fe3+. In the examined perrierite, Fe2+ occurs in structural positions B and C(1). The broad, predominant Fe3+ doublet observed in the spectrum of the unannealed sample splits into two components at 973 K interpreted to represented positions C(1) and C(2) in the perrierite structure. The Mössbauer spectra show a prominent decrease in the width of the high-energy absorption peak representing Fe2+ components with increasing temperature. The variation in the width of this peak versus the annealing temperature seems to be an indicator of thermally induced recrystallization. Based on the exponential dependence of the derivative function of the parameter with the inverse temperature and using an Arrhenius plot, an activation energy (EA) of 0.73 eV was determined for thermally-induced recrystallization. Corresponding XRD data show progressive recrystallization with increasing annealing temperature. The XRD pattern of the fragment annealed at 1273 K indicates that highly metamict perrierite recrystallized to the pre-metamict state that can be indexed to the C2/m space group. © 2023 by the authors.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85162787256,

title = {Natural radioactivity in select metamorphic and sedimentary rocks of the Opava Mountains (Poland): A comparison between laboratory and in situ measurements of232 Th,238 U, and40 K activities},

author = { A. Moska and D. Malczewski and J. Żaba and M. Dziurowicz},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85162787256&doi=10.46544%2fAMS.v28i1.20&partnerID=40&md5=055d6534201540064fa4c2760136b52f},

doi = {10.46544/AMS.v28i1.20},

issn = {13351788},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Acta Montanistica Slovaca},

volume = {28},

number = {1},

pages = {250-262},

publisher = {Technical University of Kosice},

abstract = {This paper reports the natural radioactivities of eight characteristic rocks from the Opava Mountains region (Eastern Sudetes; Poland) as measured in the laboratory and under in situ field conditions. Activity concentrations for232 Th,238 U, and40 K were obtained using an HPGe gamma-ray spectrometry system. Activities for232 Th ranged from 2 to 39 Bq kg−1 as measured in the laboratory and from 5 to 38 Bq kg−1 measured under in situ field conditions. For238 U, the activity concentrations ranged from 4 to 37 Bq kg−1 in the laboratory and from 7 to 42 Bq kg−1 under in situ field conditions. For40 K, activity concentrations ranged from 12 to 820 Bq kg−1 in the laboratory and from 60 to 826 Bq kg−1 under in situ field conditions. Measured activity concentrations were compared with average activity concentrations of radionuclides in similar types of rocks from different global localities. The in situ field measurement and laboratory measurements did not show significant differences indicating that both methods provide reliable232 Th,238 U, and40K results for different lithologies. © 2023 by the authors.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85125539700,

title = {High concentrations of HgS, MeHg and toxic gas emissions in thermally affected waste dumps from hard coal mining in Poland},

author = { Á. Nádudvari and J. Cabała and L. Marynowski and M. Jabłońska and M. Dziurowicz and D. Malczewski and B. Kozielska and P. Siupka and Z. Piotrowska-Seget and B.R.T. Simoneit and M. Szczyrba},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85125539700&doi=10.1016%2fj.jhazmat.2022.128542&partnerID=40&md5=dc4d622cf940b6c3ae23b6a2bebc9f65},

doi = {10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128542},

issn = {03043894},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Hazardous Materials},

volume = {431},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {This study aims to provide numerous environmental research approaches to understand the formation of mineral and organic mercury compounds in self-heating coal waste dumps of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin (USCB). The results are combined with environmental and health risk assessments. The mineralogy comprised accessory minerals in the fine fraction of thermally affected waste, i.e., Hg sulfides, most likely cinnabar or metacinnabar. Moreover, other metals, e.g., Pb, Zn and Cu, were found as sulfide forms. Apart from Hg, the ICP-ES/MS data confirmed the high content of Mn, Zn, Pb, Hg, Cr and Ba in these wastes. The high concentration of available Hg resulted in elevated MeHg concentrations in the dumps. There were no correlations or trends between MeHg concentrations and elemental Hg, TS, TOC, and pH. Furthermore, we did not detect microbial genes responsible for Hg methylation. The organic compounds identified in waste and emitted gases, such as organic acids, or free methyl radicals, common in such burn environments, could be responsible for the formation of MeHg. The concentration levels of gases, e.g., benzene, formaldehyde, NH3, emitted by the vents, reached or surpassed acceptable levels numerous times. The potential ecological and human health risks of these dumps were moderate to very high due to the significant influence of the high Hg concentrations. © 2022 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {4},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85138803910,

title = {NATURAL RADIOACTIVITY IN SELECT SERPENTINITE-RELATED NEPHRITE SAMPLES: A COMPARISON WITH DOLOMITE-RELATED NEPHRITE},

author = { D. Malczewski and M. Sachanbiński and M. Dziurowicz},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85138803910&doi=10.5741%2fGEMS.58.2.196&partnerID=40&md5=bd774ac01d9a6c6adfeecf7701a1a5c5},

doi = {10.5741/GEMS.58.2.196},

issn = {0016626X},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Gems and Gemology},

volume = {58},

number = {2},

pages = {196-213},

publisher = {Gemological Institute of America (GIA)},

abstract = {The published literature offers only a few records of direct measurement of the natural radioactivity in nephrite. The present study used high-purity germanium (HPGe) low-background gamma-ray spectrometry to measure activity concentrations of primordial radionuclides in 11 serpentinite-related nephrite (ortho-nephrite) samples from deposits in Poland, Russia, Canada, and New Zealand, along with three samples of rodingite and serpentinite from a nephrite deposit in Nasławice, Poland. All nephrite samples exhibited very low 40K, 232Th, and 238U activity concentrations that fell within the range of published values for ultrabasic and basic rocks. The nephrite samples from Jordanów (Poland) gave the highest uranium and thorium activity concentration values. Two samples of plagiogranitic rodingite showed significantly higher 238U and 232Th activity concentrations than the values measured for nephrite. Nephrite thorium and uranium concentrations correlated strongly (r = 0.98), and the corresponding Th/U ratios appear unique according to geographical location. The mean estimated potassium, thorium, and uranium concentrations from ortho-nephrite analyzed here were compared with corresponding mean values previously reported for dolomite-related nephrite (para-nephrite). The comparison indicates that the ortho-nephrites studied have similar uranium concentrations but lower mean potassium concentrations and higher mean thorium concentrations than those reported for para-nephrite in the literature. © 2022 Gemological Institute of America.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85115198250,

title = {Natural radioactivity of rocks from the historic Jeroným Mine in the Czech Republic},

author = { D. Malczewski and M. Dziurowicz and Z. Kalab and M. Rösnerová},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85115198250&doi=10.1007%2fs12665-021-09944-5&partnerID=40&md5=bee0fed3a5d8e46b692d1c52993ea20b},

doi = {10.1007/s12665-021-09944-5},

issn = {18666280},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Environmental Earth Sciences},

volume = {80},

number = {18},

publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH},

abstract = {This study reports the natural radioactivity of characteristic rocks found in the historic Jeroným Mine of the Czech Republic as measured under the laboratory conditions. The rocks analyzed included granites and schists weathered to varying degrees and collected from different levels of the underground workings of the Jeroným Mine. The mine itself has been subject to metal extraction (mainly tin and tungsten) since the sixteenth century and has recently been developed as a cultural and scientific attraction open to the public. Activity concentrations of 40K, 232Th and 238U were measured from nine rock samples using gamma-ray spectrometry. The activity concentrations of 40K varied from 595 Bq kg−1 to 1244 Bq kg−1, while 232Th varied from 25 Bq kg−1 to 55 Bq kg−1. The activities associated with 238U ranged from 46 Bq kg−1 to 386 Bq kg−1. The measured activities were used to estimate two radiation hazard indices typically applied to building materials, the activity concentration index I and the external hazard index Hex. Mean respective values of 1.02 and 0.77 for I and Hex indicate that the rocks found in the Jeroným Mine meet radiological safety standards for building materials and do not pose a risk to potential tourists and staff. © 2021, The Author(s).},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85084762299,

title = {222Rn and 220Rn emanations from powdered samples of samarskite as a function of annealing temperature},

author = { D. Malczewski and M. Dziurowicz},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85084762299&doi=10.2138%2fam-2020-6988&partnerID=40&md5=085643ab3f2ad670ca23953681a36e99},

doi = {10.2138/am-2020-6988},

issn = {0003004X},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {American Mineralogist},

volume = {105},

number = {5},

pages = {708-715},

publisher = {De Gruyter Open Ltd},

abstract = {Emanation coefficients for radon (222Rn) and thoron (220Rn) were measured from fully metamict samarskite collected from Centennial Cone after 1 h and 24 h annealing in argon from 473 to 1373 K. For the 1 h annealing run, 222Rn emanation coefficients ranged from 5 × 10-6 to 2.1 × 10-5 %, while 220Rn coefficients varied from 6.3 × 10-3 to 2 × 10-2 %. For the 24 h annealing run, 222Rn coefficients ranged from 5.8 × 10-6 to 2.3 × 10-5 %, while 220Rn coefficients varied from 4.1 × 10-3 to 1.5 × 10-2 %. The 222Rn and 220Rn emanation coefficients vs. annealing temperature data can be described by an exponentially decreasing sinusoidal function. Both 222Rn and 220Rn emanation coefficient values after annealing considerably exceeded those measured from an unheated powder reference sample and from the original samarskite sample. © 2020 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston 2020.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85083340200,

title = {Activation energy of annealed, partially metamict davidite by57Fe mössbauer spectroscopy},

author = { D. Malczewski and A. Grabias and M. Dziurowicz},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85083340200&doi=10.3190%2fjgeosci.298&partnerID=40&md5=adf2abef0c6728d3707ec1a8fe84d1fe},

doi = {10.3190/jgeosci.298},

issn = {18026222},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Geosciences (Czech Republic)},

volume = {65},

number = {1},

pages = {37-44},

publisher = {Czech Geological Survey},

abstract = {This study used57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy to determine the activation energy for thermal recrystallization of partially metamict davidite [multiple oxide; (La;Ce;Ca;Th)(Y;U)(Ti;Fe3+)20O38]. Radioactive elements in metamict minerals damage crystal structure primarily due to recoil nuclei from α-decay of238U,232Th,235U, and their daughter products. Metamict minerals are widely used in geochronology and can serve as natural analogues for the study of radiation effects in high-level nuclear waste. Analysis was performed on fragments of a davidite sample collected from the Bektau-Ata alkaline granitoid massif (Kazakhstan). Electron-microprobe analysis showed that the sample may be classified as a davidite-(La) due to its La concentration of 3.14 wt. %, relatively low U of 0.88 wt. %, and Th of 0.25 wt. %. The calculated total absorbed α-dose was 8.1 × 1015 α-decay mg–1. The concentration of Fe was 15 wt. % (2.1 % Fe2+ and 12.9 % Fe3+).57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy was carried out on fragments of the davidite sample after one-hour annealing under an argon atmosphere from 673 to 1373 K. A Fe2+ component was observed up to 1173 K. Variation in the ratio of amplitudes for the main absorption peaks in the Mössbauer spectra vs. annealing temperature appeared to be a sensitive indicator of thermally-induced recrystallization. The activation energy},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85075088111,

title = {In situ gamma-ray measurements of40k,232th and238u in high-grade metamorphic rocks from the sowie mountains (Sudetes, SW Poland)},

author = { D. Malczewski and J. Żaba},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85075088111&doi=10.7306%2fgq.1483&partnerID=40&md5=1eabd61bf5f2c80ec410f80e5aa1d90e},

doi = {10.7306/gq.1483},

issn = {16417291},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Geological Quarterly},

volume = {63},

number = {3},

pages = {493-504},

publisher = {Polish Geological Institute},

abstract = {This paper reports on the abundance of primordial radionuclides (40K;232Th and238U) in characteristic lithologies from the Sowie Mountains (SW Poland). In situ gamma-ray measurements were conducted at 12 localities hosting exposed augen gneiss, flaser gneiss, granulite, homophanized gneiss, hornblendite, layered gneiss, layered migmatite, migmatic gneiss, mylonitic gneiss and mylonitic granulite. The activity concentration of40K varied from 180 Bq kg–1 (mylonitic granulite) to 845 Bq kg–1 (layered gneiss). The activity concentrations associated with228Ac (232Th) varied from 10 Bq kg–1 (mylonitic granulite) to 53 Bq kg–1 (homophanized gneiss), while activity associated with226Ra (238U) varied from 9 Bq kg–1 (mylonitic granulite) to 43 Bq kg–1 (layered gneiss). An augen gneiss adjacent to the Intra-Sudetic Fault showed the highest combined Th + U activity (89 Bq kg–1). The average Th/U ratio (3.6) calculated for gneiss outcrops of the Sowie Mountains falls within the range reported for biotite gneiss (3.5–4). Subsurface outcrops from the Walim–Rzeczka underground complex did not give noticeably higher238U activities. The results obtained for the Sowie lithologies are compared with those obtained by similar methods for similar rocks as reported in literature sources. © 2019, Polish Geological Institute. All rights reserved.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85055793451,

title = {Spectroscopic characterization and thermal recrystallization study of an unknown Metamict phase from Tuften quarry, southern Norway},

author = { D. Malczewski and M. Dziurowicz and T. Krzykawski and A. Grabias},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85055793451&doi=10.3749%2fcanmin.1800015&partnerID=40&md5=c9c0f7c24799e3a2150d50de2bb00284},

doi = {10.3749/canmin.1800015},

issn = {00084476},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Canadian Mineralogist},

volume = {56},

number = {4},

pages = {365-373},

publisher = {Mineralogical Association of Canada},

abstract = {This paper presents the results of 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy, SEM-EDS analysis, gamma-ray spectrometry, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns for an unknown metamict phase (UMP) from a syenite pegmatite at Tuften quarry, southern Norway. The sample exhibits232Th and238U activities of 137 and 2.6 Bq g-1, respectively, and a calculated total absorbed a-dose of 83 1015 a-decay mg-1. Its chemical composition falls generally between chevkinite-(Ce)-perrierite-(Ce) and allanite-(Ce)- ferriallanite-(Ce) mineral compositions. The Mössbauer spectrum of an untreated UMP sample can be fitted to two Fe2+ and Fe3+ quadrupole doublets assigned to octahedral coordination with a relative Fe2+/RFe ratio of 0.11. A sample of the UMP was also annealed in argon for one hour at 1273 K. Powder of the completely recrystallized sample was subjected to XRD analysis and indexed to the P121 space group with unit-cell dimensions of a 8.179 A , b 14.16 A , c 4.291 A , and β = 96.718. The corresponding Mössbauer spectrum is characterized by the presence of three quadrupole doublets also assigned to Fe2+ and Fe3+ in octahedral coordination with a relative Fe2+/RFe ratio of 0.15. One of the Fe3+ doublets shows extremely high quadrupole splitting of 2.60 mm s-1, implying extreme distortion of the coordination octahedra. © 2018 Mineralogical Association of Canada. All rights reserved.},

note = {2},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85055774475,

title = {222Rn and220Rn emanations from zircon crystals as a function of absorbed α-doses},

author = { D. Malczewski and M. Dziurowicz and T. Krzykawski and A. Stryjewski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85055774475&doi=10.3749%2fcanmin.1700089&partnerID=40&md5=c577824078595f3ded83c851d1787065},

doi = {10.3749/canmin.1700089},

issn = {00084476},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Canadian Mineralogist},

volume = {56},

number = {4},

pages = {451-462},

publisher = {Mineralogical Association of Canada},

abstract = {Zircon (ZrSiO4) contains small amounts of U and Th substituted for Zr in the crystal matrix. This can cause structural damage through progressive overlap of recoil nuclei collision cascading from α-decay of238U,232Th,235U, and their daughter products. Radioactivity can ultimately lead to metamictization and associated open-system behavior of parent-daughter radionuclides within the mineral. We measured222Rn and220Rn emanations, along with uranium and thorium concentrations, from 10 large zircon crystals of differing ages and from different global locations. The calculated total absorbed a-doses ranged from 1.631014 α-decay mg-1 (Seiland zircon) to 5.331015 α-decay mg-1 (Grass Lake zircon).222Rn emanation coefficients ranged from 10-4 % (Renfrew zircon) to 4310-2 % (Miask zircon), while220Rn emanation coefficients varied from 3310-4 % (Minas Gerais zircon) to 7 3 10-2 % (Miask zircon). Both222Rn and220Rn emanation coefficients observed in this study correlate strongly with the absorbed a-dose from the232Th decay series. Radon emanations, however, do not correlate with the total absorbed α-dose. © 2018 Mineralogical Association of Canada. All rights reserved.},

note = {2},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85042122357,

title = {Natural radioactivity in granites and gneisses of the Opava Mountains (Poland): a comparison between laboratory and in situ measurements},

author = { A. Dżaluk and D. Malczewski and J. Żaba and M. Dziurowicz},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85042122357&doi=10.1007%2fs10967-018-5726-3&partnerID=40&md5=0d872a25e4175f036f7d772a6241a515},

doi = {10.1007/s10967-018-5726-3},

issn = {02365731},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry},

volume = {316},

number = {1},

pages = {101-109},

publisher = {Springer Netherlands},

abstract = {The natural radioactivities of five characteristic igneous rocks of the eastern foreland of the Opava Mountains (Eastern Sudetes; Poland), obtained in the laboratory and under in situ conditions, are presented. The activity concentrations of 232Th, 238U, and 40K were measured using an HPGe gamma-ray spectrometry system. The ranges of the activity concentrations of 232Th were 7–71 Bq kg−1 in the laboratory and 6–68 Bq kg−1 for the in situ measurements. For 238U, the ranges of the activity concentrations were 5–52 Bq kg−1 in the laboratory and 9–48 Bq kg−1 for the in situ measurements, and for 40K, the ranges were 520–1560 Bq kg−1 in the laboratory and 537–1700 Bq kg−1 for the in situ measurements. These determined activity concentrations were compared with the average activity concentrations of the radionuclides in similar types of rocks and with data from the Sudetes available in the literature. No significant differences were found between the in situ and laboratory measurements. © 2018, The Author(s).},

note = {3},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85037718948,

title = {222Rn and 220Rn concentrations in selected soils developed on the igneous rocks of the kaczawa mountains (Sudetes, Poland)},

author = { M. Dziurowicz and D. Malczewski and J. Żaba},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85037718948&partnerID=40&md5=02f3f739500e9a3bef434fab9e4cadf8},

issn = {13351788},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Acta Montanistica Slovaca},

volume = {22},

number = {3},

pages = {238-245},

publisher = {Technical University of Kosice},

abstract = {This study presents the preliminary results of 222Rn (radon) and 220Rn (thoron) concentrations that were measured in the soils developed on igneous rocks including mafic (pillow lavas; basalts and melaphyre) and acid (keratophyre; rhyolite and rhyolitic tuff) rocks at ten locations in the Kaczawa Mountains (SW Poland). The measurements were carried out at sampling depths of 10, 40 and 80 cm using a RAD7 portable radon system. The highest concentrations of radon (222Rn) were mainly observed in the soils overlaying acid igneous rocks. The highest value of 11 kBq m-3 was obtained at a depth of 10 cm for soils overlaying melaphyre. At depths of 40 and 80 cm, the averages of 222Rn concentrations showed the same values of 3.6 kBq m-3 for all of the soils investigated. The highest concentrations of thoron (220Rn) were observed in soils overlaying acid igneous rocks, i.e. the value of 49 kBq m-3 at a depth of 40 cm for soils overlaying rhyolitic tuff. In the soils developed on basalts, the average concentrations of 222Rn increased with the sampling depth, whereas the average concentrations of thoron (220Rn) decreased with increasing sampling depth. Positive correlations were found between 232Th activity in the parent rocks and soil gas 220Rn concentrations at all of the sampling depths, whereas a positive correlation between soil gas 222Rn and the 238U activity concentration in the parent rocks was only found at a depth of 40 cm. © 2017, Technical University of Kosice. All rights reserved.},

note = {1},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85033364638,

title = {222Rn and 220Rn concentrations in soil gas of the Izera Massif (Sudetes, Poland) as a function of sampling depth},

author = { D. Malczewski and J. Żaba},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85033364638&doi=10.7306%2fgq.1377&partnerID=40&md5=6d53837e123c03f2ea072dc66caa9e61},

doi = {10.7306/gq.1377},

issn = {16417291},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Geological Quarterly},

volume = {61},

number = {4},

pages = {877-886},

publisher = {Polish Geological Institute},

abstract = {This research presents soil gas 222Rn and 220Rn concentrations measured at 17 locations in the Izera Massif of southwest Poland. The average 222Rn concentrations at sampling depths of 10, 40 and 80 cm were 8, 78 and 224 kBq m-3, respectively. The average 220Rn concentrations for the same depths (10; 40 and 80 cm) were 6, 10 and 13 kBq m-3, respectively. Profiles of the concentrations versus depth can be fitted by exponential, linear and polynomial functions for soils developed on fault zones, above uranium mineral deposits, and above faulted uranium deposits, respectively. Soils developed on bedrock without fault zones or uranium mineralisation exhibit concentrations that follow a power function with an exponent of p <1. © 2017, Polish Geological Institute. All rights reserved.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85023204050,

title = {Preliminary results of 57 Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy of metamict samarskite after one-hour high temperature annealing in argon},

author = { D. Malczewski and A. Grabias},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85023204050&doi=10.1515%2fnuka-2017-0020&partnerID=40&md5=a82519b836a3534d80f532f5a7fdb193},

doi = {10.1515/nuka-2017-0020},

issn = {00295922},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Nukleonika},

volume = {62},

number = {2},

pages = {141-144},

publisher = {Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology},

abstract = {The preliminary results of 57 Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) of fully metamict samarskite dated at ~1500 Ma, which absorbed α-dose of 6.5 × 10 17 α-decay mg -1 , are reported after one-hour annealing at 673, 873, 1173 and 1373 K in argon atmosphere. Metamict minerals contain radioactive elements that degrade their crystal structures over geological time. All the Mössbauer spectra obtained can be fitted to two quadrupole doublets assigned to Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ in octahedral positions. The relative contribution of Fe 2+ (Fe 2+ /Fe) reaches a minimum of 0.10 at 1173 K. © 2017 Dariusz Malczewski et al.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85023162016,

title = {Identification of iron-bearing minerals in basalts and pillow lavas of the Kaczawa Mountains using 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy},

author = { D. Malczewski and M. Jeleń and J. Żaba and A. Błachowski and K. Ruebenbauer and M. Dziurowicz},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85023162016&doi=10.1515%2fnuka-2017-0021&partnerID=40&md5=42e7327d7bb5b3c60c781860d4fc7d6c},

doi = {10.1515/nuka-2017-0021},

issn = {00295922},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Nukleonika},

volume = {62},

number = {2},

pages = {145-148},

publisher = {Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology},

abstract = {The Kaczawa Mountains along with the Kaczawa foothill comprise a complicated geological unit that is called the Kaczawa metamorphic (Sudetes; SW Poland). The aim of our work was to identify the iron-bearing minerals in samples of basalts and pillow lavas from the Kaczawa metamorphic using 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy. Based on the preliminary results, the Fe3+/Fe2+ ratio in the samples was determined. © 2017 Dariusz Malczewski et al.},

note = {2},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84937799376,

title = {222Rn and 220Rn emanations as a function of the absorbed α-doses from select metamict minerals},

author = { D. Malczewski and M. Dziurowicz},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84937799376&doi=10.2138%2fam-2015-4917&partnerID=40&md5=902056db03e9859a44179a5bd173b575},

doi = {10.2138/am-2015-4917},

issn = {0003004X},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {American Mineralogist},

volume = {100},

number = {7},

pages = {1378-1385},

publisher = {Walter de Gruyter GmbH},

abstract = {Metamict minerals contain uranium and thorium, which contribute to physical degradation or metamictization of their crystal structures over geologic time. The damage occurs primarily through progressive overlapping recoil nuclei collision cascades from E-decay of 238U, 232Th, 235U, and their daughter products. We measured 222Rn and 220Rn emanations from metamict samples of nine oxides (brannerite; davidite; fergusonites; pyrochlores; samarskites; and uraninite), two phosphates (monazites), and eight silicates (cerite; gadolinites; perrierite; rinkite; thorite; turkestanite; and vesuvianite). The total absorbed a-doses ranged from 1.4 × 1015 to 6.1 × 1018 a-decay mg-1 for cerite and uraninite, respectively. The 222Rn emanation coefficients varied from 5 × 10-5% (uraninite) to 2.5% (turkestanite). The 220Rn emanation coefficients varied from 7 × 10-3% (gadolinite Ytterby) to 6.2% (gadolinite Marysin). The lowest 222Rn emanation coefficients occurred among metamict minerals containing the highest concentrations of 238U (i.e.; uraninite; samarskites; and brannerite). Overall, the 222Rn and 220Rn emanation coefficients observed in this study fall significantly below previously reported values. © 2015 by Walter de Gruyter Berlin/Boston.},

note = {18},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84890312439,

title = {Gamma background measurements in the Boulby Underground Laboratory},

author = { D. Malczewski and J. Kisiel and J. Dorda},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84890312439&doi=10.1007%2fs10967-013-2540-9&partnerID=40&md5=e478976edab743e8d39f5dc7fea194a5},

doi = {10.1007/s10967-013-2540-9},

issn = {02365731},

year  = {2013},

date = {2013-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry},

volume = {298},

number = {3},

pages = {1483-1489},

abstract = {To determine background radiation levels that might influence experiments, we measured in situ gamma-ray emissions at ten locations in the Boulby Underground Laboratory. For gamma radiation in the energy range of 7-2,734 keV, the counts varied from 6.5 to 28 γ s-1. For measurements inside the Lab, the arithmetic mean was 24 γ s-1. The sedimentary rocks that surrounded the Lab, halite and mudstone, were characterized by very low activity concentrations of uranium (0.8-7.1 Bq kg-1) and thorium (0.6-3.9 Bq kg-1). © 2013 The Author(s).},

note = {15},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84871924411,

title = {Gamma background measurements in the Gran Sasso National Laboratory},

author = { D. Malczewski and J. Kisiel and J. Dorda},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84871924411&doi=10.1007%2fs10967-012-1990-9&partnerID=40&md5=07adde00352c291fb776aae9de28461b},

doi = {10.1007/s10967-012-1990-9},

issn = {02365731},

year  = {2013},

date = {2013-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry},

volume = {295},

number = {1},

pages = {749-754},

abstract = {In situ gamma-ray measurements were taken at eight locations in the Gran Sasso National Laboratory (Italy). Count rates for gamma radiation within the energy range of 7-2,734 keV varied from 8 to 60 γ s-1. The arithmetic mean was 49 γ s-1 for measurements taken without a collimator. The average gamma flux inside the Lab was 0.25 γ cm -2 s-1. The sedimentary rocks surrounding the Lab are characterized by low activity concentrations of uranium and thorium, equal to 1.7 and 1.4 Bq kg-1, respectively. © 2012 The Author(s).},

note = {16},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84863466021,

title = {Gamma background measurements in the Laboratoire Souterrain de Modane},

author = { D. Malczewski and J. Kisiel and J. Dorda},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84863466021&doi=10.1007%2fs10967-011-1497-9&partnerID=40&md5=1584087da6edeb40986e37eefea6fcae},

doi = {10.1007/s10967-011-1497-9},

issn = {02365731},

year  = {2012},

date = {2012-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry},

volume = {292},

number = {2},

pages = {751-756},

publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},

abstract = {In situ gamma-ray measurements were taken at six locations in the Modane Underground Laboratory. Count rates for gamma radiation within the energy range of 7-2734 keV varied from 15 to 108 γs-1. The arithmetic mean was 79 γs-1 for measurements taken without a collimator. The metamorphic rocks surrounding the Lab are characterized by low activity concentrations of uranium and thorium equal to 12 and 10 Bq kg-1, respectively. © 2012 Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary.},

note = {17},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84858016271,

title = {Natural radioactivity in rocks of the Modane-Aussois region (SE France)},

author = { D. Malczewski and J. Żaba},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84858016271&doi=10.1007%2fs10967-011-1428-9&partnerID=40&md5=73bf074ad30e900d2a1a3de3493b5924},

doi = {10.1007/s10967-011-1428-9},

issn = {02365731},

year  = {2012},

date = {2012-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry},

volume = {292},

number = {1},

pages = {123-130},

publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},

abstract = {The activity concentrations of 40 K, 232 Th, and 238 U in the characteristic rocks of the Modane-Aussois region (Western Alps; France) were determined using an HPGe gamma-ray spectrometry system. The activity concentrations of 40 K varied from 18 Bqkg -1 (limestone dolomite) to 392 Bqkg -1 (calcschist), while those of 232 Th varied from 0.7 Bqkg -1 (limestone dolomite) to 18 Bqkg -1 (calcschist). The activities associated with 238 U ranged from 9 (quartzite) to 29 Bqkg -1 (dolomite). In the investigated rock samples, concentrations of 238 U (ppm) and 40 K (%) had a strong negative correlation. © 2011 The Author(s).},

note = {5},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-79955464407,

title = {Electrical properties of annealed, fully metamict REE2Fe 2+Be2Si2O10},

author = { D. Malczewski and A. Molak},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79955464407&doi=10.1016%2fj.jnucmat.2011.03.011&partnerID=40&md5=124657e802e53a507b59f6cd804ba739},

doi = {10.1016/j.jnucmat.2011.03.011},

issn = {00223115},

year  = {2011},

date = {2011-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Nuclear Materials},

volume = {412},

number = {2},

pages = {239-249},

abstract = {The electrical properties of annealed, fully metamict gadolinite REEFe 2+Be2Si2O10 are studied as a function of annealing temperature. Changes due to annealing are also probed by 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The electrical conductivity measured at f = 100 Hz between 110 and 750 K varies markedly, ranging from 10-10 to 10-6 S m-1 for untreated samples and 10-9 to 10-3 S m-1 for sample annealed in argon at 1373 K. Average measured activation energies for electrical conduction are 0.47 and 0.63 eV for ranges of 400-450 K and 500-600 K, respectively. The dielectric permittivity shows strong dispersion effects above 235 K. After high temperature annealing, the electrical conductivity shows a marked dispersion below 604 K. The combination of polaron hopping and hydroxyl anion migration is proposed for the electrical conduction mechanism. © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},

note = {1},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-77950890086,

title = {Recrystallization in fully metamict gadolinite from Ytterby (Sweden), annealed in air and studied by 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy},

author = { D. Malczewski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77950890086&doi=10.2138%2fam.2010.3253&partnerID=40&md5=4ddfb4c91b8f22ef74cc67c518d5656c},

doi = {10.2138/am.2010.3253},

issn = {0003004X},

year  = {2010},

date = {2010-01-01},

journal = {American Mineralogist},

volume = {95},

number = {4},

pages = {463-471},

publisher = {Walter de Gruyter GmbH},

abstract = {57Fe Mössbauer annealing studies of fully metamict gadolinite from Ytterby (Sweden) have been carried out in air from 373 to 1473 K. The Mössbauer spectrum of the untreated sample, dated at 1795 Ma and absorbed α-dose 1.07 × 1016 α-decay/mg, is characterized by two broad peaks solely from Fe2+ components in octahedral coordinations. The corresponding quadrupole splitting distribution (QSD) shows two distinct maxima at 1.59 and 2.16 mm/s, which reflect the post-metamictization distribu-tions of Fe2+ positions up to heating at 773 K. Changes in the Mössbauer hyperfine parameters are observed only after heating to 873 K, at which point the first Fe3+ component from the oxidation of Fe2+ appears. The relative contribution of Fe 3+/ΣFe reaches a maximum of 0.54 at 1073 K and then decreases with increasing temperature. A new Fe3+ doublet is observed in the samples heated from 1173 to 1473 K. This doublet is characterized by extremely high quadrupole splitting ranging from 2.51 to 2.66 mm/s, implying extreme distortion of the coordination octahedra in partially and fully crystalline gadolinite. The transition from metamict to crystalline structure begins at 1133 K where the Mössbauer spectrum is represented by one Fe2+ doublet and one Fe3+ doublet. Both doublets suggest a uniform transitional octahedral site over the whole structure. With increasing annealing temperature, the line widths of the Fe2+ doublet decrease, and, at high temperatures, an asymmetry of the absorption peaks is observed. The sample becomes completely recrystallized after annealing at 1373 K, and at this point the Mössbauer spectra are nearly exact superpositions of the pure Fe 2+ and Fe3+ (present in minor proportion) in synthetic gadolinites.},

note = {4},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-70749143165,

title = {57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy of radiation damaged samarskites and gadolinites},

author = { D. Malczewski and A. Grabias and G. Dercz},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-70749143165&doi=10.1007%2fs10751-009-0105-7&partnerID=40&md5=4bbc1a34bde5b06d4a9ac9622e34b9c4},

doi = {10.1007/s10751-009-0105-7},

issn = {03043843},

year  = {2010},

date = {2010-01-01},

journal = {Hyperfine Interactions},

volume = {195},

number = {1},

pages = {85-91},

publisher = {Springer Netherlands},

abstract = {We report the results of 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy, gamma-ray spectrometry and X-ray diffraction of two fully metamict samarskites and two partially metamict gadolinites. The absorbed α-dose for these minerals are found to range from 3.6 × 1015 α-decay/mg for one of the gadolinite samples to 7.7 × 1017 α-decay/mg for one of the samarskite samples. The Mössbauer spectra of samarskites and gadolinites show increasing line widths of the Fe2+ doublets with absorbed α-dose. We also observe that the increase in average quadrupole splitting of the Fe2+ components correlates better with absorbed α-dose from 232Th than with total α-dose. © Springer Science + Business Media B.V. 2009.},

note = {2},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-59849089904,

title = {57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction study of complex metamict minerals. Part II},

author = { D. Malczewski and A. Grabias},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-59849089904&doi=10.1007%2fs10751-008-9858-7&partnerID=40&md5=26a854d962b7545142d15ca7a20cedfb},

doi = {10.1007/s10751-008-9858-7},

issn = {03043843},

year  = {2008},

date = {2008-01-01},

journal = {Hyperfine Interactions},

volume = {186},

number = {1-3},

pages = {75-81},

abstract = {We report the preliminary results of 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy, gamma-ray spectrometry and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of five complex metamict minerals: brannerite, cerite, columbite, perrierite and samarskite The absorbed α-dose for these minerals vary widely, ranging from 1.3 × 1015 α-decay/mg (cerite) to as high as 2.0 × 1018 α-decay/mg (brannerite). The Mössbauer spectra show decreasing isomer shift values for Fe2∈+∈ components with absorbed α-dose. One unexpected result of these spectra is a nearly complete crystallinity of the columbite sample despite its high absorbed α-dose of 1.9 × 1016 α-decay/mg. © 2008 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.},

note = {4},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-50849121095,

title = {57Fe Mössbauer study of the oxidation state of iron in stilpnomelane from granite pegmatites in Poland},

author = { D. Malczewski and E.S. Popiel},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-50849121095&doi=10.2138%2fam.2008.2719&partnerID=40&md5=09e0f02885bc2791f8f66e8e44282bb9},

doi = {10.2138/am.2008.2719},

issn = {0003004X},

year  = {2008},

date = {2008-01-01},

journal = {American Mineralogist},

volume = {93},

number = {8-9},

pages = {1404-1411},

publisher = {Mineralogical Society of America},

abstract = {The effects of heat treatment on stilpnomelane from granite pegmatites at Zółkiewka (Lower Silesia; Poland) were studied using 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy. Samples of naturally altered stilpnomelane and chlorite were also studied. The Mössbauer spectrum of an untreated sample was fitted to two Fe2+ doublets and two Fe3+ doublets. The Fe2+ doublets had similar isomer shifts (1.13 and 1.16 mm/s for the octahedral M1 and M2 sites), different quadrupole splitting values (QS = 2.28 and 2.66 mm /s; respectively), and an M1:M2 area ratio of nearly 1:3. For ferric iron, the first doublet was assigned to the combined M1 + M2 + M4 octahedral positions and had IS = 0.41 and QS = 1.18 mm/s. The second doublet was assigned to the M3 site, with parameters IS = 0.36 and QS = 2.07 mm/s. This is characteristic for stilpnomelane. The oxidation of Fe2+ is fast at low temperatures, with a maximum at 360 °C. Near 1050 °C, the stilpnomelane structure broke down completely, and the spectrum consisted of two sextets and two ferric iron doublets. The predominant phase in this new material is hematite, as represented by the two sextets. The abnormally high fractional Fe2+ content in the altered stilpnomelane (0.70) as compared to the untreated sample (0.45) indicates that the sample was subjected to local hydrothermal processes. Nearly identical divalent iron contents and hyperfine parameters for the Fe2+ and Fe3+ doublets (except Fe3+ in M3) in the altered stilpnomelane and associated chlorite strongly suggest that chlorite is transformed into stilpnomelane.},

note = {3},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-33846504073,

title = {222Rn and 220Rn concentrations in soil gas of Karkonosze-Izera Block (Sudetes, Poland)},

author = { D. Malczewski and J. Żaba},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33846504073&doi=10.1016%2fj.jenvrad.2006.11.001&partnerID=40&md5=982e045e60d006c57dfb71f0a5ae1c2f},

doi = {10.1016/j.jenvrad.2006.11.001},

issn = {0265931X},

year  = {2007},

date = {2007-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Environmental Radioactivity},

volume = {92},

number = {3},

pages = {144-164},

abstract = {Soil gas 222Rn and 220Rn concentrations were measured at 18 locations in the Karkonosze-Izera Block area in southwestern Poland. Measurements were carried out in surface air and at sampling depths of 10, 40 and 80 cm. Surface air 222Rn concentrations ranged from 4 to 2160 Bq m-3 and 220Rn ranged from 4 to 228 Bq m-3. The concentrations for 10 and 40 cm varied from 142 Bq m-3 to 801 kBq m-3 and 102 Bq m-3 to 64 kBq m-3 for 222Rn and 220Rn, respectively. At 80 cm 222Rn concentrations ranged from 94 Bq m-3 to >1 MBq m-3. The 220Rn concentrations at 80 cm varied from 45 Bq m-3 to 48 kBq m-3. The concentration versus depth profiles for 222Rn differed for soils developed on fault zones, uranium deposits or both. Atmospheric air temperature and soil gas 222Rn and 220Rn were negatively correlated. At sampling sites with steep slopes, 220Rn concentrations decreased with depth. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},

note = {11},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-33749621756,

title = {Natural radioactivity of the Paleozoic rocks from the area of Krzeszowice (southern Poland) [Promieniotwórczość naturalna skał paleozoicznych z rejonu Krzeszowic]},

author = { D. Malczewski and J. Badera and G. Lizurek and Z. Mirkowski and J. Dorda},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33749621756&partnerID=40&md5=a56d76a13ca06979cde70f7d2121537d},

issn = {00332151},

year  = {2006},

date = {2006-01-01},

journal = {Przeglad Geologiczny},

volume = {54},

number = {9},

pages = {815-822},

abstract = {In this paper results of natural radioactivity of 40K, 208Tl, 212Pb, 212Bi, 214Pb, 214Bi and 228AC in common rocks raw materials mined in the Krakow vicinity measured in situ using a portable gamma-ray spectrometry are presented. The study area occupies the SE edge of regional geologic unit called Krakow-Lubliniec Zone. Most Upper Paleozoic rocks exposed in this area like tuff, porphyry, limestone, dolomite, diabase and melaphyre have great economic importance and are used in building and road construction industry. The activity concentrations of 40K for the measured Paleozoic rocks ranged from 53 Bq/kg (Carboniferous limestone stone) to 3150 Bq/kg (Permian tuff). The activity concentrations associated 228Ac (232Th) varied from about 7 Bq/kg (Carboniferous limestone) to 56 Bq/kg (Permian tuff), whereas activity concentrations of 226Ra (238U) ranged from 19 Bq/kg (Devonian dolomite) to 43 Bq/kg (Devonian limestone). Besides, the natural radioactivity of the Jurassic limestones (widespread in this region) was measured for comparision with Devonian and Carboniferous limestone.},

note = {1},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-17344366488,

title = {Natural radioactivity of selected crystalline rocks of the Izera Block (Sudetes, SW Poland) [Promieniotwórczość naturalna wybranych skał krystalicznych bloku izerskiego]},

author = { D. Malczewski and A. Sitarek and J. Żaba and J. Dorda},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-17344366488&partnerID=40&md5=fe5035d50417a0636303765039b33df7},

issn = {00332151},

year  = {2005},

date = {2005-01-01},

journal = {Przeglad Geologiczny},

volume = {53},

number = {3},

pages = {237-244},

abstract = {Results of natural radioactivity of 40K, 208Tl, 212Pb, 212Bi, 214Pb, 214Bi, 228Ac and the fallout of 137Cs measured in situ in typical crystalline (both igneous and metamorphic) rocks of the Izera Block (Sudetes Mountains; southwestern Poland) using a portable gamma-ray spectrometry workstation are presented. The highest activity concentrations of 40K and 226Ra (238U series) were noted in laminated gneisses whereas the highest activity concentration of 228Ac (232Th series) is characteristic for Sn-bearing mica schists. The lowest activity concentrations of 40K, 228Ac and 226Ra refer to the basalts, flaser gneisses and Izera granites, respectively. The measurements carried out in the study area have shown relatively low level of 137Cs fallout.},

note = {11},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-33845768826,

title = {57 Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction study of some complex metamict minerals},

author = { D. Malczewski and J.E. Frąckowiak and E.V. Galuskin},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33845768826&doi=10.1007%2fs10751-006-9321-6&partnerID=40&md5=6ef875ac37367c7c807387ea4f086b95},

doi = {10.1007/s10751-006-9321-6},

issn = {03043843},

year  = {2005},

date = {2005-01-01},

journal = {Hyperfine Interactions},

volume = {166},

number = {1-4},

pages = {529-536},

publisher = {Springer Netherlands},

abstract = {Metamict minerals are a class of natural amorphous materials which were initially crystalline but self-radiation damage mainly from alpha decays of 238 U and 232 Th series inside the structure can produce partially or fully amorphization (metamictization) of these minerals. This paper reports the results of 57 Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy, gamma-ray spectrometry and X-ray diffraction (XRD) study of some complex metamict minerals like: davidite-(La), gadolinite, steenstrupine-(Ce), vesuvianite and comparatively epidote. The absorbed α-dose for these minerals varies in wide range from 1.9 × 10 14 α-decay/mg (epidote) to as high as 2.7 × 10 16 α-decay/mg (steenstrupine). The Mössbauer spectra show decreasing IS values (except steenstrupine) for Fe 2+ components with absorbed α-dose. Rather unexpected feature of these spectra is a noticeable decrease of the spectral line widths with increasing absorbed α-dose both Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ components in gadolinite, davidite and steenstrupine. © 2006 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.},

note = {10},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-3142658149,

title = {Structural analysis of radiation damage in Precambrian gadolinite from Ytterby by 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction},

author = { D. Malczewski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-3142658149&doi=10.1016%2fj.msea.2003.10.112&partnerID=40&md5=d9b2c7c1ec4c2cbd315614cfe65f65d5},

doi = {10.1016/j.msea.2003.10.112},

issn = {09215093},

year  = {2004},

date = {2004-01-01},

journal = {Materials Science and Engineering A},

volume = {375-377},

number = {1-2 SPEC. ISS.},

pages = {1259-1262},

abstract = {This paper reports the results of 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and gamma-ray spectroscopy studies of a fully metamict (amorphous) gadolinite sample GYT from Ytterby (Sweden). X-ray and electron diffraction patterns of the sample shows complete lack of long range order (LRO). Nonetheless, 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy of the sample revealed only Fe2+ ions definitely located in octahedral coordinations, similar to the crystalline structure of gadolinite. Radiometric data obtained by gamma-ray spectrometry indicated that the sample remained a closed system for actinides during the entire period since its formation (1.795×109 years ago). Additionally, geological processes did not change the chemical composition of the sample through such a long time. Consequently, the crystalline structure of fully metamict gadolinite from Ytterby is perfectly restored after high-temperature annealing in argon atmosphere. These and other features result in the conclusion that the gadolinite phase seems to be potential candidate as a nuclear waste form. © 2003 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {2},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-1642296092,

title = {Assessment of natural and anthropogenic radioactivity levels in rocks and soils in the environs of Swieradow Zdroj in Sudetes, Poland, by in situ gamma-ray spectrometry},

author = { D. Malczewski and L. Teper and J. Dorda},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-1642296092&doi=10.1016%2fj.jenvrad.2003.08.010&partnerID=40&md5=413a60523971756cd81a0c53bb62f878},

doi = {10.1016/j.jenvrad.2003.08.010},

issn = {0265931X},

year  = {2004},

date = {2004-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Environmental Radioactivity},

volume = {73},

number = {3},

pages = {233-245},

abstract = {The natural radioactivity of 40K, 208Ti, 212Pb, 212Bi, 214Pb, 214Bi, 228Ac and the fallout of 137Cs in typical rocks and soils of Świeradów Zdrój area (Sudetes Mountains; Poland) were measured in situ using a portable gamma-ray spectrometry workstation. The measurement points were chosen for different regional lithology: within hornfelses of the Szklarska Poreba schist-belt, quartz rocks, gneisses of the Świeradów Zdrój unit, leucogranites, leptinites, mica schists of the Stara Kamienica belt, and finally the zones of the southern and northern contacts of the Stara Kamienica schist-belt with leucogranites and gneisses of the Lesna unit, respectively. 40K activity varied in the range from about 320 Bq kg-1 (quartz) to 1200 Bq kg-1 (gneisses). The activity concentrations associated with 228Ac ( 232Th series) varied in the range from 25 Bq kg-1 (quartz) to 62 Bq kg-1 (leucogranites), whereas activity concentration of 226Ra varied in the range from about 31 Bq kg-1 (hornfelses) to 122 Bq kg-1 (leucogranites). Relatively low deposits of 137Cs were noted in the investigated area, where the activity concentrations ranged from 4001 (hornfelses) Bq m-2 to less than 154 Bq m-2 (leucogranites). © 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},

note = {52},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-0037001139,

title = {Metamict state: Implication for stabilization and immobilization of nuclear High-Level Waste (HLW) [Stan metamiktyczny. Implikacje dla stabilizacji i immobilizacji wysokoaktywnych odpadów promieniotwórczych]},

author = { D. Malczewski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0037001139&partnerID=40&md5=cc5a699c4775c382ddbd875a4d871da8},

issn = {0138015X},

year  = {2002},

date = {2002-01-01},

journal = {Publications of the Institute of Geophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Series M: Miscellanea},

volume = {24},

number = {340},

pages = {397-404},

abstract = {Metamict minerals are a class of natural amorphous materials which were initially crystalline. The mechanism for the transition from crystalline to amorphous structure is not clearly understood but the progressive overlap of recoil nuclei collision cascades from α-decay of uranium, thorium and daughter products is critical to the process. The changes in chemical and physical properties of metamict minerals, actinides doped materials and ion-beam-induced amorphization materials have been extensively investigated, stimulated in part by applications of ceramics in the nuclear industry use as single-phase or multiphase crystalline nuclear waste forms. For example, because Pu can readily substitute for Zr in the zircon structure, zircon is a proposed host phase for excess weapons plutonium and monazite CePO4 is a suggested waste form for high-level nuclear waste. This paper summarizes the part of pertinent literature on metamictization and immobilization of nuclear high-level waste (HLW) in a solid form.},

note = {1},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-0036975084,

title = {57Fe Mössbauer Study of One-Hour Annealing in Argon of Radiation Damage in Metamict Gadolinite from Ytterby},

author = { D. Malczewski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0036975084&doi=10.1023%2fA%3a1021271902236&partnerID=40&md5=cb61745a4ca501fec0c44d2880504a94},

doi = {10.1023/A:1021271902236},

issn = {03043843},

year  = {2002},

date = {2002-01-01},

journal = {Hyperfine Interactions},

volume = {141-142},

number = {1-4},

pages = {337-343},

publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},

abstract = {Gadolinite, REE2FeBe2Si2O10, belongs to the group of metamict minerals. Metamict minerals incorporate uranium and thorium in their structures. Alpha-decays of uranium and thorium series inside the gadolinite structure cause radiation damage of the crystalline lattice and can produce complete metamictization (amorphization) of the crystal. The original structure of metamict minerals can be restored by heating. This paper presents 57Fe Mössbauer studies of fully metamict gadolinite from Ytterby (Sweden) after a one-hour annealing process in argon atmosphere at high temperatures. Changes in the Mössbauer parameters are sensitive indicators of the thermal recrystallization process and revealed two stages of the structural recovery. The first stage from 873 to 1073 K and the second one from 1133 to 1473 K. These observations are confirmed by X-ray diffraction. © 2002, Kluwer Academic Publishers.},

note = {1},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-0036264448,

title = {Activation energy of annealed metamict gadolinite from 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy},

author = { D. Malczewski and J. Janeczek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0036264448&doi=10.1007%2fs00269-001-0221-7&partnerID=40&md5=eab19e81470c581af320c5f89de08524},

doi = {10.1007/s00269-001-0221-7},

issn = {03421791},

year  = {2002},

date = {2002-01-01},

journal = {Physics and Chemistry of Minerals},

volume = {29},

number = {3},

pages = {226-232},

abstract = {Gadolinite, REE2FeBe2Si2O 0, is commonly metamict. 57Fe Mössbauer annealing studies of fully metamict gadolinite from Ytterby, Sweden, have been completed in argon atmosphere from 873 to 1473 K. This technique has rarely been employed in studies of metamict minerals. Changes in the experimental parameters of Mössbauer spectra are sensitive indicators of the thermal recrystallization process of metamict gadolinite and revealed two stages of the structural recovery: a major stage from 873 to 1073 K and a slower recovery stage from 1133 to 1473 K. These observations are confirmed by X-ray powder diffraction. In relation to the first stage, the exponential behaviour of the changes in the Mössbauer parameters can be used for deriving the activation energy Ea of the recrystallization process. The calculated value Ea = 1.97 eV in argon atmosphere explains the common occurrence of gadolinite in the fully or partially metamict state. Results of Mössbauer spectroscopy suggest that the recrystallization of metamict gadolinite is a displacive transition that involves rotation and translation of S O4 and BeO4 to their normal positions associated with removal of OH groups from the structure.},

note = {11},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}